WO2018090077A1

WO2018090077A1 - Major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly

Info

Publication number: WO2018090077A1
Application number: PCT/AU2017/051101
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Shu Byn WONG
Original assignee: Exo-Shield Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2016-11-16
Filing date: 2017-10-11
Publication date: 2018-05-24

Abstract

Provided is an MHC-based olfaction filtration assembly (10) comprising a mask (12), conduits (14), and end-piece attachment (28). The mask (12) has a rearward facing side (S1) for operative placement over a user's (20) mouth and nose to define a breathing area. The two flexible elongate airflow conduits (14) each has first and second openings (16 and 18) disposed respectively at first and second end portions (22 and 24) of each conduit (14). The first openings (16) are arranged in fluid communication with the breathing area, with the conduits (14) operatively arrangeable to extend about and proximate opposite sides of the user's (20) head and having a connection mechanism (34) arranged to connect the conduits (14) to each other behind the user's head to assist in retaining the assembly (10) on the user's head. The end-piece attachment (28) is removably attachable to the second openings (18) of the conduits (14) and comprises one or both of a filtering substance or material to filter incoming air passing into the second openings (18), or an anti-collapse member to ensure that the second openings (18) remain open. The end-piece attachment (18) is generally operatively positionable proximate the user's (20) back under an upper-body garment, so that proximity of said conduits (14) and end-piece attachment (28) to the user's (20) body facilitates warming of air and MHC-based olfaction filtration during inhalation as the user (20) draws air through the end-piece attachment (28) into the breathing area.

Description

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX-BASED OLFACTION

FILTRATION ASSEMBLY

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This invention relates to a major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly .

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] The following discussion of the background art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. The discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to is or was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of the application.

[0003] The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a collection of proteins that regulate the immune system in vertebrates and help the immune system to recognise pathogens. The MHC is a highly polymorphic group of genes that play an important role in the immunological self/non- self-recognition .

[0004] Studies on the relationship between olfaction and the MHC in humans have shown that, while MHC- dissimilar odours had statistically significant indications of preference for sexual attraction, people tend to derive comfort from their own body odour, a process that is implicated in kin-recognition via olfaction. [ 0005 ] Applicant has identified a need in the art for means whereby the benefits of MHC-based olfaction can be used to provide a portable, personal, self-functioning air filtration and respiratory protection assembly capable of promoting wellbeing and comfort when used. Applicant has similarly identified numerous fields of application that may benefit from such MHC-based olfaction filtration.

[ 0006 ] For example, in the field of healthcare, healthcare workers typically wear a disposable mask that covers the nose and mouth when examining a patient. These masks are used to protect both the healthcare worker and the patient from exposure to potentially infectious bodily fluids or airborne particles (e.g. from the mouth) since the healthcare worker and patient are in close proximity to each other. Although these masks may minimise the likelihood of exposure to potentially infectious matter, they are permeable and typically do not block out odours, which may originate from the body part of the patient being examined. This can be a source of discomfort for healthcare workers.

[ 0007 ] Similarly, many industrial processes involve personnel working in environments having particles suspended in the air, such as building and construction, mining, etc. Other fields include situations where people work in malodourous environments, such as food preparation, cleaning, infant care, elderly and/or infirm care, and/or the like.

[ 0008 ] The present invention seeks to propose possible improvements, at least in part, to the art of filtration systems and breathing masks . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly comprising:

a mask having a rearward facing side for operative placement over a user' s mouth and nose to define a breathing area between the rearward facing side and the user's face; two flexible elongate airflow conduits each having first and second openings disposed respectively at first and second end portions of each conduit, the first openings arranged in fluid communication with the breathing area, the conduits operatively arrangeable to extend about and proximate opposite sides of the user' s head and having a connection mechanism arranged to connect the conduits to each other behind the user' s head to assist in retaining the assembly on the user; and

at least one end-piece attachment removably attachable to the second openings of the conduits, the end-piece attachment comprising one or both of a filtering substance or material to filter incoming air passing into the second opening, or an anti-collapse member to ensure that the second openings remain open;

wherein the end-piece attachment is ergonomically configured for operative positioning proximate the user' s back under an upper-body garment, so that proximity of said conduits and end-piece attachment to the user' s body facilitates warming of air and MHC-based olfaction filtration during inhalation as the user draws air through the end-piece attachment into the breathing area. [ 0010 ] It is to be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the airflow conduits and the end-piece attachment of the assembly is operatively located proximate or against the user's body and/or head to allow heating of air typically via conduction of the user' s body heat to air passing through the conduits, as well as enabling pre-heated air proximate the user's body to be inhaled. In addition, filtration of inhaled air is generally provided by both the end-piece attachment (where applicable) as well as the upper-body garment of the user.

[ 0011 ] Typically, the connection mechanism is adjustable to accommodate for different users, in a manner wherein when the conduits are connected behind the user's head:

a distance between the conduits is adjustable; and/or a point of connection of where each conduit connects to the other is adjustable along the respective conduits.

[ 0012 ] Typically, the point of connection on each conduit is defined by a connector arranged to movably engage with each conduit .

[ 0013 ] Typically, the adjustable connection mechanism comprises a linking member arranged to connect the respective points of connection of the conduits together, such that a portion of the linking member between the points of connection is adjustable to adjust the distance between the conduits .

[ 0014 ] Typically, the mask comprises an aperture through which the first end portion of each conduit is arranged to extend to allow the respective first openings to access the breathing area.

[ 0015 ] Typically, the assembly comprises a sealing engagement between each first end portion and the respective aperture .

[ 0016 ] Typically, the assembly comprises a retaining member disposed or locatable at the first end portion of each conduit, wherein at least a portion of the retaining member has dimensions wider than the aperture to assist in retaining engagement of the first end portion in the respective aperture.

[ 0017 ] Typically, the mask comprises impermeable material that is sufficiently lightweight such that:

when the user inhales, the mask is drawn towards the user' s face resulting in a sealing effect at a boundary of the mask and the user's face, so that inhaled air is sourced exclusively through the conduits; and

when the user exhales, the mask is pushed away from the user' s face resulting in a gap between the boundary of the mask and the user' s face for exhaled air to escape the breathing area.

[ 0018 ] Typically, the impermeable material is woven polyester treated with silicon.

[ 0019 ] Typically, the conduits allow the assembly to be retained on the user regardless of whether or not the mask is worn over the mouth and nose, so that the user is able to remove the mask from, and put the mask back on, the user' s face with one hand.

[0020] Typically, the mask includes indicium on either or both the rearward and/or forward facing sides indicating where the mask may be cut to customise a fit thereof for different users.

[0021] In one example, the indicium comprises a line of weakness in the mask to allow removal of a portion of the mask by exerting a force thereon.

[0022] In one example, the end-piece attachment or the conduits include a one-way valve configured to only allow air passing from the second openings to the first openings.

[0023] Typically, the assembly comprises thermal insulation on the mask and/or conduits to minimise heat loss to the outside atmosphere from air passing through the assembly .

[0024] Typically, the assembly includes a nose contour bar configured to operatively receive a visor to assist in shielding a user's eyes.

[0025] In one example, the visor is configured to filter electromagnetic radiation in a particular part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0026] In one example, the end-piece attachment includes a pump configured to pump air into the breathing area. [0027] Typically, the end-piece attachment is ergonomically configured by being suitably sized, shaped and dimensioned to ergonomically abut against the user's back.

[0028] In one example, the end-piece attachment is disk shaped with a thickness in the range of 5mm to 50mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective front-view representation of a major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective rear-view representation of the assembly shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic side-view representation of the assembly shown in Figure 1, in use;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic front view representation of the assembly shown in Figure 1, in use;

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view representation of various components of the assembly shown in Figure 1;

Figures 6A to 6E show various components individually of the assembly shown in Figure 1; Figure 7 is a diagrammatic perspective view representation of an assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic front view representation of end-piece attachments used in an embodiment of the invention;

Figures 9A and 9B are diagrammatic perspective view representations from different angles of an end-piece attachment used in another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 9C is a diagrammatic exploded view representation of the end-piece attachment shown in Figures 9A and 9B;

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic representation of a further example of an end-piece attachment used in an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic perspective side-view representation of an example of the assembly having a visor;

Figure 12 is a diagrammatic perspective side-view representation of the assembly of Figure 11 showing adjustability of the visor;

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic perspective front-view representation showing an example of an assembly with a nose contour bar; Figure 14 is a diagrammatic perspective front-view representation of an example of an assembly including thermal insulation;

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic perspective rear-view representation of an example of assembly showing indicium on the mask; and

Figure 16 is a diagrammatic side-view representation of an example of an assembly worn by a user, in use.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0029] Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following description of several non- limiting embodiments thereof. This description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention to the skilled addressee. It should not be understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the invention as set out above. In the figures, incorporated to illustrate features of the example embodiment or embodiments, like reference numerals are used to identify like parts throughout.

[0030] With reference now to the accompanying drawings, there are shown various examples of a major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly or breathing mask 10. Throughout the specification it will be appreciated that directional terms such as "forward" and "rearward", or variations thereof, refer to a forward and rearward direction when the assembly is worn by a user in a manner as described below. [ 0031 ] The MHC-based olfaction filtration assembly or breathing mask 10 generally comprises a mask 12, conduits 14, and end-piece attachment 28.

[ 0032 ] The mask 12 has a rearward facing side SI for operative placement over a user's 20 mouth and nose to define a breathing area between the rearward facing side SI and the user's face.

[ 0033 ] The assembly 10 also includes two flexible elongate airflow conduits 14 each having first and second openings 16 and 18 disposed respectively at first and second end portions 22 and 24 of each conduit 14. The first openings 16 are arranged in fluid communication with the breathing area, with the conduits 14 operatively arrangeable to extend about and proximate opposite sides of the user' s 20 head and having a connection mechanism 34 arranged to connect the conduits 14 to each other behind the user's head to assist in retaining the assembly 10 on the user's head.

[ 0034 ] The assembly 10 further includes at least one end- piece attachment 28 which is removably attachable to the second openings 18 of the conduits 14. The end-piece attachment 28 generally comprises one or both of a filtering substance or material to filter incoming air passing into the second openings 18, or an anti-collapse member to ensure that the second openings 18 remain open.

[ 0035 ] The end-piece attachment 18 is generally operatively positionable proximate the user's 20 back under an upper-body garment, so that proximity of said conduits 14 and end-piece attachment 28 to the user's 20 body facilitates warming of air and MHC-based olfaction filtration during inhalation as the user 20 draws air through the end-piece attachment 28 into the breathing area. The end-piece attachment 28 is generally ergonomically configured to abut against the user's back, i.e. the end- piece attachment may be rounded, have smooth edges, be disk^¬ like in shape, have a flat configuration to fit underneath upper-body garments, and/or have suitable configurations to provide comfort to the user when in use. For example, the end-piece attachment may be disk shaped with a thickness in the range of 5mm to 50mm, or the like.

[ 0036 ] Particular elements of the assembly 10 will now be described in more detail. Figures 1 and 2 show a breathing mask assembly 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 3 and 4 show the assembly 10 in use. The assembly 10 comprises a mask 12 having a rearward facing side SI to be placed against a portion of a user's face to cover at least the user's nose, and a forward facing side S2 opposite the rearward facing side SI. When worn, a breathing area is defined between the rearward facing side SI and the portion of the user's face.

[ 0037 ] The assembly 10 also comprises at least one airflow conduit 14 having a first opening 16 in fluid communication with the breathing area. In use, the at least one airflow conduit 14 extends in a rearward direction from the first opening 16 to a second opening 18. In other words, the second opening 18 is located behind a user 20 when the assembly 10 is worn, as illustrated in Figure 3. As a result, when the user inhales, air is drawn from a location behind the user through the second opening 18 and conduit 14 into the breathing area.

[ 0038 ] According to one embodiment, the mask assembly 10 comprises two airflow conduits 14a and 14b, which may be collectively referred to as "conduit (s) 14". Each conduit 14 is in the form of an open-ended elongate tube of flexible material such as silicone, rubber or plastics. Each conduit 14 has a first end portion 22 and an oppositely disposed second end portion 24 where the first opening 16 and the second opening 18 are respectively located, and an elongate portion 26 between the first and second end portions 22 and 24. The first end portions 22 of the conduits 14 are connected to the mask 12 in a manner that allows the respective first openings 16 to access and have fluid communication with the breathing area.

[ 0039 ] The conduits 14 ought to have a length and other dimensions suitable for the proper function of the mask assembly. For example, each conduit 14 may be approximately 33-46 cm in length, may have an inner diameter of 7mm and an outer diameter of approximately 9mm, and may be 1mm thick. These dimensions are indicative of one example only and are not meant to be limiting, i.e. other dimensions may be appropriate, depending on requirements.

[ 0040 ] The elongate portions 26 of the conduits 14 are configured to extend along respective sides opposite of the user's head (see Figures 3 and 4) and connect to each other behind the user's head (see Figures 1 to 3) . Therefore, in addition to performing an air intake function, conduits 14 also assist in retaining the mask assembly 10 on the user 20. This provides the advantage of an elegant and simple design, since no additional means of attaching the mask 12 to the user is necessary.

[ 0041 ] In the existing masks discussed in the

'Background' section above, when a user inhales, odours emanating from a source in front of the user may still permeate through the existing mask and reach the user' s nose. In embodiments of the present invention, the conduits 14 effectively divert the air intake zone to a location behind the user, thus avoiding the inhalation of odours or harmful particles that may be present in front of the user.

[ 0042 ] Moreover, existing masks may attempt to filter odours by utilising various forms of adsorption and absorption filtration means. In contrast, by providing the airflow conduits 14, the mask 12 can be and is preferably formed from impermeable material to ensure that substantially all inhaled air is sourced from a location behind the user. In other words, the mask assembly 10 according to a preferred embodiment operates by blocking odour (due to the impermeable material) originating from a source in front of the user, thus acting as a shield against such odour, and enabling intake air to be sourced from an area away from the odour. The impermeable material may be any suitable material, such as woven polyester treated with silicon, which also has the advantage of being inexpensive, lightweight (e.g. around 12 to 18 grams) and flexible.

[ 0043 ] The mask 12 in this embodiment is a half mask in a sense that it covers substantially only half of the user' s face including the nose and mouth. This is particularly suitable for health care workers who need to visually observe patients, since the mask 12 will not obscure the user's vision when used as intended. Additionally, the lightweight nature of the mask 12 allows the user to easily take off and put on the mask with one hand. If the user needs to remove the mask 12 temporarily, e.g. to speak, the user can pull the mask 12 off with one hand and let it hang from conduits 14 connected around the user's head. To put the mask 12 back on, the user can simply reposition the mask 12 over the nose and mouth with one hand, and the conduits 14 will keep the mask 12 in place.

[0044] Further, due to the lightweight and impermeable nature of the mask 12, when the user inhales whilst wearing the mask 12, a suction force is created which draws the mask 12 towards the user's face. This results in a sealing effect at a boundary 30 of the mask 12 and the user's face, and accordingly inhaled air may be sourced substantially exclusively through the conduits 14. It is to be appreciated that the combination of length and diameter of the conduits 14 facilitate in creating the air resistance (when inhaling) for this sealing effect to occur. Preferably the boundary 30 of the mask 12 is shaped to generally follow the contour of a lower half of the face, and may also be lined with a non^¬ toxic silicone gel, to optimise the sealing effect and provide a comfortable fit.

[0045] Importantly, it is believed particularly advantageous that the conduits 14 can be crimped or pressed, typically by hand, to block the entering of air during inhalation to test the proper fitment and sealing of the mask onto the user's face. It is common problem for users of masks test the proper fitment of a protective mask before exposing themselves to the hazardous environment they work in .

[0046] Conversely, as shown in Figure 16, when the user exhales, the mask 12 is pushed away from the user's face, a gap may be created between the boundary 30 of the mask 12 and the user's face, through which exhaled air can escape. This also provides the advantage of a cooling or venting effect, which can relieve the user of discomfort due to condensation that may accumulate in the breathing area during prolonged use. In contrast, if the mask is made of material that is too heavy and/or permeable, the mask would not, or at least would not as easily, be sucked in and pushed out by respectively the user' s inhalation and exhalation .

[0047] In this example, and shown more clearly in Figure

13, the mask 12 in this embodiment also comprises a pliable and/or rigid nose contour bar 31 disposed on the forward facing side S2 of the mask 12. This allows the user to mould the mask 12 to suit the shape of the user' s nose for a contoured fit and optimise the sealing effect as described above. The mask 12 may have a shape and configuration substantially similar to a conventional disposable dust mask or paint mask that is "cupped" such that the outer forward facing surface S2 is generally convexly shaped and the inner rearward facing surface SI is generally concavely shaped. In addition, the nose contour bar 31 may be configured to receive a suitable visor 92, as described in more detail below . [ 0048 ] Other components of the mask assembly 10 will now be described in more detail. With reference to Figures 5 and 6A to 6E, the mask assembly 10 according to a specific embodiment includes retaining members 32, a connection mechanism 34 and inserts 36 (included as one possible version of the end-piece attachment 28) for the second opening 18.

[ 0049 ] The retaining members 32, shown in more detail in Figure 6A, serve to retain the first end portions 22 of the conduits 14 in connection with the mask 12. The members 32 comprise a generally tubular body configured with a neck portion 38, wider head end portion 40 and a bore 42. The bore 42 extends axially through the neck and head portions 38 and 40. A ledge 44 is formed at a junction 46 between the neck and head portions 38 and 40, corresponding to a difference between outer diameters of the head portion 40 and the neck portion 38. Moreover, from the junction 44 to an end 48 of the head portion 40, the outer diameter of the head portion 40 tapers inwards.

[ 0050 ] The neck portion 38 of the retaining member 32 is configured to be tightly fitted into the first opening 16 in such a manner that still allows the member 32 to be removed from the opening 16 if sufficient pulling force is applied. To enable the tight fitting, the outer diameter of the neck portion 38 ought to be designed with the same or sufficiently similar size to the inner diameter of the first opening 16 of the conduit 14. The head portion 40 however does not fit into the opening 16 due to its wider outer diameter . [ 0051 ] To engage the first end portions 22 with the mask 12, two apertures 50 corresponding substantially in size to the outer diameter to the first end portions 22 are provided in the mask 12. The size of the apertures and conduits 14 ought to be designed with sufficient precision so as to reduce the likelihood of air leaking into the breathing area. The first end portions 22, fitted with the retaining members 32, are then inserted from the forward facing side S2 of the mask 12 into a respective aperture 50. The tapering of the head portion 40 assists in inserting the end portions 22 through the aperture 40 since the narrower end 48 of the taper is inserted first.

[ 0052 ] A rim of the apertures 50 is preferably coated with silicone to withstand some expansion when second end portions 24 are inserted, and as mentioned above may also assist in providing a seal to prevent air from leaking into the breathing area. Once the entire head portion 40 of the retaining member 32 is disposed on the rearward facing side SI of the mask 12, since the ledge 46 is wider than the aperture 50, the ledge 46 prevents the first end portions 22 from or being easily pulled out from the apertures 50 in a forward direction. Thus, the retaining members 32 effectively act as a barb.

[ 0053 ] It will be appreciated that the size difference between the portion 40 and the aperture 50 (and neck portion 38) can be made larger so that once installed, the first end portion 22 (fitted with a retaining member 32) cannot be pulled out by a pulling force in the forward direction. In that case, if necessary the conduit 14 can be connected to the mask 12 by threading the conduit 14 through the aperture 50 from the rearward facing side SI of the mask 12, starting with the second end portion 24.

[ 0054 ] The connection mechanism 34 is arranged to connect the at least two elongate portions 26 of respective conduits 14 to each other behind the user's head. The mechanism 34 comprises connectors in the form of collars 52 (Figure 6D and 6E) , a linking member or drawstring 54 and stoppers 56

(Figure 6C) . In this embodiment, the drawstring 54 is in the form of an elongate piece of elastic, but other implementations are, of course, possible. The stoppers 56 are similar to a conventional drawstring stopper having a bore through which both ends of the drawstring 54 can extend and engage therewith (e.g. by tying a knot) .

[ 0055 ] The collars 52 are generally tubular with a substantially U-shaped cross-section (see Figures 6E) . The collars engage about the elongate portion 26 of the conduits 14 in a fitted manner due to an inner diameter of the collars 52 being substantially the same size as the outer diameter of the elongate portions 26. Each collar 52 comprises a channel 58 extending longitudinally along the full length of the collar 52. The channel 58 provides a seat or space for a portion of the drawstring 54 to sit between the collar 52 and the elongate portion 26 of the conduit 14.

[ 0056 ] In use, the drawstring 54 is connected to both conduits 14a and 14b by virtue of their respective collars 52. The collar 52 and elongate portion 26 clamp the drawstring 54 in such a manner that is sufficiently tight so as to prevent the drawstring 54 from moving freely through the collar 52 and elongate portion 26, while allowing the drawstring 54 to be pulled through if sufficient pulling force is applied. Changing a length of a portion 60 of the drawstring 54 between the conduits 14a and 14b, i.e. by pulling the drawstring 54 through one or both collars 52, allows a user to adjust the distance between the conduits 14a and 14b to accommodate for different head sizes. The stoppers 56 prevent the drawstring 54 from being pulled completely through the channel and thus disengaging from the assembly 10.

[ 0057 ] Alternatively, a user may adjust the fitting of the assembly 10 by moving the collars 52 up or down the respective elongate portion 26 of the conduits 14. In that case, the drawstring 54 and stoppers 56 may not be necessary since the collars 52 can be connected directly to each other and simultaneously adjusted along the elongate portions.

[ 0058 ] With reference to Figures 5 and 6B, inserts 36 (as different versions of the end-piece attachment 28) are provided for engagement with the second opening 18. The insert 36 has a generally T-shaped cross-section and an axial bore 62. A stem 64 of the insert has an outer diameter which, like that of the retaining members 32, is sized to fit snuggly within an open end of the conduit 14, i.e. the second opening 18, while keeping the opening 18 open due to the bore 62. A transverse portion 66 however has a wider outer diameter and therefore does not fit into the second opening 18, but prevents the insert 36 from becoming stuck in the opening 18 and enables removal of the insert 36 by pulling the portion 66. Filter material 65 is disposed at an end face 63 of the transverse portion 66, such that when the user inhales, air passes through the filter material 65 before entering the bore 62 and second opening 18. The filter material may be N95 or N99 standard filtration material, or HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arresting) material .

[0059] With reference to Figures 7 and 8, instead of the inserts 36, the inserts 36a may be used. The inserts 36a also comprise the stem 64 but has a cage portion 68 instead of the transverse portion 66. As well as an axial opening through the insert 36a, the insert 36a also has a plurality of openings in a side wall 70 of the cage portion 68. Further, the cage portion 68 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the conduits, thus being less bulky than the insert 36.

[0060] This may be particularly suitable if the user wishes to hide the second end portions 24 of the conduits down the back of the user's shirt or clothing. In that event the material of the user's clothing may act as a filter, and therefore filter material may not be as necessary for the cage portion 68, although can nevertheless be provided. The cage portion 68 also ensures that the second opening 18 remains open, since the second end portions 24 may be susceptible to collapsing when positioned between the user' s back and clothing. The cage portion 68 is also generally longer than the transverse portion 66 of the insert 36, to provide sufficient gripping area for the user if they wish to remove the inserts 36a from the second opening 18.

[0061] With reference to Figures 9A to 9C, instead of the inserts 36 and 36a, a filter cartridge 72 (as further version of the end-piece attachment 28) may be attached to the second openings 18. On one side, the filter cartridge 72 comprises two plug-in components 74a and 74b having stems 76a and 76b respectively, for fitting into respective second openings 18 of the conduits 14 (in the same manner as the stems 64) . The plug-in components 74 have axial bores 78 to allow the second openings 18 to fluidically communicate with an inner chamber 80 of the cartridge 72.

[ 0062 ] On an opposite side to the plug-in components, the cartridge 72 comprises a permeable screen 82, which may be filter material, which provides one wall of the chamber 80. The chamber 80 houses a filtering substance, such as activated carbon particles. The filter cartridge 72 also comprises a one-way valve, which in this embodiment is in the form of a "duck bill" check valve 86. The valve 86 is disposed between each plug-in component 74 and a body 84 of the cartridge. One end 88 of the valve is open to the chamber 80, while an opposite end 90 of the valve 86 has lips that, in use, points towards a respective conduit 14 and prevents airflow from returning to the chamber 80 from the conduit 14. When a user wearing the assembly 10 according to this embodiment inhales, air is drawn in through the screen 82 into the chamber 80 and is filtered by the filtering substance in the chamber 80 before entering the second opening 18 through the plug-in components 74. The screen 82 and plug-in components 74 may be detached from the cartridge body 84 for cleaning purposes or for replacement of the filtering material.

[ 0063 ] It will be appreciated that the various end-piece attachments 28 described above, such as inserts 36 and 36a, and the filter cartridge 72, are interchangeable with one another as desired. Thus, also proposed is a kit for a breathing assembly, the kit including two or more different types of end-piece attachments removably attachable to the second openings 18 of the conduits 14, such as: a pair of inserts 36; a pair of inserts 36a, and; the filter cartridge 72. The kit may also include one or more of the mask 12, conduits 14a and 14b, and any other components herein described, such as the retaining members 52, collars 52, drawstring 54 and stoppers 56. Figure 10 provides another example of an end-piece attachment 28, which comprises an anti-collapse insert 36 configured to accommodate a filter cartridge 72, for example. Typically, the end-piece attachment 28 is sized, shaped and configured to ergonomically abut against the user's back.

[ 0064 ] In another example, the end-piece attachment 28 includes a pump (not shown) configured to pump air into the breathing area. Such a pump may assist in providing air to the user over and above a force exertable by the user 20 breathing air in.

[ 0065 ] It will also be appreciated that although various end-piece attachments 28 have been described, the assembly 10 can still be used and operate satisfactorily without any end-piece 28 attached to the second openings 18.

[ 0066 ] In one example, shown more clearly in Figure 15, the mask 12 includes indicium 96 on either or both the rearward and/or forward facing sides SI and/or S2 indicating where the mask 12 may be cut to customise a fit thereof for different users. In one example, the indicium 96 comprises a line of weakness in the mask 12 to allow removal of a portion of the mask by exerting a force thereon. In such a manner, the mask 12 can be sized for different users.

[ 0067 ] In one example, shown in Figure 14, the assembly

10 comprises thermal insulation 94 on the mask 12 and/or conduits 14 to minimise heat loss to the outside atmosphere from air passing through the assembly 10. Such thermal insulation 94 may comprise any suitable covering that can be applied to the mask 12 and/or conduits 14. An assembly 10 with such thermal insulation finds particular application in cold environments.

[ 0068 ] In the examples shown in Figures 11 and 12, the assembly 10 includes a nose contour bar 31 which is configured to operatively receive a visor 92 to assist in shielding a user's eyes. In one example, the visor 92 is configured to filter electromagnetic radiation in a particular part of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g. UV, IR, etc. In one example, the visor is made from a clear, impact resistant polymer or plastic material to assist in shielding the user' s eyes from bodily fluids or rogue shrapnel, etc.

[ 0069 ] Applicant believes it particularly advantageous that the present invention described above provides a means whereby the benefits of MHC-based olfaction can be used to provide a portable, personal, self-functioning air filtration and respiratory protection assembly 10 capable of promoting wellbeing and comfort when used. In particular, the MHC-based benefits of a user 20 breathing their own body odour and the user' s body warming inhaled air can provide comfort and assist in filtration of malodorous smells, while the filtration of the end-piece attachment 28 and the user's upper-body garment (s) provides additional safety from airborne particles.

[0070] In addition, aspects of the assembly 10 can be disposable, or even the entire assembly can be disposable. For example, the mask 12 can be replaceable and disposable, the visor 92 can be replaceable and disposable, as well as the filtering cartridges 72. Furthermore, the conduits 14 serve as both part of an adjustable retaining mechanism, as described above, for retaining the assembly to a user's head, while also providing air channels delivering air to the mask, i.e. dual-purpose.

[0071] Optional embodiments of the present invention may also be said to broadly consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated herein, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of the parts, elements or features, and wherein specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which the invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth. In the example embodiments, well- known processes, well-known device structures, and well known technologies are not described in detail, as such will be readily understood by the skilled addressee.

[0072] The use of the terms "a", "an", "said", "the", and/or similar referents in the context of describing various embodiments (especially in the context of the claimed subject matter) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,") unless otherwise noted. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed subject matter as essential to the practice of the claimed subject matter.

[0073] It is to be appreciated that reference to "one example" or "an example" of the invention, or similar exemplary language (e.g., "such as") herein, is not made in an exclusive sense. Various substantially and specifically practical and useful exemplary embodiments of the claimed subject matter are described herein, textually and/or graphically, for carrying out the claimed subject matter.

[0074] Accordingly, one example may exemplify certain aspects of the invention, whilst other aspects are exemplified in a different example. These examples are intended to assist the skilled person in performing the invention and are not intended to limit the overall scope of the invention in any way unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Variations (e.g. modifications and/or enhancements) of one or more embodiments described herein might become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this application. The inventor (s) expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor (s) intends for the claimed subject matter to be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims

1. A major histocompatibility complex-based olfaction filtration assembly comprising:

wherein the end-piece attachment is ergonomically configured for operative positioning proximate the user' s back under an upper-body garment, so that proximity of said conduits and end-piece attachment to the user' s body facilitates warming of air and MHC-based olfaction filtration during inhalation as the user draws air through the end-piece attachment into the breathing area.

2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism is adjustable to accommodate for different users, in a manner wherein when the conduits are connected behind the user's head:

3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the point of connection on each conduit is defined by a connector arranged to movably engage with each conduit.

4. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adjustable connection mechanism comprises a linking member arranged to connect the respective points of connection of the conduits together, such that a portion of the linking member between the points of connection is adjustable to adjust the distance between the conduits.

5. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mask comprises an aperture through which the first end portion of each conduit is arranged to extend to allow the respective first openings to access the breathing area.

6. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the assembly comprises a sealing engagement between each first end portion and the respective aperture.

7. The assembly of either of claims 5 or 6, wherein the assembly comprises a retaining member disposed or locatable at the first end portion of each conduit, wherein at least a portion of the retaining member has dimensions wider than the aperture to assist in retaining engagement of the first end portion in the respective aperture.

8. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mask comprises impermeable material that is sufficiently lightweight such that:

when the user inhales, the mask is drawn towards the user's face resulting in a sealing effect at a boundary of the mask and the user's face, so that inhaled air is sourced exclusively through the conduits; and

9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the impermeable material is woven polyester treated with silicon.

10. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the conduits allow the assembly to be retained on the user regardless of whether or not the mask is worn over the mouth and nose, so that the user is able to remove the mask from, and put the mask back on, the user's face with one hand.

11. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the mask includes indicium on either or both the rearward and/or forward facing sides indicating where the mask may be cut to customise a fit thereof for different users.

12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the indicium comprises a line of weakness in the mask to allow removal of a portion of the mask by exerting a force thereon.

13. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the end-piece attachment or the conduits include a one-way valve configured to only allow air passing from the second openings to the first openings.

14. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 13, which comprises thermal insulation on the mask and/or conduits to minimise heat loss to the outside atmosphere from air passing through the assembly.

15. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 14, which includes a nose contour bar configured to operatively receive a visor to assist in shielding a user's eyes.

16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the visor is configured to filter electromagnetic radiation in a particular part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

17. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the end-piece attachment includes a pump configured to pump air into the breathing area.

18. The assembly of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the end-piece attachment is ergonomically configured by being suitably sized, shaped and dimensioned to ergonomically abut against the user's back.

19. The assembly of claim 18, wherein the end-piece attachment is disk shaped with a thickness in the range of 5mm to 50mm.