WO2018080608A1

WO2018080608A1 - Apparatus, system and method of communicating an enhanced directional multi-gigabit (edmg) physical layer protocol data unit (ppdu) with a training field over a plurality of spatial streams

Info

Publication number: WO2018080608A1
Application number: PCT/US2017/043032
Authority: WO
Inventors: Artyom LOMAYEV; Iaroslav P. Gagiev; Alexander Maltsev; Claudio Da Silva; Michael Genossar; Carlos Cordeiro
Original assignee: Intel Corporation
Priority date: 2016-10-27
Filing date: 2017-07-20
Publication date: 2018-05-03

Abstract

For example, an apparatus may include logic and circuitry configured to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to determine a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and to transmit an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field including a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units includes a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields including a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence including a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

Description

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATING AN ENHANCED DIRECTIONAL MULTI-GIGABIT (EDMG) PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT (PPDU) WITH A TRAINING FIELD OVER A PLURALITY OF SPATIAL

STREAMS

CROSS REFERENCE

[001] This Application claims the benefit of and priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/413,540 entitled "TRAINING UNIT GENERATION FOR SINGLE CARRIER PHYSICAL LAYER", filed October 27, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) with a training field over a plurality of spatial streams.

BACKGROUND

[003] Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasingly requesting access to wireless channels.

[004] A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may increase the transmission data rate in wireless networks, for example, by applying Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) techniques. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[005] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below.

[006] Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[007] Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[008] Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a Directional Multi- Gigabit (DMG) Training (TRN) unit.

[009] Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of an EDMG TRN unit, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0010] Fig. 5 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of communicating an EDMG PPDU with a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0011] Fig. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of communicating an EDMG PPDU with a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0012] Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0014] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "establishing", "analyzing", "checking", or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.

[0015] The terms "plurality" and "a plurality", as used herein, include, for example, "multiple" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality of items" includes two or more items.

[0016] References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "demonstrative embodiment", "various embodiments" etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

[0017] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third" etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

[0018] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a wearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off -board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0019] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 {IEEE 802.11- 2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.1 lay (P802.1 lay Standard for Information Technology- Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks— Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications— Amendment: Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, August 4, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, and the like.

[0020] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

[0021] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDM A), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single- carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra- Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems and/or networks.

[0022] The term "wireless device", as used herein, includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In some demonstrative embodiments, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service.

[0023] The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving. In one example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device. In another example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device. The communication signal may be transmitted and/or received, for example, in the form of Radio Frequency (RF) communication signals, and/or any other type of signal.

[0024] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0025] The term "logic" may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

[0026] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.

[0027] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHz, a frequency band above 45 GHz, a frequency band below 20GHz, e.g., a Sub 1 GHz (S1G) band, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.

[0028] The term "antenna", as used herein, may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.

[0029] The phrases "directional multi-gigabit (DMG)" and "directional band" (DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein the Channel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30 Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

[0030] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (also referred to as a "mmWave STA (mSTA)"), which may include for example, a STA having a radio transmitter, which is capable of operating on a channel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform other additional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

[0031] Reference is made to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrates a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system 100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wireless communication device 140, and/or one more other devices.

[0033] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.

[0034] For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an "Origami" device or computing device, a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a Set- Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like.

[0035] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185. Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.

[0036] In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application- Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications. [0037] In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

[0038] In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non- volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 may include, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processed by device 140.

[0039] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.

[0040] In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more directional bands and/or channels. For example, WM 103 may include one or more millimeter- wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/or channels.

[0041] In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more DMG channels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directional channels.

[0042] In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel over any other frequency band.

[0043] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include at least one radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio 144. [0044] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0045] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

[0046] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.

[0047] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a directional band, for example, an mmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.

[0048] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas.

[0049] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 may include on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

[0050] Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.

[0051] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include directional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beam directions. For example, antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beam directions 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beam directions 145.

[0052] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include and/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array (PA A).

[0053] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may be implemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a plurality of physically independent PAAs.

[0054] In some demonstrative embodiments, a PA A may include, for example, a rectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, of rows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns. In other embodiments, any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may be used.

[0055] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 may be connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency (RF) chains.

[0056] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 109 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 107.

[0057] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 109 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, e.g., as part of transmitter 118 and/or receiver 116.

[0058] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 149 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 147.

[0059] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 149 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144, e.g., as part of transmitter 148 and/or receiver 146.

[0060] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.

[0061] In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media- Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0062] In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.

[0063] In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.

[0064] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 102.

[0065] In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

[0066] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 140. [0067] In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[0068] In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media- Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0069] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144.

[0070] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.

[0071] In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.

[0072] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example, controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0073] In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.

[0074] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0075] In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.

[0076] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least one STA.

[0077] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more DMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA.

[0078] In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, and the like.

[0079] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA.

[0080] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non- AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non- AP/PCP STA.

[0081] In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other additional or alternative device and/or station. [0082] In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0083] In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0084] In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP) may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), and coordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are members of a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0085] In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS control point (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may not be present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service may optionally be present.

[0086] In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is at least one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0087] In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0088] In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. The non-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0089] In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP and that is not an AP. The non-PCP/ AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0090] In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple- Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band.

[0091] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, for example, including one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol. [0092] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as part of a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band or any other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification and/or an IEEE 802.11 ad Specification.

[0093] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured according to one or more standards, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard, which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.

[0094] Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantly increase the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., up to 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfy growing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.

[0095] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allow increasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MIMO and/or channel bonding techniques.

[0096] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate MIMO communications over the mmWave wireless communication band.

[0097] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, for example, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU) MIMO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard and/or any other standard and/or protocol.

[0098] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more EDMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA.

[0099] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implement a communication scheme, which may include Physical layer (PHY) and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer schemes, for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increased transmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any other data rate. [00100] In some demonstrative embodiments, the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes may be configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band, e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU MIMO techniques, and/or MU MIMO techniques.

[00101] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configured to enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink frames (UL) using a MIMO scheme.

[00102] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communication of DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g., device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140 and/or one or more other devices.

[00103] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/or any other network and/or any other frequency band. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissions and/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.

[00104] Some wireless communication Specifications, for example, the IEEE 802.1 lad-2012 Specification, may be configured to support a SU system, in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. Such Specifications may not be able, for example, to support a STA transmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using a MU-MIMO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.

[00105] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a channel bandwidth, e.g., of at least 2.16GHz, in a frequency band above 45GHz.

[00106] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example, enable to extend a single-channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lad Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.

[00107] In one example, the single-channel BW scheme may include communication over a 2.16 GHz channel (also referred to as a "single-channel" or a "DMG channel"). [00108] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support communication over a channel BW (also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel", or a "bonded channel") including two or more channels, e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below.

[00109] In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel bonding mechanisms may include, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two or more channels, e.g., 2.16 GHz channels, can be combined, e.g., for a higher bandwidth of packet transmission, for example, to enable achieving higher data rates, e.g., when compared to transmissions over a single channel. Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to communication over a channel BW including two or more 2.16 GHz channels, however other embodiments may be implemented with respect to communications over a channel bandwidth, e.g., a "wide" channel, including or formed by any other number of two or more channels, for example, an aggregated channel including an aggregation of two or more channels.

[00110] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.

[00111] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, e.g., including two 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of two, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, e.g., including three 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of three, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, e.g., including four 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of four, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., including any other number of 2.16Ghz channels and/or according to any other channel bonding factor.

[00112] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) having a PPDU format (also referred to as "EDMG PPDU format"), which may be configured, for example, for communication between EDMG stations, e.g., as described below.

[00113] In some demonstrative embodiments, a PPDU, e.g., an EMDG PPDU, may include at least one non-EDMG fields, e.g., a legacy field, which may be identified, decodable, and/or processed by one or more devices ("non-EDMG devices", or "legacy devices"), which may not support one or more features and/or mechanisms ("non-legacy" mechanisms or "EDMG mechanisms"). For example, the legacy devices may include non-EDMG stations, which may be, for example, configured according to an IEEE 802.11-2016 Standard, and the like. For example, a non-EDMG station may include a DMG station, which is not an EDMG station.

[00114] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate using a frame structure, which may be configured, for example, for a Single Carrier (SC) Physical layer (PHY) modulation, for example, with frequency domain equalization, e.g., as described below.

[00115] Some communication schemes, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, may implement first and second Golay complementary sequences, e.g., the sequences Ga and Gb, to define a Short Training Field (STF) and a Channel Estimation Field (CEF) of a packet preamble. For example, the STF field may be configured to be used by a receiver of a packet for packet detection, carrier frequency offset estimation, noise power estimation, synchronization, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) setup, and/or one or more other additional or alternative signal estimations. For example, the CEF may be configured to be used by the receiver of the packet for channel estimation, e.g., in a time domain and/or a frequency domain.

[00116] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive, and/or process one or more transmissions, for example EDMG transmissions, e.g., including EDMG packets, which may include one or more fields, for example, an EDMG STF (EDMG-STF) and/or an EDMG CEF (EDMG-CEF), which may utilize one or more extensions of Golay sequences, for example, extensions of the Golay sequences Ga and/or Gb, e.g., as described below.

[00117] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over one or more channels having one or more channel BWs. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a channel having a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel having a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel having a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel having a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW.

[00118] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/or any other network. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to use channel bonding, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.

[00119] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate one or more packets according to a packet structure, which may be configured to support at least communication by stations, for example, EDMG stations, e.g., according to a future IEEE 802.1 lay Specification, as described below.

[00120] In some demonstrative embodiments, the packet structure may be configured, for example, to support stations, e.g., EDMG stations, using bonded channels, for example, at least to reliably and/or efficiently perform one or more beamforming training operations of a beamforming training procedure, which may, for example, be a critical operation for millimeter- wave systems, e.g., as described below.

[00121] In some demonstrative embodiments, one distinctive feature of wireless systems operating in a directional frequency band, e.g., frequencies above 45 GHz, is a beamforming mechanism, e.g., directional transmission and reception, which may be implemented, for example, to offset a large free-space path loss of millimeter-wave transmissions, e.g., according to the Friis transmission Law.

[00122] In some demonstrative embodiments, beamforming training mechanisms, e.g., in compliance with an IEEE 802. Had Specification and/or an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, may be used by a pair of stations, e.g., devices 102 and/or 140, to determine appropriate antenna settings for transmission and/or reception.

[00123] In some demonstrative embodiments, a beamforming training procedure may include, for example, a sector-level sweep (SLS), which may be mandatory, during which transmit beamforming training may be performed. The beamforming training procedure may include a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) phase, which may be optional, and which may enable to perform receive beamforming training, and/or an iterative refinement of antenna weight vectors (AWVs), e.g., of a transmitter and/or receiver at one or both stations.

[00124] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform a Beamforming procedure (also referred to as "beamforming training protocol") including a Sector level sweep (SLS) phase, e.g., including, for example, an Initiator Sector Sweep (ISS), which may include a sector sweep performed, for example, by a Beamforming initiator, and a responder sector sweep (RSS), which may include a sector sweep performed, for example, by a Beamforming responder. The RSS may, for example, follow the ISS. [00125] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 140 may opt to perform a BRP, e.g., following the SLS phase.

[00126] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to a BRP, which may be performed after a SLS phase of a beamforming procedure. However, in other embodiments, the BRP may be performed as part of any other phase and/or procedure.

[00127] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 140 may exchange a plurality of BRP frames during the BRP. For example, device 102 may send one or more, e.g., a plurality of, BRP frames to device 140, and/or device 140 may send one or more, e.g., a plurality of, BRP frames to device 102.

[00128] In some demonstrative embodiments, one of devices 102 and 140 may perform the functionality of a BRP initiator to initiate the exchange of BRP frames, and another one of devices 102 and 140 may perform the functionality of a BRP responder. In one example, device 102 may perform the functionality of the BRP initiator and/or device 140 may perform the functionality of the BRP responder.

[00129] In some demonstrative embodiments, the BRP may implement a beam tracking mechanism, which may allow, for example, ongoing refinement of an established beam link during data traffic.

[00130] In some demonstrative embodiments, performing the SLS over a primary channel of a Basic Service Set (BSS), e.g., which may have a specified bandwidth of 2.16GHz, may enable, for example, ensuring backward compatibility with one or more "legacy" Specifications utilizing a single bandwidth channel, e.g., an IEEE 802.11 ad Specification. However, beamforming training of a transmitter and/or receiver performed in a single bandwidth channel, e.g., the 2.16 GHz channel, may not necessarily be optimal, or may even be satisfactory, for transmissions, e.g., bonded transmissions, over a channel, e.g., a bonded channel, for example, with a channel bandwidth of 4.32, 6.48, or 8.64 GHz, and/or any other channel bandwidth.

[00131] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to incorporate a beamforming mechanism, which may be configured to allow, for example, at least transmitter and/or receiver training for bonded channel transmissions, for example, by extending the BRP procedure and/or a packet structure utilized for the BRP procedure, e.g., as described below.

[00132] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive, access, and/or process a BRP packet, which may be configured according to BRP packet structure, which may be configured to support and/or enable stations, e.g., EDMG stations, to perform beamforming training over a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[00133] In some demonstrative embodiments, the BRP packet structure may provide a mechanism, which may at least address one or more technical issues of beamforming training when a plurality of spatial streams is used, e.g., as described below.

[00134] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate one or more packets, for example, one or more BRP packets, according to a PPDU structure, for example, an EDMG PPDU structure, e.g., as described below.

[00135] Reference is made to Fig. 2, which schematically illustrates an EDMG PPDU format 200, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. In one example, devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more EDMG PPDUs having the structure and/or format of EDMG PPDU 200.

[00136] In one example, devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may communicate EDMG PPDU 200, for example, as part of a transmission over a channel, e.g., an EDMG channel, having a channel bandwidth including one or more 2.16GHz channels, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.478GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below.

[00137] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG PPDU 200 may include a non-EDMG portion 210 ("legacy portion"), e.g., as described below.

[00138] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, non-EDMG portion 210 may include a non-EDMG (legacy) Short Training Field (STF) (L-STF) 202, a non-EDMG (Legacy) Channel Estimation Field (CEF) (L-CEF) 204, and/or a non-EDMG header (L-header) 206.

[00139] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG PPDU 200, may include an EDMG portion 220, for example, following non-EDMG portion 210, e.g., as described below.

[00140] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG portion 220 may include a first EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 208, an EDMG-STF 212, an EDMG- CEF 214, a second EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 216, a Data field 218, and/or one or more beamforming training fields, e.g., a TRN field 224. [00141] In some demonstrative embodiments, EDMG portion 220 may include some or all of the fields shown in Fig. 2 and/or one or more other additional or alternative fields.

[00142] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, a DMG TRN unit may not be suitable for communicating an EDMG PPDU over a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[00143] Reference is made to Fig. 3, which schematically illustrates a DMG TRN unit structure 300, which, for example, may be configured in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification. For example, DMG TRN unit 300 may include a transmit TRN unit (T-TRN) or a receive TRN unit (R-TRN) (TRN-T/R).

[00144] For example, DMG TRN unit structure 300 may be, for example, included in a TRN field of a BRP frame.

[00145] For example, the BRP frame may append an arbitrary number of TRN units N_s/, which may be defined in a header at the beginning of the BRP frame.

[00146] For example, as shown in Fig. 3, DMG TRN unit 300 may include one Channel Estimation (CE) subfield 302 and four TRN subfields 310.

[00147] For example, CE subfield 302 may include a DMG CEF, which, for example, may be defined as a part of the preamble.

[00148] For example, CE subfield 302 may include Gusn, Gvsn, and -Gbm sequences, e.g., as follows:

CEF = {Gusn, Gv5i2, -Gbi₂₈ } ;

Gusn = {-Gbi28, -Gai28, Gbi28, -Gai28 } ;

Gv5i2 = {-Gbi28, Gai28, -Gbi28, -Gai28 }, (1) where (Gam, Gbm) denotes a Golay complementary pair of length 128.

[00149] For example, in a T-TRN case, CE subfield 302 may apply the same Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) settings as for preamble, header, and data parts of the frame.

[00150] For example, all of four TRN subfields 310 may include the same Golay complementary sequences.

[00151] For example, TRN subfields 310 may be defined, e.g., as follows:

TRN#n = {+Gai28, -Gb₁₂8, +Gai₂₈, +Gbi₂₈, +Gai₂₈} , n=l:4 (2) [00152] For example, sequences of DMG TRN unit structure 300 may be transmitted using π/2- BPSK modulation. [00153] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate an EDMG PPDU, e.g., EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), which may be configured for EDMG channels, e.g., bonded channels, for example, to support and/or enable EDMG stations, e.g., devices 102 and/or 140, to perform beamforming training using a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[00154] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process the EDMG PPDU, which, for example, may be configured utilizing design principles in-line with an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, e.g., as described below.

[00155] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process the EDMG PPDU, which may be configured to support, for example, Channel Impulse Response (CIR) estimation in time domain, for example, per spatial stream, e.g., as described below.

[00156] In one example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process the EDMG PPDU including TRN units supporting up to eight spatial streams. In another example, the EDMG PPDU may include TRN units supporting any other number of streams N_ss, e.g., 16 streams or any other number of streams.

[00157] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the EDMG PPDU over a channel having a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz, e.g., as described below.

[00158] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the EDMG PPDU over a channel having a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 GHz, e.g., as described below.

[00159] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the EDMG PPDU including, for example, a BRP packet, e.g., as described below.

[00160] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger a wireless station implemented by device 102 to determine a plurality of TRN sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers, e.g., as described below.

[00161] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams may include 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[00162] In other embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams may include any other number of spatial streams, for example, 16 spatial streams, or any other number of spatial streams. [00163] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit an EDMG PPDU, for example, EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described below.

[00164] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the EDMG PPDU including a TRN field, e.g., TRN field 224 (Fig. 2), over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, e.g., as described below.

[00165] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN field may include a plurality of TRN units, e.g., as described below.

[00166] In some demonstrative embodiments, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units may include a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, e.g., as described below.

[00167] In some demonstrative embodiments, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields may include a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, e.g., as described below.

[00168] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN sequence may include a plurality of Golay sequences, which may be, for example, based on the spatial stream number, e.g., as described below.

[00169] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of Golay sequences may include a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which may be, for example, based on a channel bonding factor, e.g., as described below.

[00170] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Golay sequence length may be based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128, e.g., as described below.

[00171] In other embodiments, the Golay sequence length may be based on any other value and/or factor.

[00172] In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel bonding factor may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00173] In other embodiments, the channel bonding factor may include any other integer number.

[00174] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Golay sequence length may be 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00175] In other embodiments, the Golay sequence length may have any other length. [00176] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 140 to receive, e.g., from device 102, the EDMG PPDU including the TRN field, e.g., TRN field 224 (Fig. 2), over the plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, e.g., as described below.

[00177] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 140 to estimate a CIR based on the TRN field, e.g., as described below.

[00178] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN unit may include one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, e.g., as described below.

[00179] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger device 102 to transmit the one or more first TRN subfields with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields with a second AWV, which may be ,for example, different from the first AWV, e.g., as described below.

[00180] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., fields 202, 204, 206, 208, 212, 214, 216 and/or 218 (Fig. 2), with the first AWV, e.g., as described below.

[00181] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 140 to receive, e.g., from device 102, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to the first AWV of device 102 followed by the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to the second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00182] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN unit may begin with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields, e.g., as described below.

[00183] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN unit may include only the plurality of TRN subfields, e.g., as described below.

[00184] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield may be based on an index of the TRN subfield, e.g., as described below.

[00185] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of TRN units may include one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit and/or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit (TRN-T/R), e.g., as described below. [00186] Reference is made to Fig. 4, which schematically illustrates an EDMG TRN unit 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, EDMG TRN unit 400 may include a T-TRN unit or a R-TRN unit (TRN-T/R).

[00187] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to process transmission and/or reception of EDMG TRN unit 400. For example, device 102 (Fig. 1) may be configured to generate and transmit an EDMG PPDU including a plurality of EDMG TRN units 400, and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to receive and process the EDMG PPDU including the plurality of EDMG TRN units 400.

[00188] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to communicate the EDMG PPDU including the plurality of EDMG TRN units 400 over a channel having a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16GHz.

[00189] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to communicate the EDMG PPDU including the plurality of EDMG TRN units 400 over a channel having a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45GHz.

[00190] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to process transmission and/or reception of the EDMG PPDU including the plurality of EDMG TRN units 400 over a plurality of spatial streams.

[00191] In some demonstrative embodiments, EDMG TRN unit 400 may include a plurality of TRN subfields 410 over an i-th spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, e.g., wherein i=l... N_ss.

[00192] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, EDMG TRN unit 400, for example, corresponding to the i-th spatial stream, may include 2M TRN subfields 410, wherein M denotes a positive integer number, e.g., a fixed or predefined number.

[00193] For example, M may be equal to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and/or any other positive integer number.

[00194] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, EDMG TRN unit 400 may include only the plurality of TRN subfields 410, for example, without including any other type of additional fields.

[00195] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, EDMG TRN unit 400 may begin with a TRN subfield, e.g., a TRN subfield 402, of the plurality of TRN subfields410.

[00196] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 (Fig. 1) may be configured to transmit one or more first TRN subfields of EDMG TRN unit 400, e.g., TRN subfields 412, with a first AWV, and one or more second TRN subfields of EDMG TRN unit 400, e.g., subfields 414, with a second AWV, which may be, for example, different from the first AWV.

[00197] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 (Fig. 1) may be configured, for example, to transmit a preamble of the EDMG PPDU, e.g., fields 202, 204, 206, 208, 212, 214, and/or 216 of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), and a data field of the EMDG PPDU, e.g., field 218 of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), with the first AWV, and to transmit the one or more first TRN subfields 412 with the same first AWV.

[00198] In some demonstrative embodiments, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields 410, e.g., each TRN subfield 410, may include a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, e.g., the i-th spatial stream, over which EDMG TRN unit 400 is to be transmitted.

[00199] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN sequence may include a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number, over which EDMG TRN unit 400 is to be transmitted.

[00200] In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of Golay sequences may include a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length N.

[00201] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN units for some spatial stream numbers, for example, spatial streams with indexes i = 1, 2, 3, and/or 4, may have identical definition for all TRN subfields, e.g., TRN subfields 410, as described below.

[00202] In some demonstrative embodiments, the TRN units for some spatial stream numbers, for example, spatial streams with indexes i = 5, 6, 7, and 8 may have different definition for the odd and even TRN subfields, e.g., as described below. For example, spatial streams with indexes i = 5, 6, 7, and 8 may have different definition for a first TRN subfield, e.g., TRN subfield 402, and a second TRN subfield, e.g., TRN subfield 404.

[00203] In other embodiments, one or more spatial streams with indexes i > 4 may have identical definition for all TRN subfields, e.g., TRN subfields 410.

[00204] In other embodiments, the TRN subfields for the spatial streams may be defined according any other scheme.

[00205] In some demonstrative embodiments, a plurality of TRN sequences corresponding to the plurality of TRN subfields 410 may be defined, for example, based on the spatial stream number of the spatial streams over which TRN unit 400 is to be transmitted, e.g., as follows: Spatial TRN subfield: 1, 3, 5, 2M-1 TRN subfield: 2, 4, 6, 2M stream

i = 1 , 2 i+GaS*, -GbSi, +ϋ^_Ν, +Gbⁱ _N, +Gaⁱ _N}

i = 3, 4 i+Ga'N, -GbSi, -GaSi, -Gb^, +Gaⁱ _N}

i = 5, 6 i+GaSi, -GbSi, +ϋ^_Ν, +Gbⁱ _N, {-Ga^, +Gbⁱ _N, -GaSi, -Gb^, -Ga^}

+Gaⁱ _N}

i = 7, 8 l+Ga'N, -Gb'N, -Ga'N, -Gb'N, +Gaⁱ _N} { -Ga'N, +Gbⁱ _N, +GaⁱN, +Gbⁱ _N, -Ga'N }

Table 1

wherein (GCI'N, Gb^LN) denotes a Golay complementary pair for an i-th stream of length N. For example, each stream may have a different Golay pair (GCI'N, GVN).

[00206] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Golay sequence length may be based on a channel bonding factor, denoted NCB.

[00207] In some demonstrative embodiments, the sequence length N may be defined, e.g., as follows:

N = NCB * 64, (3) wherein NCB = 1, 2, 3 and 4 for single channel, channel bonding x2, x3, and x4 transmission.

[00208] In other embodiments, the sequence length N may be defined, e.g., as follows:

N = NCB * 128 (4) [00209] In other embodiments, any other value of N may be used.

[00210] In some demonstrative embodiments, EDMG TRN unit 400 may include one or more first TRN subfields 412 followed by one or more second TRN subfields 414.

[00211] For example, EDMG TRN unit 400 may include Ml TRN subfields 412 followed by M2 TRN subfields 414, where Ml + M2 = 2M.

[00212] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Ml TRN subfields 412 may be defined, for example, for CE purposes, and/or the M2 TRN subfields 414 may be defined, for example, for training purposes.

[00213] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least one TRN subfield of EDMG TRN unit 400 may be used for the CE purposes. [00214] For example, in case of a T-TRN unit, at least TRN subfield 402, which, for example, may be used for the CE purposes, may keep the same AWV vector as for preamble, header, and data parts, e.g., fields 202, 204, 206, 208, 212, 214, 216 and/or 218 (Fig. 2), of the frame including TRN unit 400.

[00215] In some demonstrative embodiments, one TRN subfield, e.g., TRN subfield 402, may be used for the CE purposes, for example, for the number of spatial streams Nss≤ 4, and/or two TRN subfields, e.g., two TRN subfields 412, may be used for the CE purposes, for example, for the number of spatial streams Nss > 4.

[00216] In some demonstrative embodiments, two TRN subfields, e.g., TRN subfields 412, may be defined for the CE purposes regardless of the number of spatial streams Nss-

[00217] In other embodiments, any other number of TRN subfields 412 may be defined for the CE purposes, and/or any other number of TRN subfields 414 may be defined for the training purposes.

[00218] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a Golay Sequence Set (GSS), which may be configured, for example, for a plurality of Golay sequences, e.g., as described below.

[00219] For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to utilize a GSS to determine and/or process the plurality of TRN sequences, e.g., as part of TRN subfields 410 (Fig. 4) of TRN unit 400 (Fig. 4), corresponding to the plurality of spatial stream numbers.

[00220] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, encode, transmit, detect, receive, process, and/or decode, one or more transmissions based on one or more GSS including complementary Golay sequences of a length N = 64, a length N = 128, a length N = 256, and/or a length N = 512, e.g., as described below. In one example, the value of N may depend on a channel bonding factor, and/or one or more additional or alternative attributes and/or parameters.

[00221] In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, encode, transmit, detect, receive, process, and/or decode, one or more transmissions using one or more GSS including complementary Golay sequences of any other length N.

[00222] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine, generate, process and/or use one or more GSS, which may be configured for the sequence lengths N = 64, 128, 256, and/or 512, for example, for TRN subfields of TRN unit 400 (Fig. 4), e.g., as described below. [00223] In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine, generate, process and/or use one or more other additional or alternative GSS, e.g., configured with respect to any other additional or alternative sequence lengths N, and/or to be used in any other additional or alternative type of fields and/or transmissions.

[00224] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate EDMG sequences, e.g., the Golay complementary pairs of a GSS, for example, using a Golay sequence generator having a structure, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802. Had Specification and/or any other structure and/or in accordance with any other Specification.

[00225] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may include, operate as, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a Golay sequence generator 127 configured to generate Golay complementary pairs of a GSS, e.g., as described below.

[00226] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may include, operate as, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a Golay sequence generator 157 configured to generate Golay complementary pairs of a GSS, e.g., as described below.

[00227] In some demonstrative embodiments, the EDMG sequences, e.g., the Golay complementary pairs of a GSS, may be determined, defined, and/or generated, for example, according to one or more parameters, for example, a delay vector, denoted Dk, and/or a weight vector, denoted Wk, e.g., as described below.

[00228] In some demonstrative embodiments, a pair of vectors (Dk, Wk) may be set, for example, to define a Golay complementary pair, e.g., as described below.

[00229] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 127 may be configured to select and/or set a pair of vectors (Dk, Wk), which may be used by device 102 to generate a Golay complementary pair, which may be implemented, for example, to generate one or more subfields 410 (Fig. 4) of TRN unit 400 (Fig. 4) to be transmitted in a transmission from device 102, e.g., as described below.

[00230] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 157 may be configured to select and/or set a pair of vectors (Dk, Wk), which may be used by device 140 to generate a Golay complementary pair, which may be implemented, for example, to process one or more subfields of TRN unit 400 (Fig. 4) to be received in a transmission at device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00231] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 127 and/or Golay sequence generator 157 may be configured to define, generate, and/or use, a GSS, which may include a plurality of complementary Golay sequence pairs. For example, the GSS may include L complementary Golay sequence pairs, denoted (Ga Gb'), wherein i=l...L, e.g., as described below. For example, the GSS of the length N may include L complementary Golay sequence pairs (G N, wherein i=l...L, e.g., as described below.

[00232] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 127 and/or Golay sequence generator 157 may be configured to define, generate, and/or use, a GSS, for example, based on a delay vector, which may be based, for example, on the length N, for example, in compliance with an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification, e.g., as described below.

[00233] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value of the DK vector for each of the EDMG sequences, e.g., the Golay complementary pairs of a GSS, may be defined, e.g., as follows:

For (Gd64, Gb^I64): D_K = [2 1 4 8 16 32];

For (Gdm, Gb'm): D_K = [1 8 2 4 16 32 64];

For (Gd₂56, Gb se): D_K = [1 8 2 4 16 32 64 128];

For (Gdsn, GWsn): D_K = [1 8 2 4 16 32 64 128 256] (5) [00234] In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative delay vector may be used to define the GSS.

[00235] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 127 and/or Golay sequence generator 157 may be configured to define, generate, and/or use, a GSS, for example, based on the delay vector, while, for example, using a plurality of weight vectors Wk, e.g., as described below.

[00236] In some demonstrative embodiments, Golay sequence generator 127 and/or Golay sequence generator 157 may be configured to define, generate, and/or use, a GSS corresponding to the length N and the delay vector DK, for example, based on a plurality of Weight vectors Wk, for example, a set of L Weight vectors corresponding to the L Golay pairs, e.g., as described below.

[00237] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to define the EDMG sequence to be applied for the spatial stream of the MIMO transmission, for example, based on a Weight vector Wk corresponding to the number of the spatial stream, e.g., as described below.

[00238] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more values of the weight vector Wk for each of the EDMG sequences for the spatial stream numbers 1 - 8 may be defined, e.g., based on one or more of the following weight vectors: Spatial WK for Ga'64 WK for Ga'i28 WK for Ga'256 and WK for Ga'5i2 and stream and Gb'64 and Gb'i28 Gb'256 Gb'512

1 [+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,- [-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,- [-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- 1] 1,-1] 1,+1] 1,+1,+1]

2 [-1,+1,-1,-1,+1,- [+1,-1,-1,-1,+1,- [+1,-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [+1,-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- 1] 1,-1] 1,+1] 1,+1,+1]

3 [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,-1,+1,- 1] 1,+1] 1,+1,-1] 1,+1]

4 [+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,-1,+1,- 1] 1,+1] 1,+1,-1] 1,+1]

5 [-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,- [-i,-i,-i,+i,- [-i,-i,-i,+i,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1,+1,- 1] 1,+1,+1] 1,+1,+1,-1] 1,+1]

6 [+1,-1,-1,-1,+1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,- 1] 1,+1,+1] 1,+1,+1,-1] 1,+1,+1,-1,+1]

7 [-1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [-1,-1,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,+1,- [-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,+1,-1,- 1] 1,+1,+1,+1,-1] 1,-1] 1,+1]

8 [+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,- [+1,-1,- [+1,-1,- [+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,+1,- 1] 1,+1,+1,+1,-1] 1,+1,+1,+1,-1,-1] 1,-1,+1]

Table 2

[00239] For example, the values of the weight vectors Wk of Table 2 may be implemented to generate EDMG Golay sequences, which, for example, may be configured to support up to 8 space-time streams.

[00240] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or controller 154 may be configured to determine a value of the weight vector Wk to be used to define a Golay pair (G V, Gb^lN) corresponding to the sequence length N, for example, to be used for a TRN unit 400 (Fig. 4) to be communicated over an i-th stream, e.g., wherein i denotes the number of the stream, for example, according to Table 2.

[00241] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Table 2 may be further extended, for example, to include one or more additional weight vectors Wk, for example, to generate one or more additional EDMG sequences, e.g., to support transmissions with even more than 8 streams.

[00242] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to determine, generate, process and/or use a quadri-phase complex Golay complementary pair, which, for example, may be configured for the sequence lengths N = 192, and/or 384, e.g., as described below.

[00243] In some demonstrative embodiments, the pair of Golay sequences (Ga, Gb) may be based on the following recursive procedure:

AK (n) = WK AK-I (n) + B_K-i (n- D_K)

BK (n) = W_K AK-I (n) - B_K-i (n- D_K), (6) where (Ao(n), Bo(n)) = (+Ga3(2-n), + Gbi(2-n), if the index of the stream number i = 1, 3, 5 or 7;

Ao (n), B0(n)) = (+conj(Gb3 (n)), -conj(Ga3(n)), if the index of the stream number i = 2, 4, 6 or 8; and

Ga₃ = [+1, +1, -1]

Gb₃ = [+1, +j, +11

[00244] For example, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control Golay sequence generator 127 to generate the pair of Golay sequences (Ga, Gb) according to the recursive procedure (6); and/or controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control Golay sequence generator 157 to generate the pair of Golay sequences (Ga, Gb) according to the recursive procedure (6).

[00245] In other embodiments, the pair of Golay sequences (Ga, Gb) may be based on any other recursive procedure, and/or any other Golay sequence generation procedure.

[00246] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Golay complementary pair of length 192 (Gal92, Gbl92), and/or 384 (Ga384, Gb384) may be determined, for example, by starting from the length Ν = 3 and performing 6, and/or 7 iterations of the recursive procedure (6).

[00247] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value of the DK vector for each of the EDMG sequences may be defined, e.g., as follows:

For (Gdm, Gtim): D_K = [3 24 6 12 48 96] ;

For (Ga^L384, Gb^): D_K = [3 24 6 12 48 96 192], (7) wherein i is the stream number and 1 < i < 8.

[00248] In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative delay vector may be used to define the GSS. [00249] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more values of the weight vector Wk for each of the EDMG sequences for the spatial stream numbers 1 - 8 may be defined, e.g., based on one or more of the following weight vectors:

Table 3

[00250] In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative weight vectors may be used to define the GSS.

[00251] Reference is made to Fig. 5, which schematically illustrates a method of communicating an EDMG PPDU with a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 5 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1), and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1); a Golay sequence generator, e.g., Golay sequence generator 127 (Fig. 1); and/or Golay sequence generator 157 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1), and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), and/or transmitter 148 (Fig. 1); a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (Fig. 1), and/or receiver 146 (Fig. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).

[00252] As indicated at block 502, the method may include determining a plurality of TRN sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to determine the plurality of TRN sequences corresponding to the plurality of spatial stream numbers, e.g., as described above. [00253] As indicated at block 504, the method may include transmitting an EDMG PPDU including a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field including a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units includes a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields including a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence including a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to transmit the EDMG PPDU including the TRN field over the plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, e.g., as described above.

[00254] Reference is made to Fig. 6, which schematically illustrates a method of communicating an EDMG PPDU with a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1), and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1); a Golay sequence generator, e.g., Golay sequence generator 127 (Fig. 1); and/or Golay sequence generator 157 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1), and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1); a transmitter, e.g., transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), and/or transmitter 148 (Fig. 1); a receiver e.g., receiver 116 (Fig. 1), and/or receiver 146 (Fig. 1); and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).

[00255] As indicated at block 602, the method may include receiving at a first EDMG STA an EDMG PPDU including a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field including a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units includes a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields including a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence including a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number. For example, controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 140 (Fig. 1) to receive the EDMG PPDU including a TRN field from the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, e.g., as described above. [00256] As indicated at block 604, the method may include estimating a CIR based on the TRN field. For example, controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause, and/or trigger the wireless station implemented by device 140 (Fig. 1) to estimate the CIR based on the TRN field, e.g., as described above.

[00257] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically illustrates a product of manufacture 700, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Product 700 may include one or more tangible computer-readable ("machine readable") non-transitory storage media 702, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 704, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 116 (Fig. 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig. 1), controller 154 (Fig. 1), Golay sequence generator 127 (Fig. 1), Golay sequence generator 157 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), to cause device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 116 (Fig. 1), 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig. 1), controller 154 (Fig. 1), Golay sequence generator 127 (Fig. 1), Golay sequence generator 157 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1) to perform one or more operations, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities described above with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and/or 6, and/or one or more operations described herein. The phrase "non-transitory machine-readable medium" is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

[00258] In some demonstrative embodiments, product 700 and/or storage media 702 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non- volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or nonerasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. For example, machine- readable storage media 702 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR- DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD- RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

[00259] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[00260] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include, or may be implemented as, software, firmware, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

[00261] The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

[00262] Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to determine a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and transmit an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number. [00263] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00264] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

[00265] Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00266] Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 4, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00267] Example 6 includes the subject matter of Example 4 or 5, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00268] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 4-6, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00269] Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00270] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00271] Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00272] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00273] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00274] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet. [00275] Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00276] Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00277] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, comprising a radio to transmit the EDMG PPDU.

[00278] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

[00279] Example 18 includes a system of wireless communication comprising an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the EDMG STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the EDMG STA to determine a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and transmit an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

[00280] Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00281] Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

[00282] Example 21 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-20, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor. [00283] Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00284] Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 21 or 22, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00285] Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-23, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00286] Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-24, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00287] Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-25, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00288] Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-26, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00289] Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-27, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00290] Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-28, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00291] Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-29, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00292] Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-30, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00293] Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-31, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00294] Example 33 includes a method to be performed at an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the method comprising determining a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and transmitting an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

[00295] Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00296] Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally, comprising transmitting a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

[00297] Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-35, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00298] Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00299] Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 36 or 37, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00300] Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-38, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00301] Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-39, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00302] Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-40, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00303] Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-41, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00304] Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-42, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00305] Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-43, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit. [00306] Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-44, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00307] Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-45, and optionally, comprising transmitting the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00308] Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 33-46, and optionally, comprising transmitting the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00309] Example 48 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to determine a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and transmit an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

[00310] Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00311] Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmit a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

[00312] Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-50, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor. [00313] Example 52 includes the subject matter of Example 51, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00314] Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 51 or 52, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00315] Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-53, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00316] Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-54, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00317] Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-55, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00318] Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-56, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00319] Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-57, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00320] Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-58, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00321] Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-59, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00322] Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-60, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00323] Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 48-61, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00324] Example 63 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for determining a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and means for transmitting an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

[00325] Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00326] Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

[00327] Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-65, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00328] Example 67 includes the subject matter of Example 66, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00329] Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 66 or 67, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00330] Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 66-68, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00331] Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-69, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00332] Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-70, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00333] Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-71, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00334] Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-72, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00335] Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-73, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit. [00336] Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-74, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00337] Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-75, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00338] Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-76, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00339] Example 78 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to receive an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and estimate a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

[00340] Example 79 includes the subject matter of Example 78, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00341] Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79, and optionally, wherein the first AWV comprises an AWV for transmission of a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU.

[00342] Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-80, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00343] Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 81, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00344] Example 83 includes the subject matter of Example 81 or 82, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4. [00345] Example 84 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 81-83, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00346] Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-84, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00347] Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-85, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00348] Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-86, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00349] Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-87, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00350] Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-88, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00351] Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-89, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00352] Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-90, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00353] Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-91, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00354] Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-92, and optionally, comprising a radio to receive the EDMG PPDU.

[00355] Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-93, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

[00356] Example 95 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a first Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the first EDMG STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the first EDMG STA to receive an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and estimate a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

[00357] Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 95, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00358] Example 97 includes the subject matter of Example 96, and optionally, wherein the first AWV comprises an AWV for transmission of a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU.

[00359] Example 98 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-97, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00360] Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00361] Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 98 or 99, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00362] Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-100, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00363] Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-101, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00364] Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-102, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00365] Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-103, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00366] Example 105 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-104, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield. [00367] Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-105, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T- TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00368] Example 107 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-106, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00369] Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-107, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00370] Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-108, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00371] Example 110 includes a method to be performed at a first Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the method comprising receiving an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and estimating a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

[00372] Example 111 includes the subject matter of Example 110, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00373] Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 111, and optionally, wherein the first AWV comprises an AWV for transmission of a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU.

[00374] Example 113 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-112, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor. [00375] Example 114 includes the subject matter of Example 113, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00376] Example 115 includes the subject matter of Example 113 or 114, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00377] Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-115, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00378] Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-116, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00379] Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-117, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00380] Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-118, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00381] Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-119, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00382] Example 121 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-120, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T- TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00383] Example 122 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-121, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00384] Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-122, and optionally, comprising receiving the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00385] Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 110-123, and optionally, comprising receiving the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00386] Example 125 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a first Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to receive an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and estimate a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

[00387] Example 126 includes the subject matter of Example 125, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00388] Example 127 includes the subject matter of Example 126, and optionally, wherein the first AWV comprises an AWV for transmission of a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU.

[00389] Example 128 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-127, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00390] Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 128, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00391] Example 130 includes the subject matter of Example 128 or 129, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00392] Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-130, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00393] Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-131, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00394] Example 133 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-132, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00395] Example 134 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-133, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams. [00396] Example 135 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-134, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00397] Example 136 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-135, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T- TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00398] Example 137 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-136, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00399] Example 138 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-137, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00400] Example 139 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 125-138, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the first EDMG STA to receive the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00401] Example 140 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a first Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for receiving an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and means for estimating a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

[00402] Example 141 includes the subject matter of Example 140, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

[00403] Example 142 includes the subject matter of Example 141, and optionally, wherein the first AWV comprises an AWV for transmission of a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU. [00404] Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-142, and optionally, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

[00405] Example 144 includes the subject matter of Example 143, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

[00406] Example 145 includes the subject matter of Example 143 or 144, and optionally, wherein the channel bonding factor is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[00407] Example 146 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 143-145, and optionally, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

[00408] Example 147 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-146, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00409] Example 148 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-147, and optionally, wherein the TRN unit comprises only the plurality of TRN subfields.

[00410] Example 149 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-148, and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

[00411] Example 150 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-149, and optionally, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

[00412] Example 151 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-150, and optionally, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T- TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

[00413] Example 152 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-151, and optionally, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

[00414] Example 153 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-152, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00415] Example 154 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 140-153, and optionally, comprising means for receiving the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00416] Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.

[00417] While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to:

determine a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and

transmit an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit a preamble and a data field of the EDMG PPDU with the first AWV.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the Golay sequence length is based on a product of the channel bonding factor and 128.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the Golay sequence length is 64, 128, 192, 256, 284, or 512.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TRN unit comprises only said plurality of TRN subfields.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 spatial streams.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the TRN sequence in the TRN subfield is based on an index of the TRN subfield.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the plurality of TRN units comprise one or more of a Transmit Training (T-TRN) unit or a Receive Training (R-TRN) unit.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the EDMG PPDU comprises a Beam Refinement Protocol (BRP) packet.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-10 configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz

(GHz).

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-10 configured to cause the EDMG STA to transmit the EDMG PPDU over a channel bandwidth of at least 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz).

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-10 comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

16. A method to be performed at an Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA), the method comprising:

determining a plurality of Training (TRN) sequences corresponding to a plurality of spatial stream numbers; and

transmitting an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field over a plurality of spatial streams having the plurality of spatial stream numbers, respectively, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields to be transmitted with a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV), and the one or more second TRN subfields to be transmitted with a second AWV different from the first AWV.

18. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless station to perform the method of claim 16 or 17.

19. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a first Enhanced Directional Multi- Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to:

receive an EDMG Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) comprising a TRN field from a second EDMG STA over a plurality of spatial streams having a respective plurality of spatial stream numbers, the TRN field comprising a plurality of TRN units, a TRN unit of the plurality of TRN units comprises a plurality of TRN subfields over a spatial stream of the plurality of spatial streams, a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields comprising a TRN sequence corresponding to a spatial stream number of the spatial stream, the TRN sequence comprising a plurality of Golay sequences, which are based on the spatial stream number; and estimate a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) based on the TRN field.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the TRN unit comprises one or more first TRN subfields followed by one or more second of TRN subfields, the one or more first TRN subfields corresponding to a first Antenna Weight Vector (AWV) of the second EDMG STA, and the one or more second TRN subfields corresponding to a second AWV different from the first AWV.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the plurality of Golay sequences comprise a plurality of complementary Golay sequences having a Golay sequence length, which is based on a channel bonding factor.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.

23. The apparatus of any one of claims 19-22 comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

24. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a first Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) station (STA) to:

25. The product of any one of claim 24, wherein the TRN unit begins with a TRN subfield of the plurality of TRN subfields.