WO2018082348A1 - 一种充电器及充电方法 - Google Patents

一种充电器及充电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082348A1
WO2018082348A1 PCT/CN2017/094708 CN2017094708W WO2018082348A1 WO 2018082348 A1 WO2018082348 A1 WO 2018082348A1 CN 2017094708 W CN2017094708 W CN 2017094708W WO 2018082348 A1 WO2018082348 A1 WO 2018082348A1
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charger
charging
signal
circuit
voltage signal
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PCT/CN2017/094708
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘世伟
彭聪
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西安中兴新软件有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2018082348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082348A1/zh

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    • H02J7/045—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage

Definitions

  • the present application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of terminal charging technologies, and in particular, to a charger and a charging method.
  • the current charging mode forces the charging current output by the power adapter to increase. It is foreseeable that as the charging current increases, the charging efficiency will decrease, and the higher the current, the lower the charging efficiency will be.
  • the present application provides a charger and a charging method capable of improving terminal charging efficiency.
  • a charger comprising: a first charger, a charging line, and a second charger; the first charger and the second charger are configured to be detachably connected by a charging line;
  • the first charger is configured to perform positive full-wave rectification based on the power supply voltage and to filter the AC component.
  • the DC voltage signal is obtained;
  • the second charger is configured to perform a step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain a charging voltage signal.
  • the first charger may include: a transformer circuit, a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, an automatic source detection (APSD) circuit, a first charging line interface, and a first charging plug, and an input end of the transformer circuit and the first The output end of the charging plug is connected, the output end of the transformer circuit is connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input end of the filter circuit, and the output end of the filter circuit is connected to the input end of the first charging line interface.
  • the output of the first charging line interface is configured to be coupled to the first end of the charging line, and the input end of the first charging plug is configured to be coupled to the power source.
  • the transformer circuit can be configured to convert the first AC voltage signal of 220V into a second AC voltage signal of the first preset voltage value, and output the second AC voltage signal to the rectifier circuit; the rectifier circuit can be configured to be according to the second The AC voltage signal obtains a positive single pulse signal, and the positive single pulse signal is output to the filter circuit; the filter circuit can be configured to obtain a DC component of the positive single pulse signal according to the positive single pulse signal.
  • the APSD circuit may be configured to generate a first identification signal after the first charger is connected to the power source, and send the first identification signal to the second charger through the charging line, where the first identification signal is used to indicate the first charger. Has been connected to the power supply.
  • the filter circuit can only allow the zero frequency signal to pass, and the filter circuit can include a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel.
  • the second charger may include: a second charging line interface, a buck switching circuit, a low dropout linear regulator (LDO) voltage stabilizing circuit, a control circuit, and a second charging plug, and the second charging
  • the input end of the line interface is configured to be connected to the second end of the charging line
  • the first output end of the second charging line interface is connected to the input end of the BUCK switch circuit
  • the second output end of the second charging line interface is connected to the control circuit
  • the input end is connected, the output end of the BUCK switch circuit is connected to the input end of the LDO voltage regulator circuit
  • the output end of the control circuit is connected to the first input end of the second charging plug, the output end of the LDO regulator circuit and the second charging plug
  • the second input is connected, and the output of the second charging plug is configured to be connected to the charging terminal.
  • the BUCK switch circuit can be configured to convert the DC voltage signal from the first charger into a charging voltage signal of a second preset voltage value after receiving the PWM signal of the control circuit, and input the charging voltage signal to the LDO regulator. Circuit.
  • the control circuit may be configured to receive the first identification signal from the first charger, determine that the first charger is connected to the power source according to the first identification signal, and output a PWM signal to the BUCK circuit, so that the BUCK circuit will receive the
  • the DC voltage signal from the first charger is converted into a charging voltage signal of a second preset voltage value, and a second identification signal meeting the detection requirement of the dedicated charging port (DCP) is transmitted to the charging terminal, and the second identification signal is used to notify The charging terminal currently uses the first charger and the second charger for charging.
  • DCP dedicated charging port
  • the voltage of the DC voltage signal output by the first charger to the second charger may be no more than 35V.
  • a charging method comprising: performing a positive full-wave rectification based on a power supply voltage and filtering an alternating current component to obtain a direct current voltage signal, and transmitting the direct current voltage signal to a second charger, wherein the first charger and the second charger are detachably connected by a charging line; and the second charger performs a step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain a charging voltage signal.
  • the first charger performs positive-wave full-wave rectification and filtering the AC component based on the power supply voltage, and may include: converting the first AC voltage signal of 220V into a second AC voltage signal of the first preset voltage value, for the second AC The voltage signal is rectified to obtain a positive single pulse signal, and the positive single pulse signal is filtered to obtain a DC component of the positive single pulse signal.
  • the method may further include: after the first charger is connected to the power source, generating a first identification signal, and transmitting the first identification signal to the second charger; the first identification signal is used to indicate that the first charger has been Power connection.
  • the second charger performs a step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain the charging voltage signal, and the method includes: the second charger receives the first identification signal from the first charger and the DC voltage signal, and is determined according to the first identification signal. After the first charger is connected to the power source, the received DC voltage signal from the first charger is converted into a charging voltage signal of a second preset voltage value, and the second identification signal that meets the DCP detection requirement is sent to the charging terminal. The second identification signal is used to notify the charging terminal that the first charger and the second charger are currently used for charging.
  • the charger provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes that the internal circuit of the charger is distributed to both ends of the charging line by adjusting the structure of the charger, thereby reducing the loss of energy on the transmission line, and using the fast charging technology, using the present invention
  • the charger you apply can charge more efficiently and quickly than a normal charger.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charger
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charger and a charging terminal connected in a first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a first charger in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a second charger in the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a connection relationship between an APSD circuit in a charger ACDC and a charger DCDC in the second embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the APSD in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a flow chart showing a charging method in the third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charger and a charging terminal connected to charge a charging terminal. Based on the charger of this structure, the general process is as follows: the charger converts the alternating current into direct current, and then the direct current becomes a required 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V through a step-down conversion (BUCK) circuit. After input to the PMI (Power Management IC), the conversion is transferred to the battery.
  • BUCK step-down conversion
  • the charger internally converts 220V AC into 5V.
  • the output voltage is only 5V, resulting in a large charging current. If the current is large, the loss on the charging line is large. Indirectly reduces the charging efficiency of the entire charging system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charger and a charging terminal connected according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charger provided in this embodiment may include the following components:
  • a first charger a charging line (exemplarily, may be a USB (Universal Serial Bus) line), and a second charger; the first charger and the second charger are configured to be detachable by a charging line
  • the first charger is configured to perform positive-wave full-wave rectification based on the power supply voltage and filter the AC component to obtain a DC voltage signal; and the second charger is configured to perform a step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain a charging voltage signal.
  • the first charger outputs a signal of a high voltage and a low current to the second charger.
  • the voltage of the DC voltage signal output by the first charger to the second charger is not greater than 35V.
  • Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the first charger in the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the first charger may include:
  • Transformer circuit rectifier circuit, filter circuit, APSD (Automatic Power Source Detection) circuit, first charging line interface and first charging plug, wherein the input end of the transformer circuit and the output of the first charging plug The terminals are connected, the output end of the transformer circuit is connected to the input end of the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the input end of the filter circuit, and the output end of the filter circuit is connected to the input end of the first charging line interface, the first charging line
  • the output of the interface is configured to be coupled to the first end of the charging line, and the input of the first charging plug is configured to be coupled to the power source.
  • the transformer circuit shown in FIG. 3 is configured to convert a first alternating current signal of 220V into a second alternating voltage signal of a first preset voltage value, and output the second alternating current voltage signal to the rectifier circuit; the rectifier circuit The method is configured to obtain a positive single pulse signal according to the second alternating voltage signal, and output a positive single pulse signal to the filter circuit; and the filter circuit is configured to obtain a direct current component of the positive single pulse signal according to the positive single pulse signal.
  • the APSD circuit shown in FIG. 3 is configured to generate a first identification signal (D+ or D-signal) after the first charger is connected to the power source, the first identification signal being used to indicate that the first charger has been connected to the power source.
  • the connection ie, the second charger acquires the first identification signal to know that the first charger has been connected to the power source), and sends the first identification signal to the second charger through the charging line.
  • the second charger includes:
  • a second charging line interface a second charging line interface, a buck switching circuit, a low dropout regulator (LDO) voltage regulator circuit, a control circuit, and a second charging plug
  • LDO low dropout regulator
  • the output end of the switch circuit is connected to the input end of the LDO voltage stabilizing circuit
  • the output end of the control circuit is connected to the first input end of the second charging plug
  • the output end of the LDO voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the second input end of the second charging plug
  • the output end of the second charging plug is configured to be connected to the charging terminal.
  • the BUCK switch circuit is configured to convert the DC voltage signal from the first charger into a charging voltage signal of the second preset voltage value after receiving the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal of the control circuit, The charging voltage signal is input to the LDO regulator circuit.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the control circuit is configured to receive the first identification signal from the first charger, determine that the first charger is connected to the power source according to the first identification signal, and output a PWM signal to the BUCK switch circuit, so that the BUCK switch circuit will receive
  • the DC voltage signal from the first charger is converted into a charging voltage signal of the second preset voltage value, and the second identification signal that meets the detection requirement of the dedicated charging port (DCP) is sent to the charging terminal, where The second identification signal is used to inform the charging terminal that the first charger and the second charger are currently used for charging.
  • DCP dedicated charging port
  • the charger provided in this example reduces the loss of energy on the transmission line by adjusting the structure of the charger. Under the premise of using the fast charging technology, the charger of the embodiment can be charged more efficiently and quickly than the ordinary charger. .
  • the present embodiment provides a charger, which is the same as the charging principle of the charger provided in the first embodiment.
  • This embodiment describes the charger provided in this embodiment by disclosing more technical details.
  • the circuit in the conventional charger is distributed to both ends of the USB cable, and based on this, in the case that the rated power of the charger is constant, the charger ACDC (AC-DC conversion) (ie, in the above-mentioned first embodiment) The first charger) output high voltage and low current signal through the loss of data line transmission Greatly reduced. Then, the charger DCDC (DC DC conversion) (that is, the second charger in the first embodiment described above) via the USB input is switched to 5V.
  • AC-DC conversion AC-DC conversion
  • the charger DCDC DC DC conversion
  • the transformer ACDC transformer circuit converts 220V AC power into 55V AC power, and the negative half shaft of the sine wave signal is moved to the positive half shaft through the rectifier circuit to obtain a positive AC signal, and the filter circuit can be from the positive AC signal.
  • the DC component is filtered out to complete the conversion of AC to DC.
  • the APSD circuit is a DCP (Dedicated Charging Port) detection signal generating circuit.
  • the VBUS/D+/D-/GND signal generated by the charger ACDC is finally transmitted to the data line through the USB interface.
  • the structure of the charger ACDC in this embodiment is similar to the structure of the first charger in the first embodiment.
  • the first charger includes: a transformer circuit, a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, an APSD circuit, and a USB interface.
  • the main structure of the transformer circuit is a transformer, which is used to convert an alternating current of a frequency of 220V and a frequency of 50 Hz into an alternating current having a frequency of 55 volts and a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the rectifier circuit comprises a positive bridge rectifier circuit with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 55 V.
  • the bridge rectifier circuit outputs a positive single pulse signal. Since the positive single pulse signal is a signal composed of many frequencies, the filter circuit is passed through the filter circuit. The DC component of the positive single pulse signal can be obtained.
  • a low pass filter is used in this embodiment.
  • a low pass filter can be implemented directly using a capacitor. This low pass filter requires a very narrow passband and only allows zero frequency signals to pass. Multiple capacitors can be used in parallel to reduce the equivalent resistance on the capacitor and increase the equivalent capacitance. To ensure that the ripple of the output DC is small. With a reasonable design of the filter circuit, 35V DC can be obtained.
  • the main function of the APSD circuit is to generate a signal on the D+/D- on the data line for the APSD detection of the mobile phone chip.
  • the phone When the charger is plugged in, the phone will detect the type of charger via the D+/D- signal on the USB cable.
  • the control connection relationship of the D+/D- signal line of the USB interface is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the D+/D-identification signal on the USB line is first generated in the APSD circuit of the ACDC end of the charger. Via the USB interface and transmission line to the DCDC side of the charger.
  • the D+/D- signal enters the control circuit, and the control circuit determines whether the charger ACDC is inserted by detecting the D+/D- signal. If D+/D- is valid, the control circuit outputs a PWM signal to control the BUCK circuit in the charger DCDC, and simultaneously outputs a dedicated D+/D- detection signal of the DCP to the mobile terminal to detect the charger in the Micro (micro) USB plug.
  • the charger DCDC circuit involved in this embodiment has the same structure as the second charger in the first embodiment described above,
  • the high-voltage low-current signal is transmitted from the first charger to the second charger, and the DCDC circuit before the USB input of the high-voltage low-current signal is used to convert the transmitted high-voltage low-current signal into a voltage suitable for the USB_IN port, such as Qualcomm QC2. 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V required in .0.
  • the charger DCDC includes the following components:
  • Micro USB socket Micro USB socket, BUCK switch circuit, LDO regulator circuit, control circuit and Micro USB plug.
  • the control circuit is configured to detect whether the ACDC of the charger is connected and working normally. If the charger ACDC is connected, the control circuit outputs a PWM signal to the BUCK switch circuit, and simultaneously outputs a DCP detection signal on D+/D-.
  • the BUCK switch circuit is configured to realize the conversion of the 35V high voltage signal to the 5V normal charging voltage.
  • the opening of the BUCK switch circuit is controlled by the control circuit.
  • the control circuit determines that the charger at the other end of the data line is the ACDC of the charger described in this embodiment, and sends a PWM signal for controlling the BUCK switch circuit to realize a function of 35V to 5V.
  • the LDO regulator circuit reduces the output voltage ripple to stabilize the output.
  • the control circuit determines whether the remote end of the data line is the used charger ACDC by accepting the D+/D- signal on the USB data line. If not, the PWM signal output by the control circuit is always low. That is, the BUCK circuit does not work. At the same time, the D+/D- of the USB line to the mobile terminal is also output low, informing the mobile terminal that the ACDC has not been detected. If the signal transmitted through D+/D- on the USB data line indicates that the remote terminal is using the charger ACDC, the control circuit loses The PWM signal is output to make the BUCK switch circuit work normally, and the purpose of converting the 35V voltage to 5V is achieved. At the same time, the signal on D+/D- is sent according to the protocol for detecting the DCP charger, so that the mobile terminal can detect that the dedicated charger ACDC is used. Among them, the workflow of the control circuit is shown in Figure 7.
  • the BUCK switch circuit converts the 35V voltage into a 5V voltage output to the LDO regulator circuit under the control of the PWM signal output from the control circuit.
  • the LDO regulator circuit is mainly used to reduce the output voltage ripple. Both the BUCK switch circuit and the LDO regulator circuit can be implemented using an integrated chip.
  • the coil ratio of the power transformer can be adjusted so that the input AC peak voltage of the charger ACDC circuit is greater than At 55V, the DC high voltage transmitted through the charging line (ie, USB data line) can exceed 35V, which can effectively reduce the loss on the transmission line during larger power transmission.
  • the power loss of the scheme in the transmission is smaller.
  • the present embodiment provides a charging method, which may be a method of charging a charging terminal by using the chargers described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. Therefore, the first charging involved in this embodiment And the second charger may be any one of the structures described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the charging method provided by the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the charging method provided in this embodiment includes the following processing:
  • Step 801 The first charger performs positive-wave full-wave rectification based on the power supply voltage and filters the AC component to obtain a DC voltage signal, and sends the DC voltage signal to the second charger, where the first charger and the second charger pass Removable connection of the charging cable;
  • Step 802 The second charger performs step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain a charging voltage signal.
  • the first charger performs positive-wave full-wave rectification and filtering the AC component based on the power supply voltage, and may include: converting the first AC voltage signal of 220V into a second AC voltage signal of the first preset voltage value, for the second AC The voltage signal is rectified to obtain a positive single pulse signal, and the positive single pulse signal is filtered to obtain a DC component of the positive single pulse signal.
  • the method may further include: after the first charger is connected to the power source, generating the first identification signal, and transmitting the first identification signal to the second charger; wherein the first identification signal is used for Indicates that the first charger is connected to the power source.
  • the second charger performs a step-down conversion on the DC voltage signal to obtain the charging voltage signal, and the method includes: the second charger receives the first identification signal from the first charger and the DC voltage signal, and is determined according to the first identification signal. After the first charger is connected to the power source, the received DC voltage signal from the first charger is converted into a charging voltage signal of a second preset voltage value, and the second identification signal that meets the DCP detection requirement is sent to the charging terminal. The second identification signal is used to notify the charging terminal that the first charger and the second charger are currently used for charging.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a charger and a charging method, which are implemented by adjusting the structure of the charger to distribute the internal circuit of the charger to both ends of the charging line, thereby reducing the loss of energy on the transmission line, and the premise of using the fast charging technology.
  • the charger of the present application can be charged more efficiently and quickly than a normal charger.

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Abstract

一种充电器，包括：第一充电器、充电线以及第二充电器；第一充电器以及第二充电器配置为通过充电线可拆卸的连接；第一充电器配置为基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号；第二充电器配置为对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。

Description

一种充电器及充电方法 技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于终端充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电器及充电方法。
背景技术
现在手持智能终端的电池容量越来越大，为了节省充电时间，市场上的快速充电方案也如雨后春笋般涌现，而快速充电技术也已经成为了消费者选择智能手机需要考虑的一个因素。
目前，市场上主要的快速充电技术绝大部分都是通过提高电压或提高电流来缩短充电时间。这两种方式都会导致电源适配器供给智能手机的电流较大。此外，由于充电线不可避免的会有一定阻抗。根据P＝I2·R可知，充电线上会损失一部分功率。整个充电系统中，充电能源由电源适配器统一供给，当电源适配器工作在额定功率下时，如果能减少充电线上功率的耗损就能间接的提高充电效率。
随着智能手机电池容量的增大，按照目前的充电方式迫使电源适配器输出的充电电流增大。可以预见，随着充电电流的提高，充电效率会下降，并且电流越大充电效率将会越低。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请提供一种充电器及充电方法，能够提高终端充电效率。
根据本申请的第一个方面，提供了一种充电器，包括：第一充电器、充电线以及第二充电器；第一充电器以及第二充电器配置为通过充电线可拆卸的连接；
第一充电器配置为基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量， 以得到直流电压信号；第二充电器配置为对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
其中，上述第一充电器，可以包括：变压电路、整流电路、滤波电路、自动信源检测(APSD)电路、第一充电线接口以及第一充电插头，变压电路的输入端与第一充电插头的输出端相连，变压电路的输出端与整流电路的输入端连接，整流电路的输出端与滤波电路的输入端连接，滤波电路的输出端与第一充电线接口的输入端相连，第一充电线接口的输出端配置为与充电线的第一端相连接，第一充电插头的输入端配置为与电源连接。
其中，变压电路可以配置为将220V的第一交流电压信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，将第二交流电压信号输出给整流电路；整流电路可以配置为根据第二交流电压信号得到正极性单脉冲信号，将正极性单脉冲信号输出给滤波电路；滤波电路可以配置为根据正极性单脉冲信号得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
其中，APSD电路可以配置为在第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号，并将第一识别信号通过充电线发送至第二充电器，第一识别信号用于指示第一充电器已与电源连接。
其中，滤波电路可以仅允许零频信号通过、滤波电路可以包括多个并联的电容。
其中，上述第二充电器，可以包括：第二充电线接口、降压变换(BUCK)开关电路、低压差线性稳压器(LDO)稳压电路、控制电路以及第二充电插头，第二充电线接口的输入端配置为与充电线的第二端相连接，第二充电线接口的第一输出端与BUCK开关电路的输入端相连，第二充电线接口的第二输出端与控制电路的输入端相连，BUCK开关电路的输出端与LDO稳压电路的输入端相连，控制电路的输出端与第二充电插头的第一输入端相连，LDO稳压电路的输出端与第二充电插头的第二输入端相连，第二充电插头的输出端配置为与充电终端连接。
其中，BUCK开关电路可以配置为在接收到控制电路的PWM信号后，将来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，将充电电压信号输入给LDO稳压电路。
其中，控制电路可以配置为接收到来自第一充电器的第一识别信号，根据第一识别信号确定第一充电器与电源连接之后，输出PWM信号给BUCK电路，以使BUCK电路将接收到的来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合专用充电端口(DCP)检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，第二识别信号用于告知充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
其中，第一充电器输出至第二充电器的直流电压信号的电压可以不大于35V。
根据本申请的第二个方面，提供了一种充电方法，该方法包括：第一充电器基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号，将直流电压信号发送至第二充电器，其中，第一充电器以及第二充电器通过充电线可拆卸的连接；第二充电器对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
其中，第一充电器基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，可以包括：将220V的第一交流电压信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，对第二交流电压信号进行整流得到正极性单脉冲信号，对正极性单脉冲信号进行滤波得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
其中，上述方法还可以包括：在第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号，并将第一识别信号发送至第二充电器；第一识别信号用于指示第一充电器已与电源连接。
其中，第二充电器对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号，可以包括：第二充电器接收来自第一充电器的第一识别信号以及直流电压信号，在根据第一识别信号确定第一充电器与电源连接之后，将接收到的来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合DCP检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，其中，第二识别信号用于告知充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
本申请实施例提供的充电器，通过调整充电器的结构将充电器内部电路分布至充电线的两端来实现，减少了能量在传输线上的损耗，在使用快充技术的前提下，使用本申请的充电器可以比普通充电器更加高效、快速的充电。
在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图概述
图1是一种充电器的结构示意图；
图2是本申请第一实施例中的充电器与充电终端连接的示意图；
图3是本申请第一实施例中的第一充电器的电路原理图；
图4是本申请第一实施例中的第二充电器的电路原理图；
图5是本申请第二实施例中充电器ACDC中的APSD电路与充电器DCDC的连接关系示意图；
图6是本申请第二实施例中的APSD的工作流程图；
图7是本申请第二实施例中的控制电路的工作流程图；
图8是本申请第三实施例中的充电方法的流程图。
详述
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
图1是一种充电器与充电终端连接为充电终端充电的示意图。基于该结构的充电器，一般的过程如下：充电器将交流电转换为直流电，然后直流电通过降压变换(BUCK)电路变成要求的5V、9V、12V或20V。输入到PMI(Power Management IC，充电管理芯片)后转换传送到电池。
若充电器的额定功率为5W，输出电压为5V，则输出电流为1A，若充电线电阻有0.5欧，则线上损耗为0.5W。即，通过充电线就损失了10％的能量。可见，该方案中充电器内部将220V的交流电转换成了5V，在充电器的额定输出功率一定时，输出电压只有5V导致充电电流较大，较大的电流导致充电线上损耗较大，则间接降低了整个充电系统的充电效率。
第一实施例
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种充电器与充电终端连接的示意图。如图2所示，本实施例提供的充电器可以包括如下组成部分：
第一充电器、充电线(示例性地，可以为USB(Universal Serial Bus，通用串行总线)线)以及第二充电器；第一充电器以及第二充电器配置为通过充电线可拆卸的连接；第一充电器配置为基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号；第二充电器配置为对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
在本实施例中，第一充电器输出至第二充电器的为高电压低电流的信号，示例性地，第一充电器输出至第二充电器的直流电压信号的电压不大于35V。
图3是本实施例中第一充电器的电路原理图。如图3所示，上述第一充电器可以包括：
变压电路、整流电路、滤波电路、APSD(Automatic Power Source Detection，自动信源检测)电路、第一充电线接口以及第一充电插头，其中，变压电路的输入端与第一充电插头的输出端相连，变压电路的输出端与整流电路的输入端连接，整流电路的输出端与滤波电路的输入端连接，滤波电路的输出端与第一充电线接口的输入端相连，第一充电线接口的输出端配置为与充电线的第一端相连接，第一充电插头的输入端配置为与电源连接。
其中，图3中所示的变压电路配置为将220V的第一交流电信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，并将第二交流电压信号输出给整流电路；整流电路配置为根据该第二交流电压信号得到正极性单脉冲信号，将正极性单脉冲信号输出给滤波电路；滤波电路配置为根据正极性单脉冲信号得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
其中，图3中所示的APSD电路配置为在第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号(D+或D-信号)，该第一识别信号用于指示第一充电器已与电源连接(即，第二充电器获取该第一识别信号即可获知第一充电器已与电源连接)，将第一识别信号通过充电线发送至第二充电器。
图4是本实施例中涉及到的第二充电器的结构示意图。如图4所示，该 第二充电器，包括：
第二充电线接口、降压变换(BUCK)开关电路、低压差线性稳压器(LDO，Low Dropout Regulator)稳压电路、控制电路以及第二充电插头，其中，第二充电线接口的输入端配置为与充电线的第二端相连接，第二充电线接口的第一输出端与BUCK开关电路的输入端相连，第二充电线接口的第二输出端与控制电路的输入端相连，BUCK开关电路的输出端与LDO稳压电路的输入端相连，控制电路的输出端与第二充电插头的第一输入端相连，LDO稳压电路的输出端与第二充电插头的第二输入端相连，第二充电插头的输出端配置为与充电终端连接。
其中，BUCK开关电路配置为在接收到控制电路的PWM(Pulse Width Modulation，脉冲宽度调制)信号后，将来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，将充电电压信号输入给LDO稳压电路。
其中，控制电路配置为接收到来自第一充电器的第一识别信号，根据第一识别信号确定第一充电器与电源连接之后，输出PWM信号给BUCK开关电路，以使BUCK开关电路将接收到的来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合专用充电端口(DCP，Dedicated Charging Port)检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，其中，第二识别信号用于告知充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
本实例提供的充电器，通过调整充电器的结构，减少了能量在传输线上的损耗，在使用快充技术的前提下，使用本实施例的充电器可以比普通充电器更加高效、快速的充电。
第二实施例
本实施例提供了一种充电器，该充电器与上述第一实施例提供的充电器的充电原理相同，本实施例通过公开更多的技术细节来对本实施例提供的充电器进行说明。
本实施例将传统充电器内的电路分布至USB线的两端来实现，基于此，在充电器额定功率一定的情况下，充电器ACDC(交流直流变换)(即上述第一实施例中的第一充电器)输出的高压低电流信号经过数据线传输的损耗 大大减小。然后再经过USB输入端的充电器DCDC(直流直流变换)(即上述第一实施例中的第二充电器)变换到5V。
充电器ACDC的变压电路将220V的交流电转换为55V的交流电，经过整流电路将正弦波信号的负半轴搬移到正半轴，得到正极性的交流信号，滤波电路可以从正极性的交流信号中滤出直流分量，完成交流电到直流电的变换。APSD电路是DCP(Dedicated Charging Port，专用充电端口)检测信号产生电路。充电器ACDC产生的VBUS/D+/D-/GND信号最后通过USB接口传送给数据线。
本实施例所涉及的充电器ACDC的结构与上述第一实施例中第一充电器的结构类似，该第一充电器包括：变压电路、整流电路、滤波电路、APSD电路、USB接口。
以下对该充电器ACDC中包括的每个电路的功能进行简要说明。
变压电路的主要结构是一个变压器，其作用是将幅值220V频率50Hz的交流电转换成幅值55V频率50Hz的交流电。
整流电路包括一个正极性桥式整流电路，频率为50Hz电压为55V的交流电，通过这个桥式整流电路输出正极性单脉冲信号，由于正极性单脉冲信号是由很多频率组成的信号，通过滤波电路可以得到正极性单脉冲信号里面的直流分量。
通过整流电路已经将频率50Hz电压55V的交流电转换成了频率100Hz电压55V的正极性单脉冲信号。单脉冲信号频谱成分复杂，只有其中的直流分量是被期望得到的。故，在本实施例中可以通过添加滤波电路来滤除多余的频率分量，只留下零频分量。滤波电路要滤除零频以外的分量，留下直流分量。所以本实施例中采用一个低通滤波器。示例性地，低通滤波器直接使用电容就可以实现。这个低通滤波器通频带要求很窄，只允许零频信号通过。可以使用多个电容并联，减小电容上等效电阻，增大等效电容。来保证输出直流电的纹波小。通过合理的设计滤波电路，可以得到35V的直流电。
APSD电路的主要作用是生成数据线上对D+/D-上信号，用于使手机芯片进行APSD检测。插入充电器时手机端会通过USB线上D+/D-的信号检测充电器的类型。USB接口的D+/D-信号线的控制连接关系如图5。
其中，APSD检测的工作流程如图6，首先，USB线上的D+/D-识别信号先在充电器ACDC端的APSD电路中产生。通过USB接口和传输线到充电器DCDC端。D+/D-信号进入控制电路，控制电路通过检测D+/D-信号判断充电器ACDC是否插入。如果D+/D-有效，则控制电路输出PWM信号控制充电器DCDC中的BUCK电路，同时在Micro(微型)USB插头输出DCP的专用D+/D-检测信号给移动终端检测充电器。
本实施例中涉及到的充电器DCDC电路，与上述第一实施例中的第二充电器的结构相同，
由第一充电器向第二充电器传输的是高压低流信号，USB输入该高压低流信号前的DCDC电路用来将传递的高压低电流信号转换成适合USB_IN端口要求的电压，如高通QC2.0中要求的5V、9V、12V或20V。
该充电器DCDC包括如下组成部分：
Micro USB插座、BUCK开关电路、LDO稳压电路、控制电路以及Micro USB插头。
其中，控制电路配置为检测充电器ACDC是否接入并正常工作。如果接入的是充电器ACDC，则控制电路输出PWM信号给BUCK开关电路，同时在D+/D-上输出DCP检测信号。
其中，BUCK开关电路配置为实现35V高压信号到5V正常充电电压的转换。BUCK开关电路的开启受控制电路的控制。控制电路判断出数据线另一端的充电器是本实施例中所述的充电器ACDC后，发出PWM信号用于控制BUCK开关电路实现35V转5V的功能。
由于BUCK开关电路输出的电压纹波较大不稳定，加上LDO稳压电路减小输出电压纹波使输出稳定。
其中，控制电路通过接受USB数据线上的D+/D-信号来确定数据线的远端是不是使用的充电器ACDC。如果不是，则控制电路输出的PWM信号一直为低。即，BUCK电路不能工作。同时，USB线上到移动终端的D+/D-也输出为低，告知移动终端一直没检测到充电器ACDC。如果通过USB数据线上的D+/D-传递过来的信号显示远端使用的是充电器ACDC，则控制电路输 出PWM信号，使BUCK开关电路正常工作，达到将35V电压转换为5V电压的目的。同时将D+/D-上的信号按检测DCP充电器的协议发出，使移动终端可以检测到使用的是专用的充电器ACDC。其中，控制电路的工作流程如图7所示。
其中，BUCK开关电路在控制电路输出的PWM信号控制下将35V电压降压转换成5V电压输出给LDO稳压电路。LDO稳压电路主要是为了减小输出电压纹波。BUCK开关电路和LDO稳压电路都可以使用集成芯片来实现。
基于本实施例中提供的由充电器ACDC以及充电器DCDC构成的充电器，当解决了高压传输时的安全隐患时，可以调整电源变压器的线圈比例，使充电器ACDC电路的输入交流电峰值电压大于55V，通过充电线(即，USB数据线)传输的直流高压可以超过35V，可以有效减少更大功率传输时传输线上的损耗。
基于本实施例提供的充电器，假设当前使用的充电器额定功率是P，充电器ACDC输出高压为V，则充电器ACDC的输出电流是I＝P/V。经过电阻为R的充电线损耗的功率为PS＝I2·R＝(P/V)2·R。然后在经过充电器DCDC的变换，将电压转换为5V供给PMI芯片，与传统的充电方式相比，当充电器额定功率越大时，该方案在传递中损耗的功率越小。
第三实施例
本实施例提供一种充电方法，该充电方法可以是使用上述第一实施例以及第二实施例所记载的充电器对充电终端进行充电的方法，故，本实施例所涉及到的第一充电器以及第二充电器可以是上述第一实施例以及第二实施例中所记载的任意一种结构，图8是本实施例提供的充电方法的流程图。如图8所示，本实施例提供的充电方法包括如下处理：
步骤801：第一充电器基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号，将直流电压信号发送至第二充电器，其中，第一充电器以及第二充电器通过充电线可拆卸的连接；
步骤802：第二充电器对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
其中，第一充电器基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，可以包括：将220V的第一交流电压信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，对第二交流电压信号进行整流得到正极性单脉冲信号，对正极性单脉冲信号进行滤波得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
在示例性实施方式中，上述方法还可以包括：在第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号，并将第一识别信号发送至第二充电器；其中，第一识别信号用于指示第一充电器已与电源连接。
其中，第二充电器对直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号，可以包括：第二充电器接收来自第一充电器的第一识别信号以及直流电压信号，在根据第一识别信号确定第一充电器与电源连接之后，将接收到的来自第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合DCP检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，其中，第二识别信号用于告知充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
尽管为示例目的，已经公开了本申请的示例性实施例，本领域的技术人员将意识到各种改进、增加和取代也是可能的，因此，本申请的范围应当不限于上述实施例。
工业实用性
本申请实施例提供一种充电器及充电方法，通过调整充电器的结构将充电器内部电路分布至充电线的两端来实现，减少了能量在传输线上的损耗，在使用快充技术的前提下，使用本申请的充电器可以比普通充电器更加高效、快速的充电。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种充电器，包括：
    第一充电器、充电线以及第二充电器；
    所述第一充电器以及所述第二充电器配置为通过所述充电线可拆卸的连接；
    所述第一充电器配置为基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号；
    所述第二充电器配置为对所述直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电器，其中，所述第一充电器，包括：
    变压电路、整流电路、滤波电路、自动信源检测APSD电路、第一充电线接口以及第一充电插头，所述变压电路的输入端与所述第一充电插头的输出端相连，所述变压电路的输出端与所述整流电路的输入端连接，所述整流电路的输出端与所述滤波电路的输入端连接，所述滤波电路的输出端与所述第一充电线接口的输入端相连，所述第一充电线接口的输出端配置为与所述充电线的第一端相连接，所述第一充电插头的输入端配置为与电源连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电器，其中，所述变压电路配置为将220V的第一交流电压信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，将所述第二交流电压信号输出给所述整流电路；所述整流电路配置为根据所述第二交流电压信号得到正极性单脉冲信号，将所述正极性单脉冲信号输出给所述滤波电路；所述滤波电路配置为根据所述正极性单脉冲信号得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的充电器，其中，所述APSD电路配置为在所述第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号，并将所述第一识别信号通过所述充电线发送至所述第二充电器；所述第一识别信号用于指示所述第一充电器已与电源连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的充电器，其中，所述滤波电路仅允许零频信号通过、所述滤波电路包括多个并联的电容。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的充电器，其中，所述第二充电器，包括：
    第二充电线接口、降压变换BUCK开关电路、低压差线性稳压器LDO稳压电路、控制电路以及第二充电插头，所述第二充电线接口的输入端配置为与所述充电线的第二端相连接，所述第二充电线接口的第一输出端与所述BUCK开关电路的输入端相连，所述第二充电线接口的第二输出端与所述控制电路的输入端相连，所述BUCK开关电路的输出端与所述LDO稳压电路的输入端相连，所述控制电路的输出端与所述第二充电插头的第一输入端相连，所述LDO稳压电路的输出端与所述第二充电插头的第二输入端相连，所述第二充电插头的输出端配置为与充电终端连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电器，其中，所述BUCK开关电路配置为在接收到所述控制电路的脉冲宽度调制PWM信号后，将来自所述第一充电器的所述直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，将所述充电电压信号输入给所述LDO稳压电路。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的充电器，其中，所述控制电路配置为接收到来自所述第一充电器的第一识别信号，根据所述第一识别信号确定所述第一充电器与电源连接之后，输出脉冲宽度调制PWM信号给所述BUCK开关电路，以使所述BUCK开关电路将接收到的来自所述第一充电器的所述直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合专用充电端口DCP检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，所述第二识别信号用于告知所述充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的充电器，其中，所述第一充电器输出至所述第二充电器的直流电压信号的电压不大于35V。
  10. 一种充电方法，包括：
    第一充电器基于电源电压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，以得到直流电压信号，将所述直流电压信号发送至第二充电器，其中，所述第一充电器以及所述第二充电器通过所述充电线可拆卸的连接；
    所述第二充电器对所述直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述第一充电器基于电源电 压进行正极性全波整流以及过滤交流分量，包括：
    将220V的第一交流电压信号转换为第一预设电压值的第二交流电压信号，对所述第二交流电压信号进行整流得到正极性单脉冲信号，对所述正极性单脉冲信号进行滤波得到正极性单脉冲信号的直流分量。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    在所述第一充电器与电源连接后，产生第一识别信号，并将所述第一识别信号发送至所述第二充电器，其中，所述第一识别信号用于指示所述第一充电器已与电源连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述第二充电器对所述直流电压信号进行降压变换，得到充电电压信号，包括：
    所述第二充电器接收来自所述第一充电器的所述第一识别信号以及直流电压信号，在根据所述第一识别信号确定所述第一充电器与电源连接之后，将接收到的来自所述第一充电器的直流电压信号转换为第二预设电压值的充电电压信号，并将符合专用充电端口DCP检测要求的第二识别信号发送给充电终端，其中，所述第二识别信号用于告知所述充电终端当前使用第一充电器以及第二充电器进行充电。
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