WO2018069798A1 - Détecteur de radiation simulée - Google Patents

Détecteur de radiation simulée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018069798A1
WO2018069798A1 PCT/IB2017/056161 IB2017056161W WO2018069798A1 WO 2018069798 A1 WO2018069798 A1 WO 2018069798A1 IB 2017056161 W IB2017056161 W IB 2017056161W WO 2018069798 A1 WO2018069798 A1 WO 2018069798A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
simulated
radiation
radioactive source
simulated radiation
rfid
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Application number
PCT/IB2017/056161
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert STUMP
Original Assignee
Texas Tech University System
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2018069798A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018069798A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/169—Exploration, location of contaminated surface areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments

Definitions

  • Embodiments are generally related io the field of detection devices. Embodiments are also related to the field of simulations. Embodiments are further related to the field of RFID technology. Embodiments are also related to methods, systems, and devices for simulating detection of radioactive sources. Embodiments are further related to methods, systems, and apparatuses for simulating radioactive sources using RFID technology for training exercises.
  • a system, method, and apparatus for simulating the detection of radiation comprises at least one simulated radioactive source comprising an RFID tag, a simulated radiation detector, and an emulating module for receiving signals from the simulated radioactive sources and providing an output signal simulating detection of the simulated radioactive source.
  • the RFID tag can be preprogrammed with a simulated radiation level, where the simulated radiation level is provided in the signal received by the emulating moduIe.
  • the emulating module provides an output indicative of the simulated radiation level associated with the at least one RFID tag.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a computer system which is implemented in accordance with the disclosed embodiments
  • FIG. 2 depicts a graphical representation of a network of data-processing devices in which aspects of the present embodiments may be implemented
  • FIG. 3 depicts a computer software system for directing the operation of the data- processing system depicted in FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 depicts a system for simulating radiation detection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary simulated radiation detector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 depicts a circuit diagram of a detector system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 depicts steps associated with a method for training for the detection of radioactive sources in accordance with embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary system for determining the distance to a simulated radioactive source in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 depscts a block diagram of a system for determining the distance to a simulated radioactive source in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1-3 are provided as exemplary diagrams of data-processing environments in which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1 -3 are only exemplary and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard to the environments in which aspects or embodiments of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of a computer system 100 that executes programming for implementing parts of the methods and systems disclosed herein is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a computing device in the form of a computer 1 10 configured to interface with sensors, peripheral devices, and other elements disclosed herein may include one or more processing units 102, memory 104, removable storage 1 12, and non-removable storage 1 14.
  • Memory 104 may include volatile memory 106 and non-volatile memory 108.
  • Computer 110 may include or have access to a computing environment that includes a variety of transitory and non-transitory computer-readable media such as volatile memory 108 and non-volatile memory 108, removable storage 1 12 and nan- removable storage 1 14.
  • Computer storage includes, for example, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROfvl) and electrically erasabie programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of storing computer -readable instructions as well as data including image data.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EPROfvl erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasabie programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory or other memory technologies
  • compact disc read-only memory (CD ROM) Compact disc read-only memory
  • DVD Digital Versatile Disks
  • magnetic cassettes magnetic tape
  • magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of storing computer -readable instructions as well as data including image data
  • Computer 110 may include or have access to a computing environment that includes input 116, output 118, and a communication connection 120.
  • the computer may operate in a networked environment using a communication connection 120 to connect to one or more remote computers, remote sensors, detection devices, hand-held devices, multi-function devices (MFDs), mobile devices, tablet devices, mobile phones, Smartphones, or other such devices.
  • the remote computer may aiso include a personal computer (PC), server, router, network PC, RFID enabled device, a peer device or other common network node, or the like.
  • the communication connection may include a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), Bluetooth connection, or other networks. This functionality is described more fully in the description associated with FIG. 2 below.
  • Output 1 18 is most commonly provided as a computer monitor, but may include any output device.
  • Output 118 and/or input 116 may include a data collection apparatus associated with computer system 100.
  • input 116 which commonly includes a computer keyboard and/or pointing device such as a computer mouse, computer track pad, or the like, allows a user to select and instruct computer system 100.
  • a user interface can be provided using output 1 18 and input 116.
  • Output 1 18 may function as a display for displaying data and information for a user, and for interactively displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) 130.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • GUI generally refers to a type of environment that represents programs, files, options, and so forth by means of graphically displayed scons, menus, and dialog boxes on a computer monitor screen.
  • a user can interact with the GUI to select and activate such options by directly touching the screen and/or pointing and clicking with a user input device 1 18 such as, for example, a pointing device such as a mouse and/or with a keyboard.
  • a user input device 1 18 such as, for example, a pointing device such as a mouse and/or with a keyboard.
  • a particular item can function in the same manner to the user in ail applications because the GUI provides standard software routines (e.g., module 125) to handle these elements and report the user's actions.
  • the GUI can further be used to display the electronic service image frames as discussed below.
  • Computer-readable instructions for example, program module or node 125, which can be representative of other modules or nodes described herein, are stored on a computer-readable medium and are executabie by the processing unit 102 of computer 1 10.
  • Program module or node 125 may include a computer application.
  • a hard drive, CD- ROM, RAM, Flash Memory, and a USB drive are just some examples of articles including a computer-readable medium.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a graphical representation of a network of data-processing systems 200 in which aspects of the present invention may be implemented.
  • Network data- processing system 200 is a network of computers or other such devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, sensors, detection devices, and the like in which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.
  • the system 200 can be implemented in the context of a software module such as program module 125.
  • the system 200 includes a network 202 in communication with one or more clients 210, 212, and 214.
  • Network 202 may also be in communication with one or more RFSD enabled devices 205, servers 206, and storage 208.
  • Network 202 is a medium that can be used to provide communications links between various devices and computers connected together within a networked data processing system such as computer system 100.
  • Network 202 may include connections such as wired communication links, wireless communication links of various types, and fiber optic cables.
  • Network 202 can communicate with one or more servers 206, one or more external devices such as RFID enabled device 205, and a memory storage unit such as, for example, memory or database 208.
  • RFID enabled device 205 may be embodied as a detector device, microcontroller, controller, receiver, or other such device,
  • RFID enabled device 205 server 206
  • clients 210, 212, and 214 connect to network 202 along with storage unit 208.
  • Clients 210, 212, and 214 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers, handheld devices, mobile devices, tablet devices, smartphones, personal digital assistants, microcontrollers, recording devices, MFDs, etc.
  • Computer system 100 depicted in FIG. 1 can be, for example, a client such as client 210 and/or 212.
  • Computer system 100 can also be implemented as a server such as server 206, depending upon design considerations.
  • server 206 provides data such as boot files, operating system images, applications, and application updates to clients 210, 212, and/or 214.
  • Clients 210, 212, and 214 and RFID enabled device 205 are clients to server 206 in this example.
  • Network data-processing system 200 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown. Specifically, clients may connect to any member of a network of servers, which provide equivalent content.
  • network data-processing system 200 is the Internet with network 202 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol
  • At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers consisting of thousands of commercial, government, educational, and other computer systems that route data and messages.
  • network data-processing system 200 may also be implemented as a number of different types of networks such as, for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN).
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are intended as examples and not as architectural limitations for different embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a software system 300, which may be employed for directing the operation of the data-processing systems such as computer system 100 depicted in FIG. 1.
  • Software application 305 may be stored in memory 104, on removable storage 112, or on non-removable storage 1 14 shown in FIG. 1 , and generally includes and/or is associated with a kerneI or operating system 310 and a sheII or interface 315.
  • One or more application programs, such as modules) or node(s) 125 may be loaded” (i.e., transferred from removable storage 1 12 into the memory 104) for execution by the data -processing system 100.
  • the data-processing system 100 can receive user commands and data through user interface 315, which cart include input 1 16 and output 118, ble by a. user 320.
  • program moduIes can include, but are not limited to, routines, subroutines, software applications, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types and instructions.
  • routines, subroutines software applications, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types and instructions.
  • program moduIes can include, but are not limited to, routines, subroutines, software applications, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types and instructions.
  • program moduIes e.g., module 125
  • routines, subroutines software applications
  • programs e.g., objects, components, data structures, etc.
  • data structures etc.
  • muiti-function devices data networks
  • microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics networked personaI computers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, servers, medical equipment, medical devices, and the like.
  • module or node may refer to a collection of routines and data structures that perform a particular task or implements a particular abstract data type. Modules may be composed of too parts: an interface, which lists the constants, data types, variables, and routines that can be accessed by other modules or routines; and an implementation, which is typically private (accessible only to that module) and which includes source code that actually implements the routines in the module.
  • the term module may also simply refer to an application such as a computer program designed to assist in the performance of a specific task such as word processing, accounting, inventory management, etc., or a hardware component designed to equivalent ⁇ assist in the performance of a task.
  • the interface 315 (e.g., a graphical user interface 130 ⁇ can serve to display results, whereupon a user 320 may supply additional inputs or terminate a particular session.
  • operating system 310 and GUI 130 can be implemented in the context of a "windows" system. It can be appreciated, of course, that other types of systems are possible
  • RTOS real time operating system
  • the software application 305 can include, for example, module(s) 125, which can include instructions for carrying out steps or logical operations such as those shown and described herein.
  • RFID tags can be used to emulate radioactive sources.
  • the RFID fags can be distributed in a test environment.
  • a handheld device embodied, for example, as a simulated cold war radiation survey meter can simulate detection of radiation using an RFID reader and a microcomputer.
  • Each RFID tag can be assigned a unique identifier, which can be associated with a pre-programmed level of radiation.
  • the simulated radiation survey meter can produce meter readings and/or auditory data (e.g., radiation detector "clicks") for each RFID tag. indicative of a simuiated radiation level associated with the RFID tag.
  • An exemplary electronic circuit associated with the embodiments is illustrated in FIG. 6. it should be appreciated that the simulated radiation survey meter may include hardware, as illustrated in FIG. 8, comprising a circuit designed to incorporate an RFID detector device, logic to process signals received from the RFID tags, an output control, and an output to emulate the detection of a radioactive source.
  • the simuiated radiation survey meter can include a computer system or handheld device with processor readable instructions which can accept input from, or be embodied as, an RFID reader, process the instructions, and control outputs to a gauge and/or sound producing device (e.g., earphone, headphone, loudspeaker, etc.) intended to simulate the output of the detection of a radioactive source.
  • a gauge and/or sound producing device e.g., earphone, headphone, loudspeaker, etc.
  • This simulated radiation survey meter can thus readily be used by trainees to find and identify RFID tags corresponding to various predefined levels of radiation.
  • Multiple RFID tags can be used.
  • the tags can represent a range of radiation levels from near background radiation up to lethal radiation doses.
  • RFID tags can be hidden in mouiage, under the skin of mannequins, on live human actors, on animals, or in other places within the training environment, without interfering with the RFID signal.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a simulated radiation detection system 400 in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
  • a test area 405 can comprise any environment, but may preferably be a hospital or area of a hospital, an open outdoor space, a triage center, a training building or venue, or other such environment.
  • the test area 405 can be selected to match the likely real-world working environment of a trainee. For example, if radiation simulation detection is being provided for medical staff, the environment may preferably be a hospital, if the radiation simulation detection is being provided for military personnel, the test area may include a simulated detonation zone or other such combat environment.
  • the test area 405 can be pre-populated with one or more simulated radiation sources, such as simuiated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420.
  • the simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420 can comprise RFID tags or other radio wave devices (i.e.. transceivers). It should be understood that any number of simulated radiation sources may be used, and the use of three sources in FIG. 4, and throughout this disclosure, is meant to be exemplary, in some cases, it may be desirable to include a large number of radiation sources, so that a team of trainees can work together to identify the sources. In other cases, only a single source or a limited number of sources may be desirable where basic operation of radiation detectors, and/or searching protocols, are the focus of the training exercise.
  • the simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420 can be distributed throughout test area 405.
  • the simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420 can be hidden in the test area, attached to objects in the test area, hidden in the clothes or attached to live actors or mannequins in the test area 405, and/or otherwise placed in the test area 405.
  • the RFID tags can include an integrated circuit used to store and process information, modulate a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and harness power from a reader signal.
  • the RFID tags can include an antenna for receiving and transmitting a signal.
  • Tag information can be stored in on-board memory associated with the tag and/or with the tag reader.
  • simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420 can thus be embodied as RFID tags, or other such transceivers.
  • a simulated radiation detector 425 can be provided to simulation trainees.
  • the simulated radiation detector can generally be configured to emulate the aesthetic and functional qualities of an operational radiation detector.
  • FIG. 5 provides an illustration of one such simulated radiation detector 425.
  • the detector is configured to emulate a radiation survey meter. It should be understood that, in other embodiments, the aesthetic qualities of the simulated radiation detector can be selected to match the operable radiation detector that the trainee is likely to use in a live source scenario.
  • the simulated radiation detector 425 can include a two-way radio transmitter- receiver (e.g., RFID reader 470 ⁇ that sends signals to the RFID tag serving as the simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420.
  • the RFID tags 410, 415, and 420 provide response signals.
  • the RFID tags 410, 415, and 420 can provide a signal indicative of a simulated radiation level that has been assigned to the respective tag and programmed into the tag (or siored in the simulated radiation detector memory), in an embodiment, different tags can include different radiation levels ranging from background IeveI radiation, to fully lethal levels of radiation, and beyond.
  • the RFID tag transmits its RFID tag identifier number.
  • the RFID tag identifier number can be used to determine the simulated level of radiation at the simulated radiation detector via a look-up table, which has a simulated radiation level assigned to each RFID tag identifier number.
  • the look-up table can be stored in memory associated with the simulated radiation detector.
  • the simulated radiation detector 425 can be configured to measure the signal strength (e.g., the signal power) provided from one or more of the RFID tags 410. 415, and 420.
  • the signai strength can be used to approximate the distance to the RFID tag in order to simulate the inverse distance squared relationship of real radioactive sources as described in greater detail herein.
  • one or more of the simulated radiation sources 410, 415, and 420 can comprise active RFID tags, battery-assisted passive RFID tags, and/or passive RFID tags.
  • Active RFID tags can include a battery. The battery provides power to a transmitter that intermittently transmits a signal, In the embodiments disclosed herein, the transmitted signal can be indicative of a simulated radiation level assigned to the tag.
  • a battery-assisted passive (BAP) RFID tag can be used.
  • BAPS have an on-board battery.
  • the transmitter on the BAP RFID tag is activated In the presence of an RFID reader. When activated, the transmitter sends a signal to the reader corresponding to the simulated radiation level assigned to the tag.
  • the simulated radiation source can comprise a passive RFID tag.
  • the simuiated radioactive source comprising a passive RFID tag collects the radio energy transmitted by the reader. The energy is used to power a transmitter that sends a signal to the reader corresponding to the simuiated radiation level assigned to the tag.
  • the simulated radioactive sources 410, 415, and 420 comprising RFID tags can include memory, so that data can be written to the tag.
  • data can include a tag ID and/or a simulated radiation level associated with the tag.
  • tag ID associated with a tag may correlate to a simulated radiation source level stored in the reader and/or microcontroller associated with the simuiated detector or in another associated computing system.
  • RFID tags can have individual serial numbers, which allows the simulated radiation detector 425 to discriminate among multiple tags. The simuiated detector can read them one at a time or simultaneously.
  • RFID tags such as simuiated radioactive sources 410, 415, and 420 can thus be preprogrammed to emulate a desired radiation levei by transmitting a signal to a nearby detector.
  • RFID tags have the advantage of being small and therefore easy to hide.
  • RFID tags are also capable of transmitting a signal through certain media and not through other media.
  • the disclosed RFID tags may be hidden in clothes, under mouiage 430, and in or around furniture or other such fixtures in the environment 405.
  • the simulated radiation detector 425 can include an on/off switch 435 and handle 440.
  • the radiation detector can include a selector switch 445 that provides sensitivity settings 465 incIuding a "Zero" setting similar to an operating radiation survey meter.
  • a "circuit check" setting can functionally operate as a battery test (or power test) of the battery (or other power source) powering the simuiated radiation detector, but also gives the experience of operating a real radiation survey meter.
  • the simuiated radiation survey meter 425 further includes a simulated radiation gauge 450 and a simuiated radiation detector sound-producing device 455.
  • Sound- producing device 455 may be embodied as earphones, headphones, a loudspeaker, a clicker, or other such device.
  • the simulated radiation gauge 450 and simulated radiation detector sound-producing device 455 can be operabSy connected to an RFID reader 470, and associated control board or chicken, contained inside the simulated radiation detector housing 480.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a radiation detector 425, configured in a style intended to replicate a cold war radiation survey meter. Note that the reference numerals in FIG. 5 correlate with like features iiiustraied in FIG. 4. Also note, in other embodiments, the style of the radiation detector can take other forms.
  • the simulated radiation detector 425 can take the form of a Geiger counter, a radiation survey meter, RIID (radio-isotope identification devices), a dosimeter, a personal dosimeter, a radiation pager, a scintillation counter, a radiation portal, an alpha and/or beta and/or gamma and/or neutron detector, an ionization detector, an Nal radiation detector, a solid state radiation detector, etc.
  • RIID radio-isotope identification devices
  • the simulated radiation detector 425, on/off switch 435, and handle 440 are positioned on the top of the detector housing 460.
  • the radiation detector 425 includes selector switch 445 that provides sensitivity settings 465 including a "Zero" setting similar to an operating radiation survey meter.
  • the simulated radiation survey meter 425 has a simulated radiation gauge 450 and a simulated radiation detector speaker 455.
  • the detector housing 460 is preferably configured to internally house an RFID reader 470, and associated control board or chicken which is connected to, and used to control, the simulated survey meter 425, on/off switch 435, selector switch 445, speaker 455, and any other associated electronics.
  • FIG. 8 An exemplary electronic circuit 800, or emulator module, associated with the embodiments, is iiiustraied in FIG. 8.
  • the simulated radiation survey meter may include hardware as illustrated in FIG. 6 comprising a circuit designed to incorporate an RFID detector device 470, logic to process signals received from the RFID tags, and an output to emulate the detection of a radioactive source.
  • the electronic circuit 800 can be configured in the housing 460 illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the system can include a control chip 605.
  • the control chip 805 (or control board) can comprise an electrician, or other such microcontroller.
  • Control board 605 can include one or more microprocessors 610.
  • the control board 805 can include one or more digital and/or analog input/output .
  • the control board 605 can include communications interfaces, including, but not limited to, a Universal Serial Bus (USB).
  • the communication interfaces are used for communication with a computer or other external computing device. In many cases, the communications interface provides a means for transmitting programs and other data to and from the control board 605.
  • the control board 605 can be programmed to perform specific tasks or functions. In the embodiments disclosed herein, the control board 605 can be programmed to control and/or serve as an RFID reader. In some embodiments, an RFID board 620 can serve as an RFID reader 470. In other embodiments, this functionality can be integrated in control board 605. In addition : the control board 605 includes a switch 625 thai can comprise, or otherwise be connected to, switch 435. The control board further controls meter 640 which can comprise, or otherwise be connected to, simulated radiation meter 450. Likewise, speaker 630 is controlled by control board 605 and provides auditory clicks, or other auditory feedback, to simulate the response of an operational radiation detector. In certain embodiments, speaker 630 is embodied as speaker 455.
  • the control board 605 is powered by a power source 635.
  • the power source can comprise a connection to a hardwired power source such as a wall socket, or can comprise a battery that is included in the detector housing 460.
  • the simulated RFID detection circuitry, or emulator module 600 is configured to function as a simulated radioactive source detector.
  • the simulated radiation survey meter can include a computer system or handheld device with processor readable instructions which can accept input from an RFID reader, process the instructions, and control outputs to a gauge and/or sound producing device (e.g., earphone, headphone, loudspeaker, etc.) intended to simulate the output of the detection of a radioactive .source,
  • a gauge and/or sound producing device e.g., earphone, headphone, loudspeaker, etc.
  • RFID systems require compatible RFID tags and readers.
  • the RFID tags 410, 415, and 420, and RFID reader 470 can be embodied in a number of ways.
  • One such embodiment includes a passive reader active tag system.
  • the RFfD reader formed in the simulated radiation detector housing only receives radio signals from powered tags. The reception range of the reader can be adjusted as desired.
  • the system includes an active reader, which transmits signals to passive tags, which collect power from the signal and respond in turn. St should be appreciated that the embodiments can comprise short, mid, or long range RFID tags and RFID readers.
  • the simulated radiation detector 425 can be swept through a test environment 405.
  • the reader 470 receives a signal from a tag (e.g., tag 410, 415, and/or 420)
  • the signal is processed to extract the tag information and determine the radiation level assigned to the tag according to the instructions included on control board 605.
  • the control board 805 then activates the simulated radiation gauge to mimic the gauge 450 with an action that would occur if a real radiation source were nearby.
  • the control board 605 also drives the simulated radiation detector sound- producing device 455 to emulate a Geiger counter, or other such auditory indicia, of a nearby radiation source.
  • the auditory signal or radiation detector "click" frequency increases when the simulated radiation source (embodied as an RFID tag) is near.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 for training associated with a simulated radioactive source, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the method begins at step 705.
  • one or more simulated radioactive sources comprising RFID tags can be pre-programmed to be indicative of a selected radiation level.
  • the simulated sources can then be hidden throughout a training environment. This may include hiding the simulated sources in or around furniture, on mannequins or live actors, in moulage, in or around plants or other natural features in the environment, or in any other place in the training environment.
  • the training session can be initiated.
  • One or more of the trainees can be equipped with a simulated radiation detector. Exemplary trainees may include military personnel, medical personnel, disaster preparedness groups, law enforcement, firefighters, EMTs. or other such trainees.
  • Throwing the power switch can activate the simulated radiation detectors, as shown at step 725.
  • the simulated radiation detectors can then be initialized by following a prescribed protocol for initiation, which may include a "circuit check."
  • the circuit check can, in fact, simply test the battery, but is meant to emulate a circuit check on a real radiation detection device.
  • the selector switch can be set to the desired simulated tolerance. Other pre-sweep protocol may also be required to train for the preparation for a real radiation sweep.
  • the detection device can be swept through the training environment, as shown at step 730. Trainees can be instructed on best practices for operating a live radiation detector in a real disaster scenario, using the simulated radiation detector.
  • the simulated radsation detector can provide auditory and visual feedback when the trainee sweeps the simulated radiation detector close enough to a simulated radiation source, as shown at step 735. This may be repeated until all of the simulated radiation sources are detected and/or the training event ends at step 740.
  • the simulated radiation detector and simulated radiation source can take advantage of RFID technology, such technology may be limited because actual radioactive source detection (i.e., radiation) is inversely proportional to the distance from the source squared, in practical terms, this means that as a detector moves closer to a source, the detection frequency rapidly increases. As such, a number of approaches can be employed to properly (or more accurately) simulate the detection frequency increase experienced in a live radioactive source scenario.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates certain embodiments, where this relationship can be emulated by configuring the simulated radiation source as a magnet 805.
  • the magnet may serve as a stand-alone simulated source or may by used in conjunction with one or more simulated sources formed as RF ID tags.
  • Two compasses, compass 810 and compass 815 can be incorporated in the simulated radiation detector 425, in association with one or more simulated radioactive source comprising a magnet 805.
  • the two compasses 810 and 815 are configured to be a know distance apart.
  • the compasses 810 and 815 can be connected to the contraI board 805.
  • the distance to the simulated source can be determined using simple geometric calculations (triangle 825 illustrates the basic geometric shape used in such a calcuiation) that can be programmed into the control board 805. That distance can then be used by the control board to provide simulated detection of radioactive sources that accurately reflect the distance from the simulated source 805 (i.e., inversely proportional to the distance from the source squared).
  • a source 905 can comprise a stand alone infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) iight source, and/or an iR or NiR source configured with an RFID tag.
  • a detector 925 can comprise an IR or NIR detector that is configured to connect with control board 805.
  • an arrangement of sources 905, 910, 915, and 920 can comprise IR or NIR light sources that can be distributed in an environment.
  • IR or NIR detectors 925 can be configured on or in the simulated radiation detector 425, preferably in a semicircular configuration, although other arrangements also may be possible.
  • the measured intensity of the IR or NiR Iight sources can correlate to a specified radioactive source.
  • Incident IR or NiR light on the detector 925 can be used to indicate the direction of the simulated radioactive source.
  • the detector 925 may be embodied as an ultraviolet detector, infrared detector, iight detector, sound detector, or radio signal detector, and the sources 905-920 can be embodied as uftravioiet sources, infrared source, Iight sources, sound sources, or radio signal sources respectively.
  • the sources can comprise stand aIone sources or can comprise a combination or such sources connected to or otherwise associated with RFID tags.
  • RFID tag radio frequency field strength and/or the transmitter power needed to identify a tag can be used to estimate the distance between the radiation detector and the RFID tag, so that the inverse distance squared dependence of radiation detection can be modeled.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein thus provide a framework for mimicking low level, up to absolutely lethal radiation sources, using RFID tags and RFID readers.
  • RFID tags are safe and can be used on human actors without risk. These tags can be hidden within mouiage to enhance the learner's experience.
  • the methods and systems eliminate the need to use even low level, but still potentially dangerous, radioactive isotopes for radiation incident training.
  • a system for simulating the detection of radiation comprises at least one simulated radioactive source comprising an RFID tag, a simulated radiation defector, and an emulating module for receiving signals and/or signal field strength from the simulated radioactive sources and providing an output signal simulating detection and/or distance of a radioactive source.
  • the at least one RFID tag is preprogrammed with a simulated radiation level, the simulated radiation level being provided in the signal received by the emulating module.
  • the emulating module provides an output indicative of the simulated radiation level associated with the at least one RFID tag.
  • the simulated radiation detector comprises a simulated radiation detector housing, at least one simulated radiation gauge operabiy connected to the emulating module, and/or at least one simulated radiation sound producing device operabiy connected to the emulating module.
  • the simulated radiation detector housing comprises a radiation survey meter.
  • the emulating module comprises a circuit comprising an RRD detector device, logic to process signals received from the RFID tags, and an output to emulate the detection and/or distance of a radioactive source.
  • the system further comprises at least two magnetic detectors formed in the simulated radiation detector and at least one simulated radioactive source comprising a magnet.
  • a radiation detection training method comprising disposing at least one simulated radioactive source comprising an RFID tag in a training environment, searching for the at least one simulated radioactive source with a simulated radiation detector, and identifying the at least one simulated radioactive source with an emulating module for receiving signals from the simulated radioactive sources and providing an output signal simulating detection of a radioactive source.
  • the method further comprises assigning a simulated radiation level to the at least one simulated radioactive source, the simulated radiation level being provided in the signal received by the emulating module.
  • the method can further comprise providing an output indicative of the simulated radiation level associated with the at least one RFID tag.
  • the output further comprises at least one simulated radiation reading provided on at least one simulated radiation gauge and at least one simulated auditory response provided on at least one simulated radiation sound producing device.
  • the method further comprises disposing at least one simulated radioactive source comprising a magnet in the training environment, determining a distance to the at least one simulated radioactive source comprising a magnet, and adjusting the output to accurately reflect the distance from the at least one simulated radioactive source comprising a magnet.
  • an apparatus for simulating the detection of radiation comprises at least one simulated radioactive source comprising an RFID tag, a simulated radiation detector, and an emulating module for receiving signals from the simulated radioactive sources and providing an output signal simulating detection of a radioactive source, in an embodiment, the at least one RFID tag is preprogrammed with a simulated radiation level, the simulated radiation level being provided in the signal received by the emulating module. In an embodiment, the emulating module provides an output indicative of the simulated radiation level associated with the at least one RFID tag.
  • the simulated radiation detector comprises a simulated radiation detector housing, at least one simulated radiation gauge operably connected to the emulating module, and at least one simulated radiation sound producing device operably connected to the emulating module.
  • the simulated radiation detector housing comprises a radiation survey meter.
  • the emulating module comprises a circuit comprising an RFID detector device, logic to process signals received from the RFID tags, and an output to emulate the detection of a radioactive source.
  • the apparatus further comprises at least two magnetic detectors formed in the simulated radiation detector and at least one simuiated radioactive source comprising a magnet.
  • field strength of the signals from the at least one simulated radioactive source is indicative of a distance between the simuiated radiation detector and the simulated radioactive source.
  • the distance between the simulated radiation detector and the simulated radioactive source can be used to enhance detection realism by accurately modeling the inverse distance squared relationship between a real source and real detection equipment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système, un procédé et un appareil permettant de simuler la détection d'une radiation qui comprend au moins une source radioactive simulée comprenant une étiquette RFID, un détecteur de radiation simulée, et un module d'émulation servant à recevoir des signaux en provenance des sources radioactives simulées et à fournir un signal de sortie simulant la détection d'une source radioactive. L'étiquette RFID peut être préprogrammée avec un niveau de radiation simulée, ledit niveau de radiation simulée étant fourni dans le signal reçu par le module d'émulation. Le module d'émulation fournit une sortie indiquant le niveau de radiation simulée associé à ladite étiquette RFID.
PCT/IB2017/056161 2016-10-12 2017-10-05 Détecteur de radiation simulée WO2018069798A1 (fr)

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US201662407007P 2016-10-12 2016-10-12
US62/407,007 2016-10-12

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CN111141762A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-12 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 一种表面污染应急辐射探测模拟系统
CN110488343B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2024-06-11 中核核电运行管理有限公司 用于模拟故障的数据处理板卡及模拟故障的方法

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CN110488343A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-22 中核核电运行管理有限公司 用于模拟故障的数据处理板卡及模拟故障的方法
CN110488343B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2024-06-11 中核核电运行管理有限公司 用于模拟故障的数据处理板卡及模拟故障的方法
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