WO2018099961A1

WO2018099961A1 - Device for separating an electrical system from an energy source

Info

Publication number: WO2018099961A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/080804
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sebastian UTZ
Original assignee: Innofas Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-12-01
Filing date: 2017-11-29
Publication date: 2018-06-07
Also published as: EP3549150B1; DE102016123283A1; EP3549150A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for separating a direct-voltage (electrical) system from an energy source or an energy store and to a method for separating a voltage supply or an energy store from a direct-voltage system.

Description

Device for separating a vehicle electrical system from an energy source

Description:

The invention relates to a device for disconnecting a DC voltage (on-board) network from an energy source or an energy store and to a method for disconnecting a voltage supply or an energy store from a DC voltage network.

In the prior art are various embodiments of separation devices for DC interruption between a DC power source and an electrical device or a load known.

Since such a DC voltage source must be safely and reliably disconnected from the vehicle electrical system under certain conditions in the vehicle, on the other hand, a separation must not occur during driving. In this respect, a corresponding separation device must be able to interrupt under load, d. H. without previously switching off the DC power source.

For load separation z. B. a mechanical switch (switching contact) are used with the advantage that when contact opening galvanic isolation of the electrical device is made from the DC power source. The disadvantage, however, is that such mechanical switching contacts are worn very quickly due to the resulting arc at the contact opening or an additional effort is required to enclose the arc and cool, which is usually done by a corresponding mechanical switch with a quenching chambers.

If, however, powerful semiconductor switches are used for load separation from the vehicle electrical system, unavoidable power losses on the semiconductors also occur during normal operation. In addition, with such power semiconductors no electrical isolation and thus no reliable personal protection ensured.

From WO 2010/108565 A1 a separating device with a mechanical switch is known, which in the untripped state of the separating Device is energized. The mechanical switch is connected in parallel with semiconductor electronics, which are connected to the mechanical switch in such a way that when the mechanical switch opens to interrupt the current flow through the isolating device, it is switched in an electrically conductive manner due to an arc forming in the region of the mechanical switch.

Furthermore, DE 101 16 925 C1 discloses a motor vehicle with a

Voltage network between an energy storage and a generator with rectifier, wherein a voltage connected to the power supply, safety-related control both a servo-actuated actuator both drives and supplied with power, wherein in the current flow between terminals of the safety-related control device to a pole of the energy storage and to a corresponding output of the generator an electrical battery separator is arranged. The control device is designed such that it retains a residual voltage in order to actuate an electromotive actuator in an emergency driving program accordingly.

A prerequisite for electrically powered motor vehicles, especially in test mode is that they can be switched off by a so-called battery disconnect switch. This is intended to prevent the current from increasing the danger potential, for example from sparks which may be caused by the power supply, which could possibly result in fires or explosions. On the other hand, it is necessary for safe driving operation that certain units remain functional until the vehicle is parked and therefore a separation must not occur while driving. So far, the known in the art to be separated loads were comparatively low, so that various technical problems, such as arc ignition, touch safety, etc. were manageable or occurred only to a small extent. In the present case, DC loads are to be switched at 12V and 48V, at which currents of up to 1,500 A flow. With such load acceptance cases, it should be ensured that a defined number of, for example, 15 switching cycles can be realized.

For example, a known technical isolating device or a circuit breaker can switch DC loads of up to 100 A, if necessary, and with such a device it is possible, for example, to switch DC loads. A number of e.g. 50,000 switching cycles can be achieved. However, such devices already show no effective switching behavior even at currents of 500 A and more, since the device, if any, can realize only a single switching operation. But if the aforementioned high loads are switched reliably, fail the well-known from the prior art devices.

If two real contacts of a switch move towards each other, the penetration resistance of the existing air gap is undershot below a certain minimum distance. The amount of the minimum distance depends on the prevailing field strength and thus on the voltage potential between the switching contacts. As a result, above minimum voltage and current, a spark or a so-called pre-ignition arc can occur. The latter claims the con- contact surfaces (contact erosion), they may melt on and can lead to contact welding. Such damaged switch can not be opened. At the moment of contact, the rules of impact mechanics apply: Elastic and plastic deformation of the contact surfaces occurs with the consequence of possible lifts, the effect of bouncing. The contacts strike together and spring back apart, so that additional interference pulses can occur. When opening a mechanical switch, the contact force initially decreases, the metallic contact surfaces are smaller. Thus, the electrical resistance rises, the contact point heats up, the contact material melts in particular at higher currents. If the connecting material bridge breaks, an arc will be formed, ie the air will be ionized. This results in very high power losses, which lead to melting and evaporation of contact material.

Consequently, it requires a solution of a device for separating, which satisfactorily solves the aforementioned problem.

Thus, the solutions known in the prior art are also not suitable for satisfactorily or even completely solving the various other objectives pursued by this invention.

It is desirable that the device is universally applicable and therefore can be used as a single assembly at the desired vehicle position. This also requires the requirement that depending on the installation position a splash-proof and possibly shock-resistant design is required.

Furthermore, the high-current switch should be designed to be bistable, ie, to function even when de-energized. Furthermore, incorrect operation or faulty signals must be detected reliably and must not lead to undesirable switching processes. The design must also be designed redundantly and controlled by a controller.

The invention is based on the object to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks in the prior art and to provide a particularly suitable separation device for DC interruption in the high load range between a DC power source and an electrical device or load in the amount of 15kW.

This object is achieved by the combination of features according to claim 1 and claim 12.

According to the invention, therefore, a disconnecting device is provided, which is designed for repeatedly disconnecting a load greater than 12 KW of a 12V or 48V DC (on-board) network of an energy storage, preferably an energy storage of a motor vehicle consisting of a base and an insulating housing, wherein within the housing a special switching arrangement is provided, which enables a secure closing and, above all, also separation of the load path.

The invention can also be used at other rated voltages VDC and currents, as well as in applications outside of a vehicle, where high DC loads are to be switched.

The circuit is preferably designed to be compact in a circumferentially closed housing and a first energy storage connection and a second energy storage connection protrude out of the housing. Furthermore, a first electrical switching path S1 is between a bistable Relay and a first protruding from the housing signal line for connection to a mechanical actuator, such as a changeover switch or button. According to the invention, a second electrical switching path S2 is further provided between the bistable relay and a second signal line projecting from the housing for connection to an actuator, such as a mechanical changeover switch or a pushbutton, wherein a respective stable switching state of the bistable relay either via one or the other switching path can be produced by actuation with the actuator, whereby at least two surface-trained switching contact pairs of the relay are simultaneously brought into a contacting or simultaneously spaced, ie separated position, wherein more preferably, the distance of the contact pairs in the separated position is the same ,

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the switching contact pairs of the relay are designed as cylindrical, frontally flat contacts (similar to a tablet form) with a substantially circular end contact surface.

It is further provided with advantage that the contacting or separating the switching contact pairs by means of position change of a symmetrically constructed rocker switch, which is connected to a permanent magnetic armature rock, takes place. Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the load path has a course as follows: from a static contact of the relay first to a movable contact pad on the contact pad (first contact pair) via a substantially z-shaped rocker assembly to the second contact on the contact rocker to the likewise static mating contact (second contact pair).

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, provision is made for hen, that four pairs of contacts are provided which consist of preferably formed at symmetrically arranged positions of contacts on the contact rocker and the respective corresponding positions of the mating contact elements. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that in each case a protective device is provided in the first and second switching path, which prevent bouncing and overload in the relay when switching the relay. For this purpose, it can be provided that the protective device in each case comprises a deburring device, preferably a low-pass filter or a hardware-side locking logic.

It is further provided in a preferred embodiment that the respective protection device further comprises a respective semiconductor switching device, preferably a MOSFET whose gate is connected to one of the signal lines and whose drain-source path is arranged in the respective switching path.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first energy storage connection is directly connected to at least one contact (preferably a static contact) of the switching contact pairs and / or the second energy storage connection is or are directly connected to another contact of the or the other switching contact pairs ,

It is further preferred if the two energy storage terminals respectively protrude through diametrically opposite side walls of the housing (11) through the respective housing wall and are formed as substantially flat connection tabs with a connection opening, which are linear or around a bending point upwards at an angle of bent away from the housing by about 90 °. As a result, a particularly compact design is achieved.

It is also provided with advantage that in the housing of the separation device, a cable feedthrough on an end face, the two

Housing wall connecting housing wall is provided through which project the signal lines. In this way, a free confectioning bare separation device can be realized, in particular by the cable lengths and designs can be adapted to the particular application accordingly.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the lines led out of the separating device are connected to a plug connector, so that simple assembly on site is possible, without the need for field assembly.

It is particularly advantageous if the switching paths are connected by means of the signal lines to an a- or bistable toggle switch or a push-button. Thus, from the location of the attachment of the actuator a safe separation of the load circuit can be made.

It is further preferred if, furthermore, a controller is provided, via which an operating state of the vehicle can be called up and the controller prevents or permits a separation by means of the separating device as a function of the detected operating state.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a power board network with DC loads of greater than 12 KW, preferably in a motor vehicle, equipped with a separator as described above, wherein the separator is connected via its energy storage terminals with at least one energy storage. Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

1a-1d show several views of an embodiment of a separating device according to the invention;

2 shows a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement of a separating device according to the invention, and FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the bistable relay of the circuit from FIG

Second

In the following, the invention will be explained in greater detail on the basis of a merely exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS. 1a-1d, 2 and 3, wherein identical reference symbols refer to the same functional and / or structural features.

Several views of an embodiment of a separating device 1 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d. The separation device 1 is used for multiple (at least 15 times) separating a load greater than 12 KW with a switching current of up to 1500 A in a DC voltage network.

The separating device 1 consists of a base 10 and an insulating housing 11, which is circumferentially closed in the present case, wherein inside the housing 11, the switching arrangement 20 shown in Figure 2 is provided. The housing 11 has a first side wall 11a and a diametrically opposite side wall 11b. The separation device 1 further comprises the two energy storage ports 31, 41, each protrude through the respective housing wall on the diametrically opposite side walls 11a, 11b of the housing 11.

The energy storage terminals 31, 41 are designed as substantially flat terminal tongues with a connection opening 31a, 41a in order to connect them to an energy store.

In the housing 11 of the separation device 1, a line bushing 12 is further provided on a front side, the two housing walls 11 a, 11 b connecting housing wall 11 c, project through the signal lines 32, 42. The length of the signal lines 32, 42 may vary depending on the requirement.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic principle illustration of a circuit arrangement 20. The circuit arrangement 20 comprises, on the one hand, a bistable relay 50.

A first electrical switching path S1 is provided between the bistable relay 50 and a first signal line 32 protruding from the housing 11, which is connected to a pushbutton 33 in this exemplary embodiment. Further, a second electrical switching path S2 between the bistable relay 50 and a second protruding from the housing 11 signal line 42 is provided, which is connected to the button 43. A respective stable switching state of the bistable relay 50 is then selectively via one or the other switching path S1, S2 by pressing the respective button 33, 43 produced, whereby at least two of the surface-formed switching contact pairs 55a, 55b and 56a shown in Figure 3, 56b of the relay 50 are each simultaneously brought into a contacting or spaced-apart position.

It can also be seen in FIG. 2 that in the first and second switching paths S1, S2 each have a protective device 34, 44 is provided, which prevent bounce and overload in the relay 50 when switching the relay.

The protective devices 34, 44 in this case comprise a low-pass filter 36, 46 and in each case a semiconductor switching module, preferably one

MOSFET 37, 47 whose gate G is connected to one of the signal lines 32,

42 is connected and whose drain-source path RDS in the respective switching path S1, S2 is arranged, which leads to the relay 50 in order to switch the relay 50 can.

FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the bistable relay 50 of the circuit 20 from FIG. The two switching contact pairs 55a, 55b and 56a, 56b of the relay 50 are formed as cylindrical, front side flat contacts 55, 56 with a substantially circular end contact surface 55c, 56c. Contacting or disconnecting the switch contact pairs 55a, 55b and 56a, 56b is effected by a switching pulse triggered by one of the buttons 33, 43 by means of position change of a symmetrically constructed rocker switch 54 which is connected to a permanent magnet armature rocker 58, which depends on the switching pulse of the button 33rd .

43 changes to its open or closed position.

The first energy storage connection 31 is directly connected to the static contact of the two switching contact pairs 55a, 55b. The second energy storage connection 41 is directly connected to the further static contact, namely the other switching contact pair 56a, 56b.

2, a control 60 is provided, via which an operating state (eg the state of the ignition, driving state and the like) of the vehicle can be retrieved and the controller 60 depending on the detected operating state z. B. vehicle, a separation by means of the separator 1 permits or z. Ignition on and vehicle in Driving operation, a separation by means of the separator 1 prevented.

The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use.

Claims

claims

1. disconnecting device (1) designed for repeatedly disconnecting a load greater than 12 KW of a DC electrical system from an energy store (2) of a motor vehicle consisting of a base (10) and an insulating housing (11), wherein within the housing (11) a switching arrangement (20) is provided and from the housing (11) a first energy storage terminal (31) and a second energy storage port (41) protrudes, further comprising a first electrical switching path (S1) between a bistable relay (50) and a first of the Housing (11) projecting signal line (32) for connection to a mechanical changeover switch or pushbutton (33) and a second electrical switching path (S2) between the bistable relay (50) and a second of the housing (11) projecting signal line (42) for Connection with the mechanical change-over switch or a push-button (43) are provided, wherein furthermore a respective stable switching state of the bistable relay (50) wahlwe Ise on one or the other switching path (S1, S2) by pressing a switch or button (33) can be produced whereby at least two flat switch contact pairs (55a, 55b and 56a, 56b) of the relay (50) each simultaneously in a contacting or be brought to each other spaced position.

2. Separating device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching contact pairs (55a, 55b and 56a, 56b) of the relay (50) as a cylindrical, front side flat contacts (55, 56) having a substantially circular end contact surface (55c, 56c) are formed.

3. Separating device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contacting or separating the switching contact pairs (55a, 55b and 56a, 56b) by means of change in position of a symmetrically constructed rocker switch (54), which with a permanent-magnetic armature rocker (58 ) is connected.

4. Separating device (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the first and second switching path (S1, S2) each have a protective device (34, 44) is provided which bounce and overload in the relay (50) when switching of the relay prevented.

5. Separating device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the protective device (34, 44) comprises a deburring device, preferably a low-pass filter or a hardware-side locking logic.

6. Separating device (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the respective protective device (34, 44) each further comprises a semiconductor switching device, preferably a MOSFET whose gate (G) connected to one of the signal lines (32, 42) is and whose drain-source path (RDS) in the respective switching path (S1, S2) is arranged.

7. Separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first energy storage connection (31) with a contact of the two switching contact pairs (55a, 55b and 56a, 56b) is directly connected and / or the second energy storage connection (41) a contact of the other switching contact pair (55a, 55b and 56a, 56b) is directly connected.

8. Separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two energy storage terminals (31, 41) respectively on diametrically opposite side walls (11 a, 11 b) of the housing (11) by the respective

Housing wall (11 a, 11 b) protrude and as substantially flat connection tabs with a connection opening (31 a, 41 a) are formed.

9. Separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the housing (11) of the separating device has a line feedthrough (12) on a front side, the two housing walls (11 a, 11 b) connecting housing wall (11 c) through which the signal lines (32, 42) protrude.

10. Separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching paths (S1, S2) by means of the signal lines (32, 42) with an a- or bistable toggle switch or a button (33) are connected.

11. Separating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that furthermore a control (60) is provided, via which an operating state of the vehicle is retrievable and the controller (60) depending on the detected operating state, a separation by means of the separating device (1 ) prevented or allowed.

12. Power electrical system with DC loads greater than 12 KW, preferably in a motor vehicle, equipped with a separator (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, wherein the separator (1) via its energy storage terminals (31, 41) with at least one energy storage ( 2) is bound.