WO2018086267A1 - Procédé et circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série - Google Patents

Procédé et circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018086267A1
WO2018086267A1 PCT/CN2017/074155 CN2017074155W WO2018086267A1 WO 2018086267 A1 WO2018086267 A1 WO 2018086267A1 CN 2017074155 W CN2017074155 W CN 2017074155W WO 2018086267 A1 WO2018086267 A1 WO 2018086267A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
equalization
battery
discharging
battery pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/074155
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
欧阳桦
Original Assignee
欧阳桦
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 欧阳桦 filed Critical 欧阳桦
Priority to PCT/CN2017/107655 priority Critical patent/WO2018086459A1/fr
Priority to CN201780003515.9A priority patent/CN108432084A/zh
Publication of WO2018086267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018086267A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of series battery pack equalization charging and discharging, in particular, a series lithium ion battery pack, a lead acid battery pack, and a nickel metal hydride battery pack balanced charge and discharge control system.
  • the conventional battery equalization technology is to discharge a part of a single-cell battery with a relatively high voltage during charging and during storage.
  • the amount of electricity released requires energy consumption, and the amount of electricity released by the resistor is thermal energy, which can cause nearby devices to be exposed to high temperatures and adverse conditions.
  • a newer battery balancing technique is to transfer the higher battery voltage in the battery pack to the lower voltage battery through the electronically-off array.
  • the series battery pack of the present invention comprises a battery pack which is connected in parallel and then connected in series, and other battery combinations which are equivalent in series with the battery; the diode of the present invention has the same meaning as the unidirectional conductive device.
  • the circuit of the present invention includes components, lines and ports between an external power source and a load, excluding an external power source and the load itself, and does not include the battery pack itself when it is listed with the battery pack.
  • the charging and discharging according to the present invention includes charging only without discharging, discharging only without charging, and simultaneously charging and discharging.
  • the discharge of the present invention includes the closed communication of the battery pack from the battery pack to the load port in all embodiments of the present invention, and does not relate to the characteristics of the load, the size, and whether it is matched with the battery pack.
  • the switching according to the present invention includes switching between the positive pole of the capacitor and the positive pole of the charging line and the positive pole of the equalizing circuit in all embodiments of the present invention, and the negative pole of the capacitor and the negative pole of the charging line, and the negative of the equalizing line.
  • the switch between the two is crucial. The switching of these switches is to make the capacitors alternately connect the two poles of the charging line and the equalizing lines.
  • the equalization circuit of the present invention includes two different poles that switch from the positive pole of the capacitor to the positive pole of each battery, and from the negative pole of the capacitor to the negative pole of each battery, in all embodiments of the present invention.
  • Sexual trunk line
  • the equalization of the present invention includes all of the embodiments of the present invention in which a positive electrode of each battery is connected from the positive line of the equalization line, and a negative electrode of each battery is connected from the negative side of the equalization line.
  • the equalization charging and discharging scheme of the present invention is: the capacitor obtains electric energy from the positive and negative poles of the charging line; then switches and stores the corresponding positive and negative poles of the equalization line, thereby realizing the conversion and relaying of the electric energy;
  • the group is connected to the positive and negative balances of the single cell to transfer the storage power of the capacitor to the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.
  • This connection method can preferentially utilize external power supply power, and under normal circumstances, the external power supply voltage and the voltage of the battery pack itself are sufficiently large relative to the voltage of the single battery, so Can drive higher balanced transfer current.
  • the capacitors and equalization lines independent of other parts of the circuit can dynamically transmit power to the single-cell battery with the lowest voltage in the circuit, so that the voltage equalization effect can be quickly achieved, and The charge and discharge functions of the battery pack itself in the circuit conflict.
  • a smaller capacitor can be used to limit the load capacity of the capacitor to control the balanced transfer power of the power.
  • a controller for controlling, detecting, equalizing, and protecting a circuit and a battery pack wherein a power supply port is connected to a power feeding port of the charging line to preferentially utilize the power of the external power source to operate. Moreover, as long as the feed port voltage of the charging line reaches the controller startup voltage, the controller can be activated and the control program is started. If the port loses power, or the voltage is lower than the controller startup voltage, the controller is completely shut down and there is no power consumption.
  • a diode between the charging line and the battery pack prevents the battery pack from being directly fed to the controller power supply port, so the controller does not consume battery power during non-charge and discharge periods.
  • This diode also prevents the external power supply from directly driving the load without charge during charging, to avoid possible human error.
  • the controller is activated and activated when power is turned on, and disabled when the power is turned off. If the capacitor is connected in parallel across the controller, it can provide a certain delay function for the controller to be turned off.
  • the controller program includes a voltage detection function and an equalization function, and generally includes an overcharge protection function and a power switching function. In some cases, battery pack over-discharge protection, temperature detection and protection, etc. are also necessary.
  • the voltage detection function can perform voltage measurement, comparison and fault determination for each single cell.
  • the overcharge protection function can cut off the overcharge protection when any single cell voltage approaches the overcharge voltage, and terminate the external power supply to supply power to the battery pack.
  • the overdischarge protection function can cut off the overdischarge protection when any single cell voltage approaches the overdischarge voltage, and terminate the battery pack to supply power to the load.
  • the power switching function can draw power from the charging line and then relay to relatively independent capacitors and equalized lines for distribution.
  • the equalization function can distribute the power between the relatively independent capacitor and the equalization line to the single-cell battery with the lowest voltage through the equalization between the positive and negative poles of the equalization line and the positive and negative poles of each battery.
  • n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2
  • n also indicates the position of the battery and the gate corresponding to the natural number sequence.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a balanced battery pack equalization charge and discharge with a safety protection function.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a series battery pack equalization charge and discharge cascade circuit.
  • Bl, B2, B3, B4... Bn-1, Bn are n battery single-segments and sequences in a series battery pack, and are suitable for lithium ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, etc. Etc., and usually a single cell of the same type, size, and performance.
  • Kul, Ku2, Ku3, Ku4 Kun-1, Kun are connected from the positive line of the equalization line to Bl, B2 , B3, B4 Bn-1, Bn battery positive balance, Chang Hao; Kvl, ⁇ 2, Kv3, Kv4...
  • ...Kvn-1, Kvn, respectively are balanced from the negative terminal of the equalization line to the negative poles of Bl, B2, B3, B4, Bn-1, and Bn batteries, and are often used.
  • Ka is a discharge switch, which can control the load;
  • Kb is an overdischarge protection switch, normally closed;
  • Kc is an overcharge protection switch, normally closed.
  • D1 is a diode that supplies power from the battery pack to the controller;
  • D2 is a diode placed between the charging line and the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from being directly fed to the connection port of the charging line and the controller;
  • D3 diode is placed in equilibrium On the line, a single cell voltage is prevented from coupling to the charging line.
  • Cl, C2 are two capacitors.
  • Kpl and ⁇ 3 are switching of the positive poles of the capacitors Cl and C2 and the positive pole of the equalization line, respectively;
  • Kp2 and ⁇ 4 are switching of the negative poles of the capacitors Cl and C2 and the negative pole of the equalization line, respectively;
  • Kql, Kq3 are switching of the positive poles of the capacitors Cl, C2 and the positive pole of the charging circuit, respectively;
  • Kq2 and Kq4 are switching of the negative electrodes of the capacitors Cl and C2 and the negative of the charging line, respectively.
  • the controller dashed box is a controller including an integrated circuit and a control program, and the ports and switches in the virtual frame indicated by the arrows can be detected and controlled by the controller, and the dashed line in the dotted line, Available IGBT, MO
  • the battery virtual frame line is a series battery pack.
  • an inductive component can be connected in series on the equalization line.
  • the equalization control voltage range refers to a single battery voltage range that the controller allows to deliver the equalization current.
  • X represents the maximum battery voltage measurement of the battery pack, and the measured value is dynamically changed during charge and discharge.
  • a battery whose voltage is lower than the lower limit of the equalization control voltage range is a faulty battery or a short-circuit connection, and should not be continuously charged or used.
  • the upper limit of the equalization control voltage range is the difference between the highest voltage of the single cell of the battery pack and a deviation voltage.
  • This deviation voltage is an artificially set allowable value for the single cell voltage difference.
  • the difference between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage of the single battery in the battery pack is less than the set deviation ⁇ , and the equalization current is not transmitted to avoid excessive adjustment and power consumption.
  • Voltage detection program Cycle detection of the voltage of each battery to obtain the dynamic voltage value of a single battery. If any single cell voltage is lower than the preset equalization voltage target range lower limit in several cycle detection periods, it is determined that the battery is faulty or short-circuited, and an audible and visual alarm signal is output.
  • the voltage detection ⁇ continues for several cycles of detection, and is a delay function for filtering electromagnetic interference and avoiding excessively frequent adjustment operations.
  • Overcharge protection program If any single battery voltage is higher than the preset upper limit of the overcharge protection voltage range and continues for several detection cycle periods, then the overcharge protection switch Kc is broken; if all the single cell voltages Both are lower than the preset lower limit of the overcharge protection voltage range, and for several detection cycle periods, the overcharge protection switch Kc is closed.
  • Over-discharge protection program If any single-cell voltage is lower than the preset lower limit of the over-discharge protection voltage range and continues for several detection cycles, the over-discharge protection is turned off Kb; if all single-cell voltages Both are above the preset upper limit of the overdischarge protection voltage range, and for several cycles of detection, the overdischarge protection is turned off Kb.
  • Kpl, Kql, Kp2, Kq2 are alternately switched between the charging pole and the corresponding poles of the equalizing line: Kpl is broken, Kql is closed, Kp2 is broken, Kq2 is closed, And Kpl is synchronized with the Kp2 state.
  • the lower switching frequency is usually beneficial to improve the synchronization ratio of the daytime and the conversion efficiency of the power.
  • Capacitor C2 is the same as C1, and the switching between the two poles of C2 is symmetrical with the switching of the two poles of C1: that is, Kq3 is synchronized with the state of ⁇ pi, when the two poles of C1 are connected with the two poles of the charging circuit, the two poles of C2 are connected with the two poles of the equalizing circuit; When the two poles of the C1 are connected to the two poles of the equalization line, the two poles of the C2 are connected to the two poles of the charging line.
  • Equalization function program If a single battery Bn with the lowest voltage in the preset equalization control voltage range is selected within a plurality of cycle detection periods, the equalization Guan Kun and Kvn are closed, and the capacitor storage is transferred to The lowest voltage single battery ⁇ in the battery pack; if all the single battery voltages are higher than the preset upper limit of the equalization voltage target range, and continue for several cycle detection cycles, then all Kun and Kvn are balanced.
  • the D1 diode can be placed in other equivalent locations that power the battery pack from the controller; the D3 diode can also be replaced by n diodes placed on all of the bundles of the equalization line. .
  • FIG. 2 The schematic diagram of the balanced charging and discharging of the series battery pack with safety protection function is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Kd is an overcharge protection switch, in a normal state
  • Kb is an overdischarge protection switch, in a normally closed state
  • FU1, FU2, FU3 are fuses
  • D1 is a diode that supplies power from the battery pack to the controller The D3 diode is placed on the equalization line to prevent a single cell voltage from coupling to the charging line.
  • Capacitor C1 is positive and negative from the charging line by switching between Kql and Kq2.
  • the pole obtains electric energy; then switches to Kpl, ⁇ 2 and saves to the corresponding positive and negative poles of the equalization line to realize the conversion and relay of electric energy; finally, through a group of equalization of the positive and negative poles of the single battery
  • the storage of the capacitor is transferred to the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.
  • the controller and the equalization function can be activated by feeding the power from the load terminal through the diode D1 to the controller power supply port.
  • the energy that is supplied to the equilibrium transfer is then derived from the entire battery pack and is shared by all the batteries. This diode also prevents the external power supply from directly driving the load without charge during charging, to avoid possible human error.
  • Overcharge protection program If the controller power supply port voltage on the charging line is greater than the battery pack voltage, and all the single battery voltages are lower than the preset lower limit of the overcharge protection voltage range, and continue for several detection cycle periods, Then close the overcharge protection switch Kd; if the controller power supply port voltage on the charging line is less than or equal to the battery pack voltage, or any single cell voltage is higher than the preset overcharge protection voltage range upper limit, and continue to detect Cycle cycle, then break the overcharge protection to protect Kd
  • Safety protection is very important for the charge and discharge management of the battery pack.
  • a fuse is placed on each of the equalization current loops and is located between the series node of the equalization and series cells. In the event of an unbalanced or short-circuit failure, the external short-circuit current of the battery can blow the fuse to protect the circuit.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of the series battery pack equalization charge and discharge cascade circuit is shown in FIG.
  • FU1, FU2 Ful5 is a fuse
  • battery pack 1, battery pack 2, battery pack 3, battery pack 4 is a plurality of series battery packs in the cascade circuit
  • controller 1 belongs to the upper equalization charge and discharge circuit 10
  • the controller 2, the controller 3, the controller 4, and the controller 5 belong to a plurality of lower equalization charge and discharge circuits 20, respectively.
  • the charging and discharging positive and negative ports of a balanced charging and discharging circuit are equivalent to a single-cell battery with multiple voltages, the circuits can be combined in series to obtain multiple times of charging and discharging voltage.
  • Such a manner of connecting a plurality of series battery packs in series and also concatenating the corresponding charging ports of each of the battery packs is a cascade method known in the art.
  • the series battery pack equalization charging and discharging cascade circuit of the present invention is a cascade circuit different from the known one.
  • the cascode circuit of the invention comprises an upper equalization charging and discharging circuit and a plurality of lower level equalizing charging and discharging circuits, and is combined into a upper and lower stage connection, and the upper level equalizing charging and discharging circuit performs voltage detection and equalization control on the plurality of series battery packs.
  • This embodiment includes an upper equalization charge and discharge circuit 10, a plurality of lower equalization charge and discharge circuits 20, and a plurality of series battery packs.
  • the charging ports of the plurality of lower balanced charging and discharging circuits 20 are connected in series, and a plurality of corresponding series battery packs are connected in series.
  • the upper equalization charging and discharging circuit 10 performs voltage detection and equalization control on a plurality of series battery packs; and the plurality of lower level equalization charging and discharging circuits 20 perform voltage detection and equalization control on the single cells in the respective series battery packs.
  • the plurality of discharge switches Ka can be automatically or manually controlled to be broken or closed. When the power is not connected, all the discharges are closed, and the electric energy of the plurality of series battery packs passes through the plurality of diodes D1 to activate the upper stage. Balancing the controller 1 of the charge and discharge circuit 10, thereby enabling the balancing function between the battery packs when power is supplied to the load
  • the capacitor of the upper equalization charging and discharging circuit 10 obtains electric energy from the positive and negative terminals of the charging line connected to the power port; and then switches and stores the corresponding positive and negative poles of the equalizing line of the upper balanced charging and discharging circuit 10. In order to realize the conversion and relay of electric energy; finally, the balance of the positive and negative terminals of the charging port connected to the lower-stage equalization charging and discharging circuit 20 is transferred to the battery pack having the lowest voltage among the plurality of battery packs. .
  • Embodiment 2 For the operation mode of each of the lower level equalization charging and discharging circuits 20, refer to Embodiment 2. However, one difference from Embodiment 2 is that this embodiment does not provide an overdischarge protection switch to avoid sudden termination of battery discharge or unexpected interruption of load output. In this embodiment, even if the equalization is accidentally broken down or the short circuit fails, the external short-circuit current of the battery will blow the fuse, the circuit can continue to drive the load; the same voltage detection procedure detects the battery pack or The single cell voltage is zero and the battery is faulty or shorted. The audible and visual alarm signal is output until other programs or manual intervention, or the battery is exhausted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série. Le procédé d'égalisation de charge/décharge comprend les étapes suivantes : dans un état de charge, des condensateurs (C1, C2) obtiennent de l'énergie électrique provenant d'un circuit de charge, l'énergie électrique est ensuite commutée, connectée et stockée dans un circuit d'égalisation, et finalement l'énergie électrique stockée est transférée vers une seule batterie (Bn) comportant la tension minimum, au moyen d'un groupe de commutateurs d'égalisation (ku1, ku2, …, kun, kv1, kv2, …, kvn) ; dans un état de décharge sans charge, l'énergie électrique est fournie depuis une extrémité de charge au circuit de charge au moyen d'une diode, de manière à démarrer un dispositif de commande et à activer une fonction d'égalisation. Dans un mode de détection de tension cyclique de batterie, les condensateurs et le circuit d'égalisation, qui sont relativement indépendants par rapport à la partie restante du circuit, fournissent dynamiquement l'énergie électrique à la batterie unique comportant la tension minimale dans le circuit sans conflit avec la charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie, et permettent de produire un effet d'égalisation.
PCT/CN2017/074155 2016-11-10 2017-02-20 Procédé et circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série WO2018086267A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2017/107655 WO2018086459A1 (fr) 2016-11-10 2017-10-25 Procédé et circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série, et circuit abaisseur isolé à courant continu
CN201780003515.9A CN108432084A (zh) 2016-11-10 2017-10-25 串联电池组均衡充放电方法和电路、直流电隔离降压电路

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CN201611005435.0 2016-11-10
CN201611005435.0A CN108075519A (zh) 2016-11-10 2016-11-10 串联电池组均衡充放电方法和电路

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PCT/CN2017/107655 WO2018086459A1 (fr) 2016-11-10 2017-10-25 Procédé et circuit d'égalisation de charge/décharge d'un bloc-batterie en série, et circuit abaisseur isolé à courant continu

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CN109450047B (zh) * 2018-12-25 2024-04-05 陕西科技大学 一种串联能量密度电池组循环充放电电路与控制方法
CN110518651A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2019-11-29 商洛市虎之翼科技有限公司 一种便携式充放电器
CN110492555A (zh) * 2019-07-25 2019-11-22 宿州市艾尔新能源有限公司 一种大容量电池的均衡系统及其控制方法
CN111029666B (zh) * 2019-11-01 2021-02-19 彭建 一种模块化主动均衡电池管理系统及其管理方法
CN113394855B (zh) * 2021-07-22 2023-07-18 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 一种集中式功率可调bms被动均衡电路

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WO2018086459A1 (fr) 2018-05-17
CN108075519A (zh) 2018-05-25

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