WO2018100485A1 - Cycle de gaz fermé dans des applications cryogéniques ou de fluides frigorigènes - Google Patents

Cycle de gaz fermé dans des applications cryogéniques ou de fluides frigorigènes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018100485A1
WO2018100485A1 PCT/IB2017/057438 IB2017057438W WO2018100485A1 WO 2018100485 A1 WO2018100485 A1 WO 2018100485A1 IB 2017057438 W IB2017057438 W IB 2017057438W WO 2018100485 A1 WO2018100485 A1 WO 2018100485A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquefied gas
regasification
heat
working fluid
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/057438
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English (en)
Inventor
Salvatore DE RINALDIS
Luca Davide INGLESE
Alessandro LEPORE
Fabrizio MELONI
Gianluca Valenti
Ennio MACCHI
Marco ASTOLFI
Paolo Chiesa
Original Assignee
Saipem S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saipem S.P.A. filed Critical Saipem S.P.A.
Priority to JP2019529161A priority Critical patent/JP7018946B2/ja
Priority to EP17818621.9A priority patent/EP3548713A1/fr
Publication of WO2018100485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018100485A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the present invention finds application in the energy sector, in particular for the reducing energy consumption required in the regasification terminals of a liquefied gas.
  • the liquefied natural gas is a mixture of natural gas mainly consisting of methane and, to a lesser extent, of other light hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, isobutane, ⁇ -butane, pentane, and nitrogen, which is converted from the gaseous state, which is found at room temperature, to the liquid state, at about -160°C, to allow its transportation.
  • the liquefaction plants are located in the proximity of natural gas production sites, while the regasification plants (or “regasification terminals”) are located in the proximity of the users.
  • the thermal power required for regasifying 139 t/h is about 27 MWt, while the electrical power is about 2.25 MWe (4.85 MWe if the other auxiliary loads of the plant are taken into account; 19.4 MWe electrical load maximum of the plant on 4 regasification lines) .
  • This technology provides that the natural gas at liquid state (about 70-80 bar and at a temperature of - 160°C) is made to flow from the bottom upwards within aluminum tubes flanked to form panels; the vaporization progressively occurs as the fluid proceeds.
  • the heat carrier is the seawater which flowing from the top downwards on the outer surface of the tubes provides the heat required for vaporization by a difference in temperature.
  • the patent IT 1042793 Snamprogetti S.p.A. describes a process for the regasification of LNG and for the simultaneous production of electrical energy by a nitrogen closed gas cycle (Brayton) which recovers heat from the discharge of a gas turbine.
  • the invention describes a process for generating thermal energy and electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a regasification line according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a plant comprising more regasification lines, wherein the concept of energy bypass is diagrammed
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of a regasification line according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention
  • the present invention is described in particular in relation to the regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) , but the regasification line, the regasification terminal and the regasification process hereinafter described are equally applicable for the regasification or vaporization of other liquefied fluids stored at low temperatures (lower than about 0°C) or at cryogenic temperatures (lower than -45°C) .
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • liquefied gas is intended to mean a fluid of mainly liquid composition .
  • the present invention will find equal application for the regasification or vaporization of a liquefied gas selected from the group comprising for example: air, nitrogen, hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. alkanes, such as for example propane and butane, or alkenes, such as for example ethylene or propylene, or the regasification or vaporization of hydrogen.
  • a liquefied gas selected from the group comprising for example: air, nitrogen, hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. alkanes, such as for example propane and butane, or alkenes, such as for example ethylene or propylene, or the regasification or vaporization of hydrogen.
  • a regasification line for liquefied natural gas (LNG) is described .
  • regasification line is intended to mean the plant portion which comprises the structures, the equipment, the machinery and the systems for the regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) .
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the liquefied gas tank may be located in a place or in a structure other than that of the regasification plant, which for example could be onshore or offshore or on floaters.
  • a circuit element is the bath of a submerged combustion vaporization (SCV) section.
  • SCV submerged combustion vaporization
  • the LNG Before entering in the vaporization bath, the LNG may be subjected to a preliminary compression step to bring it to a pressure of about 70 ⁇ 80 bar.
  • the compression is operated by a low pressure pump (about 400 kWe) and by a high pressure one (about 1300 kWe) , which operate in series (PMP1 in figure 4) .
  • CMP1 represents the boil off gas compressors (BOG) .
  • the liquefied natural gas is vaporized and superheated up to a temperature of about 3°C. Once regasified, the natural gas may be introduced into the natural gas distribution network.
  • the regasification line (the base circuit) of the liquefied natural gas is modified so as to integrate a liquefied natural gas (LNG) by-pass circuit.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) by-pass circuit a regasification line consisting of the by-pass circuit as the main line, for example for constructing new plants.
  • LNG Liquefied natural gas
  • HE1 heat exchanger
  • such heating is operated up to a temperature of about 3°C.
  • the natural gas flow thus vaporized (102) is introduced into the natural gas network at a pressure of about 70 bar and 3°C.
  • a portion (103) of the LNG as output from the exchanger HE1 is sent to a boiler (natural gas-fired boiler) .
  • the liquefied natural gas (LNG) circuit comprising the base circuit and the by-pass circuit described above is modified by introducing (or integrating with) a closed gas cycle.
  • such a working fluid is argon (Ar) .
  • the working fluid 1 at a temperature of about 70 °C and at a pressure of about 20 bar is subjected to a compression step, through a compressor Kl, up to about 42 bar, therefore making a compression ratio of about 2 (more precisely 2.09) .
  • the determining parameter is the compression ratio, while the minimum and maximum pressure (connected to each other by the compression ratio) are optimized in the design of turbomachinery (as the pressure increases, the size decreases since the volumetric flow rates decrease) and of equipment (as the pressure increases, the thickness of the tubes increases) .
  • This step comprises a heat exchange equal to about 12 MWt.
  • the heat exchange step in the third exchanger HE3 is optional .
  • the heated flow (3 in figure 1) is heated, or optionally further heated, in a heat exchanger (HE2 in figure 1) obtaining a flow 4 at about 120°C.
  • HE2 heat exchanger
  • the working fluid flow 4 expands in a turbine T2 keyed to a generator Gl and to the compressor Kl up to about 21 bar and cooling down to about 40°C (flow 5 in figure 1), providing a net electrical power of about 2.25 MWe .
  • the working fluid flow rate of the closed gas cycle circulating in the circuit is of about 137.8 t/h.
  • a heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger HE1 with which the working fluid of the closed gas cycle transfers thermal power to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) which is thus regasified.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the turbine and the closed gas cycle compressor may be directly keyed on the same shaft; moreover, they may have the same rotation velocity or not and they may transfer mechanical energy to one same electrical generator.
  • the working fluid may expand in two turbines in series: Tl, which operates at high pressure, keyed to the compressor, and T2, which operates at low pressure, keyed to the generator.
  • the working fluid circuit may be further integrated with additional circuits.
  • such circuits may comprise:
  • the integration is possible with any one of or with more of those cycles listed above.
  • the circuit is fed with water at a temperature of about 30°C (201 in figure 1) .
  • a water flow 202 arrives to the boiler at a pressure of about 3.82 bar, put in circulation by the circulation pump of the boiler PMP3 in figure 1; the flow 203 of the water heated in the boiler at about 140°C is cooled in a heat exchanger (HE2), wherein it cools down to about 30°C (201) .
  • HE2 heat exchanger
  • the boiler circuit is integrated with the closed gas cycle at the exchanger HE2, within which the boiler circuit water transfers thermal power, cooling down, to the working fluid of the closed gas cycle which heats up to about 120°C.
  • Such a step comprises, in particular, a heat exchange corresponding to about 18 MWt.
  • the boiler may be replaced by an equivalent heat source.
  • the superheated water boiler circuit may be replaced with a diathermic oil circuit.
  • a heat exchanger occurs in the exchanger HE2 with the fumes output from the boiler, producing fumes sent to the stack 201.
  • the working fluid output from the exchanger HE2 is heated in the boiler and subsequently the flow 4 is sent to the turbine T2.
  • the heat exchange occurs by radiation in the boiler and by convection in the exchanger HE2 (integration point with the working fluid cycle) .
  • the working fluid preferably used is nitrogen.
  • the boiler as a heat source, is a Fuel Cell, whose discharge fluids are capable of transferring heat.
  • the supply fluid of the Fuel Cell may be: hydrogen, ethanol, methane.
  • the seawater is withdrawn at the seawater outlet at a temperature of about 9°C (301 in fig. 1) .
  • This cooling step in HE3 involves a transfer of thermal energy of about 12 MWt .
  • the water flow (303) may be released into the sea.
  • the seawater is subjected to a filtering step in order to retain substances and organic material, for example algae, mollusks, and inorganic material such as sand or particulates.
  • a filtering step in order to retain substances and organic material, for example algae, mollusks, and inorganic material such as sand or particulates.
  • the integration with the closed gas cycle occurs at the third heat exchanger HE3, wherein the seawater transfers heat to the working fluid of the closed gas cycle.
  • the seawater circuit may be replaced by or added to a BOG circuit.
  • a tempered water flow 301 is sent to the exchanger HE3 wherein the heat exchange occurs with the working fluid.
  • the flow output 101 from the exchanger HE3 303 is sent to the exchanger HE5 for the heat exchanger with the BOG output from the BOG compressor.
  • the heat exchanger between the BOG after compression and the working fluid may directly occur in the exchanger HE3.
  • the BOG compression may be carried out in more steps, in this condition at the output of every compression the heat may be transferred into more exchangers such as HE3 or single exchanger (more heat exchanges in a single body) .
  • the system of the invention requires about 2.25 MWe to make a regasification line energetically independent and 4.85 MWe if 1/4 of the electrical load of the entire regasification terminal is to be covered.
  • the system of the invention entirely provides for the electrical requirements of a regasification line (2.25 MWe) or of 1/4 of the electrical load of the entire regasification terminal and feeds the low and high pressure cryogenic pumps
  • the present invention describes a regasification line of liquefied natural gas (LNG) which comprises:
  • a closed gas cycle section which operates with a working fluid and which in turn comprises a first heat exchanger (HE1), a compressor, a second exchanger (HE2), a third exchanger (HE3) and a turbine for generating electrical energy through said working fluid of the closed gas cycle.
  • HE1 first heat exchanger
  • HE2 compressor
  • HE3 third exchanger
  • turbine for generating electrical energy through said working fluid of the closed gas cycle.
  • the heat of the working fluid of the closed gas cycle is transferred to the liquefied natural gas (LNG) within the first heat exchanger (HE1) .
  • said working fluid of the closed gas cycle is selected from the group comprising: air, nitrogen, helium, argon.
  • the closed gas cycle operates with a fluid, which, preferably, is comprised of a monatomic gas.
  • the working fluid of the closed gas cycle is argon.
  • the described regasification line comprises two heat exchangers (respectively HE1, HE2) .
  • said second exchanger HE2
  • a heat exchange is carried out between said first intermediate fluid and said working fluid of the closed gas cycle, to which heat is transferred.
  • said first intermediate fluid consists of discharge fumes of an endothermic engine, of a gas turbine or of an internal combustion engine or process recoveries (sources at high temperature) .
  • Such a third exchanger (HE3), in particular, is part of a circuit which operates with a second intermediate fluid.
  • the working fluid circuit may be integrated with the first intermediate fluid circuit or with the second intermediate fluid circuit or with both circuits.
  • the circuit which operates with the first intermediate fluid and the circuit which operates with the second intermediate fluid are circuits which exploit low temperature heat sources for example at temperatures lower than 180°C, preferably lower than 120°C.
  • the circuit which operates with the first intermediate fluid and the circuit which operates with the second intermediate fluid are circuits which exploit heat sources at high temperature for example at temperatures higher than 180°C, preferably higher than 300°C, even more preferably higher than 400°C, and low temperature, respectively.
  • low temperature heat source is intended to mean for example: ambient air, seawater, solar heating, process heat recoveries and/or low temperature machinery.
  • high temperature heat source is intended to mean for example: solar heating, exhausted heat of a thermodynamic cycle, discharge gas of a gas turbine or internal combustion engine, process heat recoveries and/or high temperature machinery.
  • the first intermediate fluid is tempered/superheated water or diathermic oil and the respective circuit is a boiler circuit.
  • the cooling of the boiler water and the heating of the working fluid of the closed gas cycle output from the third heat exchanger (HE3) are performed in the second heat exchanger (HE2) (Fig. 4 and Fig. 1) .
  • the second intermediate fluid is seawater and the respective circuit is a seawater circuit.
  • the regasification line comprises a vaporization section of liquefied natural gas which is of the Submerged Combustion Vaporizer (SCV) type.
  • SCV Submerged Combustion Vaporizer
  • the turbine of the closed gas cycle is fed with the working fluid of the closed gas cycle heated in output from the second heat exchanger (HE2) or in output from the third (HE3) and from the second heat exchanger (HE2) for generating electrical energy.
  • the boiler of the boiler circuit is fed with a portion of regasified natural gas output from the first heat exchanger (HE1) in which the heat exchange between the closed gas cycle working fluid and the liquefied natural gas (LNG) is implemented .
  • HE1 first heat exchanger
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the regasification line of liquefied natural gas further comprises a connection to the outer network for electrical energy supply, when available, or an electrical generating unit for example a gas turbine or internal combustion engine.
  • the regasification line of liquefied natural gas is modified to further comprise a heat pump (HP in figure 3) .
  • the first intermediate fluid circuit is preferably a boiler circuit.
  • this preferably comprises :
  • the refrigerating fluid circuit operates by means of a fluid preferably chosen from the group comprising, for example: water-glycol and other refrigerating fluids such as, for example, fluids R134a, R32, R143a, R125.
  • the first intermediate fluid (HPF1) is represented by seawater (or fresh water, as defined above) , which is extracted at a temperature of about 9°C and cooled down to about 4°C in the evaporator of the heat pump (VPC), with a heat exchange corresponding to about 4.4 MWt, considering the self-sufficiency of a regasification line and 9.8 MWt by that of 1/4 of the electrical load of a regasification terminal.
  • the seawater is subjected to a filtering step in order to retain substances and organic material, for example algae, mollusks, and inorganic material such as sand or particulates .
  • substances and organic material for example algae, mollusks, and inorganic material such as sand or particulates .
  • the first intermediate fluid of the heat pump (HPF1) may be represented by ambient air.
  • the second intermediate fluid is tempered water, which is heated from about 18°C to about 23°C in the condenser of the heat pump (CPC) , with a heat exchange corresponding to about 5.1 MWt, considering the self- sufficiency of a regasification line and 11.4 MWt by that of 1/4 of the electrical load of a regasification terminal .
  • the second intermediate fluid circuit is integrated with the liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification by-pass circuit.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the liquefied natural gas flow object of the heat exchange with the second intermediate fluid (HPF2) is the LNG output from the first heat exchanger (HE1) and is, therefore, at least already partially regasified.
  • a portion of the regasified liquefied natural gas output from the heat exchanger (HE4) may be used for feeding the boiler of the boiler circuit.
  • a fraction of the electrical power produced by the turbine of the closed gas cycle feeds the heat pump in particular the compressor of the heat pump (CPC) .
  • CPC heat pump
  • such a process is also meant as a process for the regasification of a liquefied gas and/or for heating (or superheating) a regasified gas.
  • step 1) in turn comprises the steps of:
  • such a liquefied fluid is liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a heat exchanger .
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • said working fluid of the closed gas cycle is selected from the group comprising: air, nitrogen, helium, argon.
  • the closed gas cycle operates with a fluid, which, preferably, is comprised of a monatomic gas.
  • the working fluid of the closed gas cycle is argon.
  • this is preferably performed by a generator (Gl) connected to the turbine (T2) of the closed gas cycle.
  • step ii) is performed after step i) of acquiring heat and before step iii) of transferring thermal energy.
  • step i) described above of performing one or more heat acquisition steps by the working fluid of the closed gas cycle comprises a step A.
  • step i) described above comprises a step A', as an alternative or in addition to step A.
  • one or both said steps A and A' comprise the acquisition of thermal energy from a low temperature heat source.
  • step A' comprises the acquisition of thermal energy from a high temperature heat source.
  • low temperature heat source is intended to mean for example: ambient air, seawater, low temperature solar heating, exhausted heat of a low temperature thermo-dynamic cycle, process heat recoveries and/or low temperature machinery. It is understood that a low temperature source operates at temperatures lower than about 180°C and, preferably, lower than about 120°C.
  • step A is performed as an alternative or in addition to the acquisition of thermal energy from tempered water heated by BOG after being compressed in the BOG compressor.
  • Such regasification is performed in the heat exchanger (HE1) wherein the working fluid of the closed gas cycle operates the transferring of thermal energy.
  • the embodiment which provides the use of ambient air in the exchanger HE3 through the air heating technology, allows improving the efficiency of the turbine due to the blowing of cooled air, due to the transferring of heat to the closed gas cycle, to the turbine itself and to avoid in this way the de-rating of the power.
  • the installation of the heat pump is flexible, which may be placed in proximity of the sea or in proximity of the regasification plant; such flexibility results in the possibility of optimizing the path seawater pipes, according to the specificity of the application .
  • the present invention is described in particular in relation to the regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) , but the regasification line, the regasification terminal and the regasification process herein described are equally applicable for the regasification or vaporization of other liquefied fluids stored at low temperatures (lower than about 0 °C) or at cryogenic temperatures (lower than -45 °C) .
  • LNG liquefied natural gas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est une ligne de regazéification pour un gaz liquéfié. Cette ligne de regazéification comprend une section à cycle de gaz fermé, qui fonctionne avec un fluide de travail, et qui comprend un premier échangeur de chaleur (HE1), la chaleur du fluide de travail étant transférée au gaz liquéfié pour sa regazéification, et une turbine (T1) pour produire un courant électrique au moyen du fluide de travail. La ligne comprend en outre un second échangeur de chaleur (HE2), qui fait partie d'un circuit d'un premier fluide intermédiaire transférant de la chaleur au fluide de travail.
PCT/IB2017/057438 2016-11-30 2017-11-28 Cycle de gaz fermé dans des applications cryogéniques ou de fluides frigorigènes WO2018100485A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019529161A JP7018946B2 (ja) 2016-11-30 2017-11-28 極低温用途又は冷却流体における閉ガスサイクル
EP17818621.9A EP3548713A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2017-11-28 Cycle de gaz fermé dans des applications cryogéniques ou de fluides frigorigènes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102016000121407 2016-11-30
IT102016000121407A IT201600121407A1 (it) 2016-11-30 2016-11-30 Ciclo a gas chiuso in applicazioni criogeniche o fluidi refrigeranti

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WO2018100485A1 true WO2018100485A1 (fr) 2018-06-07

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JP (1) JP7018946B2 (fr)
IT (1) IT201600121407A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018100485A1 (fr)

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JP2020132127A (ja) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-31 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
JP2020132126A (ja) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-31 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
CN112009697A (zh) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-01 成都精智艺科技有限责任公司 一种高效lng船舶动力供应系统及方法

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GB1538477A (en) * 1975-05-28 1979-01-17 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Evaporation of liquified natural gas
US20110289941A1 (en) * 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 General Electric Company Brayton cycle regasification of liquiefied natural gas
US20130152607A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2013-06-20 Liberato Ciccarelli Process and plant for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas and storage thereof

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GB1538477A (en) * 1975-05-28 1979-01-17 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Evaporation of liquified natural gas
US20130152607A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2013-06-20 Liberato Ciccarelli Process and plant for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas and storage thereof
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020132127A (ja) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-31 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
JP2020132126A (ja) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-31 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
WO2020174969A1 (fr) * 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 Dispositif de vaporisation de gaz liquéfié et équipement de corps flottant le comprenant
CN113439053A (zh) * 2019-02-26 2021-09-24 三菱重工船用机械株式会社 液化气气化装置及具备该液化气气化装置的浮体设备
CN113474249A (zh) * 2019-02-26 2021-10-01 三菱重工船用机械株式会社 液化气气化装置及具备该液化气气化装置的浮体设备
JP7301553B2 (ja) 2019-02-26 2023-07-03 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
JP7366555B2 (ja) 2019-02-26 2023-10-23 三菱重工マリンマシナリ株式会社 液化ガス気化装置及びこれを備えた浮体設備
CN113439053B (zh) * 2019-02-26 2024-04-16 三菱重工船用机械株式会社 液化气气化装置及具备该液化气气化装置的浮体设备
CN113474249B (zh) * 2019-02-26 2024-06-11 三菱重工船用机械株式会社 液化气气化装置及具备该液化气气化装置的浮体设备
CN112009697A (zh) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-01 成都精智艺科技有限责任公司 一种高效lng船舶动力供应系统及方法

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JP7018946B2 (ja) 2022-02-14
JP2020501071A (ja) 2020-01-16
EP3548713A1 (fr) 2019-10-09
IT201600121407A1 (it) 2018-05-30

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