WO2018072226A1 - 一种正排量型多相流质量流量计 - Google Patents

一种正排量型多相流质量流量计 Download PDF

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WO2018072226A1
WO2018072226A1 PCT/CN2016/103630 CN2016103630W WO2018072226A1 WO 2018072226 A1 WO2018072226 A1 WO 2018072226A1 CN 2016103630 W CN2016103630 W CN 2016103630W WO 2018072226 A1 WO2018072226 A1 WO 2018072226A1
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mass
gas
phase
liquid
switching valve
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French (fr)
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陈继革
徐斌
吴治永
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无锡洋湃科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/08—Air or gas separators in combination with liquid meters; Liquid separators in combination with gas-meters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • the invention belongs to the field of multiphase flow mass flow metering.
  • the present invention relates to a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter and a method of measuring the respective mass flow rates of oil, gas, and water in a multiphase flow using the flowmeter.
  • the oil and gas well product contains both liquid crude oil and water, and gas-liquid mixed fluid of gas phase natural gas, which is called multiphase flow in the industry.
  • the gas phase comprises, for example, natural gas produced by an oil and gas well or any gas that does not condense at normal temperature, specifically such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.
  • the liquid phase may include: an oil phase, such as crude oil itself and Liquid additives dissolved in crude oil during crude oil production, as well as aqueous phases such as formation water, water injected into oil and gas wells during production, and other liquid additives dissolved in the aqueous phase.
  • Venturi flowmeter + gamma ray method which uses a venturi to measure the total flow of the multiphase flow and uses gamma.
  • the ray detector measures the respective phase fractions of the gas-liquid two phases, and then multiplies the total flow rate by the respective phase fractions of the gas-liquid two phases to obtain the respective flow rates of the gas-liquid two phases.
  • Venturi is a momentum type flowmeter
  • such a multiphase flowmeter tends to have a lower flow limit and cannot measure a lower output oil and gas well, especially for intermittent intermittent multiphase flow. It is completely unsuitable and it is impossible to accurately measure the flow rate of intermittent multiphase flow.
  • Oilfield users are more likely to obtain mass flow rates for oil, gas, and water phases in multiphase flows, and also desire to have metering equipment and methods that differ from batch-type multiphase flows based on venturi multiphase flowmeter range ratios.
  • the invention provides a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flow meter comprising the following components: a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter 1 located on a multiphase flow delivery line 2;
  • the multi-phase flow conveying main line is divided into two branch lines through it;
  • each differential pressure sensor has a pressure port located at the bottom of the container, each measuring container top a gas outlet line 7 having a discharge outlet line 8 and a discharge switching valve 9 at the bottom; the gas outlet line and the discharge outlet line are in a measuring container for foreign exchange synthesis multiphase flow conveying main line;
  • the split switching valve 3 or the discharge switching valve 9 has a counter for counting the number of times the measuring container is emptied of liquid.
  • the gamma ray mass phase fraction meter comprises a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver arranged in such a way that the gamma ray emitted by the gamma ray emitter passes through the diameter direction of the multiphase flow conveying main line
  • the gamma ray receiver is reached, and the source in the gamma ray emitter is a dual energy source or a pluripotent source such as ⁇ -133/Ba-133.
  • the differential pressure sensors in the two parallel multi-phase flow mass measuring containers are arranged in exactly the same way.
  • the gas-liquid separator 5 is a gas-liquid collision separation device. It is of course also possible to use other types of gas-liquid separation devices, such as gas-liquid cyclones or the like.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for measuring a respective flow rate of three phases of oil, gas and water in a multiphase flow, which uses the positive displacement multiphase flow mass flow meter of the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising The following steps:
  • the multiphase flow can only travel along a branch line at a time, and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase by a gas-liquid separator, and the liquid phase falls into a measuring container. Inside, the gas phase is drained from the gas outlet line of the measuring vessel;
  • the discharge switching valve corresponding to the container begins to evacuate the liquid in the measuring container, the set pressure difference threshold corresponds to a fixed liquid discharge quality, and at the same time, the split switching valve performs a switching operation, so that the multi-phase flow is along another branch line Traveling and separating into a gas phase and a liquid phase by a gas-liquid separator, the liquid phase falling into the other measuring container, the gas phase being discharged from the gas outlet line of the other measuring container; and simultaneously making the split switching valve or discharge switching
  • the counter on the valve is incremented by one count;
  • step b repeating the step b for a period of time, and using the counter to calculate the number of discharges, and multiplying by the liquid mass of each fixed discharge, thereby obtaining the liquid mass flow rate Q l during the period of time;
  • the present invention achieves a simple measurement of multiphase flow mass flow.
  • the invention can avoid the use of a venturi flowmeter, and provides a measuring device and method for measuring the mass flow rate of oil, gas and water in a multiphase flow of a low-yield oil and gas well, especially suitable for intermittent intermittent multiphase Measurement of flow.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flow meter of the present invention.
  • Mass flow rate refers to the mass of fluid flowing through a unit of time. In the SI unit system, the dimension can be kg/s.
  • a "gamma ray mass phase fraction meter” is a device known in the art, comprising a gamma emitter, a receiver, an arithmetic module and a display/output combination structure, wherein the source in the gamma ray emitter can be double A radioactive source (gamma ray that emits two kinds of energy) or a pluripotent radioactive source (gamma ray that emits three or more kinds of energy).
  • the gas density, the pure oil mass absorption coefficient, the pure water mass absorption coefficient, and the pure gas mass absorption coefficient can uniquely determine the mass phase fraction of the oil, gas and water phases of the measured multiphase flow.
  • the specific process is as follows.
  • the gamma ray emitter emits gamma rays with an initial intensity of N 0 . After absorption by the multiphase flow, the gamma ray receiver is reached, and the transmitted intensity N x is detected and exists between the two.
  • N xl N 0l *exp(- ⁇ l *X)----(1)
  • ⁇ l OMF* ⁇ ol +WMF* ⁇ wl +GMF* ⁇ gl ,
  • ⁇ h OMF* ⁇ oh +WMF* ⁇ wh +GMF* ⁇ gh ,
  • OMF, WMF and GMF are the linear mass phase fractions of oil, gas and water, respectively, and according to the definition of mass phase fraction, there are the following constraints:
  • ⁇ gl , ⁇ gh , ⁇ ol , ⁇ oh , ⁇ wl and ⁇ wh are known values
  • X is the pipe diameter, which is also a known value
  • N x is the measured value
  • N 0 is theoretically It is the "initial intensity" of gamma ray, but in practice it is generally replaced by the "empty tube count value", that is, the value of the transmitted intensity measured by the gamma ray receiver when there is no multiphase fluid in the pipe.
  • the "initial intensity" of gamma rays is also a known value.
  • OMF, WMF and GMF can be solved by solving the above equations (1)(2)(3) in parallel, and multiphase flow oil is assumed.
  • the three phases of gas and water are uniformly mixed.
  • the linear mass phase fraction can be regarded as the total mass phase fraction, and the mass phase fraction of each of the oil, gas and water phases is derived.
  • the liquid mass phase fractions OMF, WMF and GMF in the multiphase flow are measured by the gamma ray mass phase fraction meter 1, and then the multiphase flow flows through the shunt switching
  • the switching action of the valve 3 through the split switching valve allows the multiphase flow to travel only along a branch line at a time, and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase by the gas-liquid separator 5, and the liquid phase falls into a measuring container 4
  • the gas phase is drained from the gas outlet line 7 of the measuring vessel; the liquid phase is accumulated in the certain measuring vessel, and the differential pressure sensor is used to monitor the differential pressure ⁇ P in the measuring vessel, wherein the differential pressure sensor One pressure probe is located at the bottom of the container and the other pressure probe is located at the top of the container or at the top of the container body (make sure it is above the liquid level).
  • the measured differential pressure is proportional to the mass of the liquid accumulated in the container, and when the differential pressure reaches a certain set pressure difference threshold (ie, the drain quality threshold), the discharge switching corresponding to the measuring container is initiated.
  • the valve 9 starts to drain the liquid, and at the same time, the diverter switching valve 3 performs a switching operation, so that the multi-phase flow travels along the other branch line, and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase by the gas-liquid separator 5, and the liquid phase falls into the other
  • the gas phase is drained from the gas outlet line 7 of the other measuring container; at the same time, the counter on the split switching valve or the discharge switching valve is incremented by one count.
  • the step b is repeated for a period of time, and the number of discharges is calculated using the count, and multiplied by the mass of the liquid per fixed discharge, thereby obtaining the liquid mass flow rate Q l for the period of time.
  • the liquid mass flow rate Q l and the gas phase mass fraction rate GMF the mass moisture content WMF and the mass oil content OMF, the multi-phase flow total mass flow rate Q m , the gas mass flow rate Q g , the oil phase mass flow rate Q o and the water are estimated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

一种正排量型多相流质量流量计，其包括以下构件：伽玛射线质量相分率计（1），其位于多相流输送主管线（2）上；分流切换阀（3），所述多相流输送主管线经其分为两个分支管线；两个全同并联的多相流体质量测量容器（4），各自位于每一分支管线下游，其在每一分支管线和测量容器之间设有气液分离器（5），每一测量容器上安装有一个差压传感器（6），每个差压传感器都有一个引压口位于位于容器底，每一测量容器顶部具有气体出口管线（7），底部具有排放出口管线（8）和排放切换阀（9）；所述气体出口管线和液体出口管线在测量容器外汇合成多相流输送主管线；所述分流切换阀（3）或排放切换阀（9）上具有计数器，用于对测量容器排空液体的次数进行计数。

Description

一种正排量型多相流质量流量计 技术领域
本发明属于多相流质量流量计量领域。具体地，本发明涉及一种正排量型多相流质量流量计和使用该流量计测量多相流中油、气、水三相各自质量流量的测量方法。
背景技术
油气工业中，油气井产物同时包含液相原油和水，气相天然气的气液混合流体，业内称之为多相流。其中所述气相包括例如油气井所产天然气或任何在常温下不凝的气体，具体地有如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等；所述液相可包括：油相，例如原油本身以及在原油开采过程中溶解在原油中的液体添加剂，以及水相，例如地层水、开采过程中注入油气井中的水以及溶解在水相中的其它液体添加剂。
现有技术中用于测量多相流中气液两相各自流量的一种方法是文丘里流量计+伽马射线法，其原理是利用文丘里管测量多相流的总流量，并用伽马射线探测器测量气液两相各自的相分率，然后用总流量乘以气液两相各自的相分率，得到气液两相各自的流量。但由于文丘里为动量型流量计，这样的多相流量计往往流量下限较高，不能计量较低产量的油气井，尤其是对于时断时续的间歇型多相流来说，该方法则完全不能适用，无法准确计量间歇型多相流的流量。
油田用户更希望获得多相流中油、气、水各相的质量流量，且也希望能有不同于基于文丘里多相流量计量程比的间歇型多相流的计量设备和方法。
本发明提供了一种正排量型多相流质量流量计。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供了一种正排量型多相流质量流量计，其包括以下构件：伽马射线质量相分率计1，其位于多相流输送主管线2上；
分流切换阀3，所述多相流输送主管线经其分为两个分支管线；
两个全同并联的多相流体质量测量容器4，各自位于每一分支管线下游，且在每一分支管线和测量容器之间设有气液分离器5，每一测量容器上安装有一个差压传感器6，每个差压传感器都有一个引压口位于容器底，每一测量容器顶 部具有气体出口管线7，底部具有排放出口管线8和排放切换阀9；所述气体出口管线和排放出口管线在测量容器外汇合成多相流输送主管线；
所述分流切换阀3或排放切换阀9上具有计数器，用于对测量容器排空液体的次数进行计数。
其中，所述伽马射线质量相分率计包括伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其布置方式使得伽马射线发射器发出的伽马射线沿多相流输送主管线直径方向穿过到达所述伽马射线接收器，所述伽马射线发射器中的放射源为双能放射源或多能放射源，如钡-133/Ba-133。
其中，两个并联的多相流质量测量容器中的差压传感器彼此布置方式完全相同。
优选地，所述气液分离器5为气液碰撞分离装置。当然也可以使用其他类型的气液分离装置，例如气液旋流分离器等。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种测量多相流中油、气、水三相各自流量的测量方法，其使用本发明第一方面所述的正排量型多相流质量流量计，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)使多相流流过所述正排量型多相流质量流量计，其中在伽马射线质量相分率计处测量该多相流的质量含油率OMF，质量含水率WMF和质量含气率GMF，并通过分流切换阀的切换动作使得该多相流每次只能沿着某一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器分离为气相和液相，液相落入某一测量容器内，气相从该测量容器的气体出口管线排走；
b)使所述液相在该某一测量容器内累积，并使用所述差压传感器监测测量容器内的差压ΔP,当该压差达到某一设定压差阈值时，启动与该测量容器对应的排放切换阀开始排空该测量容器内的液体，该设定压差阈值对应于固定的液体排放质量，与此同时，分流切换阀进行切换操作，使得多相流沿另一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器分离为气相和液相，液相落入该另一测量容器内，气相从该另一测量容器的气体出口管线排走；同时使得所述分流切换阀或排放切换阀上的计数器增加一个计数；
c)在一段时间内重复所述步骤b,并用所述计数器计算排放次数，再乘以每次固定排放的液体质量，由此得到该段时间内的液体质量流量Ql；
d)根据液体质量流量Ql和所述气相质量相分率GMF、质量含水率WMF和质量 含油率OMF，推算多相流总质量流量Qm、气体质量流量Qg、油相质量流量Qo和水相质量流量Qw，其中Qm＝Ql/(1-GMF)，Qg＝Ql*GMF/(1-GMF)，Qw＝Qm*WMF，Qo＝Qm*OMF。
本发明的优点如下：
1、本发明实现了多相流质量流量的简便测量。
2、本发明可避免使用文丘里流量计，提供了测量低产油气井多相流中油、气、水三相各相质量流量的计量设备和方法，尤其适合于时断时续的间歇型多相流的测量。
附图说明
图1是本发明的正排量型多相流质量流量计的示意图。
图中，附图标记含义如下：
1、伽马射线质量相分率计；2、多相流输送主管线；3、分流切换阀；4、测量容器；5、气液分离器；6、差压传感器；7、气体出口管线；8、排放出口管线；9、排放切换阀。
以上附图仅用于示例性地说明本发明的技术构思和技术方案，而不以任何方式限制本发明。
具体实施方式
下面首先给出各术语定义，然后结合附图来描述使用本发明的正排量型质量流量计测量多相流中油、气、水三相各自质量流量的测量方法。
“质量流量”是指单位时间内流过的流体的质量，在SI单位制中，其量纲可以为kg/s。
“质量相分率”是指多相流中各相所占的质量百分比，且满足以下条件：OMF+WMF+GMF＝1，其中OMF表示质量含油率，WMF表示质量含水率，GMF表示质量含气率。
“伽马射线质量相分率计”是本领域已知的设备，包含伽马发射器、接收器、运算模块和显示/输出的组合结构，其中伽马射线发射器中的放射源可为双能放射源(放出两种能量的伽马射线)或多能放射源(放出三种以上能量的伽马射线)。由于伽马射线透过物质时强度衰减与物质密度之间存在定量规律，通过伽马射线初始值和穿过被测物后的强度值，并且根据事先标定的纯油密度、纯水 密度和纯气密度、纯油质量吸收系数、纯水质量吸收系数、纯气质量吸收系数，就可以唯一确定被测多相流的油、气、水各相质量相分率。具体过程如下，伽马射线发射器发出伽马射线，其初始强度为N0，经过多相流吸收后，到达伽马射线接收器，检测到透射后的强度Nx，且二者之间存在公式
Nxl＝N0l*exp(-μl*X)----(1)
Nxh＝N0h*exp(-μh*X)----(2)
其中下标l代表较低能量的伽马射线，h代表较高能量的伽马射线；μ为被测物的线性质量吸收系数，X为伽马射线沿被测物的透射距离，即为管道直径D。其中线性质量吸收系数μ又与纯气相的线性质量吸收系数μg(可事先经分离后对纯气相进行标定得到)、纯油相的线性质量吸收系数μo(可事先经分离后对纯油相进行标定得到)和纯水相的线性质量吸收系数μw(可事先经分离后对纯水相进行标定得到)存在以下关系：
μl＝OMF*μol+WMF*μwl+GMF*μgl，
μh＝OMF*μoh+WMF*μwh+GMF*μgh，
其中OMF、WMF和GMF分别为油、气、水三相的线性质量相分率，且根据质量相分率的定义，又存在以下约束：
GMF+OMF+WMF＝1----(3)
上述三个方程中，μgl、μgh、μol、μoh、μwl和μwh为已知值，X为管道直径，也是已知值，Nx是测量值，而N0虽然理论上是伽马射线“初始强度”，但实际上一般使用“空管计数值”来代替它，即管道内没有任何多相流体时由伽马射线接收器测得的透射强度值，将此视为伽马射线“初始强度”，也为已知值。由此，上述方程中仅有OMF、WMF和GMF三个未知数，故可通过联立求解上述方程(1)(2)(3)就可以求解出OMF、WMF和GMF，又假设多相流油、气、水三相是均匀混合的，则此线性质量相分率可认为是总质量相分率，进而推算出油、气、水三相各自的质量相分率。
多相流流经输送主管线2时，靠伽马射线质量相分率计1来测量多相流中的液体质量相分率OMF、WMF和GMF，然后该多相流流经所述分流切换阀3并通过分流切换阀的切换动作使得该多相流每次只能沿着某一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器5分离为气相和液相，液相落入某一测量容器4内，气相从该测量容器的气体出口管线7排走；使所述液相在该某一测量容器内累积，并使用所述差压 传感器监测测量容器内的压差ΔP,其中差压传感器的一个测压探头位于容器底，另一个测压探头位于容器顶部或者位于容器体上部(确保使之位于液面之上即可)。随着流体的累积，测量的差压与容器内累积的液体质量成正比，当该差压达到某一设定压差阈值(即排液质量阈值)时，启动与该测量容器对应的排放切换阀9开始排空液体，与此同时，分流切换阀3进行切换操作，使得多相流沿另一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器5分离为气相和液相，液相落入该另一测量容器内4，气相从该另一测量容器的气体出口管线7排走；同时使得所述分流切换阀或排放切换阀上的计数器增加一个计数。在一段时间内重复所述步骤b,并用所述计数计算排放次数，再乘以每次固定排放的液体质量，由此得到该段时间内的液体质量流量Ql。根据液体质量流量Ql和所述气相质量相分率GMF、质量含水率WMF和质量含油率OMF，推算多相流总质量流量Qm、气体质量流量Qg、油相质量流量Qo和水相质量流量Qw，其中Qm＝Ql/(1-GMF)，Qg＝Ql*GMF/(1-GMF)，Qw＝Qm*WMF，Qo＝Qm*OMF。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种正排量型多相流质量流量计，其特征在于，包括以下构件：
    伽马射线质量相分率计(1)，其位于多相流输送主管线(2)上；
    分流切换阀(3)，所述多相流输送主管线经其分为两个分支管线；
    两个全同并联的多相流体质量测量容器(4)，各自位于每一分支管线下游，且在每一分支管线和测量容器之间设有气液分离器(5)，每一测量容器上安装有一个差压传感器(6)，每个差压传感器都有一个引压口位于容器底，每一测量容器顶部具有气体出口管线(7)，底部具有排放出口管线(8)和排放切换阀(9)；所述气体出口管线和液体出口管线在测量容器外汇合成多相流输送主管线；
    所述分流切换阀(3)或排放切换阀(9)上具有计数器，用于对测量容器排空液体的次数进行计数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的正排量型多相流质量流量计，其特征在于，其中所述伽马射线质量相分率计包括伽马射线发射器和伽马射线接收器，其布置方式使得伽马射线发射器发出的伽马射线沿多相流输送主管线直径方向穿过到达所述伽马射线接收器，所述伽马射线发射器中的放射源为双能放射源或多能放射源。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的正排量型多相流质量流量计，其特征在于,两个并联的多相流质量测量容器中的差压传感器彼此布置方式完全相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的正排量型多相流质量流量计，其特征在于,所述气液分离器(5)为气液碰撞分离装置。
  5. 一种以正排量方式测量多相流中油、气、水三相各自质量流量的测量方法，其使用前述权利要求中任一项所述的正排量型多相流质量流量计，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    a)使多相流流过所述正排量型多相流质量流量计，其中在伽马射线质量相分率计处测量该多相流的质量含油率OMF，质量含水率WMF和质量含气率GMF，并通过分流切换阀的切换动作使得该多相流每次只能沿着某一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器分离为气相和液相，液相落入某一测量容器内，气相从该测量容器的气体出口管线排走；
    b)使所述液相在该某一测量容器内累积，并使用所述差压传感器监测测量容器内的差压ΔP,当该压差达到某一设定压差阈值时，启动与该测量容器对应的排放切换阀开始排空该测量容器内的液体，则该设定压差阈值对应于固定的液体 排放质量，与此同时，分流切换阀进行切换操作，使得多相流沿另一分支管线行进，并经气液分离器分离为气相和液相，液相落入该另一测量容器内，气相从该另一测量容器的气体出口管线排走；同时使得所述分流切换阀或排放切换阀上的计数器增加一个计数；
    c)在一段时间内重复所述步骤b,并用所述计数器计算排放次数，再乘以每次固定排放的液体质量，由此得到该段时间内的液体质量流量Ql；
    d)根据液体质量流量Ql和所述气相质量相分率GMF、质量含水率WMF和质量含油率OMF，推算多相流总质量流量Qm、气体质量流量Qg、油相质量流量Qo和水相质量流量Qw，其中
    Qm＝Ql/(1-GMF)
    Qg＝Ql*GMF/(1-GMF)
    Qw＝Qm*WMF
    Qo＝Qm*OMF。
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