WO2018072555A1 - 一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置 - Google Patents

一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018072555A1
WO2018072555A1 PCT/CN2017/098980 CN2017098980W WO2018072555A1 WO 2018072555 A1 WO2018072555 A1 WO 2018072555A1 CN 2017098980 W CN2017098980 W CN 2017098980W WO 2018072555 A1 WO2018072555 A1 WO 2018072555A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire rope
pile
power generation
photovoltaic power
sleeve
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/098980
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁慈鑫
丁树东
丁宁
丁垟
Original Assignee
丁慈鑫
丁树东
丁宁
丁垟
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Application filed by 丁慈鑫, 丁树东, 丁宁, 丁垟 filed Critical 丁慈鑫
Publication of WO2018072555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018072555A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/11—Driving means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation equipment, and in particular to a solar tracking device for photovoltaic power generation.
  • the solar tracking bracket is one of the fastest developing branching technical solutions, which promotes the increase of power generation.
  • the existing tracking bracket has the following disadvantages: complex structure, high cost, high failure rate and difficult maintenance. The ability to adapt to the environment is poor, the construction is difficult, the base volume is large, the land occupation is large, and the consumables are large. Therefore, the large-scale application of the tracking bracket presents a difficult situation, and the market share is much lower than that of the general fixed bracket.
  • the present invention proposes a solar tracking device for photovoltaic power generation.
  • the present invention solves the above problems by the following technical means:
  • a solar tracking device for photovoltaic power generation comprising: at least one tracking bracket, a wire rope, a winch, a gravity tension balancer, a wire rope clamping brake;
  • the tracking bracket comprises a pile, a sleeve, a steel wheel, and a photovoltaic module board fixing plate;
  • the part buried in the pile in the underground is called a pile, and the part above the ground is called a column;
  • the photovoltaic module board fixing plate comprises a horizontal beam, a diagonal beam, a horizontal main beam, a horizontal auxiliary beam and a main beam support, wherein the horizontal beam is overlapped with the inclined beam and intersects vertically and horizontally to form a grid-like grid structure.
  • the horizontal main beam is disposed in the middle of the grid structure, and the horizontal sub beams are disposed at both ends of the grid structure;
  • a photovoltaic module plate is fixed on the grid structure, the grid structure is fixed on the horizontal main beam, the horizontal main beam is fixed on the main beam support, and the main beam support is fixed on the Above the top of the casing, the sleeve is sleeved on the pile and supported by the pile, the sleeve is rotated around the axis of the pile, and the bottom of the sleeve is connected with the steel wheel, and the shaft axis of the sleeve is The center of the steel wheel coincides;
  • the wire rope is wound on the steel wheel not less than one turn, and a point on the steel wire rope is fixed on the steel wheel, the wound wire rope can not slide relative to the surface of the steel wheel, one end of the wire rope is wound on the hoist, and the hoist works to drive the wire rope The movement then drives the steel wheel to rotate;
  • a gravity tension balancer is arranged on the wire rope, and the gravity tension balancer keeps the wire rope between the wire rope or the hoist and the tracking bracket between the tracking brackets in a tension state;
  • the winch is provided with a wire rope clamping brake.
  • a pulley block is disposed between the hoist and the wire rope wound on the steel wheel.
  • the gravity tension balancer is provided with a wire rope clamping brake, and a wire rope clamping brake is arranged on the wire rope between the two tracking brackets;
  • the pile is made of steel pipe, and the inner cavity is filled with concrete; or the pile is made of a circular section of reinforced concrete material, and the pile is a solid section or a hollow section;
  • the steel wheel is composed of a wheel ring and a web support member, the wheel ring is made by bending a channel steel, and the wheel ring is internally provided with a web support member, and the web support member includes a truss and a string rod.
  • Encrypting support bar, oblique boom, node connecting plate, the truss is arranged in a cross shape, both ends of the truss are connected with the inner side of the wheel ring and connected to the outer side of the sleeve, the center of the cross coincides with the center of the wheel ring, the string rod
  • the two ends of the connecting rod are connected to the inner side of the wheel ring and the truss, and the two ends of the inclined rod are respectively connected with the outer side of the sleeve and the inner side of the wheel ring.
  • the solar tracking device for photovoltaic power generation further includes a high-position auxiliary beam support rod and a low-position auxiliary beam support rod, wherein the two high-end auxiliary beam support rods have at least two ends respectively and the lower side of the horizontal horizontal auxiliary beam and The inner side of the wheel ring of the steel wheel is connected; the two ends of the low-level auxiliary beam support rod are respectively connected with the lower side of the lower horizontal auxiliary beam and the inner side of the wheel of the steel wheel, and at least two high-level auxiliary beam supports The axis of the rod and the at least two lower sub-beam support rods are not parallel to the pile axis and the spaces do not intersect.
  • a top of the pile is fixed with a truncated cone body, and an inner cone ring matched with the truncated cone body is arranged in the sleeve above the truncated cone body, and the inner surface of the sleeve at the bottom of the sleeve inner cavity is outside the pile column
  • Two split bearing pads are provided in the gap between the surfaces.
  • the wire rope is connected in series with a plurality of tracking brackets, and when the path of the wire rope is closed, a gravity tension balancer is disposed between the two tracking brackets to keep the wire rope in a tension state, and the gravity tension balancer absorbs And the compensation wire rope elastic deformation and temperature deformation, when the wire rope is connected in series with a plurality of tracking brackets and when the path of the wire rope is not closed, two gravity tension balancers are arranged at both ends of the wire rope to keep the wire rope in a tension state.
  • At least one elevation converter is disposed between the two tracking brackets arranged on the sloped terrain.
  • the wire rope and the elevation converter form a gantry frame, and the gravity weight block is suspended on the wire rope by a pulley.
  • the solar tracking device for photovoltaic power generation is further provided with an inclination tracking adjustment mechanism, a triangular support type cow leg is arranged on the outer side of the upper part of the sleeve, and a push rod support is arranged on the triangular support type cattle leg, the push rod branch A manual push rod or an electric push rod is arranged between the seat and the grill structure, and both ends of the push rod are connected by a rotating hinge, and the angle between the plane of the grill structure and the ground is adjusted under the push of the push rod.
  • a mirror reflective plate is disposed at a lower edge of the entire planar surface of the photovoltaic module board.
  • the PV module board tracks the altitude angular movement of the sun to further increase the power generation
  • the transmission mechanism of the hoist drive wire rope and the steel wheel is adopted. Under the same cost condition, the torque value of the transmission can be several times higher than that of the traditional worm gear reduction mechanism, so the cost is low, the adaptability is strong, and the safety is high. Reliable, convenient construction and maintenance, high degree of industrial standardization, high cost performance of transmission torque value and cost, which is conducive to large-scale design and manufacture of single tracking brackets, further improving cost performance;
  • the auxiliary beam support rod is adopted, and the center line of the auxiliary beam support rod is not parallel or intersect with the pile axis, which generates a second path for transmitting torque and can transmit a large torque, resulting in casing torque.
  • the stress is small and the space rigidity of the grid structure is large, which is beneficial to tracking the large-scale design of the bracket and further reducing the cost;
  • the hoist and multiple tracking brackets can be arranged flexibly, the plane layout can be turned freely, and the elevation arrangement can adapt to the terrain change, especially for the land with irregular plane shape and uneven terrain, such as hillside hilly land.
  • the floor space is small, which can achieve the effect of less substantial land occupation, reduce the basic volume, reduce consumables, reduce construction difficulty, reduce project cost, and support.
  • the overall height can be designed to be high, especially when the steel wire rope and the steel wheel are higher than the ground, the height space required for the growth of the ground plants is maintained, and the effect of substantially occupying less land is achieved, which is convenient. Carrying out agricultural planting and breeding activities on the ground;
  • the pile is buried deep underground, it can be used as an alternative to the underground vertical grounding pole of the lightning protection net. Because the steel wire rope connects multiple supporting steel wheels in series, it can objectively replace part of the underground horizontal connection of the lightning protection net. In general, the on-site workload and project cost of the lightning protection network of the whole project can be reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a tracking bracket in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the tracking bracket in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a second combined structure of a pile and a casing in the second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a rear elevational view of the tracking bracket in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of the gravity tension balancer in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of the gravity tension balancer in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view showing the combined relationship of the hoist, the wire rope, the tracking bracket, and the gravity tension balancer in the first embodiment of the present invention when the wire rope path is closed;
  • Figure 9 is a plan view showing the combined relationship of the hoist, the wire rope, the tracking bracket, and the gravity tension balancer in the first embodiment of the present invention when the wire rope path is not closed;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the connection of the tracking bracket and the hoist according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a second gravity tension balancer according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a plan view showing the web support member of the steel wheel structure in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a plan view showing the layout of a diagonal boom in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a side elevational view of the steel wheel in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of a tracking bracket arranged in a gentle slope terrain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic view of a tracking bracket arranged in a steep slope terrain according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a left side view of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a left side elevational view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention without a mirror reflector
  • Figure 19 is a left side elevational view of the mirrored reflector of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a plan layout view showing a combination of a hoist, a pulley, and a fixed pulley in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tracking bracket 1 includes: a pile 16 , a sleeve 8 , a steel wheel 12 , and a photovoltaic module plate fixing plate;
  • the pile 16 is a circular cross-section member of a steel pipe or a reinforced concrete material, and may be a solid or hollow cross-sectional member.
  • the buried part is called a pile
  • the extended part is called a column, in order to save the material of the pile 16
  • the bottom of the pile 16 is welded with an anchor rib 161, and the concrete is embedded in the periphery of the underground part and filled with concrete 162.
  • the axis of the pile 16 is perpendicular to the ground.
  • the steel pipe is filled with concrete to greatly improve the bending, shearing and torsion resistance of the pile 16;
  • the photovoltaic module panel 2 is mounted on a horizontal beam 3 which is mounted on a diagonal beam 4 which is mounted on a horizontal main beam 5 and a horizontal sub beam 6, said horizontal main
  • the beam 5 is mounted on the main beam support 7,
  • the main beam support 7 is mounted on the top of the sleeve 8
  • the sleeve 8 is mounted on the inner cone ring 9, and the inner cone ring 9 is mounted on
  • the lower part of the inner cavity of the sleeve 8 a pair of split bearing pads 11 are disposed between the inner surface of the sleeve 81 and the outer surface of the pile 16;
  • the sleeve 8 includes a pipe body 81, a pipe top sealing plate 82, a pipe waist flange 83, a mounting lug 84, a pipe bottom method 85, a split circular flange 86, and the split circular flange 86 functions from the lower portion. Support the split bearing bush 11.
  • the horizontal main beam 5 is disposed near the two ends and the waist of the pipe body 81 with a main beam support rod 13 to reduce the cantilever length and the inner bending moment stress of the horizontal main beam 5; between the horizontal auxiliary beam 6 and the steel wheel 12 or With casing 8
  • the three key parts of the inner cone ring 9, the truncated cone body 10, and the split bearing bush 11 realize two radial positioning and one axial positioning of the sleeve 8, and can maintain vertical transmission under the rotating motion state. Load and horizontal loads.
  • the outer edge of the wheel ring 121 is a channel steel, the back side of the channel steel is oriented to the center of the circle and the opening is outward, and the wheel ring 121 is a ring member made of a curved steel groove.
  • the wheel ring 121 has a plurality of webs and webs. It is divided into three types, one of which is truss 122, which mainly plays the role of outward support and transmits torque.
  • the second is string pull rod 123, which mainly plays the role of encrypting support points and dispersing torque.
  • the third is encryption support.
  • the rod 124 mainly functions to encrypt the support point and disperse the torque, the wire rope 19 drags the wheel ring 121 to rotate, and the wheel ring 121 transmits torque to the sleeve 8 through the three kinds of webs, thereby dragging the sleeve 8 to perform a rotary motion,
  • the steel wheel 12 can be on the order of a few meters in radius, so that a large torque can be transmitted, and the effect of transmitting a large torque can be achieved due to the mechanical characteristics of the structure of the truss 122.
  • a plurality of gusset plates 125 are welded to the back surface of the wheel ring 121, and a plurality of mounting ears 84 are welded to the waist portion of the sleeve.
  • a diagonal sling 126 is mounted between the mounting ears 84 and the gusset plate 125.
  • the wheel ring 121, the truss 122, the inclined boom 126, and the sleeve 8 form a stable space structure.
  • the wire 22 of the drag tracking bracket 1 is applied to the wire rope from the side by the pulley 22 to absorb various deformations of the absorbing and compensating wire rope 19, and the wire rope 19 is kept normal. Mechanical movement, and keep the wire rope 19 against the hoist 17 to generate a certain reaction force to achieve the force The balance action, the counter force can reverse the rotation of the tracking bracket.
  • the one wire rope 19 is connected in series with a plurality of tracking brackets 1 one by one, and the wire rope is wound at least one turn on the steel wheel of the tracking bracket, and is fixed at point A, and the steel wire rope and the steel wheel cannot slide, and then
  • the series gravity tension balancer 18 is connected in series, and then the hoisting machine 17 is connected in series.
  • the wire ropes 19 are connected end to end to form a closed loop, and then the hoisting machine 17 rotates and drives the wire rope 19 to pull, and the plurality of tracking brackets 1 can be dragged to synchronously rotate to achieve tracking of the azimuth change of the sun.
  • the purpose of the morning sun is out of the horizon, the PV module board 2 faces the positive sun, then moves all the way to the sun azimuth until the evening sun falls to the horizon, then tracks the bracket 1 to make a quick turn, return to the morning position, enter the standby state, wait for the first
  • the sun rises in two days.
  • the maximum azimuth rotation of the tracking bracket on the summer solstice day is 240 degrees
  • the azimuth rotation angle of the tracking bracket on the spring and autumn wind days is 180 degrees
  • the azimuth rotation angle of the tracking bracket on the winter solstice day is 120 degrees.
  • two gravity tension balancers 18 are provided at both ends of the wire rope 19 to keep the wire rope 19 constantly tensioned. status.
  • a hoisting machine 17 is disposed between the two tracking brackets 1.
  • the hoisting machine 17 is fixed to the base 32.
  • Two anchors 31 are fixed on the base 32, on both sides of the reel 30 of the hoisting machine 17.
  • Each of the two fixed pulleys 21 is provided with a pulley 22, one end of the wire rope 19 is connected with the anchor fishing 31, the other end is wound around the pulley, the fixed pulley, and finally wound on the reel 30 of the hoisting machine 17,
  • the two pulleys 22 are respectively connected to the tracking bracket 1 on both sides of the hoisting machine 17 by the wire rope, and the reel 30 of the hoisting machine 17 is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, and the forward and reverse rotation of the tracking bracket 1 can be dragged to realize the tracking bracket 1
  • a small power hoist can be selected. Conducive to reducing electric power and current, reducing costs.
  • a second form of gravity tension balancer 18 is provided between the two tracking brackets 1, the gravity tension balancer 18 comprising a wire rope 19, an elevation converter 20, an elevation converter linkage 181, gravity block 182;
  • the elevation converter 20 is composed of a fixed pulley 21 mounted on the top of the concrete pile, the four elevation converters 20 are arranged in a straight line, and are connected by an elevation converter link 181, and the wire rope 19 is wound.
  • the over-pile set pulley 21 forms a gantry shape, and a weight 182 is hung on the wire rope between the two piles in the middle and the wire rope clamping brake 23 is attached to the part, which is beneficial to the design and construction of the photovoltaic power station.
  • the hoisting machine 17 itself has a brake or a transmission mechanism that can be self-locking, and is equivalent to a wire rope wire rope clamping brake 23
  • the wire rope clamping brake 23 and the hoisting machine 17 are interlocked with each other to switch the working state.
  • a plurality of tracking brackets 1 are dragged in series by a wire rope 19 between the hoisting machine 17 and the gravity tension balancer 18.
  • the wire ropes 19 can be bent at will, that is, the adjacent tracking brackets may not be in a straight line, which is for a photovoltaic power station.
  • the design and construction are of great benefit.
  • the choice of the plane shape of the block greatly reduces the constraints and can improve the land utilization.
  • a plurality of tracking brackets 1 are rotated in series by a wire rope 19 between the hoisting machine 17 and the gravity tension balancer 18.
  • the wire rope 19 can realize elevation conversion, that is, the plurality of tracking brackets 1 can not be at the same elevation. Horizontal surface.
  • an elevation converter 20 is arranged between the two tracking brackets 1, and a pile top of the converter contains two fixed pulleys, so that the purpose of the elevation transformation can be achieved.
  • the converter 20 has a fixed pulley on a pile top of the elevation converter, so that a large elevation difference can be realized.
  • the wire rope clamping brake 23 is mounted between any two tracking brackets 1 to resist the effects of high wind loads and to protect the safety of the whole system.
  • a steel wire rope 19 drives a plurality of tracking brackets 1 in series, which can adapt to the harsh landform and geomorphological conditions, and largely alleviates the sharp contradiction between investment and development of photovoltaic power plants and local land supply capacity.
  • the only difference from the implementation is that the combination of the pile 16 and the sleeve 8 has another form.
  • the vertical support force of the pile 16 to the sleeve 8 is not at the top of the pile 16, but The bottom of the sleeve 8.
  • a large flange 163 is welded to the waist of the pile 16 and the sleeve is inserted into the pile, the bottom surface of the sleeve 8 is seated on the surface of the supporting large flange 163, and the vertical support of the pile 16 to the sleeve 8 is formed, and the support is supported.
  • the upper surface of the large flange 163 and the bottom surface of the sleeve 8 and the tube bottom method 85 are sliding friction surfaces.
  • the lower radial positioning support is a split bearing bush 11
  • the upper radial positioning support is a circular sleeve 111, sleeve Below the barrel 111 there is a support small flange 164 welded to the pile 16 to support the spatial position of the sleeve 111.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 3 are the same in the technical theory, that is, both are radial support and one axial support, and the truncated cone body 10 of FIG. 3 is matched with the support of the inner cone ring 9, which is actually A radial support and an axially supported composite.
  • the two support modes of Fig. 4 and Fig. 3 are also the same in terms of the technical effects of use.
  • the support pattern of Figure 4 is more suitable for large track brackets with large areas.
  • connection manner between the inclined beam 4 and the horizontal main beam 5 is first changed to the connection manner of the hinge 24, and the inclined beam 4 can be wound around the axis of the hinge 24.
  • the support rod 15 is changed to a high-position adjustable support rod 141 and a low-position adjustable support rod 151 of a telescopic adjustable length, and the upper and lower adjustable rods 141 and the lower adjustable support rod 151 are hingedly connected on the sleeve 8
  • the triangular support type bullet 25 and the push rod support 29 are added, and finally the simple manual push rod 26 is provided, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module board 2 can be adjusted by the manual push rod 26, and the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module board 2 is adjusted every year according to the spring, summer, autumn and winter.
  • the only difference from the implementation three is that the manual push rod 26 is replaced with the electric push rod 27, and the azimuth change and the height angle change of the solar movement are continuously tracked in real time, and the photovoltaic module board 2 is kept perpendicular to the direct sunlight. It is possible to increase the annual power generation.
  • a specular reflector 28 is added to the lower edge of the plane of the solar photovoltaic module panel 2.
  • the specular reflector 28 forms an angle ⁇ with the photovoltaic module panel 2.
  • the specular reflector reflects the collected direct sunlight. Go to the solar photovoltaic module board to increase the annual power generation of the solar photovoltaic module board 2.
  • the light irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic module panel surface 2 can be increased by 16.2%, and the area ratio can be improved when the area ratio is 1:3.
  • the light irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic module board 2 is 21%, and the light irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic module board 2 can be increased by 30% when the area ratio is 1:2, and the light of the photovoltaic module board 2 can be improved when the area ratio is 1:1.
  • the irradiation intensity is 50%.
  • the components of the diagonal beam 4 are also changed accordingly, and the shape of the diagonal beam 4 is also changed to the L-shaped curved diagonal beam 41, and the material section should be enlarged, in order to enable the mirror reflection plate 28
  • the reflected light is totally and uniformly reflected onto the photovoltaic module panel 2, and the angle ⁇ between the specular reflector 28 and the solar photovoltaic module panel 2 is adapted, and the angle ⁇ can be determined by geometric analysis.

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Abstract

一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置。采用桩柱（16）与套管（8）式的结构组合，通过一个卷扬机（17）驱动钢丝绳（19）牵引多个无动力被动式的跟踪支架（1）旋转，跟踪太阳方位角变化；并可以设置倾角调节机构，使得光伏组件板（2）绕水平轴旋转，跟踪太阳高度角变化；在光伏组件板（2）面下缘设置镜面反光板（28），增强光伏组件板（2）面的集光能量；利用钢丝绳（19）的拐弯特性，跟踪支架（1）的平面布置和立面布置具有极大的灵活性，非常适应平面不规则的地块形状，非常适应场地不平整的土地条件；利用重力张紧平衡器（18）消纳与补偿钢丝绳（19）的各种变形，保持传动系统的稳定工作；该用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置性价比较高，适应支架大型化设计，适应复杂的工程条件能力较强。

Description

一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电设备领域，具体涉及一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置。
背景技术
自从2009年以来，我国启动大规模的光伏发电市场应用，期望通过连续多年的国家政策支持推动，促使光伏发电应用通过技术进步与规模化发展两条路径，最终达到平价上网，从而取代化石能源之目的,其中太阳能跟踪支架是发展较快的分支技术方案之一，对提高发电量起到了推动作用,但现有跟踪支架存在以下缺点：结构复杂、造价较高、故障率较高、维护困难、适应环境能力较差、施工困难、基础体量较大占地较多、耗材较多等，因此跟踪支架的大规模应用呈现较困难局面，市场占有率大大低于一般的固定支架。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为了解决现有技术中问题，本发明提出一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置。
本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述问题：
一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，包括：至少一个跟踪支架、钢丝绳、卷扬机、重力张紧平衡器、钢丝绳夹紧制动器；
所述跟踪支架包括桩柱、套管、钢轮、光伏组件板固定板；
所述桩柱中埋入地下的部分称为桩，伸出地面以上的部分称为柱；
所述光伏组件板固定板包括水平檩条、斜梁、水平主梁、水平副梁、主梁支座，所述水平檩条与斜梁叠合且纵横相交，组成网格状的格栅结构，所述水平主梁设置在格栅结构的中间，所述水平副梁设置在格栅结构的两端；
所述格栅结构之上固设有光伏组件板，格栅结构固设于水平主梁之上，所述水平主梁固设于主梁支座之上，所述主梁支座固设于套管顶部之上，所述套管套设在桩柱上且被桩柱支撑，套管绕桩柱轴心线旋转，所述套管底部与钢轮连接，所述套管轴心线与钢轮的圆心重合；
所述钢丝绳缠绕在钢轮上不少于一圈，并将钢丝绳上的一点固定在钢轮上，缠绕的钢丝绳相对于钢轮的表面不能滑动，钢丝绳的一端缠绕在卷扬机上，卷扬机工作带动钢丝绳移动进而带动钢轮旋转；
所述钢丝绳上设有重力张紧平衡器，重力张紧平衡器使跟踪支架之间的钢丝绳或卷扬机与跟踪支架之间钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态；
所述卷扬机设有钢丝绳夹紧制动器。
进一步的，所述卷扬机与缠绕在钢轮上的钢丝绳之间设置有滑轮组。
进一步的，所述重力张紧平衡器上设有钢丝绳夹紧制动器，在两个跟踪支架之间的钢丝绳上设置有钢丝绳夹紧制动器；
所述桩柱为钢管材质，其内腔灌注混凝土；或者桩柱为圆形截面的钢筋混凝土材质，桩柱为实心截面或空心截面；
所述钢轮由轮环、腹杆支撑构件组成，所述轮环由槽钢弯曲制作而成，所述轮环内部设置有腹杆支撑构件，所述腹杆支撑构件包括桁架、弦拉杆、加密支撑杆、斜吊杆、节点连接板，所述桁架布置成十字架形，桁架的两端与轮环内侧相连接并且和套管外侧相连接，十字架的中心与轮环的圆心重合，弦拉杆的两端与轮环内侧相连接，加密支撑杆两端与轮环内侧和桁架相连接，所述斜吊杆的两端分别与套管外侧和轮环内侧相连接。
进一步的，用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置还包括有高位副梁支撑杆、低位副梁支撑杆，所述高位副梁支撑杆至少有两根的两端分别与高位的水平副梁下侧和钢轮的轮环内侧相连接；所述低位副梁支撑杆至少有两根的两端分别与低位的水平副梁下侧和钢轮的轮环内侧相连接,至少有2根高位副梁支撑杆和至少有2根低位副梁支撑杆的轴心线与桩柱轴心线保持既不平行且空间不相交。
进一步的，所述桩柱的顶部固设有圆锥台体，所述圆锥台体上方在套管内设有与圆锥台体相配的内锥圆环，套管内腔底部的套管内表面与桩柱外表面之间的间隙中设有两个剖分轴瓦。
进一步的，所述钢丝绳在串联多个跟踪支架并且当钢丝绳的路径闭合时，在两个跟踪支架之间设置有一个重力张紧平衡器，保持钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态，重力张紧平衡器吸收与补偿钢丝绳弹性变形与温度变形，当钢丝绳在串联多个跟踪支架并且当钢丝绳的路径不闭合时，在钢丝绳的首尾两端设置两个重力张紧平衡器来保持钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态。
进一步的，在有坡度的地形上布置的两个跟踪支架之间设置有至少一个高程变换器。
进一步的，钢丝绳与高程变换器组成龙门架形式，重力配重块通过滑轮悬挂在钢丝绳上。
进一步的，用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置还设置有倾角跟踪调节机构，套管上部外侧设有三角撑式牛腿、在三角撑式牛腿上设置有推杆支座，所述推杆支座和格栅结构之间设置手动推杆或电动推杆，推杆两端均为转动铰链的连接方式，在推杆推动下调整格栅结构平面与地面的夹角角度。
进一步的，在光伏组件板整体平面的下缘设置有镜面反光板。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
1.在卷扬机拖动下，钢轮绕桩柱旋转，光伏组件板实时连续跟踪太阳的方 位角运动，提高发电量；
2.在推杆驱动下，光伏组件板跟踪太阳的高度角运动，进一步提高发电量；
3.在镜面反光板的作用下，实时增加光伏组件板面的光辐照强度，再进一步提高发电量；
4.采用了下桩柱及上套管式的机构构造简单可靠，桩柱不承受扭矩，因此内应力较小，桩柱可以大幅度减少消耗材料；
5.采用了卷扬机驱动钢丝绳再拖动钢轮的传动机构，在相同的造价条件下，其可传动的扭矩数值是传统蜗杆蜗轮减速机构的数倍以上，因此其造价低廉，适应性强，安全可靠，施工与维修方便，工业标准化程度较高，传动扭矩数值与造价费用的性价比高，有利于单个跟踪支架设计制造的大型化，进一步提高性价比；
6.采用了副梁支撑杆，副梁支撑杆的中心线与桩柱轴心线既不平行亦不相交，产生了传递扭矩的第二路径，且可以传递很大的扭矩，导致套管扭矩应力很小且格栅结构空间刚度较大，有利于跟踪支架的大型化设计，进一步降低成本；
7.利用钢丝绳可拐弯特性，卷扬机与多个跟踪支架可布置灵活，平面布置可以任意拐弯，高程布置可以适应地形变化，尤其适应于平面形状不规则且场地不平整的土地，如在山坡丘陵土地上开发建设光伏电站，大幅度提高土地利用率；
8.跟踪支架的基础部分，仅为一个柱状基础，占地面积较小，可以达到实质性占地较少的效果，也减少了基础体量，减少耗材，降低施工难度，降低工程造价，支架的总体高度可以设计的较高，尤其是钢丝绳和钢轮距离地面较高时，保持地面植物生长所需要的高度空间，达到实质性占地较少的效果，便于 地面进行农业种植和养殖活动；
9.由于桩柱埋入地下较深，客观上可以代替防雷地网的地下垂直接地极使用，由于钢丝绳将多个支架钢轮串联起来，客观上可以代替防雷地网的部分地下水平连接体，因此总体上可以降低全项目防雷地网的现场工作量及工程造价。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例一中跟踪支架的主视图；
图2是本发明实施例一中跟踪支架的左视图；
图3是图2的局部放大图；
图4是本发明实施例二中桩柱与套管的第二种结合构造形式示意图；
图5是本发明实施例一中的跟踪支架的后视图；
图6是本发明实施例一中重力张紧平衡器左视图；
图7是本发明实施例一中重力张紧平衡器前视图；
图8是本发明实施例一中的卷扬机、钢丝绳、跟踪支架、重力张紧平衡器在钢丝绳路径闭合时的组合关系平面图；
图9是本发明实施例一中的卷扬机、钢丝绳、跟踪支架、重力张紧平衡器在钢丝绳路径不闭合时的组合关系平面图；
图10是本发明实施例一的跟踪支架与卷扬机连接示意图；
图11是本发明实施例一的第二种重力张紧平衡器示意图；
图12是本发明实施例一中的钢轮结构的腹杆支撑构件平面示意图；
图13是本发明实施例一中的斜吊杆平面布置图；
图14是本发明实施例一中的钢轮的侧面图；
图15是本发明实施例一在缓坡地形中布置的跟踪支架的示意图；
图16是本发明实施例一在陡坡地形中布置的跟踪支架的示意图；
图17是本发明实施例三的左视图；
图18是本发明实施例四的不带镜面反光板的左视图；
图19是本发明实施例四的带镜面反光板的左视图；
图20是本发明实施一中卷扬机、滑车、定滑轮组合的平面布置图。
附图标记说明：
1、跟踪支架；2、光伏组件板；3、水平檩条；4、斜梁；41、曲尺斜梁；5、水平主梁；6、水平副梁；7、主梁支座；8、套管；81、管身；82、管顶封口板；83、管腰法兰；84、挂耳；85、管底方法兰；86、剖分圆法兰；9、内锥圆环；10、圆锥台体；11、剖分轴瓦；111、套筒；12、钢轮；121、轮环；122、桁架；123、弦拉杆；124、加密支撑杆；125、节点板；126、斜吊杆；13、主梁支撑杆；14、高位副梁支撑杆；141、高位可调节支撑杆；15、低位副梁支撑杆；151、低位可调节支撑杆；16、桩柱；161、锚筋；162、混凝土；163、支承大法兰；164、支承小法兰；17、卷扬机；18、重力张紧平衡器；181、高程变换器连杆；182、配重块；19、钢丝绳；20、高程变换器；21、定滑轮；22、滑车；23、钢丝绳夹紧制动器；24、铰链；25、三角撑式牛腿；26、手动推杆；27、电动推杆；28、镜面反射板；29、推杆支座；30、卷筒；31、锚固钓；32、基台。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面将结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。需要指出的是，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
如图1、2、3、5所示，所述跟踪支架1包括：桩柱16、套管8、钢轮12、光伏组件板固定板；
所述桩柱16为钢管或钢筋混凝土材质圆形截面构件，可为实心亦可为空心截面形状的构件，埋入地下部分称为桩，伸出部分称为柱，为了节约桩柱16的材料且为增强对地的锚固效果，桩柱16底部焊接有锚筋161，埋入地下部分周边用混凝土162灌注捣实。桩柱16轴心线与地面垂直正交。当桩柱16采用钢管材料时，钢管内灌注混凝土，以大幅度提高桩柱16的抗弯抗剪抗扭性能；
所述光伏组件板2安装于水平檩条3之上，所述水平檩条3安装于斜梁4之上，所述斜梁4安装于水平主梁5和水平副梁6之上，所述水平主梁5安装于主梁支座7之上，所述主梁支座7安装于套管8顶部，所述套管8安装于内锥圆环9之上，所述内锥圆环9安装于圆锥台体10之上并且两件之间可旋转滑动，所述圆锥台体10安装于桩柱16之上，所述桩柱16下部埋入地面之下；所述套管8内腔下部的套管81内表面与桩柱16外表面之间设置一副剖分轴瓦11；
所述套管8包括管身81、管顶封口板82、管腰法兰83、挂耳84、管底方法兰85、剖分圆法兰86,剖分圆法兰86的作用是从下部托住剖分轴瓦11。
所述水平主梁5靠近两端部与管身81腰部设置有主梁支撑杆13，以减少水平主梁5的悬臂长度和内弯矩应力；所述水平副梁6与钢轮12之间或与套管8 腰部之间设置有高位副梁支撑杆14和低位副梁支撑杆15，高位副梁支撑杆14至少3根，低位副梁支撑杆15至少3根，以增强格栅结构空间刚度并保持格栅结构的空间稳定性，所述高位副梁支撑杆14和低位副梁支撑杆15至少各有2根的中心线与桩柱16的轴心线既不平行且空间不相交，两中心线之间有较大的距离，可以传递较大的扭矩,这种支撑杆件建立了传递扭矩的第二路径。
所述内锥圆环9、圆锥台体10、剖分轴瓦11三个关键零件实现了对套管8的两处径向定位和一处轴向定位，并保持在旋转运动状态下可传递竖向荷载和水平荷载。
如图12所示，轮环121外缘为槽钢，槽钢背面向圆心且开口向外，轮环121是槽钢弯曲制作的圆环构件，轮环121内有众多的腹杆，腹杆分为三种类型，其一为桁架122，主要起到向外支撑的作用和传递扭矩的作用，其二为弦拉杆123，主要起到加密支撑点和分散扭矩的作用，其三为加密支撑杆124，主要起到加密支撑点和分散扭矩的作用，钢丝绳19拖动轮环121旋转，轮环121通过三种腹杆传递扭矩到套管8，从而拖动套管8做旋转运动，由于钢轮12可以做到半径达到数米的数量级，因此可以传递很大的扭矩，由于桁架122结构的力学特征可以实现传递较大扭矩的效果。
如图13所示，在轮环121的背面，焊接有多个节点板125，在套管的腰部也焊接有多个挂耳84，挂耳84与节点板125之间安装斜吊杆126，增强钢轮12整体空间刚度，保持轮环121构件的空间位置准确，结构稳定安全。
如图14所示，轮环121、桁架122、斜吊杆126、套管8形成了稳定的空间结构。
如图6、7所示，利用配重块182，使用滑车22对拖动跟踪支架1的钢丝绳从侧面施加外力，来消纳吸收与补偿钢丝绳19的各种变形，还要保持钢丝绳19能够正常的机械运动，并保持钢丝绳19对卷扬机17产生一定的反力以实现力 的平衡作用，反力可以反向拖动跟踪支架的旋转。
如图8所示，将所述一根钢丝绳19逐个串联多个跟踪支架1，钢丝绳在跟踪支架的钢轮上至少缠绕一圈，并在A点固定，钢丝绳与钢轮之间不能滑动，再串联重力张紧平衡器18，再串联卷扬机17，钢丝绳19首尾相接形成闭环，然后由卷扬机17旋转驱动钢丝绳19牵引，便可拖动若干个跟踪支架1统一同步旋转，达到跟踪太阳方位角变化的目的，清晨太阳出地平线，光伏组件板2面对正太阳，随后全日跟随太阳方位角移动，直至傍晚太阳落下地平线，随后跟踪支架1快速回转，回复到清晨的方位，进入待机状态，等待第二天太阳升起。在夏至日跟踪支架的方位角旋转最大角度为240度，在春风日和秋风日跟踪支架的方位角旋转角度为180度，在冬至日跟踪支架的方位角旋转角度为120度。如图9所示，当钢丝绳19在串联多个跟踪支架1并且当钢丝绳19的路径不闭合时，在钢丝绳19的首尾两端设置两个重力张紧平衡器18来保持钢丝绳19始终处于张紧状态。
如图10、20所示，在两个跟踪支架1之间设置卷扬机17，卷扬机17固设于基台32，基台32上固设有两锚固钓31，在卷扬机17的卷筒30两侧各设有一定滑轮21，两定滑轮21各配有一滑车22，钢丝绳19的一端与锚固钓31相接，另一端依次绕接于滑车、定滑轮，最后缠绕于卷扬机17的卷筒30上，两滑车22各通过钢丝绳与卷扬机17两侧的跟踪支架1相接，卷扬机17的卷筒30正向或反向旋转，便可拖动跟踪支架1的正向与反向旋转，实现跟踪支架1跟踪太阳方位角变化的目的，鉴于跟踪支架1旋转运动极其缓慢，为了延长卷扬机工作时间达到降低电机配置功率，通过合理配置滑车22和定滑轮21的钢丝绳条数，便可选用小功率的卷扬机，有利于降低电功率与电流，降低成本。
如图11所示，在两个跟踪支架1之间设置重力张紧平衡器18的第二种形式，所述重力张紧平衡器18包括钢丝绳19、高程变换器20、高程变换器连杆 181、重力块182；所述高程变换器20为在混凝土桩顶上安装定滑轮21组成，四根高程变换器20排在一条直线上，利用高程变换器连杆181连成一体，钢丝绳19绕过桩顶定滑轮21形成龙门状，在中间的两桩之间的钢丝绳上悬挂着一个配重块182并附着此部位安装钢丝绳夹紧制动器23，这对于光伏电站的设计建造大有好处，对于地块高程地形的选择大大减少了约束，可以提高土地利用率。在配重182重力作用下，保持张紧钢丝绳19且保持一定的内应力，可以吸收或补偿钢丝绳因为弹性、塑性、疲劳、蠕变、温差而产生的各种长度变形量，还可以消除各种冲击性的外来荷载。遇到8级及以上大风时，为了保护全装置系统安全，卷扬机17将停止工作，夹紧制动器23夹紧钢丝绳19，形成了卷扬机17和钢丝绳夹紧制动器23多处对钢丝绳19的制动作用，实现分段制动，降低钢丝绳19的应力极限，分散钢丝绳19对结构体的总体荷载效应，通常卷扬机17自身带有制动器或传动机构可以自锁，也相当于是一处钢丝绳钢丝绳夹紧制动器23，钢丝绳夹紧制动器23与卷扬机17实行电路互锁，互相切换工作状态。
在卷扬机17与重力张紧平衡器18之间的一根钢丝绳19串联拖动多个跟踪支架1，钢丝绳19可以任意拐弯，即相邻的跟踪支架可以不在一根直线上，这对于光伏电站的设计建造大有好处，对于地块平面形状的选择大大减少了约束，可以提高土地利用率。
如图15所示，在卷扬机17与重力张紧平衡器18之间的一根钢丝绳19串联拖动多个跟踪支架1旋转，钢丝绳19可以实现高程变换，即多个跟踪支架1可以不在同一高程水平面上。在缓坡地形条件下，两个跟踪支架1之间设置有一个高程变换器20，此变换器的一根桩顶含有两个定滑轮，即可实现高程变换的目的效果。
如图16所示，当遇到陡坡地形时，只要在两个跟踪支架1之间设置两个高 程变换器20，此高程变换器的一根桩顶只有一个定滑轮，即可实现大高程差的变换。
将钢丝绳夹紧制动器23安装在任意两个跟踪支架1之间，以抵抗大风荷载效应，保护全系统安全。
一根钢丝绳19串联驱动多个跟踪支架1的方案，可以适应苛刻的地块地形地貌条件，在很大程度上缓解了投资开发光伏电站与当地的土地供给能力的尖锐矛盾。
实施例二
如图4所示，与实施一唯一不同的是桩柱16与套管8的结合构造还有另外一种形式，桩柱16对套管8的竖向支撑力不在桩柱16顶部，而在套管8的底部。在桩柱16腰部焊接一个支承大法兰163，套管套入桩柱时，套管8底面正好坐落在支承大法兰163面上，形成了桩柱16对套管8的竖向支承作用，支承大法兰163的上表面与套管8和管底方法兰85的底面便是滑动摩擦面。而在套管8内腔，设置两个径向定位轴承实现径向定位支承，在下的径向定位支承为剖分式轴瓦11，在上的径向定位支承为一个圆形套筒111，套筒111下方有一个支承小法兰164焊接在桩柱16上，以支撑套筒111的空间位置。
图4与图3的支承方式在技术理论是相同的，即都是两处径向支承和一处轴向支承，图3的圆锥台体10配合内锥圆环9的支承件，实际上是一处径向支承与一处轴向支承的复合体。图4与图3的两种支承方式在使用的技术效果上也是相同的。图4的支承方式更加适用于超大面积的大型跟踪支架。
实施例三
如图17所示，在实施例一中跟踪支架的基础上，首先将斜梁4与水平主梁5之间的连接方式改为铰链24的连接方式，斜梁4可以绕铰链24的轴心旋转，将高位的水平副梁6与低位的水平副梁6之下的高位副梁支撑杆14或低位副梁 支撑杆15改为可伸缩调节长度的高位可调节支撑杆141和低位可调节支撑杆151，高位可调节支撑杆141和低位可调节支撑杆151上下两端均采用铰链连接，在套管8上增加三角撑式牛腿25和推杆支座29，最后设置简易的手动推杆26，即可利用手动推杆26调节光伏组件板2的倾角，每年按照春夏秋冬调节光伏组件板2的倾角，以提高电池组件板2全年度接收光辐照的能量。
实施例四
如图18所示，与实施三唯一不同的是将手动推杆26更换为电动推杆27，实时连续跟踪太阳移动的方位角变化和高度角变化，保持光伏组件板2与太阳直射光垂直正交，因此可以大幅度地提高年度发电量。
如图19所示，在太阳能光伏组件板2的平面下缘增加镜面反光板28，镜面反光板28与光伏组件板2之间形成一个θ夹角，镜面反光板将收集到的太阳直射光反射到太阳能光伏组件板上，以提高太阳能光伏组件板2的年度发电量。
根据光学空间几何分析，当镜面反射板28面积与光伏组件板2的面积比为1:4时可提高光伏组件板面2的光辐照强度16.2％，当面积比为1:3时可提高光伏组件板2的光辐照强度21％，当面积比为1:2时可提高光伏组件板2的光辐照强度30％，当面积比为1:1时可提高光伏组件板2的光辐照强度50％。
为了增加安装镜面反射板28，其斜梁4的构件也要相应作出变化，其斜梁4的形状亦改为L形的曲尺斜梁41，材料截面应加大，为了能够实现镜面反射板28的反射光全部且均匀的反射到光伏组件板2之上，其镜面反射板28与太阳能光伏组件板2之间的夹角角度θ要相适应，可由几何分析确定夹角角度θ。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和 改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：至少一个跟踪支架、钢丝绳、卷扬机、重力张紧平衡器、钢丝绳夹紧制动器；
    所述跟踪支架包括桩柱、套管、钢轮、光伏组件板固定板；
    所述桩柱中埋入地下的部分称为桩，伸出地面以上的部分称为柱；
    所述光伏组件板固定板包括水平檩条、斜梁、水平主梁、水平副梁、主梁支座，所述水平檩条与斜梁叠合且纵横相交，组成网格状的格栅结构，所述水平主梁设置在格栅结构的中间，所述水平副梁设置在格栅结构的两端；
    所述格栅结构之上固设有光伏组件板，格栅结构固设于水平主梁之上，所述水平主梁固设于主梁支座之上，所述主梁支座固设于套管顶部之上，所述套管套设在桩柱上被桩柱支撑，套管绕桩柱轴心线旋转，所述套管底部与钢轮连接，所述套管轴心线与钢轮的中心重合；
    所述钢丝绳缠绕在钢轮上不少于一圈，并将钢丝绳上的一点固定在钢轮上，缠绕的钢丝绳相对于钢轮的表面不能滑动，钢丝绳的一端缠绕在卷扬机上，卷扬机工作带动钢丝绳移动进而带动钢轮旋转；
    所述钢丝绳上设有重力张紧平衡器，重力张紧平衡器使跟踪支架之间的钢丝绳或卷扬机与跟踪支架之间钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态；
    所述卷扬机设有钢丝绳夹紧制动器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：所述卷扬机与缠绕在钢轮上的钢丝绳之间设置有滑轮组。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：所述重力张紧平衡器上设有钢丝绳夹紧制动器，在两个跟踪支架之间的钢丝绳上设置有钢丝绳夹紧制动器；
    所述桩柱为钢管材质，其内腔灌注混凝土；或者桩柱为圆形截面的钢筋混凝土材质，桩柱为实心截面或空心截面；
    所述钢轮由轮环、腹杆支撑构件组成，所述轮环由槽钢弯曲制作而成，所述轮环内部设置有腹杆支撑构件，所述腹杆支撑构件包括桁架、弦拉杆、加密支撑杆、斜吊杆、节点连接板，所述桁架布置成十字架形，桁架的两端与轮环内侧相连接并且和套管外侧相连接，十字架的中心与轮环的圆心重合，弦拉杆的两端与轮环内侧相连接，加密支撑杆两端与轮环内侧和桁架侧相连接，所述斜吊杆的两端分别与套管外侧和轮环内侧相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置还包括有高位副梁支撑杆、低位副梁支撑杆，所述高位副梁支撑杆至少有两根的两端分别与高位的水平副梁下侧和钢轮的轮环内侧相连接；所述低位副梁支撑杆至少有两根的两端分别与低位的水平副梁下侧和钢轮的轮环内侧相连接,至少有2根高位副梁支撑杆和至少有2根低位副梁支撑杆的轴心线与桩柱轴心线保持既不平行且空间不相交。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：所述桩柱的顶部固设有圆锥台体，所述圆锥台体上方在套管内设有与圆锥台体相配的内锥圆环，套管内腔底部的套管内表面与桩柱外表面之间的间隙中设有两个剖分轴瓦。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：所述钢丝绳在串联多个跟踪支架并且当钢丝绳的路径闭合时，在两个跟踪支架之间设置有一个重力张紧平衡器，保持钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态，重力张紧平衡器吸收与补偿钢丝绳弹性变形与温度变形，当钢丝绳在串联多个跟踪支架并 且当钢丝绳的路径不闭合时，在钢丝绳的首尾两端设置两个重力张紧平衡器来保持钢丝绳始终处于张紧状态。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：在有坡度的地形上布置的两个跟踪支架之间设置有至少一个高程变换器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：钢丝绳与高程变换器组成龙门架形式，重力配重块通过滑轮悬挂在钢丝绳上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置还设置有倾角跟踪调节机构，套管上部外侧设有三角撑式牛腿、在三角撑式牛腿上设置有推杆支座，所述推杆支座和格栅结构之间设置手动推杆或电动推杆，推杆两端均为转动铰链的连接方式，在推杆推动下调整格栅结构平面与地面的夹角角度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的用于光伏发电的太阳跟踪装置，其特征在于：在光伏组件板整体平面的下缘设置有镜面反光板。
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