WO2018085681A1

WO2018085681A1 - Fluid displacement devices, systems, and methods

Info

Publication number: WO2018085681A1
Application number: PCT/US2017/059973
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mark KOSICH; Tristan KOSICH
Original assignee: Kosich Mark
Priority date: 2016-11-03
Filing date: 2017-11-03
Publication date: 2018-05-11

Abstract

The present subject matter relates to fluid displacement devices, systems, and methods in which a first panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a first fixed pivot; a second panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a second fixed pivot, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; and at least one drive system is connected to one or both of the panel assemblies and operable to drive the panel assemblies to pivot about their fixed pivots to displace a volume of fluid.

Description

DESCRIPTION

FLUID DISPLACEMENT DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application

Serial No. 62/417,120, filed November 3, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to fluid displacement devices, systems, and methods. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to devices, systems, and methods configured to generate waves in a body of water. BACKGROUND

The objective of wave generation equipment is to transmit energy to a body of water in order to produce a swell that will travel from relatively deep water to shallower water having an inclined slope and ultimately to form a breaking wave. A wide variety of existing technologies have been used to generate waves, delivering either a continuous transmission of energy or discrete pulses of energy to a body of water.

For instance, in "digital" systems, a discrete pulse of energy can be transmitted by displacing a volume of water in a single action. Examples of digital systems include configurations in which an object is dropped into the water (e.g., a concrete block) or a tank of water that is stored above the deep end of a pool until the contents are released into the pool. These systems exhibit significant limitations as well, however. With respect to water tank systems, for example, after each wave, large pumps must be used to lift the water back into the storage tanks to prepare for the release of the next swell, which results in high energy requirements and longer intervals between waves.

Other digital wave systems may feature a wall board powered by a ram to push the wall forward into a standing body of water, or a panel rocked on a pivoting edge. Such systems can provide a high frequency of wave production (e.g., six to ten second swell intervals are possible), and they provide a linear relationship between horse power and energy requirement to volumetric displacement. That being said, the swell generated is comparatively narrow, AND the cylinders required to push the wall or panel must often be very long, requiring large volume of hydraulic fluid to operate.

By comparison, analog systems (e.g., wave-foil generators) have proven to produce commercially viable waves in a wave pool, with long waves for long rides and good wave heights being possible, and these systems boast lower energy requirement compared to water tank systems. There is a practical limit to wave height, however, largely due to the exponential energy increase requirement. To produce larger waves, the foil must be moved at a faster rate along the track, and thus a parabolic rise in horse power is experienced as the foil rate of travel is increased. Thus, although economically feasible for small to modest size waves, such analog systems become cost prohibitive where sizeable, challenging waves are desired.

In view of the drawbacks of each type of wave generation systems, it would be desirable for a new wave generation system to produce waves at desired intervals with reduced energy cost, improved wave height and wave profile.

SUMMARY

In accordance with this disclosure, devices, systems, and methods for fluid displacement are provided. In one aspect, a fluid displacement device includes a first panel assembly having a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a first fixed pivot; a second panel assembly having a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a second fixed pivot, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; and at least one drive system connected to one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and operable to drive the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly to pivot about the first fixed pivot and about the second pivot, respectively, to displace a volume of fluid away from the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly.

In another aspect, a fluid displacement device includes a structural frame comprising two opposing side portions separated by a substantially open front, a rear, a top, and a bottom; a first panel assembly positioned within the structural frame, wherein the first panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a first fixed pivot that is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the front and the top of the structural frame; a second panel assembly positioned within the structural frame, wherein the second panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a second fixed pivot that is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the rear and the bottom of the structural frame, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; and at least one drive system connected to one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and operable to drive the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly to pivot about the first fixed pivot and about the second pivot, respectively, to displace a volume of fluid out of the structural frame.

In a further aspect of the presently-disclosed subject matter, a method for fluid displacement includes steps of pivoting a first panel assembly about a first fixed pivot, wherein the first panel assembly comprises a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to the first fixed pivot; and pivoting a second panel assembly about a second fixed pivot, wherein the second panel assembly comprises a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to the second fixed pivot, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; wherein pivoting the first panel assembly about the first fixed pivot and pivoting the second panel assembly about the second pivot displaces a volume of fluid away from the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly. Although some of the aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein have been stated hereinabove, and which are achieved in whole or in part by the presently disclosed subject matter, other aspects will become evident as the description proceeds when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings as best described hereinbelow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the present subject matter will be more readily understood from the following detailed description which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that are given merely by way of explanatory and non-limiting example, and in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective side view of a wave generation system according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 2A and 2B are side perspective views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 3A through 3C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 4A through 4C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 5A through 5C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 6A through 6C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figure 6D is a side perspective view of a rotary actuator for use with a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 6E through 6G are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter; Figures 6H through 6J are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 7A through 7D are side perspective views of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 8A through 8C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 9A and 9B are side perspective views of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter;

Figures 1 0A through 1 0C are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter; and

Figures 1 1 A through 1 1 D are side views of a movable panel assembly of a wave generation system in different operating positions according to an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present subject matter provides fluid (e.g., water) displacement devices, systems, and methods. In one aspect, the present subject matter provides an apparatus for the displacement of the volume of a prism. As illustrated in Figure 1 , a wave generation system, generally designated 100, can include a rectangular prism structure 101 having open specified volume. In some embodiments, the end faces 102 can be substantially closed to prevent fluid from escaping laterally out of prism structure 101 and thus help to direct the fluid in a desired direction. Such closed end faces are optional for each individual structure, and they can be omitted in some embodiments, particularly where multiple systems are lined up together. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize, however, that any gap between modules can allow fluid to escape out the sides of the structure. Some modules can be placed in line side by side while others can be positioned an angle to the one next to it. Even if they are arranged in line, each module can be actuated at a different interval to produce variable effects.

The prism structure 101 includes a pair of parallel diagonal tracks 103 each located on opposing ends of the prism structure 101 . Each diagonal track has a first end 103A located at a corner of the prism end face and a second end 103B located at an opposing corner of the prism end face. For example, in an embodiment in which prism structure 101 is defined as having a top, a bottom, a front, and a rear, each of diagonal tracks 103 can be configured to extend between a first position at or near a top rear corner of a respective end face 102 and a second position at or near a bottom front corner of the respective end face 102.

To generate a controllable fluid flow out of and/or away from prism structure 101 , a flow displacement assembly 200 is movable with respect to prism structure 101 . In some embodiments, flow displacement assembly 200 comprises at least a first movable panel assembly 201 and second movable panel assembly 202 as shown in Figures 2A and 2B. In some particular embodiments, first movable panel assembly 201 includes two sliding panels 201 A and 201 B that are configured to slide, roll, or otherwise translate in relation to one another by way of a first panel extension system 201 C. Similarly, second movable panel assembly 202 likewise includes two sliding panels 202A and 202B that are configured to slide, roll, or otherwise translate in relation to one another by way of a second panel extension system 202C. In this arrangement, each movable panel assembly is able to "open" and "close" such that a length of the respective panel assembly is selectively either increased as the sliding panels move away from one another (see, e.g., Figure 2A) or decreased as the sliding panels are moved together and overlapped (See, e.g., Figure 2B). Although one exemplary configuration by which the panel assemblies can be extended or retracted is illustrated, those having ordinary skill in the art should recognize that the movable panel assemblies could be configured in any of a variety of other ways to be extendable/telescoping such that they can extend/retract as needed as they pivot while still providing sufficient rigidity to generate the pressure wave as they pivot. In some embodiments, a length of each movable panel assembly in an "open" position is substantially equal to the distance between adjacent corners of prism structure 101. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a length of each movable panel assembly in a "closed" position is substantially equal to one half of the length of the diagonal between opposing corners of the end faces 102 of the prism structure 101. In some embodiments, the depth of each movable panel assembly is selected based on the size of the integral structural members of the movable panel assemblies that are required to support a specified load.

In any configuration, a first lengthwise mating edge 201 D of first movable panel assembly 201 can be pivotally joined to a corresponding second lengthwise mating edge 202D of second panel assembly at a travelling pivot 203. In some embodiments, a first sliding panel 201 A of first movable panel assembly 201 includes first lengthwise mating edge 201 D, and a first sliding panel 202A of second movable panel assembly 202 includes second lengthwise mating edge 202D. In this arrangement, each of first sliding panels 201 A and 202A are connected to travelling pivot 203 and extend away from travelling pivot.

To mount flow displacement assembly 200 within the volumetric region of the prism structure 101 as shown previously in Figure 1 , a first parallel opposite edge 201 E of first movable panel assembly 201 can be pivotably mounted between two widthwise adjacent corners of prism structure 101 at a first stationary pivot 204, and a second parallel opposite edge 202E of second movable panel assembly 202 can be pivotably mounted at a second stationary pivot 205 between two widthwise adjacent corners of prism structure 101 that are diagonally opposite from first parallel opposite edge 201 E. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, first parallel opposite edge 201 E is pivotably attached at or near the top front corner of each end face 102, and second parallel opposite edge 202E is pivotably attached at or near the bottom rear corner of each end face 102, wherein first parallel opposite edge 201 E of first movable panel assembly 201 connects pivotably along a lengthwise corner of prism structure 101 , and second parallel opposite edge 202E of second movable panel assembly 202 connects pivotably along an opposing lengthwise corner of prism structure 101. In some embodiments, a second sliding panel 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 includes first parallel opposite edge 201 E and is thus connected to first stationary pivot 204, and a second sliding panel 202B of second movable panel assembly 202 includes second parallel opposite edge 202E and is connected to second stationary pivot 205.

In this arrangement, flow displacement assembly 200 includes three parallel pivot connections: a travelling pivot 203 that connects the first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 together (e.g., connecting first sliding panels 201 A and 202A together); and first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205 that are located at opposing lengthwise edges of the flow displacement assembly 200 and mounted lengthwise to opposing lengthwise corners of the prism structure 101 . To prevent leakage, in some embodiments, the width of flow displacement assembly 200 substantially coincides with an interior width of prism structure 101 (e.g., first and second parallel opposite edges 201 E and 202E have lengths that are substantially the same as the interior width between the respective corners of prism structure 101 ).

In this configuration, flow displacement assembly 200 is movable within prism structure 101 such that each of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 can pivot about first and second stationary pivots 203 and 204, respectively (e.g., through approximately 90 degrees of travel). Due to the connection of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 together at traveling pivot 203, as the panel assemblies are pivoted, first mating edge 201 D of first movable panel assembly 201 and second mating edge 202D of second movable panel assembly 202 are forced to coincide. Since this constraint prevents both of first and second mating edges 201 D and 202D from following an arcuate path, the lengths of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 can be adjusted to accommodate the travel of both panels about their respective stationary pivots. In other words, the lengths of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 between travelling pivot 203 and a respective fixed pivot are either extended or retracted as first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 pivot within prism structure 101.

In some embodiments, to control the path of the panels as they rotate, each outer end of travelling pivot 203 includes a traveler 206 (e.g., a roller, pinion or slide) that travels along parallel diagonal tracks 103. In some embodiments, each diagonal track 103 has an integrated path 104 to provide a travel surface for travelers 206 (e.g., a grooved rack for a pinion, a slide track for a sliding traveler, a roller track for rolling type traveler). In some embodiments, the path is substantially linear such that travelling pivot 203 moves substantially straight from one corner of prism structure 101 to the opposing corner.

A drive system 300 provides motive power to drive the motion of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 within prism structure 101. This motion can cause flow displacement assembly 200 to generate a controllable fluid flow out of and/or away from prism structure 101. Various examples of configurations of drive system 300 are illustrated in Figures 3A- 3C; Figures 4A-4C; Figures 5A-5C; and Figures 6A-6J. Those having ordinary skill in the art should recognize, however, that these embodiments are considered exemplary, and any of a variety of variations on the disclosed embodiments and/or other drive configurations are contemplated by the presently disclosed subject matter. In some embodiments, drive components can be mounted upon, within, or a combination thereof, the structure and components of wave generation system 100. In some embodiments that will be described below, for example, a rotary torque drive system that mounts upon and within the structure of flow displacement assembly 200 provides reduced component size, reduced fluid and air requirements, reduced size and capacity of motor, pump, and accumulator/reservoir systems, and more efficient energy requirements. These advantages and efficiencies allow for larger scale development, a practical degree of portability and wide range of use including lab studies, wave pool installations and even deployment in a natural body of water, for example, a sea or ocean. In any configuration, drive system 300 is connected to one or both of first movable panel assembly 201 or second movable panel assembly 202 and is operable to drive first movable panel assembly 201 and second movable panel assembly 202 to pivot about first stationary pivot 204 and about second stationary pivot 205, respectively, to displace a volume of fluid away from first movable panel assembly 201 and/or second movable panel assembly 202.

In a first configuration, drive system 300 includes one or more linear drive component 301 , such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, which is used to drive the motion of flow displacement assembly 200. As illustrated in Figure 3A, with first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 in an initial position in which they are substantially aligned with respective adjacent faces of prism structure 101 , one linear drive component 301 is mounted upon a support member 105 that is integral with, mounted to, or otherwise connected to prism structure 101 with a component mount 305, and a cylinder rod 304 of linear drive component 301 is mounted to first movable panel assembly 201 (e.g., to a sliding panel 201 A) with a rod mount 306. In some embodiments, another linear drive component 301 is mounted to second movable panel assembly 202 (e.g., to a sliding panel 202A). Upon the extension of rod 304 of linear drive component 301 , a connected one of first or second movable panel assemblies 201 or 202 is pivoted about its respective stationary pivot, which results in travelling pivot 203 moving along a desired (e.g., linear) path as shown in Figures 3B and 3C. In some embodiments, linear drive component 301 can be configured such that full extension of rod 304 corresponds to the complete travel of flow displacement assembly 200. As discussed above, due to the connection of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 to one another (e.g., at travelling pivot 203), the lengths of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 adjust as needed (e.g., by sliding first and second sliding panels 201 A and 201 B with respect to one another, and by sliding first and second sliding panels 202A and 202B with respect to one another) to allow both of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 to pivot within prism structure 101. Alternatively, in a second embodiment of drive system 300, drive system 300 includes similar components to the embodiment of Figures 3A- 3C, but each linear drive component 301 (e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder) is mounted upon an outer surface of one of first or second sliding panel 201 A or 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 (or one of first or second sliding panel 202A or 202B of second movable panel assembly 202) with component mount 305, and cylinder rod 304 of linear drive component 301 mounts upon an outer surface of the other of first or second sliding panel 201 A or 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 (or first or second sliding panel 202A or 202B of second movable panel assembly 202) with rod mount 306, thereby providing a push or pull force to open and close the movable panel assemblies 201 and 202. In this configuration, rather than driving the pivoting of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and

202 directly, drive system causes a change in the lengths of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202, which in turn causes the panel assemblies to pivot within prism structure 101 (e.g., due to travelling pivot

203 being constrained to travel in the path defined by diagonal tracks 103). An example of such an embodiment is illustrated in Figures 4A-4C. In this configuration, as illustrated in Figure 4B, with the contraction of rod 304, traveling pivot 203 moves to a midpoint along a desired diagonal path, after which rod 304 is then extended to complete the travel of travelling pivot 203 as shown in Figure 4C.

In yet further alternative configurations, linear drive components 301 can be mounted upon or within first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 to provide push and pull forces to open and close the movable panel assemblies, which results in the travelling pivot 203 moving along a desired (e.g., linear) path in a manner discussed above. As illustrated in Figures 5A-5C, for example, drive system 300 can include linear drive component 301 (e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder) mounted to an inner surface of one of first or second sliding panel 201 A or 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 (or one of first or second sliding panel 202A or 202B of second movable panel assembly 202) with component mount 305. Cylinder rod 304 of drive system 300 is shown mounted to an inner surface of the other of first or second sliding panel 201 A or 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 (or first or second sliding panel 202A or 202B of second movable panel assembly 202) with rod mount 306. Further, Figure 5B shows that with the contraction of rod 304 of drive system 300, first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 close until travelling pivot 203 moves to a midpoint along a desired diagonal path. After this midpoint, rod 304 is re-extended to complete the preferred travel of travelling pivot 203 along the desired (e.g., linear) path.

Alternatively or in addition, in yet further embodiments, drive system 300 can include at least one torque drive system. As shown in Figures 6A through 6C, for example, drive system 300 can include at least one torque drive 302 (e.g., a hydraulic or pneumatic motor) that is mounted upon or within one or both of movable panel assemblies 201 and/or 202. In the illustrated embodiments, a torque mount 307 mounted on an inner surface of the one of first or second sliding panel 201 A or 201 B of first movable panel assembly 201 (or one of first or second sliding panel 202A or 202B of second movable panel assembly 202) that is closest to traveler 203. In this configuration, torque drive 302 is connected to a power transmission component 303 (e.g., a belt or chain) that transfers rotational force from torque drive 302 to a driven component 308 (e.g., a pulley or sprocket) located on center travelling pivot 203. In some embodiments, this rotational force can cause relative pivoting of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202, which causes fluid displacement assembly 200 to translate through prism structure 101. Alternatively or in addition, the rotation of travelling pivot 203 can cause a corresponding rotation of travelers 206, which can interact with diagonal tracks 103 (e.g., by engaging the grooved rack, slide track, or roller track of path 104). For instance, by this rotational force, Figure 6B shows traveler 203 having moved to a midpoint along the desired diagonal path such that movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 are in a "closed" position. Through continued operation of torque drive 302, full actuation can be achieved as shown in Figure 6C, whereby movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 are "re-opened" as travelling pivot 203 completes its travel along the desired (e.g., linear) path. Furthermore, just as in the case of linear drive components 301 being located in a generally parallel arrangement upon movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 (See, e.g., Figures 4A-4C) or within movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 (See, e.g., Figures 5A-5C), at least one torque drive 302 can similarly be mounted upon or within movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 (See, e.g., Figures 6A-6C) to provide continuous rotational force to travelling pivot 203 in order to carry momentum through the center position along a desired linear path and thus to maintain continuous forward movement and to provide additional force to movable panel assembly 200.

In another embodiment, a hydraulic rotary actuator 320, commonly referred to as a powered hinge mechanism, can be used in place of the rotational torque drive discussed above. As illustrated in Figure 6D, for example, a hydraulic rotary actuator 320 can be fitted with arms, with a first arm 322 attached to a rotating end of an actuator body 321 and a second arm 323 attached to a fixed end on body 321 of the hydraulic rotary actuator 320. In some embodiments, such as the configuration shown in Figures 6E- 6G, rotary actuator 320 can be positioned between first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 at or near travelling pivot 203. In this arrangement, first arm 322 and second arm 323 are attached to a respective one of first or second movable panel assembly 201 or 202. In a first position, the first and second arms 322 and 323 are positioned with respect to one another at an initial angle (e.g., an angle of substantially ninety degrees). When activated, hydraulic rotary actuator 320 rotates (e.g., through an angular range of approximately one-hundred and eighty degrees), which moves travelling pivot 203 along the parallel diagonal tracks 103, resulting in a complete fluid displacement cycle. In this regard, Figure 6E illustrates a starting position, Figure 6F illustrates flow displacement assembly 200 midway through a cycle, and Figure 6G illustrates an ending position. It should be noted however, that actuator 320 can operate from 0% to 1 00% of capacity, and therefore travelling pivot 203 can move accordingly along diagonal track 103. This results in a simpler system than the rotating shaft system described in Figures 6A-6C because torque is applied directly to the movable panel assemblies 200, forcing them to rotate about one another, and resulting in the open and closing action that drives the center travelling pivot 203 to move along the parallel diagonal tracks 103, thereby eliminating the need for a power transmission component 303 as described with reference to the embodiment of Figures 6A-6C that rotates a shaft instead.

Further regarding this configuration for a rotary actuator, in some embodiments, as an alternative or as a complimentary/supplemental torque drive system, one or more additional rotary actuators 320A can be mounted at opposing stationary pivot ends (e.g., at first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205) between each of movable panel assembly 201 or 202 and an adjacent lengthwise members of prism structure 101 (e.g., at support member 105). In the illustrated embodiment, a first arm 322 is mounted to an associated one of movable panel assemblies 201 or 202, and second arm 323 is mounted to a support member 105 that can be integrated with, mounted to, or otherwise connected to an adjacent member of the structure.

The orientation of each additional rotary actuator 320A to a respective support member 105 can vary depending upon overall design of prism structure 101. For illustrative purposes, Figures 6E-6G show first arm 322 of each additional rotary actuator 320A being mounted to a respective one of first or second movable panel assembly 201 or 202, and second arm 323 is mounted to support member 105. In this arrangement, each additional rotary actuator 320A is rotatable to correspondingly cause or assist pivoting of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202.

Those having ordinary skill in the art should further recognize that one or more of the various configurations for drive systems for wave generation system 100 discussed above can be used in combinations to cause the movement of flow displacement device 200. In some embodiments, for example, one or more rotary actuator can be used in combination with one or more linear drive components. As illustrated in Figures 6H-6J, a rotary actuator 320 coupled between first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 and/or one or more additional rotary actuators coupled between a movable panel assembly and the stationary structure can be included to maintain continuous torque/force and therefore continued forward motion of center travelling pivot 203 while linear drive components 301 transition from contraction to extension. Again, rotary actuators 320 and 320A can operate as stand-alone drive systems, but since linear cylinder drive systems 301 are generally more powerful, it can be advantageous for a combination of linear drive system 301 and rotary actuators 320 and/or 320A to be utilized together. Further, center travelling pivot 203 can be operated at any interval less than one-hundred percent of travel. Therefore, a linear drive component 301 can operate by using only the contraction stroke or extension stroke, free of assistance of any other complimentary/supplemental drive system. Alternatively, as described in Figures 3A-3C, a linear drive system 301 can be integrated with support member 105 and therefore center travelling pivot 203 can operate along the full length of diagonal track 103 or any portion thereof.

The type of drive system can further be selected depending on the particular needs of wave generation system 100. In some embodiments, for example, a linear drive system 301 can be used independently when a displacement cycle is one-half or less of a full displacement cycle. In other embodiments, a rotary torque drive system 302, when employed at the travelling pivot position 203, can function independently to operate a full displacement cycle or any portion thereof. Alternatively or in addition, rotary torque drive system 302, when employed at the travelling pivot position 203, can also function as a complimentary/supplemental drive system to a linear drive system 301. In still further embodiments, a rotary torque drive system 302A, when employed at opposing first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205, can function independently to operate a full displacement cycle or any portion thereof. In addition, a rotary torque drive system 302 employed in this way can also function as a complimentary/supplemental drive system to a linear drive system 301. In still a further embodiment, a rotary torque drive system 302, when employed at travelling pivot 203, can be simultaneously used in combination with rotary torque drive systems 302 at opposing first and second stationary pivot ends 204 and 205 as complimentary/supplemental drive systems. Regardless of the particular form of drive system 300, wave generation system 100 can be operated such that movement of flow displacement assembly within prism structure 101 causes fluid to be moved through and/or away from prism structure 101. To cause this fluid flow, flow displacement assembly 200 can be moved to an initial position shown in Figure 7A, where travelling pivot 203 is positioned at a rear corner of prism structure 101. In some embodiments, flow displacement assembly 200 forms a ninety degree angle between first movable panel assembly 201 and second movable panel assembly 202. As discussed above, to span the distance between first stationary pivot 204 and travelling pivot 203 when in this position, sliding panels 201 A and 201 B can be moved at least partially away from one another to an "open" position such that a length of first movable panel assembly is substantially the same as the distance between adjacent corners of prism structure 101. Similarly, first and second sliding panels 202A and 202B of second movable panel assembly 202 can likewise be moved to an "open" position so that second movable panel assembly 202 spans the distance between second stationary pivot and travelling pivot 203. In the case where the prism structure 101 has square ends, each movable panel assembly can be configured to open to about fifty percent of its maximum extension.

From this initial position, drive system 300 can be operated to cause flow displacement assembly 200 to start moving through prism structure 101. As illustrated in Figure 7B, for example, upon actuation of the drive mechanism 300, first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 of flow displacement assembly 200 are pivoted inwardly, while the travelers 206 move along the length of the diagonal track 103. The sliding panels of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 close as the travelling pivot 203 approaches the mid-point of diagonal track 103 and flow displacement assembly 200 is substantially aligned ( e.g., at and angle between movable panel assemblies of one hundred and eighty degrees). Further operation of drive system 300 drives travelling pivot 203 past this mid-point of diagonal track 103, and the sliding panels of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 begin to open again, such as is shown in Figure 7C. When flow displacement assembly 200 completes its path through prism structure 101 , travelling pivot 203 is positioned at a front corner of prism structure 101 , and first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 are at least partially opened to span the distance between the adjacent corners of prism structure 101 . In this way, as flow displacement assembly 200 moved through prism structure 101 , fluid contained within prism structure 101 is displaced substantially in the direction of movement.

In the particular configuration illustrated in Figures 7A-7D, when actuated, the center travelling pivot 203 moves at an angle from an upper rear corner toward a diagonally opposite lower front corner of the prism structure 101 , which causes the first movable panel assembly 201 to swing downward toward the front opening of the prism structure 101 , ultimately forming a front wall of the prism structure 101 , and simultaneously causes the second movable panel assembly 202 to swing downward, ultimately forming a floor of the prism structure 101.

Figures 8A-8C show how the wave generation system 100 can be submerged in a body of water and secured to the floor of a pool or natural body of water (e.g. ocean floor) and utilized to displace a large volume of fluid (e.g., water) to create a swell between the convergence of flow displacement assembly 200, the floor, and the fluid surface. In some embodiments, first movable panel assembly 201 is pivoted in an arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally downward direction during a first phase of movement (See, e.g., Figure 8B), and then in a generally forward direction during a second phase of movement (See, e.g., Figure 8C). Second movable panel assembly 202 is pivoted in a complementary arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally forward direction during the first phase of movement (See, e.g., Figure 8B), and then in a generally downward direction during the second phase of movement (See, e.g., Figure 8C). In this way, the combined action of first and second movable panel assemblies 201 and 202 results in the displacement of the large volume of fluid outwardly from wave generation system 100 and towards the floor. All the while, first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205 remain in place. Therefore, as illustrated in Figures 8A through 8C, with the apparatus 200 fully submerged, it can be seen that there is approximately a 1 :1 ratio of movable panel height to beginning water level and also to resulting swell height.

In addition, Figures 8A through 8C further depict the resulting swell being directed to travel along an incline slope from deep water to shallow water, which causes the swell to rise and, if desired, to cause the swell to form into a breaking wave.

It can be advantageous for travelling pivot 203 to move from an upper rear corner of prism structure 101 to a lower front corner as illustrated in Figures 8A-8C, as an increasing pressure zone is created between the second movable panel assembly 202 and the floor, causing an acceleration of displaced water, which can contribute further to the size and rate of travel of the resulting swell. In addition, it can be further advantageous for first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205 to remain in place as center travelling pivot 203 travels diagonally at a downward slope, as displaced water always remains ahead the stationary pivots 204 and 205, thereby allowing full submersion of wave generation system 100 and full efficiency in utilizing the entire surfaces of flow displacement system 200.

When used individually, wave generation system 100 comprising a rectangular prism structure 101 and one movable panel assembly 200, with travelling pivot 203 moving from upper rear to lower front, functions as a simplex wave generator as defined above. Travelling pivot 203 can retrace the linear path by moving from lower front to upper rear position which will (a) reset for the generation of a new swell and, (b) in the process, displace water from within prism structure 101 toward the opposite direction. The return cycle can be controlled to be slower (e.g., by control of drive system 300) to reduce the backflow. In some embodiments in which the system is deployed in a pool, wave generation system 100 can be positioned near a wall. Alternatively, if wave generation system 100 is located in the center of a double length pool, or in a natural body of water, the reverse cycle can be used to generate a wave in the opposite direction. A very sturdy roof over the apparatus could possibly help direct the water forward instead of upward. Alternatively, with a duplex system discussed below, a second module positioned below a first module will act the same as this simplex module by producing good force in the opposite direction, but the upper module will push water upward in an ineffective manner - this can be an advantage if a smaller wave is desired in the opposite direction.

The resulting swell will likely be inferior in size and quality for the lack of resistance that is typically provided by the floor in the preferred method. However, in some embodiments, upon completion of actuation of the displacement assembly in the preferred manner, the apparatus can be rotated backward (e.g., about ninety degrees), wherein lower rear corner becomes lower front corner and upper rear corner becomes lower rear corner, thereby positioning travelling pivot 203 in the preferred starting position in order to produce a stronger swell in the opposite direction. One skilled in the art will recognize that existing or modestly modified tipping or dumping rotational means can reasonably be applied for this purpose.

In some embodiments, the center travelling pivot 203 can be controlled to start or stop anywhere along the diagonal track, thereby increasing or reducing the output or amount of volume displacement. Further, the rate of travel of the center travelling pivot 203, by way of the drive system 300 and controls, can be controlled to increase or decrease the power of the output of the displaced substance (e.g., water).

With respect to wave frequency, the present systems can be configured to achieve any of a variety of wave frequencies. For example, hydraulic cylinders, valving, and pumps can be sized for any speed, and the distance of travel depends on the size of the system. Having adequately sized hydraulic or pneumatic systems, the only limitation of wave frequency is the time required to reverse/reload the displacement panels to the starting position. Travel distance can be short to long stroke depending on how a particular system is sized. In some embodiments, anything less than ten seconds per swell cycle can be considered too frequent for serious wave riders (e.g., surfer, boogey boards), but amusement wave pools for the general public prefer water agitation over large defined swells. In this regard, the present systems, devices and methods can pulse short strokes at any of a wide range of frequencies.

The configurations described herein are also conducive to portability since the structures discussed are self-contained and manageable. Drive systems are contained within or upon the structure. Materials of construction can be suitable for a natural body of water or an ocean environment regarding the corrosiveness of salt water and types of sea life that adhere to surfaces (coatings such as hull coatings, etc.). Structural members can be made of fiberglass pultrusions including I-beams, channel, angle and plate. Some fittings can be fiberglass fittings. Therefore can be easily transported upon a barge and lowered by crane to a sea floor. Pilings can be set as a foundation and provide a means to connect the structure to foundation. In a further aspect, the presently disclosed wave generation system

100 can be arranged as a an element of a duplex apparatus for the displacement of the volume of a prism. Referring now to Figures 9A and 9B, for example, a duplex prism configuration 400 can comprise a first simplex wave generation system 100 stacked vertically upon a second wave generation system 100A. In some embodiments for a duplex prism configuration 400, as viewed from a side end, has a first wave generation system 100 (e.g., having a configuration as described above) positioned above a second wave generation system 100A that is inverted vertically.

Therefore, in a starting position, first movable panel assembly 201 of the first wave generation system 100 forms a roof of wave generation system 100, and second movable panel assembly 202 of the first wave generation system 100 forms a back wall of wave generation system 100, while first movable panel assembly 201 of second wave generation system 100A forms a floor of second wave generation system 100A and second movable panel assembly 202 forms a back wall of second wave generation system 100A.

Referring still to Figures 9A and 9B, when actuated, the center travelling pivot 203 of the first wave generation system 100 moves at a downward sloping angle toward the lower front corner of the first wave generation system 100, which causes the first movable panel assembly 201 to swing downward toward the front opening of wave generation system 100 and simultaneously causes the second movable panel assembly 202 to swing downward toward the mid-section horizontal plane of duplex prism configuration 400, while first and second stationary pivots 204 and 205 remain in place.

In some embodiments, first wave generation system 100 and second wave generation system 100A can be linked so that both prisms operate in a synchronized manner. For example, synchronization can be achieved by use of electronic process controls and appropriate PLC, electronic position sensing, valving, and switching components.

Alternatively or in addition, in some embodiments, the wave generation systems can be linked mechanically, wherein the movement of each system influences the movement of the other. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 10A-1 0C, for example, a cable and pulley system can be used to link the movement of the wave generation systems. In particular, for example, the travelling pivots 203 of each of first and second wave generation systems 100 and 100A can be linked by way of a first cable system 120 and a second cable system 120A. In some embodiments, first cable system 120 connects to leading side of travelling pivot 203 of first wave generation system 100 across a first series of pulleys 121 located on structural members 106, and connecting to a trailing side of travelling pivot 203 of second wave generation system 100A. A second cable system 120A connects to a leading side of travelling pivot 203 of second wave generation system 101 A across a second series of pulleys 122 located on structural members 106 and connecting to a trailing side of travelling pivot 203 of first wave generation system 100. In this way, as each travelling pivot 203 travels, the rate of travel of the other is synchronized with it, causing both travelling pivots 203 to travel at the same rate. In some embodiments, first and second cable systems 120 and 120A can be constructed of cable or belt, for example, and utilize any of a wide range of materials suitable for the load for example, including but not limited to, steel, polymer, polymer with steel ply, etc.

Regardless of the particular configuration for the duplex system, referring to Figures 1 1 A through 1 1 D, duplex prism configuration 400 can be utilized to displace a large volume of fluid (e.g., water) to create a swell between the convergence of flow displacement assemblies 200 and the fluid surface. In some embodiments, duplex prism configuration 400 can be submerged in a body of water and secured to the floor of a pool or natural body of water (e.g. ocean floor), and wherein, first movable panel assembly 201 of first wave generation system 100 is pivoted in an arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally downward direction during a first phase of movement and then in a generally forward direction during a second phase of movement. Second movable panel assembly 202 is pivoted in a complementary arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally forward direction during the first phase of movement and then in a generally downward direction during the second phase of movement.

Simultaneously, first movable panel assembly 201 of second wave generation system 100A is pivoted in an arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally upward direction during a first phase of movement and then in a generally forward direction during a second phase of movement. Second movable panel assembly 202 is pivoted in a complementary arc that tends to displace the fluid first in a generally forward direction during the first phase of movement and then in a generally upward direction during the second phase of movement.

In this way, the combined action of flow displacement assemblies 200 of the first and second wave generation systems 100 and 100A results in a first displacement of fluid away from first wave generation system 100 being additively combined with a second displacement of fluid away from second wave generation system 100A, which results in the displacement of the large volume of fluid outwardly from duplex prism configuration 400.

Advantageously, in reviewing Figures 10B though 10D, it can be seen that, due to the combined nature of first and second wave generation systems 100 and 100A, when actuated, the center travelling pivot 203 of the second wave generation system 100A moves at an upward sloping angle from the lower rear toward the upper front corner of the second wave generation system 100A, which causes the first movable panel assembly 201 to swing upward toward the front opening of the prism structure 101 and simultaneously causes the second movable panel assembly 202 to swing upward toward the mid-section horizontal plane of duplex prism configuration 400, while first while second stationary pivots 204 and 205 remain in place.

There is an advantage in having the travelling pivot 203 of the first wave generation system 100 move from upper rear corner to lower front corner, while simultaneously, the travelling pivot 203 of the second wave generation system 100A moves from the lower rear corner to the upper front corner of the second wave generation system 100A, as an increasing pressure zone is created between the bottom of the first wave generation system 100 and the top of the second wave generation system 100A, causing an acceleration of displaced fluid which contributes further to the size, and rate of travel of the resulting swell.

In addition, by combining two wave generation systems 100 and 100A that the duplex prism configuration 400 is capable of doubling the amount of displaced fluid. Yet, as a further advantage, in accomplishing this doubling, the structure itself requires no further upsizing as in size, girth, or weight of the structural members as would be the case if a single wave generation system 100 is doubled in size. Accordingly, drive systems require no further upsizing as well. Therefore, unit costs along with shipping and handling of components is more easily managed and the size of the equipment required to handle the components remains reasonable. There is further advantage in shipping of assembled goods and further advantage still in the size and type of equipment needed for on-site assembly

One skilled in the art will recognize that a first wave generation system 100 and second wave generation system 100A can each be constructed individually and joined together at the bottom of the first wave generation system 100 and the top of the second wave generation system 100A, or the combined structures, duplex prism configuration 400 can be integrated at the bottom of the first wave generation system 100 and the top of the second wave generation system 100A.

In addition to the output control described above, a further level of control can be achieved by altering the starting position of either first wave generation system 100 or second wave generation system 100A, by altering the starting position of both systems, and/or by rendering either system inactive, such as by holding flow displacement assembly 200 of the inactive wave generation system in a forward position.

An electrical control system can be used to control a wide array of sensors and the many ways that they can be utilized to measure or delineate, for example, rate of linear travel, linear travel distance or rotation count, rotation, rate of rotation, etc., and the many combinations of such in order to vary displacement output of the invention. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that with these devices, along with electronic controls (e.g., programmable logic controls and user interface), a virtually unlimited variation of displacement output can be achieved.

Combining of more than one wave generation system vertically has been discussed, and a simplex or duplex arrangement as such can be given the term "module." It should be recognized to one skilled in the art that more than one module can be arranged horizontally (e.g., in line or in a staggered arrangement). The number of modules and the design of the horizontal arrangement can vary according to the creative requirements of the user. Modules can be actuated in phase or out of phase in a desired sequence to further influence the wave characteristics.

In any of the embodiments of the presently-disclosed subject matter, a variety of advantages over existing technologies can be realized. In some embodiments, for example, waves can be produced at a comparatively high frequency (e.g., 6 - 10 seconds per cycle). In some embodiments, the system is compact and self-contained, particularly where the drive systems and any control systems are integrated within the prism structure. Smaller drive system components compared to conventional systems can be comparatively cost effective. In some embodiments, the present wave generation systems can be readily placed, raised, and lowered by crane for installation or removal for maintenance. Further regarding this portability, the present systems can be placed upon a truck trailer bed, railcar bed, or barge for transfer to a location and lowered onto a pre-installed foundation (e.g., pilings with mounting plates). The portability of these systems also makes removal and transport for maintenance easier. The present systems can be completely submerged, and thus substantially all of the displacement apparatus surface is submerged, resulting in greater output. The displacement apparatus can further comprise greater surface area per cubic foot of prism - due to 50% to 100% greater surface area of the displacement apparatus.

Regarding operation, increases in volumetric displacement can be achieved by linearly scaling the horse power and energy required. In some embodiments, the output can be controlled to vary volumetric displacement by limiting positions of the displacement assembly within the prism, to vary a rate of travel of the displacement assembly, or to vary both the limit position and the rate. Further in this regard, with a duplex prism configuration, the system can be selectively operated to pulse only one cell, applying variations as described above, or pulse both cells, apply any of the variations described above equally to each cell. The present systems can also be configured to vary the swell angle by adjusting the angle of the module to shore, or by in-phase and out of phase pulsing of multiple modules.

The present subject matter can be embodied in other forms without departure from the spirit and essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments described therefore are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Although the present subject matter has been described in terms of certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments that are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of the present subject matter.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1 . A fluid displacement device comprising:

a first panel assembly having a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a first fixed pivot;

a second panel assembly having a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a second fixed pivot, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; and

at least one drive system connected to one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and operable to drive the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly to pivot about the first fixed pivot and about the second pivot, respectively, to displace a volume of fluid away from the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly.

2. The fluid displacement device of claim 1 , wherein one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly comprises:

a first panel connected to the travelling end of a respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and extending toward the stationary end of the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly;

a second panel connected to the stationary end and extending toward the travelling end;

wherein the first panel and the second panel are movable with respect to each other such that the traveling end is movable with respect to the stationary end to correspondingly change a length of the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly.

3. The fluid displacement device of claim 2, wherein the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly comprises an integrated slide or roller system that couples the first panel and the second panel together but allows for relative movement between the first panel and the second panel.

4. The fluid displacement device of claim 2, wherein the one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly are configured such that relative movement between the first panel and the second panel causes the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly to pivot about the respective one of the first fixed pivot or the second pivot.

5. The fluid displacement device of claim 4, wherein the at least one drive system comprises at least one linear drive component configured to apply a force sufficient to cause relative movement between the first panel and the second panel of the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly.

6. The fluid displacement device of claim 1 , wherein the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly are positioned within a structural frame defining a substantially open front, a rear, a top, and a bottom;

wherein the first fixed pivot is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the front and the top of the structural frame; and

wherein the second fixed pivot is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the bottom and the rear of the structural frame.

7. The fluid displacement device of claim 6, wherein the traveling end of the first panel assembly and the traveling end of the second panel assembly are coupled to a common traveling pivot that is movable along one or more tracks extending between a first track end and a second track end coupled to the structural frame, wherein the first track end is positioned at or near a junction of the top and the rear of the structural frame, and wherein the second track end is positioned at or near a junction of the bottom and the front of the structural frame.

8. The fluid displacement device of claim 7, comprising a traveler coupled to each end of the traveling pivot and movably engaged with a respective one of the one or more tracks.

9. The fluid displacement device of claim 8, wherein the traveler comprises a mechanism selected from the group consisting of a roller, a pinion, and a slide.

10. The fluid displacement device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one drive system comprises a torque drive comprising a motor and a power transmission component, wherein the torque drive is controllable to drive the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly to pivot about the first fixed pivot and about the second pivot, respectively.

1 1 . A fluid displacement system comprising an array of fluid displacement devices according to any of claims 1 -10 positioned next to or near one another.

12. A fluid displacement system comprising two fluid displacement devices according to any of claims 2-1 1 in a stacked arrangement, wherein the two fluid displacement devices are positioned with respect to one another such that a first displacement of fluid away from a first of the two fluid displacement devices is additively combined with a second displacement of fluid away from a second of the two fluid displacement devices.

13. A fluid displacement device comprising:

a structural frame comprising two opposing side portions separated by a substantially open front, a rear, a top, and a bottom;

a first panel assembly positioned within the structural frame, wherein the first panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a first fixed pivot that is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the front and the top of the structural frame;

a second panel assembly positioned within the structural frame, wherein the second panel assembly has a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to a second fixed pivot that is attached to the structural frame at or near a junction of the rear and the bottom of the structural frame, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly; and

at least one drive system connected to one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and operable to drive the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly to pivot about the first fixed pivot and about the second pivot, respectively, to displace a volume of fluid out of the structural frame.

14. The fluid displacement device of claim 13, wherein the traveling end of the first panel assembly and the traveling end of the second panel assembly are coupled to a common traveling pivot that is movable along one or more tracks extending between a first track end and a second track end coupled to one or both of the side portions of the structural frame, wherein the first track end is positioned at or near a junction of the top and the rear of the structural frame, and wherein the second track end is positioned at or near a junction of the bottom and the front of the structural frame.

15. The fluid displacement device of claim 14, comprising a traveler coupled to each end of the traveling pivot and movably engaged with a respective one of the one or more tracks.

16. The fluid displacement device of claim 15, wherein the traveler comprises a mechanism selected from the group consisting of a roller, a pinion, and a slide.

17. A method for fluid displacement, the method comprising: pivoting a first panel assembly about a first fixed pivot, wherein the first panel assembly comprises a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to the first fixed pivot; and

pivoting a second panel assembly about a second fixed pivot, wherein the second panel assembly comprises a stationary end and a traveling end substantially opposing the stationary end, wherein the stationary end is pivotably coupled to the second fixed pivot, and wherein the traveling end is connected to the traveling end of the first panel assembly;

wherein pivoting the first panel assembly about the first fixed pivot and pivoting the second panel assembly about the second pivot displaces a volume of fluid away from the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly comprises:

a first panel connected to the stationary end of a respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly and extending toward the traveling end of the respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly;

a second panel connected to the traveling end and extending toward the stationary end;

19. The method of claim 18, wherein one or both of pivoting the first panel assembly about the first fixed pivot or pivoting the second panel assembly about the second pivot comprises controllably applying a force to cause relative movement between the first panel and the second panel of a respective one of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the first panel assembly and the second panel assembly are positioned within a structural frame defining a substantially open front, a rear, a top, and a bottom;

21 . The method of claim 20, wherein the traveling end of the first panel assembly and the traveling end of the second panel assembly are coupled to a common traveling pivot that is movable along one or more tracks extending between a first track end and a second track end coupled to the structural frame, wherein the first track end is positioned at or near a junction of the top and the rear of the structural frame, and wherein the second track end is positioned at or near a junction of the bottom and the front of the structural frame;

wherein pivoting the first panel assembly about the first fixed pivot comprises moving the traveling end of the first panel assembly along the one or more tracks; and

wherein pivoting the second panel assembly about the second fixed pivot comprises moving the traveling end of the second panel assembly along the one or more tracks.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein pivoting the first panel assembly about the first fixed pivot and pivoting the second panel assembly about the second fixed pivot comprises controllably applying a torque to one or both of the first panel assembly or the second panel assembly.