WO2018080089A1 - Film à transmittance variable - Google Patents

Film à transmittance variable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018080089A1
WO2018080089A1 PCT/KR2017/011505 KR2017011505W WO2018080089A1 WO 2018080089 A1 WO2018080089 A1 WO 2018080089A1 KR 2017011505 W KR2017011505 W KR 2017011505W WO 2018080089 A1 WO2018080089 A1 WO 2018080089A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
film
variable transmittance
layer
substrate
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PCT/KR2017/011505
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김정운
유수영
박문수
전병건
김신영
이지연
Original Assignee
주식회사 엘지화학
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Application filed by 주식회사 엘지화학 filed Critical 주식회사 엘지화학
Priority to EP17863589.2A priority Critical patent/EP3534200B1/fr
Priority to US16/342,085 priority patent/US11614660B2/en
Priority to CN201780052229.1A priority patent/CN109643013B/zh
Priority to JP2019506727A priority patent/JP6845304B2/ja
Priority claimed from KR1020170134946A external-priority patent/KR20180046871A/ko
Publication of WO2018080089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018080089A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G02F1/133715—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films by first depositing a monomer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G02F1/133726—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films made of a mesogenic material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133738—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homogeneous alignment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133773—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers the alignment material or treatment being different for the two opposite substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13392—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers dispersed on the cell substrate, e.g. spherical particles, microfibres

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a variable permeability film and its use.
  • variable transmittance film may refer to a functional film capable of adjusting the transmittance of sunlight.
  • the liquid crystal molecules may be divided into rod-shaped liquid crystals and discotic liquid crystals, depending on their form.
  • Rod-shaped liquid crystals can exhibit optical properties that cannot be obtained in stretched films because they exist in various orientation forms, including homogeneous, homeotropic, tilt, splay or cholesteric. have. For example, when a polymeric liquid crystal compound is apply
  • a liquid crystal alignment layer using a reactive mesogen mainly uses an A plate for horizontal alignment of a liquid crystal or a C plate for vertical alignment of a liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal may be horizontally or vertically aligned to implement various liquid crystal modes.
  • the alignment layer using the reactive mesogen has difficulty in controlling the pretilt of the liquid crystal, thereby causing a problem of increasing haze or non-uniform driving by expressing a specific texture during driving.
  • the pretilt of the liquid crystal is controlled through the alignment layer using the rubbing process.
  • the process is complicated.
  • An object of the present application is to adjust the pretilt of the liquid crystal interface by applying a liquid crystal alignment film containing the splay-aligned liquid crystal molecules, the vertical alignment and horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal interface is possible according to the average inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment film, It is to provide a variable transmittance film and its use that can ensure uniformity of driving and fast response speed.
  • the object of the present application is to control the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal alignment layer rather than the pre-tilt control method using a conventional rubbing method variable transmittance film that can be implemented in various modes by a simple coating-dry-curing method except rubbing process and To provide its use.
  • the present application relates to a variable transmittance film.
  • An exemplary variable transmittance film of the present application may sequentially include the first substrate 100, the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300, and the second substrate 200. At least one of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may include a liquid crystal alignment layer (not shown) including a splay oriented liquid crystal.
  • the transmittance variable film of the present application may control the pretilt of the liquid crystal interface without applying a conventional rubbing process by applying a liquid crystal alignment layer including the splay oriented liquid crystal molecules, and according to the average inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer, the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal interface
  • the vertical and horizontal orientations of are possible, thereby ensuring uniformity in driving and fast response speed.
  • the liquid crystal alignment film means an alignment film containing liquid crystal molecules
  • the non-liquid crystal alignment film means an alignment film containing no liquid crystal molecules.
  • the non-liquid crystal alignment layer may be, for example, an optical alignment layer described below.
  • display oriented liquid crystal in the present specification means a liquid crystal present in an alignment state in which the inclination angle of the liquid crystal molecules present in the liquid crystal layer is gradually changed according to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the pretilt may have an angle and a direction.
  • the pretilt angle may be referred to as a polar angle, and may refer to an angle formed by a director of the liquid crystal with respect to a plane parallel to the alignment layer.
  • the pretilt direction may be referred to as an azimuthal angle, and may refer to a direction in which the director of the liquid crystal is projected onto the horizontal surface of the alignment layer.
  • directory of liquid crystal may refer to a long axis when the liquid crystal has a rod shape, and may mean an axis in a normal direction of the disc plane when the liquid crystal has a discotic shape.
  • tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules means an angle at which one of the aligned liquid crystal molecules forms a plane of the liquid crystal layer.
  • pretilt angle herein means the smallest inclination angle of the inclination angle of the liquid crystal molecules present in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer.
  • the term "average inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer” as used herein means the average of the inclination angles of the splay oriented liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal alignment layer
  • the term “minimum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer” is a splay oriented liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal alignment layer It means the smallest inclination angle of the inclination angle of the molecules
  • the term “maximum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer” means the largest inclination angle of the inclination angle of the splay oriented liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the inclination angle may be calculated by measuring the phase difference value for each angle according to the manufacturer's manual using Axoscan, Axometrics Inc., a device capable of measuring the phase difference, and calculating the calculated angle difference from the measured phase difference value.
  • each of the above cases may include an error within about ⁇ 15 degrees, an error within about ⁇ 10 degrees or an error within about ⁇ 5 degrees.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate are portions in which voltage is applied from the outside to change the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer.
  • the first substrate may include a first electrode film and a first non-liquid crystal alignment layer formed on the first electrode film
  • the second substrate may include a second ratio formed on the second electrode film and the second electrode film.
  • a liquid crystal aligning film may be included.
  • the first electrode film may have a first electrode layer formed on the first base film
  • the second electrode film may have a second electrode layer formed on the second base film.
  • At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate may have a liquid crystal alignment layer, and specifically, at least one of the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer of the first substrate and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer of the second substrate may be a liquid crystal alignment layer. This can be formed.
  • the liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on any one of the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer, and in one embodiment, the liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on both the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • an optically transparent plastic film or sheet may be used as the first base film and the second base film, or glass may be used.
  • the plastic film or sheet may include a cellulose film or sheet such as a diacetyl cellulose (DAC) or a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or sheet; Cyclo olefin copolymer (COP) films or sheets such as norbornene derivative resin films or sheets; Acrylic film or sheet such as poly (methyl methacrylate) film or sheet; polycarbonate (PC) film or sheet; olefin film or sheet such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) film or sheet; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film Or sheets; poly ether sulfone (PES) films or sheets; polyetheretherketone (PEEK) films or sheets; polyetherimide (PEI) films or sheets; polyethylenenaphthatlate (PEN) films or sheets;
  • DAC diacetyl cellulose
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • a transparent conductive layer may be used as the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may be formed by depositing a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, a conductive nanowire, or a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the term "transmittance variable liquid crystal layer” means a layer in which the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules is changed by a voltage applied from the outside.
  • variable transmittance liquid crystal layer controls an inclination angle of the splay oriented liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal alignment layer, thereby controlling the pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules included in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer when voltage is not applied, that is, in an initial state. Can be adjusted.
  • the inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be controlled to a desired size according to the curing temperature at the time of manufacturing the first and / or second non-liquid crystal alignment layer present below.
  • the transmittance variable liquid crystal layer may have a horizontal alignment when no voltage is applied.
  • the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer to have a horizontal alignment when the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer is not applied to voltage may be 0.6 degrees to 18.3 degrees, 1.0 degrees to 16.6 degrees, 1.4 degrees to 14.9 degrees, or 1.8 degrees to 13.2 degrees.
  • the average inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer satisfies the above-described range, whereby a small reverse tilt domain is generated in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer to secure driving uniformity.
  • the curing temperature of the first and / or second non-liquid crystal alignment layer for having a horizontal alignment when the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer is not applied to voltage may be 20 °C to 70 °C, specifically, 30 °C to 65 °C or 40 °C To 60 ° C.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 0 degrees to 0.4 degrees, and the maximum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 0.2 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 0 degrees to 0.3 degrees, 0 degrees to 0.2 degrees or 0 degrees to 0.1 degrees, and the maximum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer is 1 degree to 45 degrees, 10 degrees to 45 degrees, or 20 degrees to 45 degrees. May be degree.
  • the transmittance variable liquid crystal layer may have a vertical alignment when no voltage is applied.
  • the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer for having a vertical alignment when the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer is not applied to voltage may be 35 degrees to 75 degrees, 40 degrees to 60 degrees, or 44 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the average tilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer satisfies the above-mentioned range, so that a small reverse tilt domain is generated in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer to secure driving uniformity.
  • the curing temperature of the first and / or second non-liquid crystal alignment layer for having a vertical alignment when the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer is not applied to the voltage may be greater than 70 °C to 90 °C, specifically, 75 °C to 85 °C or 78 °C to 82 °C.
  • the minimum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 0 degrees to 88 degrees, and the maximum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 0 degrees to 90 degrees, and specifically, The minimum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 10 degrees to 80 degrees, 20 degrees to 70 degrees, 30 degrees to 60 degrees, or 40 degrees to 50 degrees, and the maximum inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer is 10 degrees to 80 degrees, 20 degrees to 70 degrees. Degrees, 30 degrees to 60 degrees or 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
  • the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may include a non-reactive liquid crystal and a dichroic dye.
  • the non-reactive liquid crystal may mean a liquid crystal compound having no polymerizable group.
  • the polymerizable group include acryloyl group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl group, methacryloyloxy group, carboxyl group, hydroxy group, vinyl group, epoxy group, etc., but are not limited thereto.
  • Known functional groups known as may be included.
  • the non-reactive liquid crystal for example, a smectic liquid crystal compound, a nematic liquid crystal compound, or a cholesteric liquid crystal compound may be used.
  • the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may include a non-reactive liquid crystal having a dielectric constant anisotropy negative or positive.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal may be appropriately selected according to the driving mode described later.
  • the term "dielectric constant anisotropy ( ⁇ )” may mean the difference ( ⁇ / /- ⁇ ⁇ ) of the horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ / /) and the vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal.
  • horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) means a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in the state where a voltage is applied such that the direction of the electric field due to the director and the applied voltage of the liquid crystal molecules is substantially horizontal.
  • vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ⁇ ) means a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in the state where a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field by the director of the liquid crystal molecules and the applied voltage is substantially perpendicular.
  • the dichroic dye may contribute to variable transmittance by improving light blocking rate of the variable transmittance film.
  • the term “dye” may refer to a material capable of intensively absorbing and / or modifying light in at least part or the entire range within the visible light region, for example, in the 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength range.
  • the term “dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least part or the entire range of the visible light region.
  • a known dye known to have a property that can be aligned according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal may be selected and used, for example, a black dye may be used. .
  • Such dyes are known, for example, but not limited to azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and the like.
  • the splay alignment liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal alignment layer may be a reactive liquid crystal.
  • the reactive liquid crystal may refer to a liquid crystal compound having at least one polymerizable functional group.
  • the reactive liquid crystal is not limited thereto as long as it is a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable functional group described above in the variable liquid crystal layer, for example, cyano biphenyl acrylate, cyano phenyl cyclohexane acrylate, cyano phenyl ester And a mixture of one or more kinds of acrylates, benzoic acid phenyl ester acrylates, or phenyl pyrimidine acrylates.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 300 nm to 3000 nm. Specifically, the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment layer may be 400 nm to 2500 nm, 500 nm to 2000 nm, 600 nm to 1500 nm, or 700 nm to 1000 nm.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment layer is too thin, problems of coating property and in-plane uniformity may occur, and when the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment layer is too thick, the liquid crystal molecules of the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer have a weak influence on the liquid crystal alignment layer, resulting in a disordered alignment state. Can be represented.
  • a variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may be disposed on the liquid crystal alignment layer included in at least one of the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the liquid crystal alignment layer may be disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer having a maximum tilt angle than that of the liquid crystal molecules having the maximum tilt angle, and the liquid crystal molecules having the minimum tilt angle may be disposed on the liquid crystal molecules having the maximum tilt angle.
  • the liquid crystal molecules may be disposed closer to the variable liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal molecules having an intermediate tilt angle may be disposed closer to the liquid crystal molecules having a lower tilt angle and the largest tilt angle than the liquid crystal molecules having a minimum tilt angle and a maximum tilt angle.
  • the first non-liquid crystal aligning film and the second non-liquid crystal aligning film are films for orienting liquid crystal molecules adjacent to each other, for example, liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal alignment film or the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer in a predetermined direction.
  • the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer are respectively included in the first substrate and the second substrate, and specifically, the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on the first electrode film, and the second ratio The liquid crystal alignment layer may be formed on the second electrode film.
  • the thickness of the said 1st non-liquid crystal aligning film and the 2nd non-liquid crystal aligning film can be suitably selected and controlled in the range which does not impair the objective of this application.
  • the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer may be used by coating in a thickness range of about 1 ⁇ m or less in terms of appropriately inducing alignment of liquid crystal molecules included in the liquid crystal alignment layer and the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer. It can be adjusted as needed.
  • the non-contact type aligning film like a photo-alignment film can be used.
  • the photo alignment layer may include a photoalignment material.
  • the photo-orientation material may mean a material that is orientated in a predetermined direction through irradiation of light and orientates adjacent liquid crystal compounds and the like in a predetermined direction in the alignment state.
  • the photoalignable material for example, a photoalignable compound exhibiting liquid crystal alignment through photoisomerization reaction, photolysis reaction or photodimerization reaction by polarized ultraviolet ray irradiation may be used.
  • the photoalignable compound may be, for example, a compound comprising a photosensitive moiety.
  • Various photo-alignment compounds that can be used for the alignment of the liquid crystal compound are known.
  • Photo-alignment compounds include, for example, compounds aligned by trans-cis photoisomerization; Compounds aligned by photo-destruction, such as chain scission or photo-oxidation; Compounds ordered by photocrosslinking or photopolymerization such as [2 + 2] addition cyclization ([2 + 2] cycloaddition), [4 + 4] addition cyclization or photodimerization; Compounds aligned by photo-Fries rearrangement or compounds aligned by ring opening / closure reaction may be used.
  • azo compounds or stilbenes such as sulfated diazo dyes or azo polymers
  • cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • aromatic polysilane or polyester polystyrene or polyimide and the like
  • polystyrene or polyimide and the like can be exemplified.
  • a compound aligned by photocrosslinking or photopolymerization a cinnamate compound, a coumarin compound, a cinnanam compound, a tetrahydrophthalimide compound, a maleimide compound , Benzophenone compounds, diphenylacetylene compounds, compounds having chalconyl residues (hereinafter referred to as chalconyl compounds) or compounds having anthracenyl residues (hereinafter referred to as anthracenyl compounds) as photosensitive residues;
  • chalconyl compounds compounds having chalconyl residues
  • anthracenyl compounds compounds having anthracenyl residues
  • examples of the compounds aligned by the optical freeze rearrangement include aromatic compounds such as benzoate compounds, benzoamide compounds, and methacrylamidoaryl methacrylate compounds.
  • the compound aligned by the ring-opening / ring-closure reaction such as a spiropyran compound A [4 + 2] ⁇ electron system ([4 + 2] ⁇ electronic system), but may be exemplified by compounds such as sorting by a ring opening / ring-closure reaction of, without being limited thereto.
  • the photoalignable compound may be a monomolecular compound, a monomeric compound, an oligomeric compound, or a high molecular compound, or may be in the form of a blend of the photoalignable compound and a polymer.
  • the oligomeric or polymeric compound as described above may have a residue derived from the above-described photo-alignment substance or a photosensitive residue described above in the main chain or in the side chain.
  • Polymers having residues or photosensitive residues derived from photo-alignment compounds or that can be mixed with the photo-alignment compounds include polynorbornene, polyolefins, polyarylates, polyacrylates, poly (meth) acrylates, poly Examples include mead, poly (amic acid), polymaleimide, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl ester, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polyacrylonitrile or polymethacrylonitrile It may be, but is not limited thereto.
  • Polymers that may be included in the photo-orientation compound include polynorbornene cinnamate, polynorbornene alkoxy cinnamate, polynorbornene allylyloxy cinnamate, polynorbornene fluorinated cinnamate, polynorbornene chlorinated cinnamate Or polynorbornene discinnamate and the like can be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.
  • the photo alignment layer may have an appropriate surface roughness for uniform application and fixation of the ball spacer to be described later.
  • the surface roughness may be, for example, 3 nm to 100 nm of surface roughness Ra.
  • the surface roughness is, for example, a) a step of coating and drying and curing the composition comprising a nanoparticle, a curable resin and a solvent on a substrate; b) stamping the substrate into a mold; c) eroding the flat substrate with a partially erotable solvent; And d) applying a physical force to the flat substrate.
  • variable transmittance film may further include a ball spacer as a cell gap maintaining member for maintaining a cell gap between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the ball spacer may be included in a state of being fixed to one non-liquid crystal alignment layer of the first substrate.
  • the ball spacer is fixed to the first non-liquid crystal aligning film means that the ball spacer is firmly adhered to the first non-liquid crystal aligning film.
  • the ball spacer is fixed to the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer, which is different from simply contacting the ball spacer with the alignment layer, and the ball spacer is fixed to one surface of the alignment layer so that external force or pressure It may mean that there is no movement by. Whether or not the spacer is fixed to the alignment layer may be confirmed by, for example, in which alignment layer the spacer remains when the liquid crystal cell is disassembled.
  • the lower portion of the ball spacer may be fixed to the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer via a cured product formed on the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the cured product may be spaced apart from a plurality of regions on the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the cured product may have an inclined surface on the side.
  • the upper surface of the cured product may have a concave portion corresponding to the convex portion of the lower surface of the ball spacer.
  • the concave portion of the upper surface of the cured product and the convex portion of the lower surface of the ball spacer may be in close contact with each other.
  • the cured product may include a curable material.
  • a curable material a heat curable material or a photocurable material may be used.
  • an ultraviolet curable material may be used.
  • the heat-curable material for example, silicone resin, silicon resin, fran resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, amino resin, phenol resin, urea resin, polyester resin or melamine resin can be used.
  • ultraviolet curable materials are typically acrylic polymers such as polyester acrylate polymers, polystyrene acrylate polymers, epoxy acrylate polymers, polyurethane acrylate polymers or polybutadiene acrylate polymers, silicone acrylate polymers or alkyl acrylics. Late polymer and the like can be used.
  • An upper portion of the ball spacer may be in contact with the liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the ball spacer may maintain an interval such that the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may be formed between the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer and the liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the diameter of the ball spacer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the diameter of the ball spacer may be 2 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, specifically 8 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • an appropriate gap may be maintained so that a liquid crystal layer may be formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the material constituting the ball spacer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the ball spacer 301 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based material, a metal-based material, an oxide-based material, and a composite material thereof.
  • the ball spacer 301 may be suitable to implement a variable transmittance film.
  • the ball spacer in one example, it may be formed by applying the ball spacer composition before applying the composition for a variable transmittance liquid crystal layer on a substrate.
  • the ball spacer composition further includes a curable compound, a structure in which the ball spacer is fixed to the first substrate through the cured product may be implemented.
  • it may be formed by mixing and simultaneously applying the ball spacer and the composition for variable transmittance liquid crystal layer on a substrate. 2 exemplarily shows a variable transmittance film according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the variable transmittance film according to the exemplary embodiment of the present application varies the transmittance through a ball spacer 301 for maintaining a cell gap between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.
  • the liquid crystal layer 300 is formed.
  • the first substrate 100 includes a first electrode film 110 and a first non-liquid crystal alignment layer 120
  • the second substrate 200 includes a second electrode film 210 and a second non-liquid crystal alignment layer ( And a liquid crystal alignment layer 230 including a splay oriented liquid crystal.
  • variable transmittance film includes one liquid crystal alignment layer 230 including a splay oriented liquid crystal so that the liquid crystal molecules 302 included in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300 are horizontally aligned when no voltage is applied. Can be represented.
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary variable transmittance film according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the variable transmittance film according to another embodiment of the present application has a transmittance through a ball spacer 301 for maintaining a cell gap between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200.
  • the variable liquid crystal layer 300 is formed.
  • the first substrate 100 includes a liquid crystal alignment layer 130 including a first electrode film 110, a first non-liquid crystal alignment layer 120, and a splay oriented liquid crystal
  • the second substrate 200 is formed of a second substrate 200.
  • variable transmittance film includes two liquid crystal alignment layers 230 including a splay oriented liquid crystal so that the liquid crystal molecules 302 included in the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300 when no voltage is applied. Vertical orientation.
  • the reverse tilt domain size of the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300 may be 80 ⁇ m or less.
  • the upper limit of the reverse tilt domain size of the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300 may be 60 ⁇ m or less or 40 ⁇ m or less, and the lower limit of the reverse tilt domain size of the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer 300 is not particularly limited. For example, it may be 10 ⁇ m or more.
  • the transmittance variable liquid crystal layer 300 may have a reverse tilt domain having a small size within the aforementioned range, thereby securing driving uniformity.
  • variable transmittance film of the present application may vary the transmittance by controlling the alignment direction depending on whether a voltage is applied to the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer.
  • the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may switch the vertical alignment and the horizontal alignment according to whether the voltage is applied.
  • the transmittance variable film may implement a clear state in the horizontal orientation, it may implement a dark state in the vertical orientation.
  • the clear state may mean a state of high transmittance
  • the dark state may mean a state of low transmittance.
  • the transmittance in the clear state may be 40% or more, 45% or more, or 50% or more, and the transmittance in the dark state may be 5% or less, 4% or less, or 3% or less.
  • variable transmittance film may be driven in various modes by controlling the pretilt by the liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • the variable transmittance film may be implemented in a vertically aligned (VA) mode.
  • VA vertically aligned
  • the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the variable transmissivity liquid crystal layer may exist in a vertical alignment state when no voltage is applied and in a horizontal alignment state when a voltage is applied.
  • the transmittance variable film may be embodied in an electrically controlled fringefringence (ECB) mode.
  • the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
  • the transmittance variable liquid crystal layer When driven in the ECB mode, the transmittance variable liquid crystal layer may exist in a horizontal alignment state when no voltage is applied and in a vertical alignment state when a voltage is applied.
  • the liquid crystal pretilt at the interface with the variable transmittance liquid crystal layer using a liquid crystal alignment layer containing a splay-oriented liquid crystal, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal having a negative or positive dielectric anisotropy during on-off driving Since it can control, drive uniformity can be ensured.
  • the variable transmittance film may be driven in a twisted nematic (TN) mode.
  • variable transmittance film of the present application can be applied to any device to which the variable transmittance can be applied.
  • the variable transmittance film of the present application may be applied to a sunroof, goggles, sunglasses or a helmet, etc. to provide a variable transmittance device.
  • the variable transmittance device includes the variable transmittance film of the present application, other parts or structures are not particularly limited, and all contents known in the art may be appropriately applied.
  • the transmittance variable film of the present application may control the pretilt of the liquid crystal interface by applying a liquid crystal alignment layer including a splay oriented liquid crystal molecules, and the vertical and horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal layer or the liquid crystal interface according to the average inclination angle of the liquid crystal alignment layer This can ensure driving uniformity and fast response speed.
  • the variable transmittance film of the present application can be implemented in various modes by a simple coating-drying-curing method except the rubbing process by adjusting the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules rather than the pretilt control method using a conventional rubbing method by applying a liquid crystal alignment film. Do.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing an exemplary variable transmittance film according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a variable transmittance film of Examples 1 and 2.
  • Example 3 is a view showing a variable transmittance film of Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a drive image of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a drive image of Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a drive image of Comparative Example 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a result of evaluation of transmittance according to a driving voltage of Example 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of evaluation of transmittance according to the viewing angle of Example 3.
  • the coated composition was dried at about 80 ° C. for about 2 minutes.
  • the dried composition was 200 mW / cm 2 at room temperature (25 ⁇ 5 °C)
  • a polarized ultraviolet light of intensity was irradiated vertically (0 °) for 10 seconds and cured to form a first non-liquid crystal aligning film.
  • the ball spacer composition was coated on the first non-liquid crystal alignment layer using a mayer bar (# 10) and then coated to about 60 nm in thickness.
  • the coated composition was dried at about 100 ° C. for about 2 minutes.
  • the dried composition was irradiated with a polarized ultraviolet light of about 200 mW / cm 2 intensity for 10 seconds vertically (0 °) to fix a ball spacer on the first non-liquid crystal aligning film to prepare a first substrate.
  • the coating was about 300 nm thick.
  • the coated composition was dried at about 80 ° C. for about 2 minutes.
  • the dried composition was cured by irradiating 200 mW / cm 2 of polarized ultraviolet light at a normal temperature (25 ⁇ 5 ° C.) for 10 seconds vertically (0 °) to form a second non-liquid crystal alignment layer.
  • a splay oriented liquid crystal mixture (trade name: RMM667, manufactured by MERCK Co., Ltd.) dissolved in toluene at 25% by weight on the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer was coated using a mayer bar (# 4) to form a liquid crystal alignment layer. Then, the said liquid crystal aligning film was dried for 2 minutes in 80 degreeC oven. After drying, the ultraviolet ray of 300 mW / cm 2 intensity was irradiated for about 10 seconds at 40 ° C. to prepare a second substrate having a liquid crystal alignment layer having a thickness of 1000 nm.
  • the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer was a ball.
  • the second substrate was laminated so as to be in contact with the spacer, and a liquid crystal cell was prepared as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curing temperature was changed to 60 ° C. after drying when the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer composition was coated.
  • a first substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curing temperature was changed to 80 ° C. after drying in coating the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer composition.
  • a second substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the curing temperature was changed to 80 ° C. after drying in coating the second non-liquid crystal aligning film composition.
  • Ball spacer and solution for variable transmittance liquid crystal layer obtained by mixing 100 mg of azo dye (X12, Basf) and 1 g of negative liquid crystal composition (MAT-13-1422, Merck) on the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer of the first substrate ( After applying KBN-510, SEKISUI Co., Ltd., the first substrate was laminated with a second substrate to prepare a liquid crystal cell as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a horizontal alignment liquid crystal mixture (RMM1290, Merck) was used instead of the display alignment liquid crystal mixture when the second substrate was prepared.
  • RMM1290 horizontal alignment liquid crystal mixture
  • Tilt angles were measured for the second non-liquid crystal aligning films of the second substrates of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples, and the average values thereof are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the inclination angle of the second non-liquid crystal alignment layer of the second substrate was measured by measuring and simulating a phase difference value for each angle using Axoscan equipment of Axometics, and calculating the average value. Specifically, after manufacturing the second non-liquid crystal aligning film of the second substrate, the phase difference was measured at intervals of 1 ° from 60 ° to ⁇ 60 °, and the tilt angle was measured through fitting simulation, and the average value thereof was calculated.
  • Evaluation example 1 Domain size evaluation (microscopic observation)
  • Example 1 It evaluated the uniform drive of the liquid crystal cell of Example 1, 2, and a comparative example. Specifically, the size of the reverse tilt domain in which the liquid crystal is expressed in the low voltage driving of 3 V, that is, the region in which the liquid crystal molecules have different directions at the time of tilting was evaluated by a microscope measurement.
  • Example 4 to 6 are micrographs (50 magnifications) of the liquid crystal cells of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples, respectively, measured at a driving voltage of 3 V (AC). From FIG. 4, Example 1 showed a reverse tilt domain of about 30 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and from Example 5, Example 10 showed a reverse tilt domain of about 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. Reverse tilt domains of size between about 150 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m were observed. That is, as the average inclination angle shown in Table 1 increases, a small reverse tilt domain is generated, and it can be seen that the embodiment is driven more uniformly than the comparative example.
  • Evaluation example 2 evaluation of transmittance according to voltage
  • the average transmittance of the driving voltage was measured at a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, and the results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. 7.
  • the voltage ratio was applied (0 V)
  • the clear mode of the transmission of about 26.6% was shown
  • the voltage of about 20V was applied, the mode was switched to the dark mode of the transmission of about 4.52%.
  • the average transmittance of the liquid crystal cell of Example 3 was measured at a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm according to the viewing angle, and the results are shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, the transmittance according to the viewing angle (Polar Angle) when the voltage is not applied (0V) at an azimuth angle of 90 ° was measured. As a result of the measurement, it was confirmed that the vertical alignment was well achieved.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un film à transmittance variable et son utilisation, et des films d'alignement de cristaux liquides comprenant des molécules de cristaux liquides à alignement splay sont appliqués au film à transmittance variable de la présente invention, ce qui permet de régler l'inclinaison préalable d'une interface à cristaux liquides, et les couches de cristaux liquides ou l'interface de cristaux liquides sont alignées verticalement et horizontalement en fonction de l'angle d'inclinaison moyen des films d'alignement de cristaux liquides, ce qui permet d'assurer une uniformité de fonctionnement et une vitesse de réponse rapide. De plus, les films d'alignement de cristaux liquides sont appliqués au film à transmittance variable de la présente invention, de telle sorte que l'alignement de molécules de cristaux liquides est ajusté sans utiliser un procédé de commande de pré-inclinaison à l'aide d'un procédé de frottement existant, ce qui permet de mettre en oeuvre le film à transmittance variable dans divers modes par un procédé simple de durcissement-séchage-durcissement excluant une étape de frottement.
PCT/KR2017/011505 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 Film à transmittance variable WO2018080089A1 (fr)

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EP17863589.2A EP3534200B1 (fr) 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 Film à transmittance variable
US16/342,085 US11614660B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 Transmittance-variable film capable of controlling pretilt of liquid crystal interface
CN201780052229.1A CN109643013B (zh) 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 透射率可变膜
JP2019506727A JP6845304B2 (ja) 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 透過度可変フィルム

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KR20160141785 2016-10-28
KR1020170134946A KR20180046871A (ko) 2016-10-28 2017-10-18 투과도 가변 필름
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US11300837B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2022-04-12 Lg Chem, Ltd. Method of applying particles

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