WO2018072256A1 - 一种自取能的rfid传感标签 - Google Patents

一种自取能的rfid传感标签 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018072256A1
WO2018072256A1 PCT/CN2016/106910 CN2016106910W WO2018072256A1 WO 2018072256 A1 WO2018072256 A1 WO 2018072256A1 CN 2016106910 W CN2016106910 W CN 2016106910W WO 2018072256 A1 WO2018072256 A1 WO 2018072256A1
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module
energy
antenna
sensor
radio frequency
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PCT/CN2016/106910
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French (fr)
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何怡刚
史露强
罗旗舞
吴裕庭
施天成
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合肥工业大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0707—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation
    • G06K19/0708—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation the source being electromagnetic or magnetic
    • G06K19/0709—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation the source being electromagnetic or magnetic the source being an interrogation field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0717—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies and sensor technologies, and in particular, to a self-capacitance RFID sensor tag, which can realize energy capture of an interrogation signal, and the captured energy is used to supply power to the RFID sensor tag.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification Devices
  • Traditional RFID has only the identification function, and is used for cargo management in the logistics industry and large supermarkets.
  • the integration of sensors into RFID tags to form RFID sensor tags has become a trend.
  • the power consumption of RFID tags must increase, and the problem of energy supply for RFID sensor tags has become a major concern of researchers.
  • the application number is 201510555660.0, and the publication number is 105389611A.
  • the passive RFID sensor tag has invented a passive RFID sensor tag, but the passive RFID sensor tag has a signal transmission distance of only a few meters.
  • the application number is 201110241979.8, and the publication number is 102949182A.
  • the ultra-high frequency active RFID body temperature sensor tag has invented an active RFID temperature sensor tag, which is powered by a button battery, but the tag life is short due to limited battery energy.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art and provide an RFID sensing tag capable of self-capacitance.
  • the invention has the characteristics of long signal transmission distance, large data stream capacity and long service life.
  • a self-capacitance RFID sensor tag comprising a radio frequency energy capture and management module, a sensor module, an MCU module, a radio frequency chip and an antenna module; the RF energy capture and management module is used to obtain an interrogation signal The energy is supplied to the RFID sensor tag and the excess energy is stored; the sensor module, the MCU module and the RF chip are connected to the RF energy capture and management module, and the RF energy capture and management module simultaneously provides the sensor module, the MCU module and the RF The chip is powered; the sensor module is used to sense environmental information in real time, and transmits real-time environmental information to the MCU module; the MCU module is used to receive real-time environmental information transmitted by the sensor module and transmit it to the radio frequency chip; the radio frequency chip is used for real-time environment The information is modulated and encrypted.
  • the external command is transmitted to the MCU module through the RF chip, and the MCU module configures or modifies the sensor parameters according to the specific requirements of
  • the antenna module includes an energy harvesting antenna and a radio frequency antenna.
  • the energy harvesting antenna is coupled to the RF energy capture and management module for interrogating the receipt of signal energy.
  • the radio frequency antenna is connected to the radio frequency chip and is used for wirelessly transmitting real-time environmental information modulated and encrypted by the radio frequency chip.
  • the RF energy capture and management module includes a matching circuit, a rectifier circuit, a storage capacitor, a DC-DC voltage pump, and an LDO regulator.
  • the matching circuit, the rectifying circuit, the DC-DC voltage pump and the LDO regulator are sequentially connected, and the storage capacitor is connected to the DC-DC voltage pump.
  • the matching circuit is used to adjust the impedance of the RFID sensing tag to match the impedance of the RFID sensing tag to the impedance of the energy harvesting antenna.
  • the rectifier circuit adjusts the captured energy to DC power.
  • the storage capacitor is used to store excess capture energy. When the capture energy cannot meet the energy requirement of the RFID sensor tag, the energy in the storage capacitor supplies power to the RFID sensor tag.
  • the DC-DC voltage pump is used to adjust the voltage of the rectified DC power to the voltage required by the sensor module, the MCU module, and the RF chip.
  • the LDO regulator is used to voltage the output of the DC-DC voltage pump to provide stable power for the sensor module, the MCU module, and the RF chip.
  • the sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a light sensor, and a vibration sensor for sensing environmental information in real time.
  • the temperature sensor is used to sense temperature information and transmit the temperature information to the MCU module.
  • the light sensor is configured to sense illumination information and transmit the illumination information to the MCU module.
  • the shock sensor is configured to sense vibration information and transmit the vibration information to the MCU module.
  • the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the invention has the advantages of low power consumption, long life, large data stream capacity and long information transmission distance.
  • the invention can realize the self-capacitance of the RFID sensor tag, and the RF energy capture and management module U1 captures and collects the energy in the reader interrogation signal to supply power to the RFID sensor tag.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module of an RFID sensor tag of the self-capacitance of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an RF energy capture and management module of the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sensor module of the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the self-acquisition RFID sensor tag of the present invention comprises a radio frequency energy capture and management module U1, a sensor module U2, an MCU module U3, a radio frequency chip U4, and an antenna module U5.
  • the antenna module U5 of the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the present invention includes an energy-capturing antenna U51 and a radio frequency antenna U52.
  • the RF energy capture and management module U1 is coupled to the energy harvesting antenna U51 of the antenna module U5 to obtain energy from the reader interrogation signal.
  • the sensor module U2, the MCU module U3 and the radio frequency chip U4 are both connected to the RF energy capture and management module U1, and the RF energy capture and management module U1 is provided to the sensor module U2, the MCU module U3 and The radio frequency chip U4 is powered.
  • the sensor module U2 is connected to the MCU module U3, and the sensor module is used to sense environmental information in real time and transmit real-time environmental information to the MCU module U3.
  • the MCU module U3 is connected to the radio frequency chip U4, and the MCU module is configured to receive the real-time environment information transmitted by the sensor module U2, and transmit it to the radio frequency chip U4 for modulation and encryption processing.
  • the radio frequency chip U4 is connected to the radio frequency antenna U52 in the antenna module U5, and the modulated and encrypted real-time environmental information is wirelessly transmitted to the external device reader through the radio frequency antenna U52.
  • the RF energy capture and management module U1 of the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the present invention includes a matching circuit U11, a rectifier circuit U12, a storage capacitor U13, a DC-DC voltage pump U14, and an LDO regulator U15.
  • the matching circuit U11, the rectifying circuit U12, the DC-DC voltage pump U14 and the LDO regulator U15 are sequentially connected, and the storage capacitor U13 is connected to the DC-DC voltage pump U14.
  • the matching circuit U11 is used to adjust the impedance of the RFID sensing tag so that the impedance of the RFID sensing tag matches the impedance of the capturing antenna U51.
  • the rectifier circuit U12 adjusts the captured energy to DC power.
  • the storage capacitor U13 is used to store excess captured energy.
  • the DC-DC voltage pump U14 is used to adjust the voltage of the rectified DC power to the voltage required by the sensor module U2, the MCU module U3, and the RF chip U4.
  • the LDO regulator U15 is used to voltage the output of the DC-DC voltage pump U14 to provide stable power for the sensor module U2, the MCU module U3 and the radio frequency chip U4.
  • the sensor module U2 of the self-capaciting RFID sensor tag of the present invention includes a temperature sensor U21, a humidity sensor U22, and a shock sensor U23.
  • the temperature sensor U21 is used for sensing temperature information without loss of generality.
  • the temperature sensor uses a LM94021 temperature sensor chip and is connected to the MCU module U3 through a GPIO port.
  • the optical sensor U22 is used for sensing illumination information without loss of generality.
  • the optical sensor uses a MAX44009 optical sensor chip and is connected to the MCU module U3 through an I 2 C bus.
  • the vibration sensor U23 is used for sensing the vibration condition of the RFID sensor tag without loss of generality.
  • the vibration sensor adopts a three-axis acceleration sensor ADXL346 chip, and is connected to the MCU module U3 through an I 2 C bus.
  • the self-powered RFID sensor tag of the present invention has the characteristics of low power consumption.
  • the present invention employs a low power MCU.
  • the present invention employs ST's STM8L151C8 chip. After the actual measurement, the current consumption of the MCU chip in the active mode is only 29 ⁇ A, and the current consumption in the sleep mode is only 0.4 ⁇ A.
  • the sensor used in the present invention is a low power sensor. Without loss of generality, the temperature sensor LM94021 is taken as an example, and its operating current is as low as 9 ⁇ A.
  • the invention uses a low power radio frequency chip. Without loss of generality, the present invention uses Impinj's Monza X-2K RFID radio frequency chip, which has an operating current of 200 ⁇ A and a sleep current as low as 3 ⁇ A.
  • the self-capacitance RFID sensor tag of the present invention has the characteristics of long life. Because the RF energy capture and management module takes RF energy from the interrogation command and stores the excess energy into the storage capacitor. There is no battery life limit and in principle it can work all the time.
  • the self-receiving RFID sensor tag of the invention has the characteristics of long information transmission distance, because the RF energy capture and management module can provide stable energy to the RFID sensor tag, and the tag has low power consumption characteristics, so the information transmission distance Compared with ordinary passive RFID tags, there is a big improvement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种自取能的RFID传感标签，包括射频能量捕获和管理模块、传感器模块、MCU模块、射频芯片和天线模块；射频能量捕获和管理模块与天线模块的捕能天线相连，从阅读器询问信号中获取能量；传感器模块用于感知实时环境信息，并传输给MCU模块；MCU模块接收传送的实时环境信息并传输给射频芯片；射频芯片对实时环境信息进行调制、加密处理；射频芯片与天线模块的射频天线相连，将实时环境信息通过射频天线无线传输给阅读器。本发明可以实现RFID传感标签的自取能，射频能量捕获和管理模块将阅读器询问信号中的能量捕获和收集起来，对RFID传感标签供电。本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签具有功耗低、寿命长和信息传输距离远的特点。

Description

一种自取能的RFID传感标签 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术和传感器技术领域，具体是涉及一种自取能的RFID传感标签，可以实现对询问信号的能量捕获，将捕获的能量用来给RFID传感标签供电。
背景技术
传统的射频识别技术(RFID，Radio Frequency Identification Devices)只具有标识功能，多用于物流行业和大型超市中的货物管理。随着低功耗传感器技术的发展，将传感器融合到RFID标签中组成RFID传感器标签成为一种发展趋势。但是增加了传感器，RFID标签的功耗必然有所增加，RFID传感器标签的供能问题，成为研究人员重点关注的问题。
申请号为201510555660.0，公开号为105389611A《被动RFID传感器标签》发明了一种无源的RFID传感器标签，但是无源的RFID传感器标签信号传输距离近，只能达到几米。申请号为201110241979.8，公开号为102949182A《超高频主动式RFID体温传感标签》发明了一种有源的RFID温度传感器标签，采用纽扣电池供电，但是由于电池能量有限，标签寿命较短。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是，克服上述背景技术的不足，提供一种可以自取能的RFID传感标签，本发明具有信号传输距离远、数据流容量大、寿命长的特点。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是；
一种自取能的RFID传感标签，包括射频能量捕获和管理模块、传感器模块、MCU模块、射频芯片和天线模块；射频能量捕获和管理模块用于从询问信号中获 取能量给RFID传感标签供电，并将多余的能量存储起来；传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片均与射频能量捕获和管理模块相连，射频能量捕获和管理模块同时给传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片供电；传感器模块用于实时感知环境信息，并将实时环境信息传输给MCU模块；MCU模块用于接收传感器模块传送的实时环境信息，并将其传输给射频芯片；射频芯片用于对实时环境信息进行调制、加密处理。当有外部命令需要对传感器模块中相关传感器参数进行配置或修改时，外部命令通过射频芯片传送到MCU模块中，MCU模块根据命令的具体要求对传感器参数进行配置或修改。
进一步，所述天线模块包含捕能天线和射频天线。
所述捕能天线与射频能量捕获和管理模块相连，用于询问信号能量的接收。
所述射频天线与射频芯片相连，用来无线发射被射频芯片调制和加密后的实时环境信息。
进一步，所述射频能量捕获和管理模块包括匹配电路、整流电路、储能电容、DC-DC电压泵和LDO稳压器。匹配电路、整流电路、DC-DC电压泵和LDO稳压器依次相连，储能电容与DC-DC电压泵相连。
所述匹配电路用于调整RFID传感标签阻抗，使RFID传感标签阻抗与捕能天线的阻抗相匹配。
所述整流电路将捕获的能量调整为直流电能。
所述储能电容用于储存多余的捕获能量，当捕获能量无法满足RFID传感标签的能量需求时，储能电容中的电能给RFID传感标签供电。
所述DC-DC电压泵用于将整流后的直流电能的电压调整为传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片需要的电压。
所述LDO稳压器用于将DC-DC电压泵输出的电压进行稳压处理，为传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片提供稳定的电能。
进一步，所述传感器模块包含温度传感器、光传感器和震动传感器，用于实时感知环境信息。
所述温度传感器用于感知温度信息，并将温度信息传输给MCU模块。
所述光传感器用于感知光照信息，并将光照信息传输给MCU模块。
所述震动传感器用于感知震动信息，并将震动信息传输给MCU模块。
本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签具有功耗低、寿命长、数据流容量大和信息传输距离远的优点。本发明可以实现RFID传感标签的自取能，射频能量捕获和管理模块U1将阅读器询问信号中的能量捕获和收集起来，对RFID传感标签供电。
附图说明
图1为本发明自取能的RFID传感标签的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示实施例自取能的RFID传感标签的天线模块的结构示意图；
图3为图1所示实施例自取能的RFID传感标签的射频能量捕获和管理模块的结构示意图；
图4为图1所示实施例自取能的RFID传感标签的传感器模块的结构示意图.
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参照图1，本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签包括射频能量捕获和管理模块U1、传感器模块U2、MCU模块U3、射频芯片U4和天线模块U5。
参照图2，本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签的天线模块U5包括捕能天线U51和射频天线U52。
所述射频能量捕获和管理模块U1与天线模块U5中的捕能天线U51相连，从阅读器询问信号中获取能量。
所述传感器模块U2、MCU模块U3和射频芯片U4均与射频能量捕获和管理模块U1相连，同时射频能量捕获和管理模块U1给传感器模块U2、MCU模块U3和 射频芯片U4供电。
所述传感器模块U2与MCU模块U3相连，传感器模块用于实时感知环境信息，并将实时环境信息传输给MCU模块U3。
所述MCU模块U3与射频芯片U4相连，MCU模块用于接收传感器模块U2传送的实时环境信息，并传输给射频芯片U4进行调制、加密处理。
射频芯片U4与天线模块U5中的射频天线U52相连，将已调制和加密的实时环境信息通过射频天线U52无线传输给外部设备阅读器。
参照图3，本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签的射频能量捕获和管理模块U1包括匹配电路U11、整流电路U12、储能电容U13、DC-DC电压泵U14和LDO稳压器U15。匹配电路U11、整流电路U12、DC-DC电压泵U14和LDO稳压器U15依次相连，储能电容U13与DC-DC电压泵U14相连。
所述匹配电路U11用于调整RFID传感标签阻抗，使RFID传感标签阻抗与捕能天线U51的阻抗相匹配。
所述整流电路U12将捕获的能量调整为直流电能。
所述储能电容U13用于储存多余的被捕获能量。
DC-DC电压泵U14用于将整流后的直流电能的电压调整为传感器模块U2、MCU模块U3和射频芯片U4需要的电压。
LDO稳压器U15用于将DC-DC电压泵U14输出的电压进行稳压处理，为传感器模块U2、MCU模块U3和射频芯片U4提供稳定的电能。
参照图4，本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签的传感器模块U2包括温度传感器U21、湿度传感器U22和震动传感器U23。
所述温度传感器U21用于感知温度信息，不失一般性的，本发明中温度传感器采用LM94021温度传感器芯片，通过GPIO口与MCU模块U3相连。
所述光传感器U22用于感知光照信息，不失一般性的，本发明中光传感器采用MAX44009光传感器芯片，通过I2C总线与MCU模块U3相连。
所述震动传感器U23用于感知RFID传感标签的震动情况，不失一般性的，本发明中震动传感器采用三轴加速度传感器ADXL346芯片，通过I2C总线与MCU模块U3相连。
本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签具有低功耗的特点。为达到所述低功耗的 目标，本发明采用的是低功耗的MCU。不是一般性地，本发明采用ST公司的STM8L151C8芯片。经过实测，该MCU芯片在激活模式下的电流消耗最低只有29μA，在睡眠模式下的电流消耗最低只有0.4μA。
本发明采用的传感器为低功耗传感器。不失一般性地，以温度传感器LM94021为例，其工作电流低至9μA。
本发明采用低功耗的射频芯片。不失一般性地，本发明采用Impinj公司的Monza X-2K RFID射频芯片，经过实测，其工作电流为200μA，睡眠电流低至3μA。
本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签具有寿命长的特点。因为射频能量捕获和管理模块从询问命令中获取射频能量，并将多余的能量存储到储能电容中。没有电池寿命的限制，原理上可以一直工作。
本发明之自取能的RFID传感标签具有信息传输距离远的特点，因为射频能量捕获和管理模块可以给RFID传感器标签提供稳定的能量，同时标签又具有低功耗的特点，所以信息传输距离相较于普通的无源RFID标签有很大的提高。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种自取能的RFID传感标签，其特征在于，包括射频能量捕获和管理模块、传感器模块、MCU模块、射频芯片和天线模块；
    所述射频能量捕获和管理模块用于从询问信号中获取能量给RFID传感标签供电，并将多余的能量存储起来；
    所述传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片均与射频能量捕获和管理模块相连，射频能量捕获和管理模块同时给传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片供电；
    所述传感器模块用于实时感知环境信息，并将实时环境信息传输给MCU模块；
    所述MCU模块用于接收传感器模块传送的实时环境信息，并将其传输给射频芯片；
    所述射频芯片用于对实时环境信息进行调制、加密处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自取能的RFID传感标签，其特征在于，所述天线模块包含捕能天线和射频天线；
    所述捕能天线与射频能量捕获和管理模块相连，用于询问信号能量的接收；
    所述射频天线与射频芯片相连，用来无线发射被射频芯片调制和加密后的实时环境信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的自取能的RFID传感标签，其特征在于，所述射频能量捕获和管理模块包括匹配电路、整流电路、储能电容、DC-DC电压泵和LDO稳压器；
    所述匹配电路用于调整RFID传感标签阻抗，使RFID传感标签阻抗与捕能天线的阻抗相匹配；匹配电路、整流电路、DC-DC电压泵和LDO稳压器依次相连，储能电容与DC-DC电压泵相连；
    所述整流电路将捕获的能量调整为直流电能；
    所述储能电容用于储存多余的捕获能量，当捕获能量较弱，无法满足RFID传感标签的能量需求时，储能电容中的电能给RFID传感标签供电；
    所述DC-DC电压泵用于将整流后的直流电能的电压调整为传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片需要的电压；
    所述LDO稳压器用于将DC-DC电压泵输出的电压进行稳压处理，为传感器模块、MCU模块和射频芯片提供稳定的电能。
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