WO2018078566A1 - System for recovering nutrients from urine - Google Patents

System for recovering nutrients from urine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018078566A1
WO2018078566A1 PCT/IB2017/056663 IB2017056663W WO2018078566A1 WO 2018078566 A1 WO2018078566 A1 WO 2018078566A1 IB 2017056663 W IB2017056663 W IB 2017056663W WO 2018078566 A1 WO2018078566 A1 WO 2018078566A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
urine
nutrient
effluent
trapping
urea
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PCT/IB2017/056663
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Rochel MONTERO LAGO
Natália Gabriela SILVA PINHEIRO
Arthur Gabriel DA SILVA
Raphael CAPRUNI ANDRADE VAZ
Hamilton PEREIRA DA ROCHA JÚNIOR
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Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais - Ufmg
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Publication of WO2018078566A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018078566A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02—Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E03D11/025—Combined with wash-basins, urinals, flushing devices for chamber-pots, bed-pans, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K17/00—Other equipment, e.g. separate apparatus for deodorising, disinfecting or cleaning devices without flushing for toilet bowls, seats or covers; Holders for toilet brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C05C9/005—Post-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/005—Fertilisers containing potassium post-treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a urine nutrient trapping system for the adsorption of phosphorus and urea.
  • Human urine contains nutrients essential for agriculture such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), considered as potential fertilizers.
  • the nutrient trap consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Once affixed, the part will be strategically positioned, thus allowing the absorption of the elements contained in the effluent.
  • the body includes a threaded cartridge that contains adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea.
  • Phosphorus an essential nutrient for plants, but present in small amounts in soil, is used in agriculture as a basis for fertilizer production to increase soil yield.
  • An adult can produce about 500 liters of urine per year containing 4.0kg N, 400g P and 900g K (ESREY et al., 1998), which are ideally suited for use by plants. : nitrogen in the form of urea, phosphorus as orthophosphate and potassium as free ion (Kirchmann et al., 1995).
  • Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are used, among other elements, however, national production is not enough to meet the demand, requiring importation (ANDA, 2007).
  • the first document brings a continuous system for the recovery of bran and extraction of fertilizer in swine manure, through a continuous process of washing and removal of soluble substances from urine, eliminating impurities and can be fed to cattle and fingerlings. From the bran recovery process the fertilizer will be extracted.
  • the document PI 9301910-6 deals with the use of bovine urine in vegetables to control fungal and bacterial diseases, as well as its use as fertilizer. Because it is bacteria free, urine can be stored in a sealed plastic container for up to 12 months. Urine collection is mainly done in dairy cows before milking.
  • the PI 0906262-9 document entitled 'Method for determining the sewage rate and improving the quality of liquid and gaseous effluents issued by buildings ⁇ relates to a method for determining the rate of drainage and improved quality of liquid and gaseous effluents emitted by buildings.
  • the generated raw sewage is classified as being of high or low concentration of organic load, being each classification submitted to a new treatment method.
  • urine is used as the C0 2 to capture the fluid, which results in an effluent consisting of an ammonium bicarbonate solution, which has application in the fertilizer and chemical industry.
  • the purpose of this document is to propose new methods of sewage treatment.
  • the invention WO20051 15946, titled * The device for manufacturing organic compost from the excrement relates to a device for manufacturing an organic compound from human excreta.
  • the technology has a device installed below the toilet seat which comprises a conveyor belt capable of transporting droppings to the so-called agitation room where the process is performed.
  • urine there is, in addition to a liquid collector that receives and evaporates all the urine deposited in the conveyor belt, a room for purifying the excrement drying air and urine in the main body, where the air is discharged through a exhaust pipe.
  • the urine nutrient capture system consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Includes exclusive threaded cartridge containing adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea.
  • FIGURE 1 - Figure 1 represents the front view of the P4Trap pickup showing the body (1), the upper cavity (2), the perforations (4) and the inner cylindrical body (5).
  • FIGURE 2 Figure 2 shows the rear view of the P4Trap pickup showing the suction cups (6), the taper barrier (8), the lower inner region (12) of the body (1) and the perforations ( 7).
  • FIGURE 3 - Figure 3 shows the bottom view of the P4Trap pickup, where the suction cups (6), the body (1) and the exclusive refill (10) are represented.
  • FIGURE 4 - Figure 4 shows the top view of the P4Trap pickup, showing the suction cups (6), the body (1), the inner cylindrical body (5) and the taper barrier (8).
  • FIGURE 5 - Figure 5 depicts the unique refill (10) of the P4Trap trap, which contains the nutrient trapping material (9), the perforations (3) and the tapping (11).
  • the present invention describes a urine nutrient trapping system for the adsorption of phosphorus and urea.
  • Human urine contains nutrients essential for agriculture such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), considered as potential fertilizers.
  • the nutrient trap consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Once affixed, the part will be strategically positioned, thus allowing the absorption of the elements contained in the effluent.
  • the body includes a threaded cartridge that contains adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea.
  • the object of the invention is for the reuse of phosphate and urea present in urine directly in toilets.
  • the configuration adopted for the urine nutrient capture system allows the nutrient capture system to be affixed to toilets and urinals by inserting and removing the cartridges in a practical and simple way.
  • the proposed nutrient trap comprises a system composed of a plastic molded body including a suction cup affixing system (6) at its rear to capture the effluent which, as it passes through the upper cavity (2), encounters a taper barrier (8), traversing the inner cylindrical body (5) containing the nutrient trapping material (9) responsible for adsorbing phosphorus and urea, which are retained in an exclusive refill (10).
  • the molded plastic body (1) also includes a suction cup affixing system (6) at its rear, responsible for affixing the nutrient trapping system to toilets and urinals. Inserting and removing cartridges is practical and simple.
  • the urine nutrient trapping system is in a strategic position to capture the effluent that passes through the upper cavity (2) and encounters a tapering barrier (8).
  • the effluent (urine) travels through the inner cylindrical body (5) containing the nutrient capturing material (9), responsible for adsorbing only the useful elements for the manufacture of fertilizers, in this case phosphorus and urea. .
  • This material is retained in a unique threaded refill (10) (11) containing perforations (3) at its bottom allowing the effluent to exit upon termination of contact with all nutrient trapping material (9).
  • the effluent passes through the perforation (7) in the internal body (5), reaching the other inferior internal region (12) to the body (1).
  • the lower internal region (12) is the place where possible materials leached by the effluent will pass through the nutrient trapping material (9).
  • the effluent exits through the perforation (4) present in the body (1), thus completing the path to be traveled by the urine inside the nutrient trap 4Trap_.
  • the unique refill (10) is a cylindrical molded plastic body, threaded at its bottom to be inserted and secured to the body of the nutrient capturing system.
  • the proposed system may have the shape of the vase itself, fitting exactly to the curvature of porcelain.
  • the proposed system can be fixed to both the rear interior of the vessel and the front.
  • the prototype was subjected to the action of urine flow in the vessel to evaluate its fixation efficiency and to determine possible agglomeration points in it.
  • the ideal is to use an adsorbent material that retains nutrients, especially phosphate and urea, and allows the flow of urine to pass through.
  • the nutrient adsorbent tested in this example was a material based on a calcium-containing clay mixture in the form of particles with diameters between 2 and 5 mm having removals of the order of 80-90% nutrient. After receiving between 50-100 urine loads, the particulate matter can be removed and the capture system can be reused with a new load of adsorbent material.

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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention describes a system for recovering nutrients from urine, aimed at adsorbing phosphorus and urea. Human urine contains nutrients that are essential for agriculture, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which are considered to be potential fertilizers. According to the proposed technology, the nutrient-recovery system consists of a single component made from plastic and intended to be attached inside urinals and toilet bowls by means of suction cups on the back thereof. Once attached, the component is strategically positioned, thereby enabling adsorption of the elements contained in the urine. To this end, the body includes a screw-in refill containing adsorbent material that is capable of recovering phosphorus and urea. The object of the invention is aimed at directly recycling phosphate and urea found in urine from urinals and toilet bowls by inserting and removing cartridges in a practical and simple manner.

Description

SISTEMA CAPTURADOR DE NUTRIENTES DE URINA  URINE NUTRIENT CATCHING SYSTEM
[01] A presente invenção descreve um sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, que visa à adsorção de fósforo e ureia. A urina humana contém nutrientes essenciais à agricultura, tais como Nitrogénio (N), Fósforo (P) e Potássio (K), considerados fertilizantes em potencial. De acordo com a tecnologia proposta, o capturador de nutrientes consiste em uma peça única confeccionada em plástico a ser fixada dentro de mictórios e vasos sanitários por meio de ventosas em sua parte traseira. Uma vez afixada, a peça será posicionada de forma estratégica, possibilitando assim a absorção dos elementos contidos no efluente. Para tal, o corpo inclui um refil rosqueado que contém material adsorvente capaz de capturar fósforo e ureia. O objeto da invenção destina-se ao reaproveitamento de fosfato e ureia presentes na urina diretamente em sanitários. A configuração adotada para o sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina permite afixar o sistema capturador de nutrientes em vasos sanitários e mictórios, através da inserção e retirada dos cartuchos de forma prática e simples. [01] The present invention describes a urine nutrient trapping system for the adsorption of phosphorus and urea. Human urine contains nutrients essential for agriculture such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), considered as potential fertilizers. According to the proposed technology, the nutrient trap consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Once affixed, the part will be strategically positioned, thus allowing the absorption of the elements contained in the effluent. To this end, the body includes a threaded cartridge that contains adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea. The object of the invention is for the reuse of phosphate and urea present in urine directly in toilets. The configuration adopted for the urine nutrient capture system allows the nutrient capture system to be affixed to toilets and urinals by inserting and removing the cartridges in a practical and simple way.
[02] Nas estações de tratamento de esgoto, o alto custo de implantação do sistema de tratamento torna a remoção dos nutrientes presentes no esgoto inviável em muitos casos. De acordo com o Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento, somente 34,6% da rede de esgoto no Brasil recebe tratamento (SNIS, 2008). Além disso, apenas 43,2% da população tem acesso a serviços de coleta de esgotos (SNIS, 2008). [02] In sewage treatment plants, the high cost of implementing the treatment system makes the removal of nutrients present in sewage unviable in many cases. According to the National Sanitation Information System, only 34.6% of Brazil's sewage system receives treatment (SNIS, 2008). Moreover, only 43.2% of the population has access to sewage collection services (SNIS, 2008).
[03] Presentes na urina humana, fluido rico em sais e água, o Nitrogénio (N), o Fósforo (P) e o Potássio (K), nutrientes encontrados no esgoto doméstico, são elementos utilizados no processo de fabricação de fertilizantes. [03] Present in human urine, fluid rich in salts and water, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), nutrients found in domestic sewage, are elements used in the fertilizer manufacturing process.
[04] O fósforo, nutriente essencial para as plantas, porém presente em pequenas quantidades no solo, é utilizado na agricultura como base para a produção de fertilizantes, visando aumentar o rendimento do solo. [05] Um adulto pode produzir cerca de 500 litros de urina por ano contendo 4,0Kg de N, 400g de P e 900g de K (ESREY et al., 1998), e que se encontram na forma ideal para serem aproveitados pelas plantas: o nitrogénio na forma de ureia, o fósforo como ortofosfato e o potássio como íon livre (KIRCHMANN et al., 1995). [04] Phosphorus, an essential nutrient for plants, but present in small amounts in soil, is used in agriculture as a basis for fertilizer production to increase soil yield. [05] An adult can produce about 500 liters of urine per year containing 4.0kg N, 400g P and 900g K (ESREY et al., 1998), which are ideally suited for use by plants. : nitrogen in the form of urea, phosphorus as orthophosphate and potassium as free ion (Kirchmann et al., 1995).
[06] Devido ao seu potencial como fertilizante na agricultura, algumas técnicas para tratamento e extração dos nutrientes presentes na urina humana são utilizadas. Entre elas podemos citar a estocagem da urina em um recipiente fechado, segregação prévia da fonte ou ainda, a retirada dos nutrientes presentes no esgoto doméstico já nas estações de tratamento.  [06] Due to its potential as a fertilizer in agriculture, some techniques for treating and extracting nutrients from human urine are used. Among them we can mention the storage of urine in a closed container, previous segregation of the source or even the removal of nutrients present in the domestic sewage already in the treatment plants.
[07] Para a fabricação de fertilizantes, são utilizados Nitrogénio, Fósforo e Potássio, entre outros elementos, porém, a produção nacional não é suficiente para suprir a demanda, havendo necessidade de importação (ANDA, 2007). [07] For the manufacture of fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are used, among other elements, however, national production is not enough to meet the demand, requiring importation (ANDA, 2007).
[08] Com o intuito de suprir essa necessidade, já existem no estado da técnica tecnologias que visam facilitar o processo de obtenção dos nutrientes presentes na urina, uma vez que o uso desses nutrientes poderá minimizar o problema devido à escassez de rochas ricas em fosfatos, além de reduzir o lançamento de efluentes sem tratamento na rede de esgoto, visto que, conforme dito anteriormente, menos da metade da rede doméstica no Brasil recebe o tratamento adequado em suas estações de esgoto.  [08] In order to meet this need, there are already technologies in the state of the art that aim to facilitate the process of obtaining nutrients present in the urine, since the use of these nutrients may minimize the problem due to the scarcity of rich phosphate rocks. , in addition to reducing the discharge of untreated effluents into the sewage system, as, as stated earlier, less than half of Brazil's domestic sewage system receives appropriate treatment at its sewage stations.
[09] Os documentos existentes relacionados ao reaproveitamento de urina e seu uso como fertilizantes não relacionam nenhum dispositivo que possa ser instalado em sanitários de forma prática e rápida, visando absorver apenas os nutrientes necessários no processo de fabricação de fertilizantes.  [09] Existing documents related to the reuse of urine and its use as fertilizers do not list any device that can be installed in toilets in a practical and fast way, aiming to absorb only the nutrients needed in the fertilizer manufacturing process.
[010] De forma geral, os documentos encontrados a respeito da extração de nutrientes de urina relacionam novos processos para o tratamento de esgoto, onde excrementos humanos, ao serem tratados, poderão ser aplicados, entre outros meios, na agricultura. [010] In general, the documents found regarding urine nutrient extraction relate new processes for the treatment of urine sewage, where human excreta, when treated, may be applied, among other means, to agriculture.
[011 ] Os documentos PI 0902257-0 e PI 9301910-6, intitulados Sistema contínuo para recuperação do farelo e extração do fertilizante existentes nos dejetos de suínos, e 'Métodos para utilização da urina bovina no controle de fungos e bactérias; como fertilizante e estimulante de crescimento; como estimulante de enraizamento; como herbicida; como transportadora e fixadora de substâncias; para aumentar o teor de sólidos solúvies; como estimulante de floração; para aumentar o tempo de duração do fruto na planta e para tratamento pós colheita ^ respectivamente, tratam da utilização de urina de animais na agricultura. O primeiro documento traz um sistema contínuo para recuperação do farelo e extração do fertilizante existente nos dejetos de suínos, através de um processo contínuo de lavagem e remoção das substâncias solúveis da urina, eliminando as impurezas, podendo ser destinado à alimentação de bovinos e alevinos. A partir do processo de recuperação do farelo será extraído o fertilizante. Já o documento PI 9301910-6 trata da utilização da urina bovina em vegetais, no controle de doenças fúngicas e bacterianas, além de sua utilização como fertilizante. Por ser livre de bactérias, a urina pode ser armazenada em um recipiente plástico fechado por até 12 meses. A coleta da urina é feita principalmente em vacas leiteiras, antes da ordenha. [011] Documents PI 0902257-0 and PI 9301910-6, entitled Continuous Bran Recovery and Fertilizer Extraction System in Pig Manure, and ' Methods for Using Bovine Urine to Control Fungi and Bacteria; as a fertilizer and growth stimulant; as a rooting stimulant; as a herbicide; as a carrier and fixer of substances; to increase the soluble solids content; as a flowering stimulant; to increase the time duration of the fruit on the plant and for post harvest treatment ^ respectively, deal with the use of animal urine in agriculture. The first document brings a continuous system for the recovery of bran and extraction of fertilizer in swine manure, through a continuous process of washing and removal of soluble substances from urine, eliminating impurities and can be fed to cattle and fingerlings. From the bran recovery process the fertilizer will be extracted. The document PI 9301910-6 deals with the use of bovine urine in vegetables to control fungal and bacterial diseases, as well as its use as fertilizer. Because it is bacteria free, urine can be stored in a sealed plastic container for up to 12 months. Urine collection is mainly done in dairy cows before milking.
[012] O documento PI 0906262-9, intitulado 'Método para a determinação da tarifa de esgoto e melhoria da qualidade dos efluentes líquidos e gasosos emitidos por edificações ^ refere-se a um método para a determinação da tarifa de esgoto e melhoria da qualidade dos efluentes líquidos e gasosos emitidos por edificações. O esgoto bruto gerado é classificado como sendo de alta ou baixa concentração de carga orgânica, sendo cada classificação submetida a um novo método de tratamento. Aqui, a urina é utilizada como fluido para capturar C02, o que resulta em um efluente constituído por uma solução de bicarbonato de amónio, que tem aplicação na indústria de fertilizante e química. Além de um novo modelo de tarifa de esgoto, a ser aplicado pelas concessionárias responsáveis pelo tratamento de água e esgoto, o objetivo do documento citado é de propor novos métodos de tratamento de esgoto. [012] The PI 0906262-9 document entitled 'Method for determining the sewage rate and improving the quality of liquid and gaseous effluents issued by buildings ^ relates to a method for determining the rate of drainage and improved quality of liquid and gaseous effluents emitted by buildings. The generated raw sewage is classified as being of high or low concentration of organic load, being each classification submitted to a new treatment method. Here, urine is used as the C0 2 to capture the fluid, which results in an effluent consisting of an ammonium bicarbonate solution, which has application in the fertilizer and chemical industry. In addition to a new model of sewage tariff, to be applied by the utilities responsible for water and sewage treatment, the purpose of this document is to propose new methods of sewage treatment.
[013] A invenção WO20051 15946, intitulada *A device for manufacturing organic compost from excremento se refere a um dispositivo para fabricação de um composto orgânico a partir de excrementos humanos. Para tal, a tecnologia conta com um dispositivo instalado abaixo do assento sanitário, o qual compreende uma correia de transporte, capaz de transportar excrementos até a chamada sala de agitação ^ onde é feito o processo. Com relação à urina, existe, além de um coletor de líquido que recebe e evapora toda a urina depositada no cinto de transporte, uma sala de purificação do ar de secagem dos excrementos e urina no corpo principal, onde o ar é descarregado através de um tubo de escape. Diante da descrição da tecnologia a qual o documento WO20051 15946 se refere, fica claro que o disposto proposto no atual pedido de patente possui uma instalação mais simples, devido ao seu formato e componentes diferentes, o que garante a absorção de nutriente da urina de forma simplificada em relação ao que já existe. [013] The invention WO20051 15946, titled * The device for manufacturing organic compost from the excrement relates to a device for manufacturing an organic compound from human excreta. To this end, the technology has a device installed below the toilet seat which comprises a conveyor belt capable of transporting droppings to the so-called agitation room where the process is performed. With regard to urine, there is, in addition to a liquid collector that receives and evaporates all the urine deposited in the conveyor belt, a room for purifying the excrement drying air and urine in the main body, where the air is discharged through a exhaust pipe. In view of the description of the technology to which WO20051 15946 refers, it is clear that the provisions proposed in the current patent application have a simpler installation due to their different shape and components, which ensures the absorption of nutrient from the urine in such a way. simplified from what already exists.
[014] Ainda, é de conhecimento do estado da técnica a utilização de sistemas separadores de urina usados principalmente na Suécia e China. Basicamente são usados três tipos: os vasos sanitários separadores com uso de água, onde os dois compartimentos possuem descarga de água, sendo um específico para coleta de urina; os vasos secos separadores de urina, onde as fezes e o papel são coletados a seco em um contai ner abaixo do vaso sanitário; além dos chamados banheiros externos com dispositivo de separação de urina, dispositivo que consiste em um funil, localizado na parte dianteira da abertura do sanitário. Nesse sistema a urina é coletada na frente e levada a um contai ner de armazenamento. [014] Furthermore, it is well known in the art to use urine separating systems mainly used in Sweden and China. Basically three types are used: the separating toilets with water use, where the two compartments have water discharge, one specific for collecting urine; dry urine separators, where feces and paper are collected dryly in a container below the toilet; besides the so-called external toilets with urine separation device, a device consisting of a funnel, located on the front of the toilet opening. In this system the urine is collected at the front and taken to a storage container.
[015] Conforme observado, a reciclagem de nutrientes da urina para fins agrícolas é uma boa alternativa para solucionar o problema da escassez de rochas ricas em fosfatos, que é componente fundamental para a fabricação de fertilizantes. Empecilhos como a substituição de aparelhos sanitários e adequação das instalações domiciliares surgem como fatores limitantes à aplicação dessa técnica, o que motivou a tecnologia proposta na presente invenção, que descreve uma solução prática e de custo reduzido, para reaproveitamento de fósforo e ureia presentes na urina humana. [015] As noted, the recycling of nutrients from urine for agricultural purposes is a good alternative to solve the problem of phosphate-rich rock shortages, which is a key component of fertilizer manufacturing. Barriers such as the replacement of toilets and the adequacy of home installations appear as limiting factors for the application of this technique, which motivated the technology proposed in the present invention, which describes a practical and cost-effective solution for the reuse of phosphorus and urea present in the urine. human
[016] Diferente das tecnologias disponíveis até o momento, o sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina consiste em uma peça única confeccionada em plástico a ser fixada dentro de mictórios e vasos sanitários por meio de ventosas em sua parte traseira. Inclui refil rosqueado exclusivo que contém material adsorvente capaz de capturar fósforo e ureia. Unlike technologies available so far, the urine nutrient capture system consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Includes exclusive threaded cartridge containing adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea.
[017] Alguns sistemas que são fixados em vasos sanitários não têm o propósito de adsorver nutrientes, mas sim de fixar produtos para desinfecção, odor e cor, propósito totalmente diferente do P4Trap proposto na presente invenção, que visa o reaproveitamento de fosfato e ureia presentes na urina diretamente em sanitários, facilitando o processo de obtenção desses nutrientes, possibilitando a sua utilização no processo de fabricação de fertilizantes. Dessa forma, os documentos encontrados no estado da técnica diferem da atual tecnologia proposta, que conta com um sistema prático, simples e de fácil instalação.  [017] Some systems that are attached to toilets are not intended to adsorb nutrients, but rather to fix products for disinfection, odor and color, a purpose entirely different from the P4Trap proposed in the present invention, which aims to reuse phosphate and urea present. in urine directly in toilets, facilitating the process of obtaining these nutrients, enabling their use in the fertilizer manufacturing process. Thus, the documents found in the state of the art differ from the current proposed technology, which has a practical, simple and easy installation system.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[018] FIGURA 1 - A Figura 1 representa a vista frontal do capturador P4Trap, onde é exibido o corpo (1 ), a cavidade superior (2), as perfurações (4) e o corpo cilíndrico interno (5). [019] FIGURA 2 " A Figura 2 apresenta a vista traseira do capturador P4Trap, onde são representadas as ventosas (6), a barreira de afunilamento (8), a região interna inferior (12) do corpo (1 ) e as perfurações (7). [018] FIGURE 1 - Figure 1 represents the front view of the P4Trap pickup showing the body (1), the upper cavity (2), the perforations (4) and the inner cylindrical body (5). [019] FIGURE 2 " Figure 2 shows the rear view of the P4Trap pickup showing the suction cups (6), the taper barrier (8), the lower inner region (12) of the body (1) and the perforations ( 7).
[020] FIGURA 3 - A Figura 3 apresenta a vista inferior do capturador P4Trap, onde são representadas as ventosas (6), o corpo (1 ) e o refil exclusivo (10). [020] FIGURE 3 - Figure 3 shows the bottom view of the P4Trap pickup, where the suction cups (6), the body (1) and the exclusive refill (10) are represented.
[021 ] FIGURA 4 - A Figura 4 apresenta a vista superior do capturador P4Trap, onde são representadas as ventosas (6), o corpo (1 ), o corpo cilíndrico interno (5) e a barreira de afunilamento (8). [021] FIGURE 4 - Figure 4 shows the top view of the P4Trap pickup, showing the suction cups (6), the body (1), the inner cylindrical body (5) and the taper barrier (8).
[022] FIGURA 5 - A Figura 5 representa o refil exclusivo (10) do capturador P4Trap, o qual contém o material capturador de nutrientes (9), as perfurações (3) e o rosqueamento (1 1 ).  [022] FIGURE 5 - Figure 5 depicts the unique refill (10) of the P4Trap trap, which contains the nutrient trapping material (9), the perforations (3) and the tapping (11).
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA TECNOLOGIA DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY
[023] A presente invenção descreve um sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, que visa à adsorção de fósforo e ureia. A urina humana contém nutrientes essenciais à agricultura, tais como Nitrogénio (N), Fósforo (P) e Potássio (K), considerados fertilizantes em potencial. De acordo com a tecnologia proposta, o capturador de nutrientes consiste em uma peça única confeccionada em plástico a ser fixada dentro de mictórios e vasos sanitários por meio de ventosas em sua parte traseira. Uma vez afixada, a peça será posicionada de forma estratégica, possibilitando assim a absorção dos elementos contidos no efluente. Para tal, o corpo inclui um refil rosqueado que contém material adsorvente capaz de capturar fósforo e ureia. O objeto da invenção destina-se ao reaproveitamento de fosfato e ureia presentes na urina diretamente em sanitários. A configuração adotada para o sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina permite afixar o sistema capturador de nutrientes em vasos sanitários e mictórios, através da inserção e retirada dos cartuchos de forma prática e simples.  [023] The present invention describes a urine nutrient trapping system for the adsorption of phosphorus and urea. Human urine contains nutrients essential for agriculture such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), considered as potential fertilizers. According to the proposed technology, the nutrient trap consists of a single piece made of plastic to be fixed inside urinals and toilets by means of suction cups on its back. Once affixed, the part will be strategically positioned, thus allowing the absorption of the elements contained in the effluent. To this end, the body includes a threaded cartridge that contains adsorbent material capable of capturing phosphorus and urea. The object of the invention is for the reuse of phosphate and urea present in urine directly in toilets. The configuration adopted for the urine nutrient capture system allows the nutrient capture system to be affixed to toilets and urinals by inserting and removing the cartridges in a practical and simple way.
[024] Mais especificamente, o capturador de nutrientes proposto compreende um sistema composto de um corpo moldado em plástico incluindo um sistema de afixamento por ventosas (6) na sua parte traseira, de forma a captar o efluente que, ao passar pela cavidade superior (2), encontra uma barreira de afunilamento (8), percorre o corpo cilíndrico interno (5) contendo o material capturador de nutrientes (9) responsável por adsorver fósforo e ureia, que são retidos em um refil exclusivo (10). More specifically, the proposed nutrient trap comprises a system composed of a plastic molded body including a suction cup affixing system (6) at its rear to capture the effluent which, as it passes through the upper cavity (2), encounters a taper barrier (8), traversing the inner cylindrical body (5) containing the nutrient trapping material (9) responsible for adsorbing phosphorus and urea, which are retained in an exclusive refill (10).
[025] O capturador de nutrientes é confeccionado em plásticos e seus derivados devido à facilidade de confecção, resistência às condições aplicadas e versatilidade. [025] Nutrient capture is made of plastics and their derivatives due to ease of manufacture, resistance to applied conditions and versatility.
[026] O corpo (1 ) moldado em plástico inclui também um sistema de afixamento por ventosas (6) na sua parte traseira, responsável por afixar o sistema capturador de nutrientes em vasos sanitários e mictórios. A inserção e retirada dos cartuchos é prática e simples.  [026] The molded plastic body (1) also includes a suction cup affixing system (6) at its rear, responsible for affixing the nutrient trapping system to toilets and urinals. Inserting and removing cartridges is practical and simple.
[027] Uma vez afixado o sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina fica em uma posição estratégica, de forma a captar o efluente, que passa pela cavidade superior (2) encontrando uma barreira de afunilamento (8). Ao entrar pelo corpo (1 ), o efluente (urina) percorre o corpo cilíndrico interno (5) contendo o material capturador de nutrientes (9), responsável por adsorver apenas os elementos úteis para a fabricação de fertilizantes, no caso, fósforo e ureia. Este material fica retido em um refil exclusivo (10) rosqueado (1 1 ) que contém perfurações (3) na sua parte inferior permitindo que o efluente saia ao terminar o contato com todo material capturador de nutrientes (9). Dessa forma, o efluente passa pela perfuração (7) no corpo interno (5), chegando à outra região interna inferior (12) ao corpo (1 ). A região interna inferior (12) é o local onde ficarão depositados possíveis materiais lixiviados pelo efluente ao passar pelo material capturador de nutrientes (9). Ao atingir o nível especificado o efluente sai pela perfuração (4) presente no corpo (1 ), completando assim o caminho a ser percorrido pela urina no interior do capturador de nutriente 4Trap_. [028] Vale ressaltar que o sistema de fixação é desenvolvido para obter um melhor desempenho ao ser atingindo pelos efluentes, conduzindo o líquido até o refil exclusivo (10) que conterá o material capturador dos nutrientes[027] Once affixed the urine nutrient trapping system is in a strategic position to capture the effluent that passes through the upper cavity (2) and encounters a tapering barrier (8). Upon entering the body (1), the effluent (urine) travels through the inner cylindrical body (5) containing the nutrient capturing material (9), responsible for adsorbing only the useful elements for the manufacture of fertilizers, in this case phosphorus and urea. . This material is retained in a unique threaded refill (10) (11) containing perforations (3) at its bottom allowing the effluent to exit upon termination of contact with all nutrient trapping material (9). Thus, the effluent passes through the perforation (7) in the internal body (5), reaching the other inferior internal region (12) to the body (1). The lower internal region (12) is the place where possible materials leached by the effluent will pass through the nutrient trapping material (9). Upon reaching the specified level the effluent exits through the perforation (4) present in the body (1), thus completing the path to be traveled by the urine inside the nutrient trap 4Trap_. [028] It is noteworthy that the fixation system is developed to obtain better performance when being reached by the effluents, leading the liquid to the exclusive refill (10) that will contain the nutrient capturing material.
O)-THE)-
[029] O refil exclusivo (10) é um corpo cilíndrico moldado em plástico, rosqueado em sua parte inferior para ser inserido e fixado ao corpo do sistema capturador de nutrientes. [029] The unique refill (10) is a cylindrical molded plastic body, threaded at its bottom to be inserted and secured to the body of the nutrient capturing system.
[030] O sistema proposto poderá apresentar o formato do próprio vaso, se encaixando de forma exata à curvatura da porcelana.  [030] The proposed system may have the shape of the vase itself, fitting exactly to the curvature of porcelain.
[031 ] O sistema proposto poder ser fixado tanto na parte traseira do interior do vaso como na parte frontal. [031] The proposed system can be fixed to both the rear interior of the vessel and the front.
[032] O caminho percorrido pela urina no interior do protótipo é devido à possibilidade de conter a lixiviação do material utilizado, fazendo com que o particulado que sai do material presente no refil fique retido no interior do protótipo podendo ser aproveitado posteriormente.  [032] The path taken by the urine inside the prototype is due to the possibility of containing the leaching of the material used, so that the particulate leaving the material present in the refill is retained within the prototype and can be used later.
[033] A presente invenção pode ser mais bem compreendida através do exemplo a seguir, não limitante da mesma.  [033] The present invention may be better understood by way of the following non-limiting example.
EXEMPLO 1 " Teste do protótipo do sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina EXAMPLE 1 " Urine Nutrient Capture System Prototype Test
[034] O protótipo foi submetido à ação do fluxo de urina no vaso para avaliar a eficiência da sua fixação e para determinar possíveis pontos de aglomeração no mesmo.  [034] The prototype was subjected to the action of urine flow in the vessel to evaluate its fixation efficiency and to determine possible agglomeration points in it.
[035] Com relação ao material usado como capturador de fósforo e ureia, o ideal é utilizar um material adsorvente, que retenha os nutrientes, especialmente fosfato e ureia, e que permita a passagem do fluxo de urina. O adsorvente de nutrientes testado nesse exemplo foi um material baseado em uma mistura de argila contendo cálcio na forma de partículas com diâmetros entre 2-e5 mm apresentando remoções da ordem de 80-90% de nutriente. Após receber entre 50-100 cargas de urina, o material particulado pode ser removido e o sistema capturador pode ser reutilizado com uma nova carga de material adsorvente. [035] With regard to the material used as a phosphorus and urea trap, the ideal is to use an adsorbent material that retains nutrients, especially phosphate and urea, and allows the flow of urine to pass through. The nutrient adsorbent tested in this example was a material based on a calcium-containing clay mixture in the form of particles with diameters between 2 and 5 mm having removals of the order of 80-90% nutrient. After receiving between 50-100 urine loads, the particulate matter can be removed and the capture system can be reused with a new load of adsorbent material.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES
1. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, caracterizada por compreender um corpo (1 ) cilíndrico, que capta o efluente que, ao passar pela cavidade superior (2), encontra uma barreira de afunilamento (8), percorre o corpo cilíndrico interno (5) contendo o material capturador de nutrientes (9) responsável por adsorver fósforo e ureia, que são retidos em um refil exclusivo (10) rosqueado (1 1 ), contendo perfurações (3) na sua parte inferior, que permitem ao efluente sair após terminar o contato com todo material capturador de nutrientes (9); com isso o efluente passa pela perfuração (7) no corpo interno (5), chegando à região interna inferior (12), onde ficarão depositados possíveis materiais lixiviados pelo efluente ao passar pelo material capturador de nutrientes (9) até que o nível do efluente seja atingido e este saia pela perfuração (4), completando assim o caminho a ser percorrido pela urina no interior do capturador de nutriente. 1. Urine nutrient trapping system, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical body (1) which captures the effluent which, when passing through the upper cavity (2), encounters a tapering barrier (8), which traverses the internal cylindrical body (5). ) containing the nutrient trapping material (9) responsible for adsorbing phosphorus and urea, which are retained in an exclusive threaded refill (10) (11), containing perforations (3) at its bottom, which allow the effluent to exit after finishing. the contact with all nutrient capturing material (9); thus the effluent passes through the perforation (7) in the inner body (5), reaching the lower internal region (12), where possible materials leached by the effluent will pass through the nutrient capturing material (9) until the effluent level is reached and exits through the perforation (4), thus completing the path to be traveled by the urine within the nutrient trap.
2. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por ser um corpo cilíndrico, moldado em plástico e/ou seus derivados.  Urine nutrient capture system according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is a cylindrical body, molded of plastic and / or its derivatives.
3. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado por incluir um sistema de afixamento por ventosas (6) na sua parte traseira, responsável por afixar o sistema capturador de nutrientes em vasos sanitários e mictórios.  Urine nutrient capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a suction cup affixing system (6) at its rear, responsible for affixing the nutrient capture system to toilets and urinals.
4. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo material capturador de nutrientes (9) compreender qualquer material adsorvente capaz de reter 100% dos nutrientes e permitir a passagem do fluxo de urina, preferencialmente rejeito lodo de fosfato da indústria automobilística.  Urine nutrient trapping system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the nutrient trapping material (9) comprises any adsorbent material capable of retaining 100% of the nutrients and allowing the flow of urine, preferably reject phosphate sludge. from the auto industry.
5. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, de acordo com as reivindicações 1 e 4, caracterizado pelo material capturador de nutrientes apresentar camadas ao longo do refil exclusivo (10), ou materiais inertes granulados. Urine nutrient trapping system according to claims 1 and 4, characterized by the nutrient trapping material have layers along the unique refill (10), or granular inert materials.
6. Sistema capturador de nutrientes de urina, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pela possibilidade de ser no formato do próprio vaso, se encaixando de forma exata à curvatura da porcelana.  Urine nutrient capturing system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the shape of the vessel itself, fitting exactly to the curvature of the porcelain.
PCT/IB2017/056663 2016-10-26 2017-10-26 System for recovering nutrients from urine WO2018078566A1 (en)

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CN104973919A (en) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-14 清华大学 Method of recycling nitrogen and phosphorus in urine to prepare slow-release fertilizer
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CN113023817A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-06-25 北京林业大学 Reactor, system and method for urine in-situ resource recovery
CN113023817B (en) * 2021-03-08 2022-06-24 北京林业大学 Reactor, system and method for urine in-situ resource recovery

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