WO2018090331A1 - 区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备 - Google Patents

区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018090331A1
WO2018090331A1 PCT/CN2016/106437 CN2016106437W WO2018090331A1 WO 2018090331 A1 WO2018090331 A1 WO 2018090331A1 CN 2016106437 W CN2016106437 W CN 2016106437W WO 2018090331 A1 WO2018090331 A1 WO 2018090331A1
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Prior art keywords
transaction
node
verification
blockchain
authorized
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PCT/CN2016/106437
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
骆磊
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深圳前海达闼云端智能科技有限公司
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Priority to CN201680002840.9A priority Critical patent/CN106797389A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/106437 priority patent/WO2018090331A1/zh
Publication of WO2018090331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090331A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0892—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities by using authentication-authorization-accounting [AAA] servers or protocols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3821—Electronic credentials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G06Q30/0609—Buyer or seller confidence or verification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1044—Group management mechanisms 
    • H04L67/1046—Joining mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular, to a blockchain network, an article transaction method, a device, and a node device.
  • the blockchain network is based on a P2P (Peer to Peer) network, and each P2P network node participating in transactions, block storage, block verification or forwarding is a node in a blockchain network. Data exchange between nodes is verified by digital signature technology, without mutual trust. As long as the rules are established according to the system, nodes cannot and cannot deceive other nodes.
  • P2P Peer to Peer
  • a blockchain is a data structure that is sequentially linked from a plurality of blocks containing data information from the back to the front, each block pointing to the previous block.
  • a new piece of data is generated, it is passed to the blockchain network by the node.
  • mining After being verified by a process called mining and added to a block, the data information becomes part of the blockchain.
  • Each block contains all the data that occurred from the previous block to the current time.
  • the present invention provides a blockchain network, an article transaction method, a device, and a node device.
  • the present invention provides an article transaction method comprising:
  • the verification result is sent to each authorized node, and the verification result is used for confirming or canceling the transaction of the preset item by each authorized node.
  • an article transaction apparatus comprising:
  • a first transaction request sending module configured to send a transaction request of a preset item to an authorized node in a blockchain involved in the preset item transaction
  • the transaction verification information receiving module is configured to respectively receive transaction verification information acquired by each authorized node according to the received transaction request;
  • a verification result obtaining module configured to obtain a verification result according to the transaction verification information
  • the sending module is configured to send the verification result to each authorized node, and the verification result is used for confirming or canceling the transaction of the preset item by each authorized node.
  • a node device including:
  • a memory for storing processor executable instructions
  • the processor is configured to: send a transaction request of a preset item to an authorized node in a blockchain involved in the preset item transaction; respectively receive a transaction acquired by each authorized node according to the received transaction request Verifying the information; obtaining the verification result according to the transaction verification information; and transmitting the verification result to each authorized node, where the verification result is used for each authorized node to confirm or cancel the transaction of the preset item.
  • a blockchain network including:
  • At least two blockchains each of which includes a plurality of authorized nodes having transaction rights of the same item
  • the same authorized node in two or more blockchains is a shared node
  • the shared node is configured to send a transaction request of a preset item to an authorized node in a blockchain involved in the preset item transaction, and respectively receive transaction verification obtained by each authorized node according to the received transaction request.
  • the information is sent to each authorized node according to the transaction verification information, and the verification result is used for confirming or canceling the transaction of the preset item by each authorized node.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer program executable by a programmable device, the computer program having a method for executing the article transaction described above when executed by the programmable device The code part.
  • a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising one or more programs for performing the above described item transaction method.
  • a node device comprising: the non-transitory computer readable storage medium described above; and one or more processors for executing a program in the non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include the following beneficial effects: forming a block by using a single type of article as a blockchain and a node in two or more blockchains as a common node.
  • the planar mesh structure reduces the length of a single blockchain and reduces the amount of data per node; it can improve the query efficiency of the blockchain; improve the aggregation and statistical efficiency of single-item items; improve concurrency; different items correspond differently
  • the blockchain in the process of transaction confirmation, obtains verification results through joint verification of nodes in multiple blockchains, thus ensuring transaction security and avoiding transactional out-of-synchronization or transaction loopholes in multiple blockchains. Improve the reliability of the transaction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an article transaction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a node device in a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network involved in an electronic ticket transaction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic ticket transaction process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an article transaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for an item transaction method, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the blockchain network 100 includes a plurality of nodes (node 101, node 103, node 104, node 105, node 107, node 109, ).
  • the nodes can be smart phones, tablets, servers, electronic devices with embedded systems, and the like.
  • the node comprises: a normal block chain node and an authorization node.
  • the authorized node has the transaction authority of the preset item given by the corresponding control center.
  • the authorization node may also have the attributes of a normal blockchain node.
  • the control center for example, an official server or node of an electronic ticket
  • each type of preset item is separately formed into a blockchain, and the authorized node of the preset item can participate in the transaction of the blockchain, block storage, block verification, block forwarding, and the like.
  • some authorized nodes in the network 100 can simultaneously obtain authorization of at least two control centers, whereby the authorized node can simultaneously participate in transaction, block storage, and block storage for a plurality of items.
  • Block verification, block forwarding, etc. store at least two blockchains.
  • the same authorized node in two or more blockchains acts as a shared node. Since the shared node has at least two blockchains, the shared node is adjacent to at least the middle nodes of the two blockchains.
  • node 103, node 105, node 107, and node 109 are all shared nodes. Nodes 103 are adjacent to node 101 and node 107 of blockchain 1, respectively, and node 103 is adjacent to node 104 and node 109 in blockchain 2.
  • the node 103 (common node) can receive the information broadcast by the node 101 or broadcast information to the node 101. Node 103 may also receive information broadcast by node 104 or broadcast information to node 104.
  • different blockchains can be generated for different items, the length of a single blockchain can be reduced, and the amount of data of a single node can be reduced; the query efficiency of the blockchain can be improved; Summary and statistical efficiency of class items; since multiple blockchains can be written simultaneously, improving concurrency.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an article transaction method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to a common node and includes the following steps:
  • step 201 a transaction request for a preset item is sent to an authorized node in a blockchain involved in the preset item transaction.
  • a transaction request is generated when there is an item transaction demand.
  • the transaction request includes: transaction item information, transaction information and transaction amount.
  • the information of both parties of the transaction includes: identity information, account information (including account balance, account name, etc.).
  • the transaction originator is a shared node that can publish transaction requests to neighboring nodes. These nodes adjacent to the shared node include nodes in different blockchains. The node that received the transaction request performs transaction verification.
  • step 202 transaction verification information acquired by each authorized node according to the received transaction request is respectively received.
  • the transaction request when the node performs transaction verification, if the node does not have the authority to process the transaction request, the transaction request may be discarded without forwarding and further verification, thereby reducing the amount of data processing.
  • Transaction verification may include verification of the following information: transaction amount, transaction item, and transaction information. Wherein, since the transaction authority of the item is authorized to the corresponding authorized node, the node can determine whether the authority to process the transaction request is available according to the transaction item in the transaction request.
  • the node after receiving the transaction request and determining that the node has the processing authority, the node further verifies the feasibility of the transaction. If the transaction request involves only transactions for a single item, only the nodes in a blockchain associated with it will verify the transaction request. For example, verify that the transaction item is valid and that the parties to the transaction are eligible. It should be understood that the verification of whether the transaction item is valid can be performed by querying the transaction record, obtaining the transaction record of the item from the block of the blockchain, and determining whether the item is valid according to the transaction record, for example, if the item has been traded, If the usage record or the item does not exist, the item is invalid; if the item has not been traded, and the usage record is not used, the item is valid.
  • the transaction request involves a transaction of two or more items
  • the transaction request will be verified separately by the nodes in the plurality of blockchains associated with the item.
  • the blockchain corresponding to the electronic ticket verifies the electronic ticket (for example, verifying whether the electronic ticket is valid), the area corresponding to the currency
  • the blockchain verifies the currency (for example, verifying that the payer's account balance is sufficient, whether the payee's account name is valid, etc.).
  • the transaction verification information is broadcasted, whereby the shared node can receive the transaction verification information.
  • Transaction verification information includes successful transaction verification or transaction verification failure.
  • step 203 the verification result is obtained based on the transaction verification information.
  • each authorized node In practice, the status of each authorized node is different, and there may be cases where some nodes cannot return verification information on time. If the authorized node is in an unresponsive state such as shutdown or crash, these authorized nodes will not return verification information.
  • the shared node stores the number of authorized nodes in the blockchain, and can determine, according to the received verification information, that the verification information is the proportion of authorized nodes that are successfully verified. It should be understood that The common node will also perform transaction verification, and obtain transaction verification information that the verification is successful or the verification fails, and since the shared node may involve two or more blockchains, when the transaction is verified, the items involved in the transaction will be Items with authorized permissions are verified.
  • the shared node obtains the number N1 of authorized authentication nodes and the authorized node that fails verification according to the verification information (in one embodiment) In the middle, the number of nodes that have not returned the verification information can also be used as the authorization node for verification failure. Therefore, if the proportion of the number of successfully verified nodes N1 is higher than a preset threshold (that is, the value of N1/N is higher than a preset threshold), the verification result of the blockchain is marked as successful verification; otherwise, The verification result of the blockchain is marked as verification failure.
  • the preset threshold may be between 90% and 95%.
  • step 204 the verification result is sent to each authorized node.
  • the shared node if the verification result of each blockchain involved in the transaction is marked as successful verification, the shared node broadcasts the verification result of the successful verification to the authorized node. In one embodiment, when the shared node broadcasts the verification result of the successful verification, the shared node carries both the number of authorized nodes for successful transaction verification and the number of authorized nodes for which transaction verification fails, so as to facilitate tracking of the problem.
  • the shared node broadcasts the verification result of the verification failure to the authorized node.
  • the shared node carries both the number of authorized nodes for successful transaction verification and the number of authorized nodes for which transaction verification fails.
  • each of the authorized nodes will receive M verification results. It should be understood that any shared node will also receive the verification results sent by other M-1 shared nodes, plus its own verification result, which also obtains M verification results.
  • the authorization node receives the verification result sent by the shared node, when the number of the shared nodes whose verification result is successful, exceeds the preset threshold ratio (such as 80%), the transaction is confirmed. If the number of successful shared nodes does not reach the preset threshold ratio (such as 80%), the transaction is canceled.
  • a node having a "miner" function in an authorized node confirms a transaction, it competes with each other by a preset algorithm (for example, a workload proof algorithm) running on a special hardware device.
  • a preset algorithm for example, a workload proof algorithm
  • the way to create a new block The "miner” who obtained the solution will put the result into the block header of the new block, and the block body of the new block contains transaction information (for example, transaction time, transaction amount, transaction item information, transaction information, etc.).
  • This new block is sent to all neighboring nodes of the "miners" who have obtained the solution. These nodes will continue to pass this block after receiving and verifying this new block.
  • each node adds the block to the blockchain copy of its own node.
  • the transaction request is issued by any authorized node (non-shared node) in a blockchain
  • the shared node that receives the transaction request The transaction request is sent to nodes in other blockchains involved in the default item transaction, such that the transaction request can be published to nodes in all of the blockchains involved.
  • different items correspond to different blockchains
  • the verification results are obtained through common verification of nodes in the plurality of blockchains, thereby ensuring the security of the transaction and avoiding Trading in multiple blockchains is out of sync or trading loopholes, improving the reliability of the transaction.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a node device in a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the node device 300 includes a processing component 301, a storage component 302, a communication component 303, and a power component 304.
  • Processing component 301 can further include one or more processors.
  • Storage component 302 is for storing instructions executable by processing component 1922, such as an application.
  • An application stored in storage component 302 can include one or more modules each corresponding to a set of instructions.
  • Storage component 302 is also used to store blockchains.
  • the processing component 301 is configured to execute instructions to perform the transaction method described above, perform transaction verification, generate new blocks, and the like.
  • the power component 304 is configured to perform power management of the node device 300.
  • the communication component 303 is configured to connect the node device 300 to the network for communication.
  • the node device 300 can operate based on an operating system stored in the storage component 302, such as Windows ServerTM, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM or the like.
  • a transaction process of an electronic ticket is taken as an example to describe a transaction process of a multi-block chain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Since the transaction of the electronic ticket involves two kinds of virtual items, the electronic ticket and the currency, it is necessary to involve the electronic ticket blockchain and the currency blockchain.
  • the control center 400 of the electronic ticket determines a plurality of authorized nodes by means of authorization or receiving node registration.
  • Each of these authorization nodes (402, 404, 406, ...) participates in the storage, forwarding, block establishment, etc. of the electronic ticket blockchain.
  • the information in the electronic ticket, the transaction record, and the like are recorded in the block in the electronic ticket block chain.
  • the control center 400 may not be a node in the blockchain, which sends the determined generation policy of the electronic ticket to each authorized node in a point-to-point or broadcast manner.
  • Each authorized node generates an electronic ticket according to the generation policy.
  • the generation strategy of the electronic ticket may include: initial information, generation time, and number of generated sheets.
  • the generation strategy of an electronic ticket is: the generation time is 18:00 every Friday; the number of generated sheets is 50,000; the initial information includes: the unique name of the use location (for example, Shanghai Disney), the unique ticket number of the place (for example , 2016080000001), ticket type (for example, adult ticket), expiration date (for example, August 31, 2016), and transaction price (for example, ⁇ 499).
  • Each authorized node adds 50,000 structures at the set generation time according to the generation policy, and each structure includes the above initial information.
  • each authorized node holds information on 50,000 e-tickets. It should be understood that the information of the 50,000 electronic tickets may be stored in the local storage space of each authorized node, or the authorized node may store the information of the electronic ticket through the newly generated plurality of blocks.
  • control center 401 of the currency determines a plurality of nodes by means of authorization or receiving node registration, and each of the nodes (403, 405, 407, ...) participates in the storage, forwarding, and area of the currency blockchain. Block building and so on. Account information and transaction records are recorded in the currency blockchain.
  • the control center 401 creates a block for each user for recording his account information.
  • Account information may include: account name, account balance, and the like.
  • the control center 401 can send the account information to each authorized node, so that the account information of each user is stored in each authorized node.
  • node 402 and node 405 are the common nodes of the two blockchains.
  • the two parties to the transaction are User 1 and User 2, wherein User 1 is the owner of Electronic Ticket A, User 2 is the purchaser of Electronic Ticket A, User 2 is the payer, and User 1 is the payee.
  • the user participating in the transaction of the item is an authorized node in the blockchain, that is, the user 1 is an authorized node in the electronic ticket block chain, and the user 2 is an authorized node in the currency block chain. .
  • step 501 the transaction originating node issues a transaction request.
  • the transaction initiating node when the transaction request is issued, the transaction initiating node generates a transaction data packet according to a preset transaction data format, and digitally signs the transaction data packet by using a private key, and then broadcasts the digitally signed transaction data packet.
  • the transaction request includes: information of the electronic ticket of the transaction, information of both parties to the transaction, and the transaction amount.
  • the transaction initiator can be a shared node in the blockchain or a non-shared node.
  • the transaction request can be simultaneously broadcast to the node in the electronic ticket blockchain and the node in the currency blockchain; when it is a non-shared node, the transaction request is broadcast to the blockchain in which it is located.
  • the node in the node receives the shared node of the transaction request and broadcasts it to the node in the other blockchain.
  • the nodes in both blockchains will receive the transaction request issued by the transaction initiator.
  • step 502 the electronic ticket blockchain and the authorized node in the currency blockchain respectively verify the transaction request.
  • Each authorization node (including the shared node) verifies the transaction request.
  • the transaction amount, the transaction item, the transaction party information, etc. in the transaction request are respectively verified to determine the feasibility of the transaction.
  • the nodes in the electronic ticket block chain verify the electronic ticket information involved in the transaction to determine whether the electronic ticket is valid. Specifically, at the time of verification, the information of the electronic ticket stored in the authorization node and the transaction record may be queried according to the identifier of the electronic ticket of the transaction (for example, the code or the ticket number, etc.) to determine whether the electronic ticket is valid.
  • the nodes in the electronic ticket block chain can also verify the legality of the buyer according to the identity information in the information of the transaction parties. For example, a match is made based on the age of the purchaser and the purchase age of the transaction e-ticket to determine if the purchaser is legitimate.
  • the nodes in the currency blockchain verify the account information of both parties to the transaction, for example, according to the purchaser.
  • account information determine whether the account balance is sufficient
  • account information of the electronic ticket provider User 1
  • step 503 the verification result is obtained according to the transaction verification information of the transaction request by the authorized node in each blockchain.
  • Messages are broadcast after the node verification in both blockchains is completed.
  • the shared nodes in the two blockchains collect the verification information in the two blockchains at the same time. For example, there are 2,500 authorized nodes in the electronic ticket blockchain, 5000 authorized nodes in the currency blockchain, and 1,500 shared nodes in the two blockchains.
  • the broadcast message in the electronic ticket blockchain is 2300 successful, 5 failures (possibly the node is maliciously controlled or the information is tampered with, etc.), and 195 No message returned (may be in an unresponsive state such as shutdown or crash); broadcast messages in the currency blockchain are 4700 successful, 12 failed (possibly nodes are maliciously controlled or information has been tampered with, etc.), 288 are not returned Message (may be in an unresponsive state such as a shutdown or a crash).
  • Each shared node calculates the verification result of the strip block chain respectively. If the number of successfully verified nodes in a blockchain is greater than or equal to a preset threshold (for example, 95%), the blockchain is marked as verified successfully. And record the number of successful and failed messages. Otherwise, if the number of successfully verified nodes is less than the preset threshold, the blockchain is marked as failed for verification.
  • a preset threshold for example, 95%)
  • Each shared node broadcasts a two-way verification success message to two blockchains (both carrying the number of successful and failed messages in the two blockchains) when both blockchains are marked as successful.
  • the two-way verification failure message is broadcast to the two blockchains (the number of successful and failed messages in the two blockchains is also carried).
  • each authorized node confirms or cancels the transaction based on the received verification result.
  • the shared node exceeding a certain preset threshold ratio (such as 80%) sends the two-way verification success information
  • the transaction is confirmed, and the nodes in the two blockchains simultaneously process the transaction. If the two-way verification success message does not reach the preset threshold ratio (such as 80%), the transaction is cancelled.
  • the "miner" node in the blockchain competes for the generation rights of the new block.
  • the transaction is finally completed, that is, the user 2 becomes the owner of the electronic ticket A, and the user 1 receives the payment from the user 2.
  • the above item transaction method it is possible to complete a problem transaction only when the shared node data exceeding the threshold ratio is controlled, or the number of authorized nodes exceeding a preset ratio is exceeded, and this is a probability pole in the blockchain. Low, so that the security of the transaction can be guaranteed.
  • the block forms a planar network structure, and the length of the single blockchain is reduced. Reduce the amount of data per node; improve the query efficiency of blockchain; improve the aggregation and statistical efficiency of single-item items; improve concurrency (multiple blockchains can handle different transactions at the same time).
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an article transaction apparatus.
  • the apparatus 600 is applicable to a common node, including:
  • the first transaction request sending module 601 is configured to send a transaction request of the preset item to the authorized node in the blockchain involved in the preset item transaction;
  • the transaction verification information receiving module 602 is configured to respectively receive transaction verification information acquired by each authorized node according to the received transaction request;
  • the verification result obtaining module 603 is configured to obtain the verification result according to the transaction verification information
  • the sending module 604 is configured to send the verification result to each authorized node, and the verification result is used for confirming or canceling the transaction of the preset item by each authorized node.
  • the verification result obtaining module 603 includes:
  • the obtaining sub-module 6031 is configured to obtain, according to the transaction verification information returned by the authorization node in a blockchain, the number of authorized nodes that are successfully verified, and the number of authorized nodes that fail to verify;
  • the marking sub-module 6032 is configured to mark the verification result of the blockchain as the verification success when the proportion of the authorized authentication node is higher than the preset threshold; the number of authorized nodes in the verification succeeds When the ratio is lower than the preset threshold, the verification result of the blockchain is marked as verification failure.
  • the sending module 604 includes:
  • the first sending submodule 6041 is configured to send a verification result of the verification success to the authorized node in each blockchain when the verification result of each blockchain involved in the transaction of the preset item is marked as successful verification ;
  • the second sending submodule 6042 is configured to send a verification result of the verification failure to the authorized node when the verification result of any of the blockchains involved in the transaction of the preset item is marked as verification failure.
  • the apparatus 600 further includes:
  • the transaction request receiving module 605 is configured to receive a transaction request of the preset item sent by any authorized node in a blockchain;
  • the second transaction request sending module 606 is configured to send the transaction request to an authorized node in another blockchain involved in the preset item transaction.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus 700 for an item transaction method, which may be a node device, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the apparatus 700 can include a processor 701, a memory 702, a multimedia component 703, an input/output (I/O) interface 704, and a communication component 705.
  • the processor 701 is configured to control the overall operation of the apparatus 700 to complete all or part of the steps of the foregoing item transaction method.
  • the memory 702 is for storing operating systems, various types of data to support operations at the apparatus 700, such as may include instructions for any application or method operating on the apparatus 700, and application related data.
  • the memory 702 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as a static random access memory (SRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory ( Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, disk or optical disk.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • ROM Read Only
  • the multimedia component 703 can include a screen and an audio component.
  • the screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and/or input an audio signal.
  • the audio component can include a microphone for receiving an external audio signal.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in memory 702 or transmitted via communication component 705.
  • the audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting an audio signal.
  • the I/O interface 704 provides an interface between the processor 701 and other interface modules.
  • the other interface modules may be keyboards, mice, buttons, and the like. These buttons can be virtual buttons or physical buttons.
  • Communication component 705 is used for wired or wireless communication between the device 700 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G or 4G, or a combination of one or more of them, so the corresponding communication component 705 can include: Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth module, NFC module.
  • the device 700 may be configured by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and digital signal processing devices (Digital Signal Processors).
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • Digital Signal Processors Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPD Processing Device
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • controller microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic components Used to execute the above item trading method.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer program executable by a programmable device, the computer program having when executed by the programmable device A portion of the code used to perform the above described item transaction method.
  • non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions, such as a memory 702 comprising instructions executable by processor 701 of apparatus 700 to perform the above described item transaction method .
  • the non-transitory computer readable storage medium can be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device.

Abstract

一种区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备，其中，所述方法包括：将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点（201）；分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息（202）；根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果（203）；将验证结果发送给各个授权节点（204），所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。不同的物品对应不同的区块链，在交易确认过程中，通过多条区块链中节点的共同验证，得到验证结果，从而保证了交易的安全性；降低单条区块链的长度，降低每个节点的数据量；可提高区块链的查询效率；提高单类物品的汇总和统计效率；提高并发性。

Description

区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备 技术领域
本发明涉及区块链技术领域，尤其涉及一种区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备。
背景技术
目前，区块链技术正在越来越广泛的被应用，不管是货币，虚拟物品，房产，股票等等都正在尝试用区块链来记录，使交易变得发明透明，去中心化。
区块链网络基于P2P(Peer to Peer，对等网络)网络，每个参与交易、区块存储、区块验证或转发的P2P网络节点都是一个区块链网络中的节点。节点之间数据交换通过数字签名技术进行验证，无需互相信任，只要按照系统既定的规则进行，节点之间不能也无法欺骗其它节点。
现有技术中，全区块链网络所有的数据信息(例如，交易记录、虚拟物品信息、房产信息、货币信息等)，都存储在唯一的区块链中。区块链由包含数据信息的多个区块从后向前有序链接起来的数据结构，每个区块都指向前一个区块。当一条新数据信息产生时，由节点传递至区块链网络后，只有被一个称为挖矿的过程验证且加到一个区块中之后，这个数据信息即成为区块链的一部分。每个区块中包含着从上一个区块产生到目前这段时间内发生的所有数据信息。
现有技术中，由于，只有一条区块链，随着时间的迁移，区块链的高度越来越高，从而导致查询、汇总效率低等问题。
发明内容
为克服相关技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种区块链网络、物品交易方法、装置及节点设备。
第一方面，本发明提供一种物品交易方法，包括：
将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；
分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；
根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；
将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
第二方面，提供一种物品交易装置，包括：
第一交易请求发送模块，被配置为将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；
交易验证信息接收模块，被配置为分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；
验证结果获取模块，被配置为根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；
发送模块，被配置为将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
第三方面，提供一种节点设备，包括：
处理器；
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
其中，所述处理器被配置为：将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
第四方面，提供一种区块链网络，包括：
至少两条区块链，每条区块链中包括多个具有相同物品的交易权限的授权节点；
两条或两条以上区块链中的相同授权节点为共有节点；其中，
所述共有节点，被配置为将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点，以及分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息，并根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果后发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
第五方面，提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包含能够由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序具有当由所述可编程的装置执行时用于执行上述物品交易方法的代码部分。
第六方面，提供一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，所述非临时性计算机可读存储介质中包括一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序用于执行上述物品交易方法。
第七方面，提供一种节点设备，包括：上述的非临时性计算机可读存储介质；以及一个或者多个处理器，用于执行所述非临时性计算机可读存储介质中的程序。
本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：通过将单类物品单独为一条区块链，且同在两条或多条区块链中的节点作为共有节点，使区块形成一个平面的网状结构，降低单条区块链的长度，降低每个节点的数据量；可提高区块链的查询效率；提高单类物品的汇总和统计效率；提高并发性；不同的物品对应不同的区块链，在交易确认过程中，通过多条区块链中节点的共同验证，得到验证结果，从而保证了交易的安全性，可避免多条区块链中的交易不同步或交易漏洞，提升交易的可靠性。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本发明。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本发明的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一实施例的区块链网络结构示意图；
图2是本发明一实施例的物品交易方法的流程示意图；
图3是本发明一实施例的一区块链中的节点设备的结构示意图；
图4是本发明一实施例的电子票交易涉及的区块链链网络的结构示意图；
图5是本发明一实施例的电子票交易流程示意图；
图6是本发明一实施例的物品交易装置的结构示意图；
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种用于物品交易方法的装置的框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
参见图1，为本发明一实施例的区块链网络结构示意图。
区块链网络100中包括多个节点(节点101、节点103、节点104、节点105、节点107、节点109、……)。节点可为智能电话、平板电脑、服务器、具有嵌入式系统的电子设备等。
在本发明的实施例中，节点包括：普通区块链节点和授权节点。其中，授权节点具有相应的控制中心赋予的预设物品的交易权限。在一些实施例中，授权节点还可具备普通区块链节点的属性。例如，对于电子门票这一预设物品，其控制中心(例如，电子门票的官方服务器或节点)可通过主动授权的方式，或者接收节点注册请求的方式，对可信任的节点进行授权，使其成为授权节点。
在本发明的实施例中，将每类预设物品单独形成一条区块链，该预设物品的授权节点可参与该区块链的交易、区块存储、区块验证、区块转发等。
在本发明的实施例中，网络100中的一些授权节点可同时获得至少两个控制中心的授权，由此，该授权节点可同时参与针对多个物品的区块链的交易、区块存储、区块验证、区块转发等工作，存储至少两条区块链。
在本发明的实施例中，两条或两条以上区块链中的相同授权节点作为共有节点。由于共有节点至少具有两条区块链，因此，共有节点至少与两条区块链的中节点相邻。参见图1，节点103、节点105、节点107和节点109均为共有节点。节点103分别与区块链1的节点101和节点107相邻，且节点103与区块链2中的节点104和节点109相邻。节点103(共有节点)可接收到节点101广播的信息，或向节点101广播信息。节点103还可接收到节点104广播的信息，或向节点104广播信息。
在本发明的实施例中，可实现针对不同的物品，生成不同的区块链，降低单条区块链的长度，且可降低单个节点的数据量；可提高区块链的查询效率；提高单类物品的汇总和统计效率；由于多条区块链可分别同时进行写入，提高并发性。
参见图2，为本发明一实施例的物品交易方法的流程示意图。该方法应用于共有节点，包括以下步骤：
在步骤201中，将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点。
当有物品交易需求时，产生交易请求。交易请求包括：交易物品信息、交易双方信息和交易金额等。交易双方信息包括：身份信息、账户信息(包括账户余额、账户名等)。
在本发明的一实施例中，交易发起方为共有节点，其可将交易请求发布到相邻的节点。这些与共有节点相邻的节点包括不同区块链中的节点。接收到交易请求的节点进行交易验证。
在步骤202中，分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息。
在一实施例中，当节点进行交易验证时，若节点不具备处理交易请求的权限，则可将交易请求丢弃，不进行转发和进一步的验证，从而减少数据处理量。交易验证可包括对以下信息的验证：交易金额、交易物品、交易双方信息。其中，由于物品的交易权限授权给了相应的授权节点，因此，节点可根据交易请求中的交易物品，确定是否具备处理该交易请求的权限。
在本发明的一实施例中，节点接收到交易请求，确定具有处理权限后，进一步对交易的可行性进行验证。若交易请求仅涉及到单一物品的交易，则只有与其相关的一条区块链中的节点会对该交易请求进行验证。例如，验证交易物品是否有效、交易双方是否符合条件。应理解，交易物品是否有效的验证可通过查询的交易记录的方式进行，从区块链的区块中获取物品的交易记录，根据交易记录确定物品是否有效，例如，若物品已被交易过、已有使用记录或者物品不存在等，则物品无效；物品未被交易过，且未有使用记录，则物品有效。
若交易请求涉及到两种或两种以上的物品的交易，则交易请求将分别由与物品相关的多条区块链中的节点分别进行验证。例如，对于电子票的交易，其涉及到电子票和货币这两种虚拟物品的交易，则电子票对应的区块链对电子票进行验证(例如，验证电子票是否有效)，货币对应的区块链对货币进行验证(例如，验证支付方的账户余额是否足够、收款方的账户名是否有效等)。
在本发明的实施例中，授权节点进行交易验证后，广播交易验证信息，由此，共有节点可接收到交易验证信息。交易验证信息包括交易验证成功或交易验证失败。
在步骤203中，根据交易验证信息，获取验证结果。
在实际中，各个授权节点的状况不同，可能存在某些节点并不能按时返回验证信息的情况。如授权节点处于关机或死机等无法响应的状态，则这些授权节点不会返回验证信息。共有节点，存储有所在区块链中的授权节点数量，其可根据接收到的验证信息，确定验证信息为验证成功的授权节点所占的比例。应理解， 共有节点也将进行交易验证，得到验证成功或验证失败的交易验证信息，且由于共有节点可涉及两条或两条以上的区块链，因此，其进行交易验证时，将对交易涉及的物品中其具有授权权限的物品均进行验证。
若共有节点所在的一区块链中有N个授权节点(包括该共有节点)，共有节点根据验证信息，获取验证成功的授权节点的个数N1，以及验证失败的授权节点(在一个实施例中，可将未返回验证信息的节点也作为验证失败的授权节点)的个数N2。由此，若验证成功的节点数N1所占的比例高于预设阈值(即N1/N的值高于预设阈值)，则该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证成功；否则，该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证失败。在一个实施例中，预设阈值可为90％～95％。
在步骤204中，将验证结果发送给各个授权节点。
在本发明的实施例中，若交易涉及的每条区块链的验证结果被标记为验证成功，则共有节点广播验证成功的验证结果给授权节点。在一个实施例中，共有节点在广播验证成功的验证结果时，同时携带交易验证成功的授权节点数和交易验证失败的授权节点数，以便于问题的追踪。
若有任一条区块链的验证结果被标记为验证失败，则共有节点广播验证失败的验证结果给授权节点。同样的，为了便于问题的追踪，在一个实施例中，共有节点在广播验证失败的信息时，同时携带交易验证成功的授权节点数和交易验证失败的授权节点数。
在本发明的实施例中，若一交易涉及的两条或两条以上的区块链中共有M个共有节点，则每个授权节点都将接收到M个验证结果。应理解，任一共有节点也将接收到其它M-1个共有节点发送的验证结果，再加上自己的验证结果，其也获得M个验证结果。为了确保交易的安全性，授权节点在接收到共有节点发送的验证结果时，在发送的验证结果为验证成功的共有节点的数量，超过预设阈值比例(如80％)时，则确认交易。而如果验证成功的共有节点的数量未达到预设阈值比例(如80％)，则取消交易。
在本发明的一实施例中，若授权节点中具有“矿工”功能的节点确认了交易，则其通过运行在特殊硬件设备上的预设算法(例如，工作量证明算法)，以相互竞争的方式创建新的区块。求得解的“矿工”，将结果放进新区块的区块头，而新区块的区块主体中包含交易信息(例如，交易时间、交易金额、交易物品信息、交易双方信息等)。该新区块被发送给求得解的“矿工”的所有相邻节点。这些节点在接收并验证这个新区块后，也会继续传递此区块。当该新区块所包含的交易有效，且计算结果正确时，每个节点将该区块加到自身节点的区块链副本中。
在本发明另一实施例中，若交易涉及到多条区块链，而交易请求是一区块链中的任一授权节点(非共有节点)发出的，则接收到交易请求的共有节点，将该交易请求发送给预设物品交易所涉及的其它区块链中的节点，使得交易请求可被发布到所涉及的所有区块链中的节点。
本发明实施例的交易方法，不同的物品对应不同的区块链，在交易确认过程中，通过多条区块链中节点的共同验证，得到验证结果，从而保证了交易的安全性，可避免多条区块链中的交易不同步或交易漏洞，提升交易的可靠性。
参见图3，为本发明一实施例的一区块链中的节点设备的结构示意图。该节点设备300包括：处理组件301、存储组件302、通信组件303和电源组件304。处理组件301可进一步包括一个或多个处理器。存储组件302用于存储可由处理组件1922的执行的指令，例如应用程序。存储组件302中存储的应用程序可以包括一个或一个以上的每一个对应于一组指令的模块。存储组件302还用于存储区块链。此外，处理组件301被配置为执行指令，以执行上述交易方法，进行交易验证、生成新区块等。
电源组件304被配置为执行节点设备300的电源管理。通信组件303被配置为将节点设备300连接到网络，进行通信。节点设备300可以操作基于存储在存储组件302中的操作系统，例如Windows ServerTM，Mac OS XTM，UnixTM,LinuxTM，FreeBSDTM或类似。
参见图4和图5，本发明一实施例中，以电子票的交易为例，对本发明实施例的多区块链的交易过程进行说明。由于电子票的交易涉及到电子票和货币两种虚拟物品，因此，需要涉及到电子票区块链和货币区块链。
参见图4，电子票的控制中心400，通过授权或接收节点注册的方式，确定多个授权节点。这些授权节点(402、404、406、……)中的每一个均参与电子票区块链的存储、转发、区块的建立等等。电子票区块链中的区块中记录有电子票的信息和交易记录等。
在一个实施例中，控制中心400可不为区块链中的节点，其将确定的电子票的生成策略，通过点对点或广播的方式发送到各授权节点。各授权节点根据生成策略进行电子票的生成。电子票的生成策略可包括：初始信息、生成时间和生成张数。例如，一电子票的生成策略为：生成时间为每周五18:00；生成张数为5万张；初始信息包括：使用地点唯一名称(例如，上海迪士尼)、此地点唯一票号(例如，2016080000001)、门票种类(例如，成人票)、有效期(例如，2016年8月31日)和交易价格(例如，￥499)等。
各授权节点根据生成策略，在设定的生成时间，添加5万个结构体，每个结构体中包含如上初始信息。由此，每个授权节点都保存了5万张电子票的信息。应理解，该5万张电子票的信息可存储到各个授权节点的本地存储空间，或者授权节点通过新生成的多个区块对电子票的信息进行存储。
同样的，货币的控制中心401，通过授权或接收节点注册的方式，确定多个节点，这些节点(403、405、407、……)中每一个均参与货币区块链的存储、转发、区块的建立等等。货币区块链中记录有账户信息和交易记录等。
控制中心401为每个用户建立一个区块，用于记录其账户信息。账户信息可包括：账户名、账户余额等。控制中心401可将这些账户信息，发送给每个授权节点，使得每个授权节点中均存储有各个用户的账户信息。
参见图4，节点402和节点405为两条区块链的共有节点。
在一个实施例中，交易双方为用户1和用户2，其中，用户1为电子票A的拥有者，用户2为电子票A的购买者，则用户2为支付方，用户1为收款方。在本发明的一实施例中，参与物品交易的用户为区块链中的授权节点，即用户1为电子票区块链中的一授权节点，用户2为货币区块链中的一授权节点。
参见图5，在步骤501中，交易发起节点发布交易请求。
在一个实施例中，发布交易请求时，交易发起节点按照预设的交易数据格式生成交易数据包，并利用私钥对该交易数据包进行数字签名，然后将数字签名后的交易数据包进行广播。交易请求中包括：交易的电子票的信息、交易双方信息、交易金额等。
交易发起者可为区块链中的共有节点，也可为非共有节点。当其为共有节点时，可将交易请求同时广播给电子票区块链中的节点和货币区块链中的节点；当其为非共有节点时，将交易请求广播给自身所在的区块链中的节点，接收到该交易请求的共有节点，将其广播给另一区块链中的节点。由此，两条区块链中的节点都将接收到交易发起者发布的交易请求。
在步骤502中，电子票区块链和货币区块链中的授权节点，分别对交易请求进行验证。
每个授权节点(包括共有节点)对交易请求进行验证。验证时，分别对交易请求中的交易金额、交易物品、交易双方信息等进行验证，以确定交易的可行性。在该实施例中，电子票区块链中的节点对交易所涉及的电子票信息进行验证，确定电子票是否有效。具体的，在验证时，可根据交易的电子票的标识(例如，编码或票号等)，从授权节点存储的电子票的信息和交易记录中进行查询，以确定电子票是否有效。此外，电子票区块链中的节点，还可根据交易双方信息中的身份信息等对购买者的合法性进行验证。例如，根据购买者的年龄和交易电子票的购买年龄进行匹配，以确定购买者是否合法。
货币区块链中的节点则对交易双方的账户信息进行验证，例如，根据购买者 (用户2)的账户信息，确定其账户余额是否充足；根据电子票提供者(用户1)的账户信息，确定其账户是否正确。
在步骤503中，根据各区块链中的授权节点对交易请求的交易验证信息，获取验证结果。
两条区块链中的节点验证完成后都会广播消息(成功或失败)。两条区块链中的共有节点会同时收集两条区块链中的验证信息。例如，电子门票区块链中有2500个授权节点，货币区块链中有5000个授权节点，两条区块链的共有节点有1500个。以下为一共有节点收集到节点广播的验证信息的情况：电子门票区块链中的广播消息为2300个成功，5个失败(可能节点被恶意控制或信息被篡改等等)，还有195个未返回消息(可能处于关机或死机等无法响应的状态)；货币区块链中的广播消息为4700个成功，12个失败(可能节点被恶意控制或信息被篡改等等)，288个未返回消息(可能处于关机或死机等无法响应的状态)。
每个共有节点分别计算条区块链的验证结果，若一条区块链中，验证成功的节点数大于或等于预设阈值(例如，95％)，则将该条区块链标记为验证成功，并记录成功与失败的消息个数。否则，若验证成功的节点数小于预设阈值，则将该条区块链标记为验证失败。
每个共有节点在两条区块链都被标记为验证成功时，广播双向验证成功信息给两条区块链(同时携带两条区块链中的成功与失败的消息个数)；若任一条区块链被标记为验证失败，则广播双向验证失败信息给两条区块链(同时携带两条区块链中的成功与失败的消息个数)。
在步骤504中，各授权节点根据接收到的验证结果，对交易进行确认或取消。
超过一定预设阈值比例(如80％)的共有节点发送双向验证成功信息，则确认交易，两条区块链中的节点同时对交易进行处理。而如果双向验证成功消息未达到预设阈值比例(如80％)，则取消交易。
如上所述，当交易有效时，区块链中的“矿工”节点竞争新区块的生成权， 以对交易进行确认和记录，最终完成交易，即用户2成为电子票A的拥有者，用户1收到用户2的支付。
根据本发明实施例的上述物品交易方法，只有控制了超过阈值比例的共有节点数据，或者超过了预设比例的授权节点数量，才有可能完成一次问题交易，而这在区块链中概率极低，从而可以保证交易的安全性。且通过将单类物品单独为一条区块链，且同在两条或多条区块链中的节点作为共有节点，使区块形成一个平面的网状结构，降低单条区块链的长度，降低每个节点的数据量；可提高区块链的查询效率；提高单类物品的汇总和统计效率；提高并发性(多条区块链可同时进行不同交易的处理)。
参见图6，本发明实施例还提供一种物品交易装置。该装置600可应用于共有节点，包括：
第一交易请求发送模块601，被配置为将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；
交易验证信息接收模块602，被配置为分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；
验证结果获取模块603，被配置为根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；
发送模块604，被配置为将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
在一个实施例中，验证结果获取模块603包括：
获取子模块6031，被配置为根据一区块链中的授权节点返回的交易验证信息，获取验证成功的授权节点的个数，以及验证失败的授权节点的个数；
标记子模块6032，被配置为在验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例高于预设阈值时，将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证成功；在验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例低于预设阈值时，将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证失败。
在一个实施例中，发送模块604包括：
第一发送子模块6041，被配置为在所述预设物品的交易涉及的每条区块链的验证结果均被标记为验证成功时，发送验证成功的验证结果给各区块链中的授权节点；
第二发送子模块6042，被配置为在所述预设物品的交易涉及的任一条区块链的验证结果被标记为验证失败时，发送验证失败的验证结果给授权节点。
在一个实施例中，装置600还包括：
交易请求接收模块605，被配置为接收一区块链中的任一授权节点发送的所述预设物品的交易请求；
第二交易请求发送模块606，被配置为将所述交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的其它区块链中的授权节点。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在有关该方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种用于物品交易方法的装置700的框图，该装置700可以是节点设备。如图所示，该装置700可以包括：处理器701，存储器702，多媒体组件703，输入/输出(I/O)接口704，以及通信组件705。
其中，处理器701用于控制该装置700的整体操作，以完成上述的物品交易方法中的全部或部分步骤。存储器702用于存储操作系统，各种类型的数据以支持在该装置700的操作，这些数据的例如可以包括用于在该装置700上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令，以及应用程序相关的数据。该存储器702可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory，简称SRAM)，电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称EEPROM)，可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称EPROM)，可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read-Only Memory，简称PROM)，只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称ROM)，磁存储器，快闪存储器，磁盘或光盘。
多媒体组件703可以包括屏幕和音频组件。其中屏幕例如可以是触摸屏，音频组件用于输出和/或输入音频信号。例如，音频组件可以包括一个麦克风，麦克风用于接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器702或通过通信组件705发送。音频组件还包括至少一个扬声器，用于输出音频信号。I/O接口704为处理器701和其他接口模块之间提供接口，上述其他接口模块可以是键盘，鼠标，按钮等。这些按钮可以是虚拟按钮或者实体按钮。通信组件705用于该装置700与其他设备之间进行有线或无线通信。无线通信，例如Wi-Fi，蓝牙，近场通信(Near Field Communication，简称NFC)，2G、3G或4G，或它们中的一种或几种的组合，因此相应的该通信组件705可以包括：Wi-Fi模块，蓝牙模块，NFC模块。
在一示例性实施例中，装置700可以被一个或多个应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，简称ASIC)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，简称DSP)、数字信号处理设备(Digital Signal Processing Device，简称DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(Programmable Logic Device，简称PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，简称FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现，用于执行上述的物品交易方法。
在另一示例性实施例中，还提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包含能够由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序具有当由所述可编程的装置执行时用于执行上述的物品交易方法的代码部分。
在另一示例性实施例中，还提供了一种包括指令的非临时性计算机可读存储介质，例如包括指令的存储器702，上述指令可由装置700的处理器701执行以完成上述的物品交易方法。示例地，该非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是ROM、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称RAM)、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘和光数据存储设备等。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践本发明后，将容易想到本发明的其它 实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本发明的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本发明的一般性原理并包括本发明未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本发明的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本发明并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种物品交易方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；
    分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；
    根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；
    将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据接收到的交易验证信息，获取验证结果的步骤包括：
    根据一区块链中的授权节点返回的交易验证信息，获取验证成功的授权节点的个数，以及验证失败的授权节点的个数；
    若验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例高于预设阈值，则将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证成功；若验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例低于预设阈值，则将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证失败。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将验证结果发送给各个授权节点的步骤包括：
    若所述预设物品的交易涉及的每条区块链的验证结果均被标记为验证成功，则发送验证成功的验证结果给各区块链中的授权节点；
    若所述预设物品的交易涉及的任一条区块链的验证结果被标记为验证失败，则发送验证失败的验证结果给授权节点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：接收 一区块链中的任一授权节点发送的所述预设物品的交易请求，以及将所述交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的其它区块链中的授权节点。
  5. 一种物品交易装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一交易请求发送模块，被配置为将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；
    交易验证信息接收模块，被配置为分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；
    验证结果获取模块，被配置为根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；
    发送模块，被配置为将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述验证结果获取模块包括：
    获取子模块，被配置为根据一区块链中的授权节点返回的交易验证信息，获取验证成功的授权节点的个数，以及验证失败的授权节点的个数；
    标记子模块，被配置为在验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例高于预设阈值时，将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证成功；在验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例低于预设阈值时，将该条区块链的验证结果标记为验证失败。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送模块包括：
    第一发送子模块，被配置为在所述预设物品的交易涉及的每条区块链的验证结果均被标记为验证成功时，发送验证成功的验证结果给各区块链中的授权节点；
    第二发送子模块，被配置为在所述预设物品的交易涉及的任一条区块链 的验证结果被标记为验证失败时，发送验证失败的验证结果给授权节点。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    交易请求接收模块，被配置为接收一区块链中的任一授权节点发送的所述预设物品的交易请求；
    第二交易请求发送模块，被配置为将所述交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的其它区块链中的授权节点。
  9. 一种节点设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器；
    用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
    其中，所述处理器被配置为：将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点；分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息；根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果；将验证结果发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的交易进行确认或取消。
  10. 一种区块链网络，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两条区块链，每条区块链中包括多个具有相同物品的交易权限的授权节点；
    两条或两条以上区块链中的相同授权节点为共有节点；其中，
    所述共有节点，被配置为将预设物品的交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的区块链中的授权节点，以及分别接收各个授权节点根据接收到的交易请求获取的交易验证信息，并根据所述交易验证信息，获取验证结果后发送给各个授权节点，所述验证结果用于供各个授权节点对所述预设物品的 交易进行确认或取消。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的区块链网络，其特征在于，所述共有节点，还被配置为接收所在区块链中的任一授权节点发送的所述预设物品的交易请求，以及将所述交易请求发送给所述预设物品交易所涉及的其它区块链中的授权节点。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的区块链网络，其特征在于，所述授权节点中具有挖矿功能的节点，被配置在对所述预设物品的交易进行确认后，运行预设算法，以进行新区块的创建，以及将新区块发送给区块链中的其它授权节点，以使授权节点对新区块进行验证后，将新区块写入区块链中。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的区块链网络，其特征在于，所述共有节点，还被配置为根据一区块链中的授权节点返回的交易验证信息，获取验证成功的授权节点的个数，以及验证失败的授权节点的个数；
    若验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例高于预设阈值，则将该区块链的验证结果标记为验证成功；否则，若验证成功的授权节点数所占的比例低于预设阈值，则将该区块链的验证结果标记为验证失败。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的区块链网络，其特征在于，所述共有节点，还被配置为在所述预设物品的交易涉及的每条区块链的验证结果均被标记为验证成功时，发送验证成功的验证结果给各区块链中的授权节点；在所述预设物品的交易涉及的任一条区块链的验证结果被标记为验证失败时，发送验证失败的验证结果给各区块链中的授权节点。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的区块链网络，其特征在于，所述授权节点， 还被配置为在发送的验证结果为验证成功的共有节点的数量超过预设比例时，确认交易；在验证成功的共有节点的数量未达到预设比例时，取消交易。
  16. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包含能够由可编程的装置执行的计算机程序，所述计算机程序具有当由所述可编程的装置执行时用于执行权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法的代码部分。
  17. 一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述非临时性计算机可读存储介质中包括一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序用于执行权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
  18. 一种节点设备，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求17中所述的非临时性计算机可读存储介质；以及
    一个或者多个处理器，用于执行所述非临时性计算机可读存储介质中的程序。
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