WO2018098673A1 - 一种双极型vsc-hvdc和upfc混合拓扑结构及其运行方法 - Google Patents

一种双极型vsc-hvdc和upfc混合拓扑结构及其运行方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018098673A1
WO2018098673A1 PCT/CN2016/107964 CN2016107964W WO2018098673A1 WO 2018098673 A1 WO2018098673 A1 WO 2018098673A1 CN 2016107964 W CN2016107964 W CN 2016107964W WO 2018098673 A1 WO2018098673 A1 WO 2018098673A1
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Prior art keywords
control circuit
circuit
vsc
control
upfc
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PCT/CN2016/107964
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李鹏
林金娇
孔祥平
高磊
黄浩声
弓新月
袁宇波
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/107964 priority Critical patent/WO2018098673A1/zh
Priority to US15/738,105 priority patent/US10141743B2/en
Publication of WO2018098673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098673A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via high-voltage DC [HVDC] links; Arrangements for transfer of electric power between generators and networks via HVDC links
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators, e.g. thyristor-controlled series capacitors [TCSC]
    • H02J3/1814—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators, e.g. thyristor-controlled series capacitors [TCSC] having reactive elements actively controlled by bridge converters, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC] or controlled series voltage compensators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of flexible AC/DC transmission, and particularly relates to a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology and a running method thereof.
  • VSC voltage source converter
  • Flexible DC transmission systems generally use two-terminal or multi-terminal VSC DC parallel topology, and the AC side is connected to the power system through the transformer in parallel.
  • Unified Power Flow Controller is the highest level of FACTs technology. VSC control can realize flexible control of multiple electrical parameters, realize accurate adjustment of line active and reactive power, and system reactive voltage control. .
  • the UPFC generally adopts two VSC DC side back-to-back connection modes. One end of the VSC is connected to the power grid, and one end of the VSC is connected to the power grid through a series transformer.
  • the present invention provides a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology and its operation method, which combines the functions and advantages of VSC-HVDC and UPFC, and has the capability of flexible DC engineering high-power long-distance power transmission. It also has the function of UPFC to regulate the distribution of AC grid power flow, and adopts bipolar structure combined with operation strategy to improve system operation flexibility and availability, which can realize flexible switching of equipment failure operation mode and full utilization of equipment capability.
  • a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology includes a first control circuit, a second control circuit, a DC line, and a third control circuit; the first control circuit is a two-loop structure for serial connection as a UPFC
  • the side circuit comprises a series side positive circuit and a series side negative circuit, wherein the series side positive circuit and the series side negative circuit each comprise a series VSC converter and a series transformer, and further comprises a VSC converter and a series transformer.
  • Thyristor bypass The switch, the bypass switch (preferably a fast mechanical bypass switch), the resistor, the series side positive circuit and the VSC converter in the series side negative circuit do bipolar operation, and the positive and negative poles of the first control circuit respectively pass the DC open circuit
  • the second control circuit includes a positive circuit and a negative circuit, wherein the positive circuit and the negative circuit both include a parallel transformer, a VSC converter, and a VSC converter in the positive circuit and the negative circuit for bipolar operation.
  • the grounding pole is disposed, and the positive and negative poles of the second control circuit are respectively connected to the DC bus through the DC circuit breaker; the structure of the third control circuit is the same as that of the second control circuit; one end of the DC line is connected to the DC bus through the DC circuit breaker; The other end of the DC line is connected to the positive and negative poles of the third control circuit through a DC breaker.
  • the VSC converters in the first control circuit and the second control circuit share a common ground.
  • the first control circuit and the VSC inverter in the second control circuit share a DC bus, coupled back to back.
  • the series side transformer of the series side positive circuit and the series side negative circuit are connected to the alternating current line through a bypass switch.
  • a method for operating a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Control the operating states of the first control circuit, the second control circuit, the DC line, and the third control circuit in the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology to form a set circuit system;
  • Step 2 respectively controlling the first control circuit, the second control circuit, and the third control circuit in the set circuit system according to the set control strategy.
  • the circuit system set in the first step is specifically the following four types:
  • the first control circuit, the second control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are all operated to form a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system;
  • the first control circuit does not operate; the second control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are both operated to form a bipolar VSC-HVDC system;
  • the first control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are both operated; the second control circuit does not operate to form a generalized UPFC system.
  • the step 2 is specifically:
  • the second control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed;
  • the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy.
  • the line has active and reactive power control;
  • the third active control circuit is controlled by the fixed active power control strategy, and the reactive voltage adjustment of the alternating current system is performed at the same time;
  • the second control circuit is controlled by the constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is performed at the same time;
  • the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy, and the line active and reactive power control is performed, and the third The VSC converters in the control circuit are all locked and stopped.
  • the second control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed;
  • the third control circuit is controlled by the fixed active power control strategy, and the communication is simultaneously performed.
  • the system reactive voltage is adjusted; the VSC converter in the first control circuit is locked and stopped, and the corresponding bypass switch is closed;
  • the third DC control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed; the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy to perform line active and reactive power control; In the second control circuit, the VSC converters are all blocked and stopped.
  • the invention provides a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology and an operation method thereof, and combines the functions and advantages of the VSC-HVDC and the UPFC, and has the capability of high-power long-distance power transmission of a flexible DC project, and also has UPFC adjustment.
  • the function of AC power flow distribution, and the use of bipolar structure combined with operational strategies to improve system operation Activity and availability, flexible switching of equipment failure modes, and full utilization of equipment capabilities.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the system operation after the zone 3 positive fault trip in the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the system operation after the positive fault trip of the region 4 in the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the system operation after the positive fault trip of the zone 1 in the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the system operation after the zone 2 positive fault trip in the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid system;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the UPFC system
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the bipolar VSC-HVDC system
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the generalized UPFC system.
  • Modular Multilevel Converter makes it a typical representative, which also makes power electronics technology
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • flexible DC transmission devices and UPFCs are generally constructed and operated independently.
  • UPFC power transmission and power flow adjustment a new topology is adopted to achieve flexibility.
  • the joint construction, centralized operation and coordinated control of DC and UPFC will have important economic and technical significance.
  • a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology includes a first control circuit, a second control circuit, a DC line, and a third control circuit;
  • the first control circuit is a two-circuit line structure for use as a UPFC series side circuit
  • the first control circuit is a two-circuit line structure for use as a UPFC series side circuit, including a series side positive circuit and a series side negative circuit.
  • the series side positive circuit and the series side negative circuit each comprise a series VSC inverter and a series transformer, further comprising The thyristor bypass switch between the VSC converter and the series transformer, the fast mechanical bypass switch, the resistor, the series side positive circuit and the VSC converter in the series side negative circuit do bipolar operation
  • the first control circuit is positive
  • the negative poles are respectively connected to the DC bus through a DC circuit breaker; the first control circuit is used to respectively control the power flow of the two AC lines.
  • the series side positive circuit and the series transformer in the series side negative circuit are connected to the alternating current line through a bypass switch.
  • the second control circuit includes a positive circuit and a negative circuit, and the positive circuit and the negative circuit respectively include a parallel transformer in series, a VSC converter, and a VSC converter in the positive circuit and the negative circuit are bipolar running, and the configuration is performed.
  • There is a grounding pole that is, the negative pole of each VSC converter is grounded
  • the positive and negative poles of the second control circuit are respectively connected to the DC bus through the DC circuit breaker;
  • the second control circuit of the present invention can be used as the parallel side of the UPFC, It can be used as one end of a bipolar VSC-HVDC system (flexible DC transmission system). The purpose can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the structure of the third control circuit is the same as that of the second control circuit; the third control circuit can be used as the parallel side of the UPFC or the other end of the bipolar VSC-HVDC system (flexible direct current transmission system). The purpose can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the structure of the third control circuit is the same as that of the second control circuit; one end of the DC line is connected to the DC bus through a DC breaker; the other end of the DC line is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the third control circuit through a DC breaker, respectively.
  • the first control circuit and each of the VSC inverters in the second control circuit share a common ground.
  • the first control circuit shares a DC bus with the VSC converter in the second control circuit and is coupled back to back.
  • each VSC inverter in the UPFC series side circuit shares a ground electrode with each VSC inverter in the second control circuit (first UPFC parallel side circuit).
  • the first control circuit and the second control circuit form a two-line UPFC operation mode; the second control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit form a two-terminal flexible DC transmission system, and the topology can be directly extended to multi-terminal bipolar flexibility
  • the direct current transmission system therefore, the first control circuit, the second control circuit, the direct current line and the third control circuit together constitute a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid transmission system.
  • a method for operating a bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC hybrid topology includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Control an operating state of the first control circuit, the second control circuit, the DC line, and the third control circuit in the hybrid topology based on the bipolar VSC-HVDC and the UPFC to form a set circuit system;
  • Step 2 respectively controlling the first control circuit, the second control circuit, and the third control circuit in the set circuit system according to the set control strategy.
  • the circuit system set in the first step is specifically the following four types:
  • the first control circuit, the second control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are all operated to form a hybrid system of bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC;
  • the first control circuit does not operate; the second control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are both operated to form a bipolar VSC-HVDC system;
  • the first control circuit, the DC line and the third control circuit are both operated; the second control circuit does not operate to form a generalized UPFC system.
  • the second step is specifically as follows:
  • the second control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed;
  • the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy.
  • Line active and reactive power control using the fixed active power control strategy to control the third control circuit, and simultaneously performing reactive voltage regulation of the AC system; see Figure 2;
  • FIG. 1 in FIG. 1 represents a second control circuit
  • 2 represents a first control circuit
  • 3 represents a DC line
  • 4 represents a third control circuit
  • the fault pole VSC in the lock 4 is blocked by the protection action, and the fault DC circuit breaker is jumped.
  • the two VSCs in 1 are continuously operated to control the DC voltage, and the VSC-HVDC system transmits the power in a single pole.
  • the VSC continuously runs to control the power of the two loops. The operation is shown in Figure 4.
  • the second control circuit is controlled by the constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is performed at the same time;
  • the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy, and the line active and reactive power control is performed, and the third The VSC converters in the control circuit are all locked and stopped.
  • the circuit system is a UPFC system
  • the same strategy as that of the hybrid system of the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC is used for fault isolation.
  • the second control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed;
  • the third control circuit is controlled by the fixed active power control strategy, and the communication is simultaneously performed.
  • System reactive voltage regulation; the VSC converter in the first control circuit is locked and stopped, and the corresponding bypass switch is closed; the operation is shown in Figure 8;
  • the circuit system is a bipolar VSC-HVDC system
  • the bipolar VSC-HVDC system fails, the same strategy as that of the hybrid system of the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC is used for fault isolation.
  • the third DC control circuit is controlled by a constant DC voltage control strategy, and the reactive voltage regulation of the AC system is simultaneously performed;
  • the first control circuit is controlled by the line power control strategy to perform line active and reactive power control;
  • the VSC converters are all locked and stopped, and the operation is shown in Figure 9.
  • the circuit system is a generalized UPFC system
  • the generalized UPFC system fails, the same strategy as that of the hybrid system of the bipolar VSC-HVDC and UPFC is used for fault isolation.
  • the present invention can simultaneously take into consideration the functions and advantages of the VSC-HVDC and the UPFC, and has the capability of high-power long-distance power transmission of the VSC-HVDC project, and also has the function of adjusting the power flow distribution of the AC power grid by the UPFC, and adopts a bipolar structure. Combined with the operation strategy to improve system operation flexibility and availability, flexible switching of equipment failure operation modes and full utilization of equipment capabilities can be realized.

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Abstract

一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构及其运行方法，其中第一控制电路包括串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路，且串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行；第二控制电路包括正极电路和负极电路，第二控制电路包括正极电路和负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行；第三控制电路的结构与第二控制电路相同；第二控制电路中的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；直流线路的另一端与第三控制电路通过直流断路器连接。基于上述混合拓扑结构可实现多种运行策略及快速转换，包括：VSC-HVDC及UPFC混合运行、UPFC运行、VSC-HVDC运行、广义UPFC运行，具备VSC-HVDC大功率远距离功率传输的能力和UPFC调节交流电网潮流分布的功能，提高系统运行灵活性和可用率。

Description

一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构及其运行方法 技术领域
本发明属于柔性交直流输电技术领域，具体涉及一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构及其运行方法。
背景技术
目前，大容量远距离直流输电的技术和工程应用领域取得了突破性进展，为能源资源的优化配置发挥了重要作用。随着全控型开关器件的出现与成熟，以电压源型换流器(Voltage Source Converter，VSC)为核心部件的柔性直流技术成为直流输配电领域重要的发展方向，其可以提供更好的供电可靠性和系统冗余性，以及适应性更强的供电模式、灵活和安全的潮流控制等，能有效改善新能源对电网安全稳定运行的影响。柔性直流输电系统一般采用两端或多端VSC直流并联拓扑结构，交流侧通过变压器并联接入电力系统。
现代电网规模和负荷不断增加，交流电网潮流和电压控制难度逐渐增大；同时，由于土地资源稀缺、环保要求增强等因素，新建变电站及线路受到越来越大的制约。采用新技术充分发挥现有电网的潜能需求变得愈发迫切，灵活交流输电技术(Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems，FACTS)为该问题的解决提供了重要手段。统一潮流控制器(Unified Power Flow Controller，UPFC)是目前FACTs技术的最高水平，通过VSC控制能够对多个电气参数实现柔性控制，实现线路有功和无功功率的准确调节，系统无功电压控制控制。UPFC一般采用两个VSC直流侧背靠背联接的方式，一端VSC并接入电网，一端VSC通过串联变压器串接入电网中。
发明内容
为了达到上述目的，本发明提出一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构及其运行方法，综合了VSC-HVDC和UPFC的功能和优点，具备柔性直流工程大功率远距离功率传输的能力，也具备UPFC调节交流电网潮流分布的功能，并采用双极结构结合运行策略提高系统运行灵活性和可用率，可实现设备故障运行方式的灵活切换，以及设备能力的充分利用。
实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构，包括第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路；所述第一控制电路为两回线结构，用于作为UPFC串联侧电路，包括串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路，其中串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路均包括串联的VSC换流器和串联变压器，还包括设于VSC换流器和串联变压器之间的晶闸管旁路 开关、旁路开关(优选为快速机械旁路开关)、电阻器，串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，第一控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；所述第二控制电路包括正极电路和负极电路，其中正极电路和负极电路均包括并联变压器、VSC换流器，正极电路和负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，配置有接地极，第二控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；第三控制电路的结构与第二控制电路相同；直流线路的一端通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；直流线路的另一端分别通过直流断路器与第三控制电路的正负极连接。
作为优选方案，所述第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的各VSC换流器公用接地极。
作为优选方案，所述第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的VSC换流器共用直流母线，背靠背联接。
作为优选方案，所述串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路的串联变压器均通过旁路开关连接到交流线路中。
一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、控制双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构中第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路的运行状态，形成设定的电路系统；
步骤二、根据设定的控制策略分别控制设定的电路系统中的第一控制电路、第二控制电路和第三控制电路。
作为优选方案，所述步骤一中的设定的电路系统具体为以下四种：
1.1第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统；
1.2第一控制电路、第二控制电路运行；直流线路和第三控制电路不运行，形成UPFC系统；
1.3第一控制电路不运行；第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC系统；
1.4第一控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行；第二控制电路不运行，形成广义UPFC系统。
作为优选方案，所述步骤二具体为：
2.1当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；
2.2当电路系统为UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制，第三控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行；
2.3当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；第一控制电路中的VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行，对应的旁路开关合闸；
2.4当电路系统为广义UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；第二控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行。
作为优选方案，当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统时，当出现故障时，采用以下策略进行故障隔离：
(1)当故障发生在直流线路中，则通过保护动作跳出现故障的直流线路两侧直流断路器，并闭锁第三控制电路中与出现故障的直流电路相连的VSC换流器，第二控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(2)当故障发生在第三控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第三控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第二控制电路中两个VSC故障后持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(3)若故障在第二控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第二控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第三控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，且发生故障的VSC换流器的控制模式转为定直流电压控制，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(4)若故障在第一控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第一控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，同时合对应串联侧旁路开关，第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路持续运行。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提出一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构及其运行方法，综合了VSC-HVDC和UPFC的功能和优点，具备柔性直流工程大功率远距离功率传输的能力，也具备UPFC调节交流电网潮流分布的功能，并采用双极结构结合运行策略提高系统运行灵 活性和可用率，可实现设备故障运行方式的灵活切换，以及设备能力的充分利用。
附图说明
图1为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的结构图；
图2为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统运行示意图；
图3为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统中区域③正极故障跳闸后系统运行情况示意图；
图4为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统中区域④正极故障跳闸后系统运行情况示意图；
图5为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统中区域①正极故障跳闸后系统运行情况示意图；
图6为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统中区域②正极故障跳闸后系统运行情况示意图；
图7为UPFC系统运行示意图；
图8为双极型VSC-HVDC系统运行示意图；
图9为广义UPFC系统均运行示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
近年来，随着VSC技术从两电平、三电平等拓扑发展到多电平拓扑技术，其中模块化多电平(Modular Multilevel Converter，MMC)使其中的典型代表，这也使电力电子技术在高电压大功率输电领域得以推广应用。实际工程中，柔性直流输电装置和UPFC一般是独立建设与运行的，为了提高设备利用率、降低成本，同时充分发挥柔性直流和UPFC的功率传输和潮流调节的作用，采用新型的拓扑结构实现柔性直流和UPFC共同建设、集中运行、协调控制将有重要的经济和技术意义。
如图1所示，一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构，包括第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路；
所述第一控制电路为两回线结构，用于作为UPFC串联侧电路，所述第一控制电路为两回线结构，用于作为UPFC串联侧电路，包括串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路，其中串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路均包括串联的VSC换流器和串联变压器，还包括设于 VSC换流器和串联变压器之间的晶闸管旁路开关、快速机械旁路开关、电阻器，串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，第一控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；第一控制电路用于分别控制两回交流线路的潮流。所述串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路中的串联变压器通过旁路开关连接到交流线路中。
所述第二控制电路包括正极电路和负极电路，包括正极电路和负极电路均包括顺次串联的并联变压器、VSC换流器，正极电路和负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，配置有接地极(即将各VSC换流器的负极均接地)，第二控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；本发明的第二控制电路既可作为UPFC的并联侧，也可作为双极型VSC-HVDC系统(柔性直流输电系统)的一端。可以根据实际的情况来选择其用途。
第三控制电路的结构与第二控制电路相同；第三控制电路既可作为UPFC的并联侧，也可作为双极型VSC-HVDC系统(柔性直流输电系统)的另一端。可以根据实际的情况来选择其用途。
第三控制电路的结构与第二控制电路相同；直流线路的一端通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；直流线路的另一端分别通过直流断路器与第三控制电路的正负极连接。
所述第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的各VSC换流器公用接地极。
所述第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的VSC换流器共用直流母线，背靠背联接。
由图1可知，在本发明的优选实施例中，UPFC串联侧电路中的各VSC换流器与第二控制电路(第一UPFC并联侧电路)中的各VSC换流器共用接地极。第一控制电路和第二控制电路组成两回线UPFC运行方式；第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路构成两端双极柔性直流输电系统，该拓扑结构可以直接扩展至多端双极柔性直流输电系统，因此，第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路共同构成了双极型VSC-HVDC及UPFC混合输电系统。
一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、控制基于双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合拓扑结构中第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路的运行状态，形成设定的电路系统；
步骤二、根据设定的控制策略分别控制设定的电路系统中的第一控制电路、第二控制电路和第三控制电路。
所述步骤一中的设定的电路系统具体为以下四种：
1.1第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统；
1.2第一控制电路、第二控制电路运行；直流线路和第三控制电路不运行，形成UPFC 系统；
1.3第一控制电路不运行；第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC系统；
1.4第一控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行；第二控制电路不运行，形成广义UPFC系统。
所述步骤二具体为：
2.1当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；具体见图2；
当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统时，若混合系统出现故障，则采用以下策略进行故障隔离：
(1)当故障发生在直流线路中，则通过保护动作跳出现故障的直流线路两侧直流断路器，并闭锁第三控制电路中与出现故障的直流电路相连的VSC换流器，第二控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(2)当故障发生在第三控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第三控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第二控制电路中两个VSC故障后持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(3)若故障在第二控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第二控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第三控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，且发生故障的VSC换流器的控制模式转为定直流电压控制，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
(4)若故障在第一控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第一控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，同时合对应串联侧旁路开关，第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路持续运行。
下面结合图1以正极故障为例，详细说明按照上述策略进行故障隔离：
图1中的①代表第二控制电路，②代表第一控制电路，③代表直流线路，④代表第三控制电路；
若故障在③中，则通过保护动作跳故障的直流线路两侧直流断路器，并闭锁④中故障 极VSC，①中两个VSC故障后持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，②中VSC持续运行控制两回线的功率，运行示意如图3。
若故障在④中，则通过保护动作闭锁④中故障极VSC，并跳故障极直流断路器，①中两个VSC故障后持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，②中VSC持续运行控制两回线的功率，运行示意如图4。
若故障在①中，则通过保护动作闭锁①中故障极VSC，并跳故障极直流断路器，④中两个VSC故障后持续运行，且故障极控制模式转为定直流电压控制，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，②中VSC持续运行控制两回线的功率，运行示意如图5。
若故障在②中，则通过保护动作闭锁②中故障极VSC，并跳故障极直流断路器，同时合对应串联侧旁路开关，①③及④持续运行，运行示意如图6。
2.2当电路系统为UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制，第三控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行；
当电路系统为UPFC系统时，若UPFC系统出现故障，采用与双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统出现故障时相同的策略进行故障隔离。
2.3当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；第一控制电路中的VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行，对应的旁路开关合闸；运行示意如图8；
当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC系统时，若双极型VSC-HVDC系统出现故障，采用与双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统出现故障时相同的策略进行故障隔离。
2.4当电路系统为广义UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；第二控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行，运行示意如图9。
当电路系统为广义UPFC系统系统时，若广义UPFC系统出现故障，采用与双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统出现故障时相同的策略进行故障隔离。
综上所述，本发明可以同时兼顾VSC-HVDC和UPFC的功能和优点，具备VSC-HVDC工程大功率远距离功率传输的能力，也具备UPFC调节交流电网潮流分布的功能，并采用双极结构结合运行策略提高系统运行灵活性和可用率，可实现设备故障运行方式的灵活切换，以及设备能力的充分利用。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员 应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构，其特征在于：包括第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路；所述第一控制电路为两回线结构，用于作为UPFC串联侧电路，包括串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路，其中串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路均包括串联的VSC换流器和串联变压器，还包括设于VSC换流器和串联变压器之间的晶闸管旁路开关、机械旁路开关、电阻器，串联侧正极电路和串联侧负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，第一控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；所述第二控制电路包括正极电路和负极电路，其中正极电路和负极电路均包括并联变压器、VSC换流器，正极电路和负极电路中的VSC换流器做双极运行，配置有接地极，第二控制电路的正负极分别通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；第三控制电路的结构与第二控制电路相同；直流线路的一端通过直流断路器连接到直流母线；直流线路的另一端分别通过直流断路器与第三控制电路的正负极连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构，其特征在于：所述第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的各VSC换流器公用接地极。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构，其特征在于：第一控制电路与第二控制电路中的VSC换流器共用直流母线，背靠背联接。
  4. 一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、控制双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构中第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路的运行状态，形成设定的电路系统；
    步骤二、根据设定的控制策略分别控制设定的电路系统中的第一控制电路、第二控制电路和第三控制电路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中的设定的电路系统具体为以下四种：
    1.1第一控制电路、第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统；
    1.2第一控制电路、第二控制电路运行；直流线路和第三控制电路不运行，形成UPFC系统；
    1.3第一控制电路不运行；第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行，形成双极型VSC-HVDC系统；
    1.4第一控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路均运行；第二控制电路不运行，形成广义UPFC系统。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二具体为：
    2.1当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；
    2.2当电路系统为UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制，第三控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行；
    2.3当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第二控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用定有功功率控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；第一控制电路中的VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行，对应的旁路开关合闸；
    2.4当电路系统为广义UPFC系统时，采用定直流电压控制策略控制第三控制电路，同时进行交流系统无功电压调节；采用线路功率控制策略控制第一控制电路，进行线路有功无功控制；第二控制电路中VSC换流器均闭锁停止运行。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC混合拓扑结构的运行方法，其特征在于：当电路系统为双极型VSC-HVDC和UPFC的混合系统时，当出现故障时，采用以下策略进行故障隔离：
    (1)当故障发生在直流线路中，则通过保护动作跳出现故障的直流线路两侧直流断路器，并闭锁第三控制电路中与出现故障的直流电路相连的VSC换流器，第二控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
    (2)当故障发生在第三控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第三控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第二控制电路中两个VSC故障后持续运行，控制直流电压，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
    (3)若故障在第二控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第二控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，第三控制电路中的VSC换流器持续运行，且发生故障的VSC换流器的控制模式转为定直流电压控制，VSC-HVDC系统单极输送功率，第一控制电路中VSC换流器持续运行控制两回线的功率；
    (4)若故障在第一控制电路中，则通过保护动作闭锁第一控制电路中发生故障的VSC换流器，并跳与发生故障的VSC换流器相连的直流断路器，同时合对应串联侧旁路开关，第二控制电路、直流线路和第三控制电路持续运行。
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