Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
  • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
  • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
  • H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping
  • H04B7/06966—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping using beam correspondence; using channel reciprocity, e.g. downlink beam training based on uplink sounding reference signal [SRS]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
  • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
  • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
  • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
  • H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
  • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
  • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
  • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
  • H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
  • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
  • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
  • H04W36/085—Reselecting an access point involving beams of access points
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
  • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
  • H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
  • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
  • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
  • H04W72/51—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W76/00—Connection management
  • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
  • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
  • H04W16/24—Cell structures
  • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/06—Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
  • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
  • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
  • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
  • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
  • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

• the following relates generally to wireless communication and more specifically to determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence between wireless nodes.
• Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on.
• These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power).
• Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
• CDMA code-division multiple access
• TDMA time-division multiple access
• FDMA frequency-division multiple access
• OFDMA orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
• a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication with multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipments (UEs).
• a base station may communicate with UEs on downlink (DL) channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station to a UE) and uplink (UL) channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station).
• DL downlink
• UL uplink
• Wireless communication systems may operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequency ranges, e.g., 28 GHz, 40 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.
• Wireless communication at these frequencies may be associated with increased signal attenuation (e.g., path loss), which may be influenced by various factors, such as temperature, barometric pressure, diffraction, etc.
• signal processing techniques such as beamforming, may be used to coherently combine energy and overcome the path losses at these frequencies. Due to the increased amount of path loss in mmW communication systems, transmissions from the base station and/or the UE may be beamformed.
• Wireless communication between two wireless nodes may use beams or beamformed signals for transmission and/or reception.
• a base station may transmit beamformed signals on DL beams associated with the base station.
• a UE may receive a signal on one or more DL beams associated with the UE.
• the DL beam associated with the base station and the DL beam associated with the UE used for DL communication between the base station and the UE constitute a DL beam pair.
• a UE may transmit beamformed signals on UL beams associated with the UE.
• a base station may receive a signal on one or more UL beams associated with the base station.
• the UL beam associated with the UE and the UL beam associated with the base station used for UL communication between the UE and the base station constitute an UL beam pair.
• the DL beam pair and the UL beam pair may be the same (e.g., may represent the same beam pairs). In other instances, differences may exist between a DL beam pair and an UL beam pair.
• Some examples of wireless communication systems support determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence (e.g., a level of beam reciprocity) between wireless nodes.
• a downlink (DL) transmission via one or more beams, from a transmitting wireless node (e.g., evolved nodeB (e B)) may be used to identify a corresponding DL reception beam for a receiving wireless node (e.g., user equipment (UE)).
• the DL transmission beam and DL reception beam may be identified as a beam pair for the wireless nodes (e.g., a DL beam pair).
• a level of correspondence may be determined for one or both of the wireless nodes.
• a level of correspondence may be determined between a DL transmission beam and an uplink (UL) reception beam of a first wireless node (e.g., a transmitting wireless node) when communicating with a second wireless node (e.g., a receiving wireless node).
• a level of correspondence may be determined between a DL reception beam and an UL transmission beam of the second wireless node when communicating with the first wireless node.
• a wireless node determines a level of correspondence between a transmit and receive beam, these beams may be used to communicate with other wireless nodes.
• a level of correspondence may be indicated such that, for example, the DL beam training information (e.g., beam pair) may be used to identify a beam pair for UL communication.
• a method of wireless communication may include exchanging one or more signals between a first wireless node and a second wireless node and determining, at the first wireless node and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node.
• the apparatus may include means for exchanging one or more signals between a first wireless node and a second wireless node and means for determining, at the first wireless node and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node.
• the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and
• the instructions may be operable to cause the processor to exchange one or more signals between a first wireless node and a second wireless node and determine, at the first wireless node and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node.
• a non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication is described.
• the non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to exchange one or more signals between a first wireless node and a second wireless node and determine, at the first wireless node and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node.
• the range of correspondence includes full correspondence, partial correspondence, or no correspondence.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non- transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a range of correspondence between a transmit beam of the second wireless node and a receive beam of the second wireless node.
• exchanging one or more signals between the first wireless node and the second wireless node includes receiving, from the second wireless node, a signal indicating a range of calibration values associated with a transmit path and a receive path of the second wireless node.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for using the range of calibration values to determine a range of
• the range of calibration values includes at least one of a range of amplitude error of antenna weights, a range of phase error of antenna weights, or
• the range of calibration values includes at least a difference between amplitude error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, a difference between phase error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, or combinations thereof.
• exchanging one or more signals between the first wireless node and the second wireless node includes receiving, from the second wireless node, a signal indicating a downlink quality of a transmission on a downlink beam pair that includes the transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the second wireless node.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining, at the first wireless node, an uplink quality of a transmission on an uplink beam pair that includes a transmit beam of the second wireless node and the receive beam of the first wireless node.
• the first wireless node and the second wireless node may apply a similar beam shape for the transmit beam and the receive beam.
• the similar beam shape indicates that the transmit beam and the receive beam use a same set of antenna elements, or beam widths, or point to a same direction, or a combination thereof.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for using the downlink quality and the uplink quality to determine the range of correspondence between the transmit beam of the second wireless node and the receive beam of the second wireless node.
• receiving the signal indicating the downlink quality includes receiving an indication of at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), or a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a signal-to-noise ratio (S R), or a signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), or a channel quality indicator (CQI), or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), or a combination thereof of the transmission on the downlink beam pair.
• RSRP reference signal received power
• R reference signal received quality
• SINR signal-to-noise ratio
• SINR channel quality indicator
• RSSI received signal strength indicator
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining an uncertainty region for beam mapping based on the determined difference.
• the range of correspondence corresponds to a breadth of the uncertainty region.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a difference between indices of a receive beam of the second wireless node and a transmit beam of the second wireless node.
• exchanging one or more signals includes receiving, from the second wireless node, an indication of a range of correspondence between a transmit beam of the second wireless node and a receive beam of the second wireless node.
• receiving the indication of the range of correspondence between the transmit beam of the second wireless node and the receive beam of the second wireless node includes receiving the indication as part of a handover procedure.
• the handover procedure is either a backward handover procedure or a forward handover procedure.
• Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a range of a beam sweep to be performed based at least in part on the range of correspondence and on a triggering event.
• a range of a beam sweep to be performed for each of multiple simultaneous communication links may be different.
• the triggering event includes awaking in connected mode from a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle whose duration exceeds a threshold.
• DRX discontinuous reception
• FIGs. 4A-4C illustrate examples of process flows that support determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure
• FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless device configured for use in wireless communication that supports determining and indicating a range of beam
• FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless
• FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless
• Some examples of wireless communication systems support both determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence (e.g., a level of a range of beam reciprocity) between wireless nodes.
• a downlink (DL) transmission, via one or more beams, from a transmitting wireless node e.g., evolved nodeB (eNB)
• eNB evolved nodeB
• the wireless nodes may avoid performing a beam sweep to identify a beam pair (i.e., transmission beam and reception beam).
• the level of beam correspondence may be below a threshold and a wireless node may perform at least a partial beam sweep (e.g., of a plurality of beams, a subset of the plurality of beams, etc.) to identify a beam pair (i.e., a transmission/reception beam) for the wireless nodes.
• a level of correspondence may exist for UL and DL beams at a single node, and these beams may be utilized for communications with other wireless nodes.
• a condition may include that the first wireless node (e.g., eNB) determines a transmitted beam for a DL transmission based on an UL measurement associated with the transmission of one or more beams from the second wireless node.
• a wireless node e.g., UE
• a wireless node may determine a reception beam for a DL based on an indication in the DL transmission beam identifying a base beam. As a result, the wireless node may determine a DL reception beam based on the indication.
• the communication system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro and/or small cell base stations). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 for different technologies.
• the wireless communication system 100 is an LTE/LTE-A network.
• the term evolved Node B (eNB) may be generally used to describe the base stations 105
• the term UE may be generally used to describe the UEs 115.
• the wireless communication system 100 may be a Heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB or base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, and/or other types of cell.
• the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time.
• the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time.
• the techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
• the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 1 15 and a base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for the user plane data.
• RRC Radio Resource Control
• the transport channels may be mapped to Physical channels.
• base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 may include multiple antennas for employing antenna diversity schemes to improve communication quality and reliability between base stations 105 and UEs 115. Additionally or alternatively, base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 may employ multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) techniques that may take advantage of multi-path environments to transmit multiple spatial layers carrying the same or different coded data.
• MIMO multiple-input, multiple-output
• base station 105 or UE 115 may communicate one or more messages via RRC.
• the RRC protocol handles the Layer 3 control plane signaling by which the E-UTRAN controls the UE behavior.
• the RRC protocol supports the transfer of both common and dedicated Non- Access Stratum information. It covers a number of functional areas including System Information (SI) broadcasting, connection control including handover within LTE, network-controlled inter-Radio Access Technology (radio access technology (RAT)) mobility, and measurement configuration and reporting.
• SI System Information
• RAT radio access technology
• base station 105 or UE 115 may communicate one or more messages via a random access channel (RACH).
• RACH random access channel
• the signals may be DL signals transmitted from the base station 105 during discovery.
• the discovery procedure may be cell-specific, e.g., may be directed in incremental directions around the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 105.
• the discovery procedure may be used, at least in certain aspects, to identify and select beam(s) to be used for beamformed transmissions between the base station 105 and a UE 115.
• base station 105 and UE 115 may avoid performing a beam sweep to identify a beam pair (i.e., transmission beam and reception beam).
• the level of beam correspondence may be below a threshold and base station 105 or UE 115 may perform at least a partial beam sweep (e.g., of a plurality of beams, a subset of the plurality of beams, etc.) to identify a beam pair (i.e., a transmission/reception beam) for the wireless nodes.
• the range of calibration values may include at least one of a range of amplitude error of antenna weights, a range of phase error of the antenna weights, or combinations thereof.
• the range of calibration values may include at least a difference between amplitude error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, a difference between phase error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, or combinations thereof.
• Base station 105-a or UE 115-a may determine an uncertainty for beam mapping based on a difference between amplitude error of antenna weights and phase error of antenna weights.
• a transmit path associated with DL and UL signals in wireless communication system 200 may be subject to amplitude and phase error.
• Base station 105-a or UE 115-a may compute an array weight vector associated with amplitude and phase error of an incoming signal (e.g., transmission beam) based on the following equation: w, - jkd(sin0)+S l tx e -j(N-l)kd(sinB)+S ⁇ N _ 1) tx ⁇ ) ideal 0,tx N-l,tx where oc 0 tx is the amplitude error that may be a value within a range (e.g., 0.9 to 1.1), k is the wavenumber of the incoming signal (i.e., transmission beam), N is the number of antenna elements of the antenna array, d is the spacing between the antenna elements of an antenna array, and ⁇ is the angle of the incoming signal.
• Phase error may, in some cases, shift a direction of one or more beams associated with base station 105-a or UE 115-a.
• Base station 105-a or UE 115-a may compute an array weight vector associated with phase distortion and angular shift for a transmit or receive path signal based on the following equation:
• base station 105-a or UE 115-a may be restricted from shifting a beam towards an angle of arrival, even when the angular shift term ⁇ is equal to zero, based on the presence of random phase error. As a result, there may be an absence of a level of beam correspondence for base station 105-a or UE 115-a.
• the frequency resource and/or RACH waveform used for the transmission of the RACH message may correspond to the symbol of the identified DL transmission beam.
• base station 105-a may identify a DL reception beam of
• base station 105-a and UE 115-a may receive an indication identifying a level of correspondence between a DL transmission beam of base station 105-a and a DL reception beam of UE 115-a as part of a handover procedure.
• a handover procedure may be a forward handover operation between base station 105-a and UE 115-a.
• the handover procedure may be a backward handover operation between base station 105-a and UE 115-a.
• Base station 105-a and UE 115-a may determine a range of beam sweep based on the level of correspondence or a triggering event, or a combination thereof.
• a triggering event may include a UE 115-a transitioning to a connected mode from a DRX cycle.
• UE 115-a may transition to a connected mode from a DRX cycle whose duration exceeds a threshold duration.
• the triggering event may include a configuration change of a transmission sub-array or a reception sub-array.
• the triggering event may include a temperature change of base station 105-a or UE 115-a. For example, a temperature of UE 115-a may exceed a predetermined threshold temperature.
• UE 115-a may modify a beam sweep range based on the temperature change.
• the beam sweep range may be different for different links ⁇ e.g., DL or UL).
• base station 105-a or UE 115-a may be precluded from attaining a full array gain.
• wireless communication systems 200 may configure base station 105-a or UE 115-a to calibrate.
• base station 105-a or UE 115-a may calibrate one or more receiver chain components associated with base station 105-a or UE 115-a.
• Calibrating one or more receiver chain components of base station 105-a or UE 115-a may be based on using an external component with base station 105-a or UE 115-a.
• an external component (not shown) may generate an external reference signal of known amplitude and phase.
• calibrating one or more receiver chain components of base station 105-a or UE 115-a may be based on generating a reference signal using an existing transmit chain and measuring a received signal using one or more receive chains.
• base station 105-a or UE 115-a may generate a reference signal using an existing transmit chain of base station 105-a or UE 115-a and measure a received signal using a receive chain of base station 105-a or UE 115-a.
• UE 115-a or base station 105-a may simultaneously transmit with one antenna array element and receive at another antenna array element.
• the mutual coupling, in some examples, among the elements may be the same, and the mutual coupling amplitudes may be within a dynamic range.
• UE 1 15-a or base station 105-a may perform gain calibration based on generating a signal with high gain fidelity on a transmit chain.
• UE 1 15- a may transmit at a high signal level based on UE 1 15-a being within a region where output power may be consistent across temperature and process variations.
• base station 105-a may experience interference based on UE 1 15-a transmitting at a high signal level.
• UE 1 15-a may coordinate its calibration with base station 105-a to mitigate interference between UE 1 15-a and base station 105-a. For example, during calibration, UE 1 15-a may avoid beamforming in a direction towards base station 105-a.
• FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 300 that supports determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
• Wireless communication system 300 may be an example of one or more aspects of wireless communication system 100 or 200 of FIGs. 1 or 2. Some examples of wireless communication system 300 may be a mmW wireless communication system.
• Wireless communication system 300 may include UE 1 15-b and base station 105-b, which may be one or more aspects of UEs 1 15 and base stations 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. The described techniques of wireless
• communication system 300 supports determining a range of beam correspondence between UE 1 15-b and base station 105-b.
• beams 305-a through 305-d may be one or more aspects of beams 205-a through 205-d as described with reference to FIG. 2.
• beams 305-a through 305-d may be one or more aspects of DL reception beams.
• UE 115-b may determine a DL reception beam based on a DL signal received from base station 105-b.
• UE 115-b may determine a level of beam correspondence based on the received DL transmission signal.
• the received DL transmission signal may be associated with an individual DL transmission beam (e.g., DL transmission beams 205-a through 205-d as described with reference to FIG. 2).
• beams 305-a through 305-d may be one or more aspects of an UL transmission beam.
• UE 115-b may transmit an UL signal via one or more UL transmission beams (e.g., UL transmission beams 305-a through 305-d) to base station 105-b.
• UE 115-b may transmit UL signals in a beamformed manner and sweep through an angular coverage region for a geographic coverage area 110-b.
• Each UL transmission beam 305-a through 305-d may be transmitted in a beam sweeping operation in different directions.
• UL transmission beam 305-a may be transmitted in a first direction, UL
• transmission beam 305-b may be transmitted in a second direction
• UL transmission beam 305-c may be transmitted in a third direction
• UL transmission beam 305-d may be transmitted in a fourth direction.
• wireless communication system 300 illustrates four UL transmission beams, i.e., UL transmission beams 305-a through 305-d, it is to be understood that fewer or more UL transmission beams may be transmitted.
• the UL transmission beams 305 may alternatively be transmitted at different beam widths, at variable elevation angles, etc.
• beams 305-a through 305-d may be associated with a beam index, e.g., an indicator identifying the UL transmission beam.
• Base station 105-b may, in some examples, identify an UL reception beam based on the beam index received and associated with the UL transmission beam (e.g., UL transmission beam 305-b).
• Calibration values may include a range of amplitude error of antenna weights, or a range of phase error compensating weight values, or a combination thereof as described with reference to FIG. 2.
• Base station 105-b may include an indication in the response signal to UE 115-b of an UL quality associated with the UL transmission beam.
• UE 115-b may transmit an indication of the RSRP or RSRQ of a DL reception to base station 105-b.
• Base station 105-b may determine an UL quality associated with an UL transmission beam from UE 115-b.
• the UL quality may be based on SNR or SINR of an UL beam pair.
• an UL beam pair may include an UL transmit beam (e.g., UL transmission beam 305-a) associated with UE 115-b and an UL reception beam associated with base station 105-b (not shown).
• Base station 105-b and UE 115-b may determine an amount of beam sweep based on the level of correspondence or a triggering event, or a combination thereof.
• a triggering event may include a UE 115-b transitioning to a connected mode from a DRX cycle.
• UE 115-b may transition to a connected mode from a DRX cycle whose duration exceeds a threshold duration.
• the triggering event may also include a configuration change of a transmission sub-array or a reception sub-array.
• the triggering event may include a temperature change of UE 115-b. For example, a temperature of UE 115-b may exceed a predetermined threshold temperature.
• UE 115-b may modify a beam sweep range based on the temperature change.
• the beam sweep range may be different for different links (e.g., DL or UL).
• base station 105-c may receive calibration values from UE 1 15-c.
• UE 1 15-c may transmit a signal indication to base station 105-c.
• the transmitted signal via UE 1 15-c, may indicate a range of calibration values associated with a transmit path and a receive path of UE 1 15-c.
• UE 115-e may transmit an indication of DL reception beam to base station 105-e.
• base station 105-e may identify a DL beam pair based on the received indication of the DL reception beam from UE 115-e.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram 500 of a wireless device 505 configured for use in wireless communication that supports determining and indicating a range of beam correspondence, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
• Wireless device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or base station 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1-4.
• Wireless device 505 may include receiver 510, beam correspondence manager 515, and transmitter 520.
• Wireless device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
• correspondence component 630 may use the range of calibration values to determine the range of correspondence between the transmit beam of the second wireless node and a receive beam of the second wireless node.
• the range of calibration values includes at least one of a range of amplitude error of antenna weights, a range of phase error of the antenna weights, or combinations thereof.
• the range of calibration values includes at least a difference between amplitude error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, a difference between phase error of antenna weights associated with the transmit path and the receive path, or
• Base station communications manager 950 may manage communication with other base stations 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communication with UEs 1 15 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the base station communications manager 950 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 1 15 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, base station communications manager 950 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide
• UE 115 or base station 105 may determine, at the first wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, UE 115 or base station 105 may determine a range of correspondence between transmit beam of the second wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and a receive beam of the second wireless node. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1010 may be performed by a correspondence component as described with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7. [0151] FIG.
• UE 115 or base station 105 may determine, at the first wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node.
• the operations of block 1110 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIG. 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1110 may be performed by a correspondence component as described with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7.
• UE 115 or base station 105 may determine, at the first wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node. In some examples, UE 115 or base station 105 may use the DL quality or the UL quality to determine the range of correspondence between the transmit beam of the second wireless node and the receive beam of the second wireless node. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1220 may be performed by a correspondence component as described with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7.
• UE 115 or base station 105 may determine, at the first wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and based at least in part on the one or more signals, a range of correspondence between at least one of a transmit beam of the first wireless node and a receive beam of the first wireless node. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 or base station 105 may determine a range of correspondence between a transmit beam of the second wireless node (i.e., UE 115 or base station 105) and a receive beam of the second wireless node.
• the operations of block 1310 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 10 through 12. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1310 may be performed by a correspondence component as described with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7.
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications system UMTS
• 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE- Advanced (LTE- A) are releases of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that use E-UTRA.
• UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE- A, NR, and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) are described in documents from the organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3 GPP).
• CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2).
• the techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects an LTE or an NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE or NR applications.
• the term evolved node B may be generally used to describe the base stations.
• the wireless communication system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE- A or NR network in which different types of evolved node B (eNBs) provide coverage for various geographical regions.
• eNBs evolved node B
• each eNB, gNB or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell.
• the term "cell” may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area ⁇ e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.
• the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time.
• the techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

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• 2017
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