WO2018070893A1

WO2018070893A1 - Supply and exhaust system

Info

Publication number: WO2018070893A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000680
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владислав Русланович ЦЫПЛАКОВ
Original assignee: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ДЕТА Инжиниринг"; Мирай Интекс Сагл
Priority date: 2016-10-10
Filing date: 2016-10-10
Publication date: 2018-04-19

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of air conditioning. The invention is based on the use of a compressor and an expander. The essence of the invention consists in the design of a combined indoor air-cooling and air-heating circuit, in which heating is carried out through a pressure circuit, and cooling through a vacuum circuit. Additionally, the air entering indoors does not pass through a compressor and an expander. The technical result consists in increased effectiveness of operation and improved purity and quality of the air entering indoors. The invention may be used for producing and maintaining a microclimate indoors all year round.

Description

Supply and exhaust device

The invention relates to supply and exhaust devices, intended mainly for creating and maintaining a microclimate in rooms and air conditioning, however, which are also used in other areas of technology.

To date, the fixed assets used for air conditioning can be divided into four main types:

1) Air conditioners are designed to cool indoor air. Built on a vapor compression cycle with direct cooling, or with an intermediate coolant (water, solutions of glycols, salts). Usually they work on complete recirculation of indoor air without mixing fresh air. The heating function is usually not provided.

2) Reversible air conditioners with heat pump function: designed for both cooling and heating. Such devices operate with 100% recirculation, and in this case, in heating mode, they are operable only to an ambient temperature of at least -15 ° C.

3) Heating systems, local or central, operate using coolants, most often hot water. The heat source is local heating devices of various types, heating boilers, central heating systems. Sufficiently complex communications are required to supply the coolant from heat-producing devices to heated rooms. For local systems, fuel is required, for central systems, it is necessary to have special enterprises (boiler houses, thermal power plants, etc.) and an extensive heating network. Due to the large extent of the heating mains, there are significant heat losses, especially with damaged insulation.

4) Central air conditioners are designed to create a microclimate in rooms with a large area or for several rooms. In general, they consist of a supply and exhaust ventilation with a different share of recirculation (from 0 to 100%), external sources that provide cooling and heating of the air supplied to the premises. For such devices, it is necessary to have external sources of cooling and heat supply, appropriate networks for supplying coolants to the central air conditioner, pump units, etc.

As you can see, the first two types are not able to provide both cooling, heating, and ventilation at the same time, or are capable, but with significant limitations. The second two types are structurally complex, requiring a large and branched infrastructure, and therefore their scope is significantly limited. Thus, there is a need for a simple and universal in its application installation for creating and maintaining a microclimate that would provide all the required operating modes and simple switching between them using standard means.

One of the possible solutions to this problem are installations operating on the principle of an air-cooled machine. Such installations should include at least one compressor-expander unit, at least one heat exchanger and an air intake system from the room and from the outside (hereinafter, the term “from the outside” is equivalent to the terms “from the street”, “outside” and means space, located outside the room in which the microclimate is created, and where fresh air is located).

Such installations are known in the art. So, in the patent US6484528 (B1) a room heating system is disclosed in which air is taken from the room, fed to a compressor, compressed. Compressed, as a result, hot, the air from the room interacts in the heat exchanger with the air taken from the outside, after which the heated external air is supplied to the room, and the exhaust air from the room passes through the expander and is thrown out. In the patent US6539744 (B1) a similar scheme is described, but the air in it is conditionally directed in the opposite direction and the room is cooled. The full descriptions of these patents are incorporated into this application by reference. The most successful of the solutions known to the applicant in which the possibility of both heating and cooling the room with simultaneous ventilation would be realized is an air conditioner, disclosed in patent EP1164339 (A1), patent holder - DAIKIN IND LTD, publication date 12/19/2001. This patent discloses several embodiments of an air conditioner. The closest in functionality to the claimed object is an air conditioner according to the fifth embodiment, disclosed in this patent. There are two modes of operation, switching between which is carried out using two four-way valves. In the first “for heating” mode, the air from the room passes through a dehumidifier (rotating rotary absorber), after which it is supplied to the compressor, where it is compressed, as a result of which it is heated and fed to the heat exchanger. Fresh air from the street is supplied to the heat exchanger, where compressed and hot air from the room heats it, after which the heated fresh air passes through a dehumidifier. Humidifier increases the humidity of fresh air and is fed into the room. The exhaust air from the room after passing through the expander is thrown out. In the second “cooling” mode, fresh air is supplied to the compressor, where it is compressed and heated, after which it is supplied to the heat exchanger. The air from the room is fed to a heat exchanger, where it cools compressed hot air from the street. After that, the exhaust air from the room is thrown out, and the air from the street enters the expander. On the expander, air expands from the street, as a result of which it cools. Cooled air is supplied to the room. A simple ventilation mode is also described. This device, as the closest to the claimed is taken as a prototype.

Despite the relative simplicity of the design, not demanding on the infrastructure and providing all the required operating modes, the prototype has some drawbacks.

The first thing to note is that in the cooling mode, the supply air passes through the unit (air is supplied to the room after expander), in this case, modes may arise in which fog is formed in the supply air stream.

Another important disadvantage of the prototype device is its low efficiency in cooling mode, due to the work on the pressure cycle. So, from a number of scientific papers (see, for example, Scott, T. C. and Davis, GL, "The rmodynamics of Air / Water-Cycle Air-Conditioning Systems" (1976). International Compressor Engineering Conference. Paper 229. http: //docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec/229) it is known that for cooling the pressure cycle, the pressure cycle is significantly inferior in efficiency to the vacuum cycle using the evaporation of moisture in the low pressure circuit.

Thus, the objective of the present invention was to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype - low efficiency in cooling mode and the passage of supply air through the compressor-expander unit before being fed into the room in cooling mode. Summarizing, we can say that the purpose of the invention was to create a highly efficient installation for year-round creation of a microclimate in a room, operating in a combined cycle without passing the air supplied to the room through the compressor-expander unit.

The technical result can be formulated as improving the cooling efficiency, the possibility of the installation in cooling and heating mode, improving the air quality in the room, due to 100% supply of fresh air (lack of recirculation).

The invention consists in that:

Supply and exhaust device, including:

- an assembly consisting of a compressor and an expander mounted on a shaft of an electric motor;

- heat exchanger;

- the first line formed by series-connected channel of external air intake, the first channel of the heat exchanger, channel air supply to the room;

- the second line formed by the channel of air intake from the room, which is connected to the compressor and the expander, which, in turn, are connected through the second channel of the heat exchanger to each other and to the air discharge channel to the outside;

- the first and second shutters installed between the air intake channel from the room and, respectively, the expander and compressor, the third and fourth shutters installed between the air exhaust channel to the outside and, respectively, the compressor and expander, the fifth and sixth shutters installed between the second channel of the heat exchanger and, respectively, the compressor and the expander, the seventh and eighth valves installed between the second channel of the heat exchanger and, respectively, the compressor and the expander.

A supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that the electric motor is cooled by external air, which is taken through the cooling air intake channel and discharged through the air discharge channel to the outside.

Supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that filters are installed in front of all external air intake channels.

A supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that in front of the channel for supplying air to the room, in front of the channel for discharging air to the outside, and also after the channel for taking air from the room, silencers are installed.

A supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that a dehumidifier is installed in front of the air supply channel into the room.

The supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that the dehumidifier is connected to water spray nozzles installed in the heat exchanger.

Supply and exhaust device, also characterized in that the air is taken in through the air intake channel using supply fan.

The supply and exhaust device, also cast by the fact that it contains an additional moisture trap installed in the supply channel.

The above features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the means and methods for their achievement will be more clear and understandable on the basis of the further description of various methods and forms of implementation of the invention with reference to the figures of the drawings, on which:

In FIG. 1 shows preferred embodiments of a circuit of the claimed invention. Black arrows indicate air flow in heating mode, dotted arrows - in cooling mode.

The claimed circuit in a preferred embodiment includes an external air supply channel (1) for collecting fresh air from the street. Channel (1) is connected in series through the supply air filter (2) to the supply fan (3). Through one of the channels of the heat exchanger (4), the supply fan (3) is connected through a moisture separator (5) and the first silencer (6) to the supply air supply channel (7) to the room. Thus, a line for supplying outdoor air to the room is formed. In this case, the external air passes through the first channel of the heat exchanger (4).

The scheme also includes an exhaust channel (8) located in the room and designed to collect the "exhaust" air from the room. Channel (8) through a filter (9) and a second silencer (10) is connected to two shutters (11) and (19). The line that goes through the shutter (I) is connected with the expander (12), and through it with two shutters (13) and (22). The line that goes from the exhaust channel (8) to the shutter (19), then through the shutter (19) is connected to the compressor (15), through which it is connected to two shutters (16) and (20). The channels that go through the shutters (16) and (22) and lead through the third muffler (17) to the exhaust air channel (18), through which the exhaust air is ejected out.

Other lines are formed respectively through the heat exchanger (4) with the help of dampers (13), (14), (20), (21). From the flaps (13) and (20) to heat exchanger (4) mounted nozzles for spraying water (27).

The compressor (15) and the expander (12) are mounted on the same shaft of the electric motor (23), which obviously gives the advantages of energy saving. The cooling of the electric motor (23) is carried out through a line formed by the channel (24) for intake of cooling air from the outside, a filter (25), a fan (26). After cooling the electric motor, cooling air is discharged through the channel line (18).

The device in a preferred embodiment operates as follows.

In cooling mode.

Exhaust air from the serviced room through the exhaust air channel (8) is cleaned of dust in the exhaust air filter (9) through a noise attenuator (10) and a damper (11) to a turbine expander (12). In a turboexpander (12), the exhaust air is cooled by expansion and is supplied through a damper (13) to a heat exchanger (4), in which it cools the outside air. After the heat exchanger (4), the exhaust air through the damper (14) enters the turbocharger (15), where it overheats due to compression and is discharged through the damper (16) and the muffler (17) into the atmosphere through the exhaust air channel (18). At the same time, warm outside air through the channel (1) of the outside air is supplied by the supply fan (3) to the heat exchanger (4) through the supply air filter (2). In the heat exchanger (4), the supply air is cooled to a predetermined temperature and enters the moisture separator (5). After dehumidification in the dehumidifier (5), the supply air through the silencer (6) is supplied to the serviced room through the supply air channel (7). Moisture after the heat exchanger (4) and the moisture separator (5) is supplied to the nozzles (27) of the water distribution in the heat exchanger (4). Thus, a vacuum operation scheme of an air-cooled machine is realized, which is more efficient than a pressure one in cooling mode. In this case, only clean air is supplied to the room, which is taken from the street and does not pass through the compressor and expander. Enhanced cooling efficiency as well as air quality. In heating mode.

Warm exhaust air from the serviced room through the exhaust air channel (8) is cleaned of dust in the exhaust air filter (9) and is fed through a muffler (10) and a damper (19) to the turbocharger (15). In the turbocharger (15), the exhaust air is overheated by compression and is supplied through a damper (20) to a heat exchanger (4), in which it heats the outside air. After the heat exchanger (4), the exhaust air through the damper (21) enters the turbo expander (12), where it is cooled by expansion and is discharged through the damper (22) and the silencer (17) into the atmosphere through the exhaust air channel (18). At the same time, cold outside air through the channel (1) of the outside air is supplied by the supply fan (3) to the heat exchanger (4) through the supply air filter (2). In the heat exchanger (4), the supply air is heated to a predetermined temperature and through the silencer (6) is supplied to the serviced room through the supply air channel (7). Thus, a pressure circuit is implemented, which is preferable in the mode of operation for heating. At the same time, the air that is supplied to the room also does not pass through the compressor-expander unit.

An air circuit is used to remove heat from the main drive electric motor (23) (both in cooling mode and in heating mode). Air is supplied by the cooling air fan (26) to the main drive electric motor (23) through the cooling air channel (24) and the cooling air filter (25), after which it is vented to the atmosphere through the silencer (17) and the exhaust air channel (18).

Claims

Formula

1. Supply and exhaust device, including:

- an assembly consisting of a compressor (15) and an expander (12) mounted on the shaft of an electric motor (23);

- heat exchanger (4);

- the first line formed in series with the channel (1) for intake of external air, the first channel of the heat exchanger (4), the channel (7) for supplying air to the room;

- the second line formed by the channel (8) of air intake from the room, which is connected to the compressor (15) and the expander (12), which, in turn, are connected through the second channel of the heat exchanger (4) to each other and to the air discharge channel to the outside (18) ;

- the first and second shutters (19, 11) installed between the channel (8) of the air intake from the room and, respectively, the expander (12) and the compressor (15), the third and fourth shutters (16, 22) installed between the channel (18) of the outward air and, accordingly, a compressor (15) and an expander (12), a fifth and a sixth flap (20, 13) installed between the second channel of the heat exchanger (4) and a compressor (15) and an expander (12), a seventh and an eighth flap (14, 21 ) installed between the second channel of the heat exchanger (4) and, respectively, the compressor (15) and the expander ( 12).

2. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling of the electric motor (23) is carried out by external air, which is taken in through the cooling air intake channel (24) and discharged outwardly through the air discharge channel (18).

3. The supply and exhaust device according to p. 1 and 2, characterized in that filters are installed in front of all the channels (1, 9, 25) of the outdoor air intake.

4. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the channel (7) for supplying air to the room, in front of the channel (18) for discharging air outward, and also after the channel (8) for air intake from the room, silencers are installed.

5. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that a moisture trap (5) is installed in front of the air supply channel (7) to the room.

6. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 5, characterized in that the moisture trap (5) is connected to nozzles (27) for spraying water installed in the heat exchanger (4).

7. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air is taken in through the channel (1) for intake of outside air by the supply fan (3).

8. The supply and exhaust device according to claim 1, cast in that it contains an additional moisture trap (5) installed in the supply channel.