WO2018059334A1 - 区块链网络、分支节点、区块链网络应用方法及存储介质 - Google Patents
区块链网络、分支节点、区块链网络应用方法及存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018059334A1 WO2018059334A1 PCT/CN2017/103038 CN2017103038W WO2018059334A1 WO 2018059334 A1 WO2018059334 A1 WO 2018059334A1 CN 2017103038 W CN2017103038 W CN 2017103038W WO 2018059334 A1 WO2018059334 A1 WO 2018059334A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
- G06Q20/06—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme
- G06Q20/065—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme using e-cash
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to communication technologies, and in particular, to a blockchain network, a branch node, a blockchain network application method, and a storage medium.
- Blockchain is the core technology of Bitlink, a decentralized database.
- a block is a string of data generated by using a cryptographic method to be applied to bitcoin.
- the data in the block includes record data of the bitcoin transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the transaction (to achieve transaction security). And generate the next block.
- the blockchain network can also be applied to the storage and backtracking of related record data in finance, fairness, supply chain, and identity verification.
- the blockchain technology has a problem of excessive resource occupation when applied to a mobile terminal.
- the embodiments of the present invention provide a blockchain network, a branch node, a blockchain network application method, and a storage medium.
- the blockchain technology is applied to a mobile terminal, the intensive use of the mobile terminal resources is implemented.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain network, including:
- node the number of which is configured to store a block including the recorded data, and link the stored block to form a blockchain
- the at least one branch node is configured to receive record data submitted by a user through an encrypted channel, and send the record data to a target node, where the target node receives the Recording a node other than the branch node of the data;
- the branch node is further configured to: according to the quantity of the valid confirmation result, the valid confirmation result is that the target node returns for the record data, and returns a submission result of the record data to the user through the encrypted channel;
- the branch node is further configured to receive a request for creating a new block, where the request is sent by the user through the encrypted channel, the new block is sent to the target node, and the new area is verified according to the target node. As a result of the block, the result of creating a new block is returned to the user via the encrypted channel.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a branch node as described above, which is disposed in a blockchain network, and includes:
- a storage unit configured to store a block including the recorded data and link the stored block to form a blockchain
- Recording a data unit configured to receive the record data submitted by the user through the encrypted channel, and send the record data to the target node, where the target node is outside the branch node in the blockchain network that receives the record data Node
- the recording data unit is further configured to: according to the quantity of the valid confirmation result, the valid confirmation result is that the target node returns for the record data, and return a record data submission result to the user through the encrypted channel;
- a new block unit configured to receive a request to create a new block, the request being sent by the user through the encrypted channel, the new block being sent to the target node, according to the target
- the node verifies the result of the new block, and returns to the user the result of creating a new block through the encrypted channel.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain network application method applied to a blockchain network, including:
- At least one branch node of the plurality of nodes of the blockchain network At least one branch node of the plurality of nodes of the blockchain network
- the branch node when the branch node receives the record data submitted by the user through the encrypted channel, sending the record data to the target node, where the target node is the branch node in the blockchain network that receives the record data a node other than
- the request When receiving a request to create a new block, the request is sent by the user through an encrypted channel, and the new block is sent to the target node for confirmation;
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a branch node, including:
- a memory configured to store an executable program
- the processor is configured to implement the blockchain network application method provided by the embodiment of the present invention when the executable program stored in the memory is executed.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium, where an executable program is stored, and when the executable program is executed by a processor, the blockchain network application method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is implemented.
- the branch node uses one or more nodes of the blockchain network as branch nodes, the branch node provides the blockchain-based service to the users in the service range, including submitting the record data to the target node in the blockchain network to write the new zone.
- Block, and confirm the creation of new blocks, to achieve blockchain services The effect achieved on the user side is as follows:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3B is a schematic structural diagram of an optional blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blockchain network in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional hardware and software of a branch node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A is a schematic flow chart of an alternative process for a branch node to confirm a transaction for a user in an embodiment of the present invention
- 6B is a schematic flow chart of an alternative process for a branch node to confirm a transaction for a user in an embodiment of the present invention
- 6C is a schematic diagram of an optional scenario in which a branch node confirms a transaction for a user in an embodiment of the present invention
- 6D is a schematic diagram of an optional scenario in which a branch node confirms a transaction for a user in an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is an optional flow diagram of a branch node requesting a user to create a new block in a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is an optional schematic diagram of writing a supply chain record in a blockchain in a supply chain when the blockchain network is applied in the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an optional functional structure of a branch node in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is an optional flow diagram of a branch node confirming a transaction for a user in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Virtual currency in the embodiment of the present invention, refers to an encrypted internet currency, which is an encrypted digital currency based on cryptography, including bitcoin, Litecoin, and other similar derivative currencies.
- Block is a basic unit for storing recorded data, for example, storing record data of virtual currency transactions, and each block is implemented by a random hash algorithm (also called a hash algorithm) to implement a link (Chain).
- the block header of a block (the head of the block) contains the hash value of the previous block, thereby successively connecting the block to the block to form a blockchain.
- Block Chain multiple nodes are generated by a series of cryptographic methods, and the block adopts the structure of "block header + block body", and the block header is used to verify the effective record data.
- a blockchain is a distributed database of distributed nodes that store recorded data such as virtual currency transactions. From the data structure level, the blockchain includes a series of blocks. Once the new block is added to the blockchain, it will not be modified or deleted. The block contains record data for verifying the recorded data. Validity (to achieve the anti-counterfeiting effect of the recorded data) and generate the next block.
- the transaction of Bitcoin relies on the confirmation of the node running the blockchain.
- the corresponding record data is added to the latest block in the blockchain, the transaction.
- the record data is continually acknowledged by the other nodes in the blockchain network to avoid transaction duplication.
- the confirmation is confirmed in enough nodes (that is, the transaction is recorded in the block), the transaction is finally confirmed, and the transaction is irreversible.
- Digital signature involving the hash function, the sender's public key, and the sender's private key.
- the sender uses the private key of the asymmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the record data to be sent (such as the summary of the recorded data), and the asymmetric encryption algorithm and public key agreed upon by the receiver and the sender, using an asymmetric encryption algorithm.
- the public key decrypts the digital signature to obtain a summary, and compares it with the summary calculated directly using the recorded data. The comparison is consistent, indicating that the recorded data is from the sender, and is complete, that is, has not been tampered with.
- each branch node is used to provide one or more user oriented zones
- the blockchain service uses an encrypted channel for communication between the branch node and the user's mobile terminal.
- the target node corresponds to the branch node.
- a node other than the branch node in the blockchain network is called a target node relative to the branch node, and the branch node is sent to the blockchain network.
- the recorded data is valid only when a predetermined number of target nodes confirm and record to the blockchain of the corresponding target node.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain network, and the blockchain network of the bitcoin shown in FIG. 1 is provided.
- An optional structural diagram of 100 the blockchain network is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network composed of multiple nodes, and P2P is an application layer protocol running on the TCP protocol, in a blockchain network.
- the nodes are equal to each other, there is no central node in the network, and each node can randomly connect other nodes. Therefore, the blockchain network has the characteristics of decentralization, that is, does not depend on a certain node.
- the nodes in the blockchain network 100 may have the following functions:
- a routing function for resending (for example, broadcasting) information such as recorded data sent by other nodes to more nodes to implement communication between nodes.
- the full functionality of the node can also include:
- Miners the process by which nodes obtain a certain form of reward by confirming the recorded data, such as a certain amount of virtual currency rewards.
- the user receives the record data sent by other nodes to form a new block (at this time, since it has not been confirmed by other nodes, it has not been linked to the block in the blockchain and becomes a legal block), and decrypts the math problem.
- a privilege to create a new block if the answer to the user's decryption math question is validated by other nodes, the new block created will be confirmed as a legal new block in the blockchain, and the first record data of the new block.
- the record data pre-written in the new block at the stage of creating a new block is used to give a certain amount of bitcoin reward to the user who created the new block, and the bitcoin receiving address is the user's bitcoin address. .
- the routing function is necessary for the nodes in the blockchain. According to the actual needs, other functions are set in the node. For example, for the miner node, only the routing function and the miner function can be provided, and some nodes can only implement the wallet function. Some nodes can only achieve mining functions.
- the wallet client running in the node can replace the client of the corresponding service, such as a logistics client for submitting and querying logistics information; in addition, in some business applications, when the block is used When the chain is implemented as a private chain, the reward function can be set by default for creating a new block, or a reward different from the virtual currency form, such as points.
- FIG. 2 an optional structural diagram of the blockchain 200 shown in FIG. 2, the block chain stores the recorded data in units of blocks, and the blocks in the block chain. It is generated in chronological order, and each block is used to record the recorded data generated within a certain period of time.
- the first block in the blockchain is also known as the creation block. As the recorded data increases over time, the number of blocks in the blockchain for storing recorded data is also increasing.
- each block in the block chain stored by the node stores an index of the previous block such as a hash hash, so the blocks are linked into a block chain based on the index. Since the blocks in the blockchain are generated in chronological order, the order of the blocks in the blockchain is equivalent to the effect of realizing the timestamp based on the generation time of the creation block in the creation block.
- Each block stores an index of the previous block, forming a "book page" connected to each other, so that the recorded data in the block chain has an unforgeable property.
- the block is divided into a block header and a body.
- the recorded data in the block generation time period is recorded in the block body, and other functions of the block chain are implemented by the block header, which will be described below.
- the block header includes:
- block hash value parent hash
- hash value of the block header of the previous block also called the parent block
- random hash algorithm such as SHA256 algorithm
- this value is the value calculated by hashing all the hash values of the recorded data in the block, mainly used to check the recorded data (such as a bitcoin transaction) Whether it exists in this block.
- Timestamp the time at which the block was recorded.
- the node shown in FIG. 1 is operated by the mobile terminal, and the following problems exist:
- the blockchain needs to be stored locally in the mobile terminal, occupying a large amount of storage resources of the mobile terminal.
- the blockchain needs to be stored locally in the mobile terminal. As the data recorded in the blockchain continues to grow, the storage space of the mobile terminal is occupied in a large amount.
- the bitcoin transaction needs to be confirmed immediately by the node in the blockchain. Accordingly, the blockchain stored in the mobile terminal also needs to be updated, resulting in mobile communication traffic. A large amount of cost, and the mobile terminal needs to confirm the transaction occurring by hash calculation, for example, confirming the block number by hash calculation; confirming that the previous block number is valid; and confirming that the record data is valid by backtracking. This process requires a large amount of computing resources for the mobile terminal.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain network including multiple nodes in the blockchain network and forming a block.
- the number of users that the branch node is directed to provide the blockchain service may be one or more; For example, the node with the shortest link is set as the branch node for each user orientation in the link recent policy. As the branch node that provides the blockchain service, the user is called the user of the corresponding branch node.
- the policy for setting the branch node for the user is not limited thereto.
- a random allocation policy may be adopted, and the user is randomly assigned a node as a branch node that provides the blockchain service to reduce the delay; for example, Adopting a load balancing strategy based on branch nodes, selecting the node with the least load to ensure the efficiency of providing the blockchain service to the user.
- a plurality of nodes are included in the blockchain network shown in FIG. 4, and the nodes all have a routing function to perform point-to-point communication via Ethernet (such as sending Recording data), some nodes are used as branch nodes such as branch node 41 and branch node 42, each branch node is used to provide blockchain service to mobile terminals of one or more users, as shown in FIG. 4, branch node 41
- the user's mobile terminals including mobile terminal 44 and mobile terminal 45, provide blockchain based services.
- mobile terminal 44 and mobile terminal 45 access the network through wireless access point 43 to communicate with branch node 41; similarly, branch node 42 to the user's mobile terminal (including mobile terminal 47 and mobile terminal) 48)
- branch node 42 to the user's mobile terminal (including mobile terminal 47 and mobile terminal) 48)
- the mobile terminal 47 and the mobile terminal 48 access the network through the wireless access point 46 to communicate with the branch node 42.
- any machine such as a server or a user's desktop computer can join a blockchain network to become a node.
- the branch node can also be referred to as a branch server.
- the branch node includes a hardware layer, a driver layer, an operating system layer, and a protocol layer.
- branch node 50 illustrated in FIG. 5 is merely an example and does not constitute a limitation on the structure of the branch node 50.
- the branch node 50 may set more components than FIG. 5 according to implementation requirements, or omit setting partial components according to implementation needs.
- the hardware layer of the branch node 50 includes a processor 51, an input/output interface 53, a storage medium 54, and a network interface 52, which can communicate via a system bus connection.
- the processor 51 can be implemented by using a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (MCU, Microcontroller Unit), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
- CPU central processing unit
- MCU microprocessor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
- the input/output interface 53 can be implemented using input/output devices such as a display screen, a touch screen, and a speaker.
- the storage medium 54 can be implemented by using a non-volatile storage medium such as a flash memory, a hard disk, or an optical disk, or can be implemented by using a volatile storage medium such as a double data rate (DDR), which is useful for executing the above blockchain.
- a non-volatile storage medium such as a flash memory, a hard disk, or an optical disk
- a volatile storage medium such as a double data rate (DDR)
- DDR double data rate
- the storage medium 54 may be co-located with the branch server 50 at the same location, or may be remotely distributed remotely with respect to the branch node 50, or distributed locally and remotely with respect to the branch node 50.
- the network interface 52 provides the processor 51 with access capabilities of external data, such as a remotely located storage medium 54, which may be implemented, for example, based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Communication systems such as (WCDMA, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and their evolutionary systems.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- Communication systems such as (WCDMA, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and their evolutionary systems.
- the driver layer includes middleware 55 for the operating system 56 to identify and communicate with the hardware layer components, such as a collection of drivers for the various components of the hardware layer.
- the operating system layer operating system 56 is configured to provide a user-oriented graphical interface, including, by way of example, a plug-in icon, a desktop background, and an application icon, the operating system 56 supporting user control of the device via a graphical interface.
- the software environment such as the operating system type and version, is not limited. For example, it may be an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, a Linux operating system, or a UNIX operating system.
- the protocol layer includes protocol 57, which is based on the operation of the corresponding protocol to support the bitcoin service, including bitcoin protocols that support blockchain related functions such as wallet, mining, and the like.
- branch nodes For blockchain-based services provided by branch nodes to support users (ie, one or more users that provide targeted blockchain services to branch nodes), include:
- the transaction data of the transaction is synchronized in the blockchain to confirm the transaction, and the result of the transaction is returned to the user, if the transaction is confirmed (including the number of target nodes currently confirming the transaction) ), or, the transaction failed and the reason for the failure.
- the recorded data broadcasted in the collected blockchain network is added to the new block, and the computing power of the mobile terminal or the computing power of other devices of the user is used to try to calculate the mathematics for creating a new block.
- the answer to the question (a random number satisfying the predetermined condition), when the answer is calculated, the answer is sent (eg, broadcasted) to the target node along with the created new block through the branch node, and the branch node is requested to confirm the created new block;
- the branch node requests the target node (for example, in a broadcast manner) to confirm the new block created by the user (as the latest block in the blockchain) in the blockchain network.
- the target node confirms the user creation.
- the new block is a legal block, the new block is linked to the blockchain maintained by the branch node, and the broadcast confirmation is performed.
- the branch receives a sufficient number of acknowledgments, it returns to the user to create a new block successfully; the user relies on the new block.
- the pre-written record data ie, transferred to the user a certain amount of bitcoin receives a certain amount of bitcoin reward.
- the following branch node may be any one of the branch node 41 and the branch node 42, and the user (or simply a user) who provides the block chain-based service for the branch node orientation, such as the corresponding branch node 41
- the user of the mobile terminal 44 and the mobile terminal 45 on the user side is again the user of the mobile terminal 47 and the mobile terminal 48 corresponding to the user side of the branch node 42.
- FIG. 6A an optional flow diagram of a branch node for user support for bitcoin transactions is performed.
- a user initiates a bitcoin transaction through a client running on the mobile terminal (such as a Bitcoin wallet application), for example, scanning other users' bitcoins.
- the client submits the record data to the branch node (step 101), and the record data includes the address of the sender of the bitcoin, the address of the receiver, and the bitcoin of the transaction.
- the number of branches; the branch node requests confirmation of the record data to the blockchain network by broadcasting the record data to the target node in the blockchain (step 102).
- the record data submitted by the user may further carry a digital signature formed by the user for the record data.
- the user's mobile terminal forms a digital signature in such a manner that the hash algorithm is used to calculate the summary of the record data.
- the digest of the recorded data is encrypted using a private key of an asymmetric encryption algorithm to form a digital signature.
- the bitcoin private key is a 32-byte (256-bit) random number generated using the SHA-256 algorithm, and the range of valid private keys depends on the secp256k1 elliptic curve digital signature standard used by the bitcoin.
- the numbers between 0x1 and 0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFE BAAE DCE6 AF48 A03B BFD2 5E8C D036 4140 are legal private keys.
- Add the version number in front of the private key add the compression flag and the additional check code after the private key (the so-called additional check code, after the SHA-256 operation on the private key, take the first four bytes of the hash result twice) ), and then Base58 encoding it to get the private key in the WIF (Wallet import Format) format.
- WIF Wallet import Format
- the target node is based on the digital signature of the recorded data, and can verify the source of the recorded data (whether from the user) and the integrity of the recorded data to prevent the recorded data from being tampered with.
- the target node in the blockchain that receives the recorded data if the record data submitted by the user is verified, the new block created and submitted by the user is used as a legal block and stored in the maintained blockchain (at After the data is recorded in the block of the latest block of the maintained blockchain, an acknowledgement for the record data is sent to the branch node (step 103).
- the branch node When the user's recorded data is obtained from a predetermined number of nodes in the blockchain (such as more than half of the nodes in the blockchain network, or all nodes in the blockchain, here still assume that the node has the function of maintaining the blockchain)
- the branch node considers that the record data submitted by the user is confirmed by the target node in the blockchain network, and sends a confirmation transaction success to the user's mobile terminal (step 104).
- the branch node in the blockchain can verify the record data submitted by the user in such a manner that the hash algorithm (using the same hash algorithm as the user's mobile terminal) calculates the summary of the received record data, and utilizes Asymmetric encryption algorithm public key decryption digital signature obtained by the abstract comparison, the comparison is consistent, the record data is from the user, that is, the record data is trusted, the branch node and the node receiving the record data in the blockchain will
- the record data is stored in the latest block of the block chain maintained by itself (here, the node receiving the record data has the aforementioned block chain function) (of course, it is stored in the block of the latest block).
- the branch node itself is also a node in the blockchain network
- the difference from the target node in the blockchain network is that it also supports the function of the bitcoin transaction for the user, and therefore, if the branch node
- the branch node can verify the integrity and source of the recorded data (whether it is from the user) by using the aforementioned verification method, and when the verification is passed, the branch is in the branch.
- the block data of the latest block of the block chain maintained by the node itself here, the branch node also has the function of maintaining the block chain) stores the record data.
- the branch node shown in FIG. 6B is used for user support for bitcoin exchange.
- one-way authentication 1) the branch node authenticates the user's mobile terminal; 2) the user's mobile terminal authenticates the branch node.
- the branch node authenticates the user's mobile terminal
- the user's mobile terminal authenticates the branch node
- the branch node After the authentication is passed, the branch node establishes an encrypted channel with the user's mobile terminal (step 106), such as an encrypted connection based on the Secure Transport Layer Protocol (TLS).
- TLS Secure Transport Layer Protocol
- the branch node receives the record data submitted by the user, the process of verifying the record data may be omitted, that is, the record data submitted through the encrypted channel is determined to be trusted, and the record is directly written in the blockchain maintained by the branch node. data.
- the branch node still needs to send the record data submitted by the user to the blockchain for confirmation.
- the mobile terminal of user B can display the number of Bitcoins sent by user A when querying the bitchain owned by the blockchain, but since the confirmation of the target node has not been obtained, the list of transactions is not written. In the latest block, User B is not yet able to use Bitcoin sent by User A.
- User A needs to send a certain amount of Bitcoin to User B.
- User A creates record data through the mobile terminal (such as the Bitcoin wallet set by the mobile terminal), including the sending address of User A, the receiving address of User B, and the number of Bitcoin.
- the receiving address of the user B can be obtained by manually inputting, scanning, and the like by the user A.
- the recorded data also carries the digital signature of the user A, and requests the branch node to confirm the transaction through the encrypted channel (as described above, the branch
- the mobile terminal of the node and user A can perform mutual authentication in advance and establish an encrypted channel).
- the bitcoin transmitted by the mobile terminal of the user A is displayed as "sent, pending confirmation".
- the branch node first confirms the transaction: writes the record in the blockchain stored by the branch node Data, and the recorded data is broadcasted in the target node of the blockchain, so that the target node in the blockchain is verified based on the digital signature of the recorded data, and the recorded data is written in the blockchain of the target node when the verification passes. And broadcast the confirmation record data in the blockchain.
- the transaction is successfully returned to the mobile terminal of the user A, and the bitcoin transmitted in the mobile terminal of the user A is displayed as "sent, acknowledged".
- the mobile terminal of user B displays the number of bitcoins of user B in the blockchain
- the number of bitcoins sent by user A is displayed in the mobile terminal of user B, and user B can use the number sent by user A. Bitcoin, the transaction is now complete.
- the branch node described below may be any one of the branch node 41 and the branch node 42, the branch node orientation providing the user with a blockchain-based service, such as the user-side mobile terminal 44 and the mobile of the corresponding branch node 41.
- the user of the terminal 45 is again the user of the mobile terminal 47 and the mobile terminal 48 corresponding to the user side of the branch node 42.
- An optional flow diagram for the user support for mining is illustrated in conjunction with the branch node shown in FIG. 7.
- the user requests the branch node that provides the mining service support for the user to request a list of recorded data submitted to the blockchain network ( Step 201), as described above, when the user initiates the transaction, the corresponding branch node submits the record data requesting the node in the blockchain for confirmation, and the branch node is collected to the nearest certain time (referring to the creation of the blockchain)
- the valid time of the latest block such as the last ten minutes, is sent to the record data in the blockchain and stored in the latest block of the blockchain.
- the record data in the latest block is sent to the user's mobile terminal (step 202), and the mobile terminal organizes the latest time record.
- Data step 203
- the branch node will continue to send the received new record data to the user's mobile terminal to perform recording data of the mobile terminal organization.
- Update step 204).
- the client in the mobile terminal 45 transmits the record data to the blockchain, so that the target node in the blockchain is a branch node.
- 46 receives the recorded data, and after the verification of the recorded data, the recorded data is stored in the latest block (which may also be regarded as the last block) in the block chain maintained by itself.
- the branch node 46 transmits the record data in the last block of the blockchain to the client of the mobile terminal 47.
- the mobile terminal calculates a hash value of the corresponding new block by the list of recorded data (step 205), that is, the aforementioned Merkle tree root.
- the transaction data is first generated by a SHA256 algorithm to generate a 32-byte hash value, which is stored as a leaf node.
- the two 32-byte hash values of the adjacent leaf nodes are then concatenated into a 64-byte string, and a 32-byte hash value is generated for the string by the two SHA256 algorithms.
- the parent nodes of the two leaf nodes are stored in the Merkle tree, and so on, and finally form a uniform hash value of the recorded data.
- the block header includes the block hash value (parent hash), the Merkle tree root, the timestamp, the difficulty value, and the Nonce; where, for the block header of the new block, the parent hash is the previous block.
- the hash value known
- the Merkle tree root can be calculated by the mobile terminal through the above step 205.
- the mobile terminal can fill the timestamp with the current time, and the difficulty value field is also generated according to the average of the previous time block. The time is adjusted.
- the nonce calculated by the mobile terminal needs to satisfy the following conditions (also called mathematics problem): when the Nonce value is a random number calculated by the mobile terminal, the block header of the new block SHA256 The hash value is less than the difficulty value in the block header.
- the branch node broadcasts the new block requested by the mobile terminal (including the calculated field of the block header such as the value of Nonce, and the record data in the block body) to the blockchain network.
- Publicly requesting confirmation (step 207) when the node in the blockchain network receives the new block, it verifies whether the value in the block header of the new block satisfies the above condition, and if so, acknowledges the new area created by the user's mobile terminal.
- the block links the new block to the blockchain maintained by each node and sends an acknowledgement to the branch node.
- the mobile terminal adds the record data (generally called production record data) with the user's bitcoin address as the receiving address in the block body in the created new block, and the user receives a certain amount of bitcoin as a creation.
- the reward for the new block (step 208).
- the branch node returns to the user's mobile terminal a new block creation success, and a certain number of bitcoin rewards are obtained (step 209).
- branch node is required to submit the calculated value of the Nonce in the mobile terminal, and the branch server can request the client to confirm the new block in the blockchain and obtain the reward for the user.
- the branch server can request the client to confirm the new block in the blockchain and obtain the reward for the user.
- the branch server provides services for submitting the progress of the goods transportation to the staff of different links in the supply chain to the farm.
- the link is installed by the staff in the mobile terminal.
- the transportation management client can update the transportation progress of the goods in the client in real time.
- the record 1 When the farm staff 1 transports the merchandise from the farm to the processing center, the record 1 is submitted in the mobile terminal, and the corresponding branch node sends the record 1 to the blockchain network for confirmation, so that other workers in the farm 2 pass
- the mobile terminal (when the mobile terminal of the other staff 2 becomes the target node in the blockchain network) also receives the record 1, and when the farm has a sufficient number of staff members 2 to confirm the record 1 through the corresponding branch node, the record 1 is written.
- the branch server corresponding to the worker 1 returns the record to the mobile terminal of the worker 1 1 Confirm the message, thus avoiding the possibility of tampering and forgery.
- the staff at the corresponding stage submits the records of the corresponding stage through the mobile terminal, and records are not available when a sufficient number of staff confirms.
- the way of changing the storage ensures that the progress of each stage can be accurately traced; and the mobile terminal of the staff does not continuously communicate with the blockchain network and participate in related operations, thereby saving traffic and computing resources.
- an optional logical function structure diagram of the branch node 90 shown in FIG. 9 includes:
- the storage unit 91 is configured to store, respectively, a block including the record data with a plurality of nodes in the blockchain network, and link the block to form a blockchain;
- Recording data unit 92 configured to, when receiving the record data submitted by the user, send the record data to a target node in the blockchain network, the target node receiving the received in the blockchain network a node other than the branch node of the record data, returning a record data submission result to the user according to the number of valid confirmation results returned by the target node for the record data;
- a new block unit 93 configured to, when receiving a request by the user to create a new block, send the new block to a target node in the blockchain network, and verify the new area according to the target node The result of the block returns to the user the result of creating a new block.
- the recording data unit 92 is further configured to: when receiving the record data carrying the digital signature of the user, send the record data to a target node, when a predetermined number of target nodes are successfully verified, When the submitted record data is stored and a valid confirmation result is returned, the submitted record data is returned to the user for confirmation.
- the record data unit 92 is further configured to verify the integrity of the record data and the source is the user based on the digital signature of the user carried by the submitted record data, and verify the pass time.
- the submitted record data is written in a blockchain maintained by the branch node.
- the new block unit 93 is further configured to transmit record data newly acquired from the blockchain network to the user, the record data being calculated by the user to satisfy a predetermined condition. a random number, the calculated random number is filled in a block header (ie, a block header) of the new block, and the new block is formed based on the block header and the newly acquired record data.
- a block header ie, a block header
- the new block unit 93 is further configured to: when the target node in the blockchain verifies that the random number satisfies the predetermined condition, and write the in the corresponding maintained blockchain When a new block is returned, the user is returned to create a new block successfully.
- the new block unit 93 is further configured to: when the record data is record data of a virtual currency, and the target node confirms the new block in the blockchain, based on the new block The pre-written record data with the address of the user as the receiving address acquires virtual currency for the user.
- the new block unit 93, the branch node further includes an authentication encryption unit 94 configured to authenticate with the user, and when the authentication passes, determine that the user provides a blockchain based orientation for the orientation.
- an authentication encryption unit 94 configured to authenticate with the user, and when the authentication passes, determine that the user provides a blockchain based orientation for the orientation.
- a user of the service and an encrypted channel with the user configured to provide a blockchain based service.
- the blockchain network and the method for applying the blockchain network implemented by the branch node are described.
- the plurality of nodes of the blockchain network have at least one branch node.
- the blockchain network application method may be include:
- step 301 the branch node receives the record data submitted by the user through the encrypted channel.
- Step 302 The branch node sends the record data to a target node, where the target node is a node other than the branch node that receives the record data in the blockchain network.
- Step 303 The branch node returns a submission result of the record data to the user by using an encrypted channel with the user according to the number of valid confirmation results returned by the target node for the record data.
- Step 304 The branch node receives a request to create a new block, and the request is sent by the user through an encrypted channel.
- Step 305 The branch node sends the new block to the target node for confirmation.
- the branch node returns a result of creating a new block to the user according to the result of verifying the new block by the target node.
- the record data submission result is returned to the user by the branch node and the encrypted channel of the user, including :
- the method further includes:
- the method further includes:
- the submitting the result of returning the recorded data to the user includes:
- the method further includes:
- the pre-written record data is the reception address of the virtual currency with the address of the user.
- the method further includes:
- Authenticating with the user determining to provide a blockchain service to the user when the authentication is passed, and establishing the encrypted channel for providing the blockchain service with the user.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, such as a memory including a computer program, which may be executed by a processor to complete the steps of the blockchain application method provided by the foregoing embodiments of the present invention.
- the storage medium may be a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), or a flash memory. (Flash Memory), magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or read-only disc A memory such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory); or a device including one or any combination of the above memories, such as a mobile phone, a computer, a tablet device, a personal digital assistant, or the like.
- the branch node uses one or more nodes of the blockchain as branch nodes, the branch node provides a blockchain-based service to users (applications) within the service scope, including submitting record data, and confirming the created new block, so that the block
- the efficiency that chain services can achieve on the user side is manifested in:
- the user For creating a new block in the blockchain, the user needs to initiate a request to create a new block, and subsequent network communication is not required (until a confirmation result is received), thereby enabling offline confirmation of the created new block.
- the technical effect is to reduce the frequent network operations on the user side, save the user's traffic and computing resources, and ensure the endurance performance of the user-side terminal.
- the branch node and the user of the blockchain service provided by the branch node perform authentication, and use the encrypted channel to perform the blockchain service after the authentication is passed, thereby ensuring data security.
- the foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage communication state processing device, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .
- the above-described integrated unit of the present invention may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a standalone product.
- the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a plurality of instructions for making
- a computer communication state processing device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network communication state processing device, etc.) performs all or part of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
- the foregoing storage medium includes: a mobile storage communication state processing device, a RAM, a ROM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种区块链网络、分支节点及区块链网络应用方法;区块链网络包括:节点,数量为多个,配置为存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所存储的区块而形成区块链;多个节点中包括至少一个分支节点,配置为接收用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据,将记录数据发送至目标节点;分支节点,还配置为根据有效确认结果的数量,有效确认结果为目标节点针对记录数据返回,通过加密通道向用户返回记录数据提交结果;分支节点,还配置为接收创建新区块的请求,请求为用户通过加密通道发送,将新区块发送到目标节点,根据目标节点验证新区块的结果,通过加密通道向用户返回创建新区块的结果。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201610872194.3、申请日为2016年9月29日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
本发明涉及通信技术,尤其涉及一种区块链网络、分支节点、区块链网络应用方法及存储介质。
区块链是(Block Chain)比特币的核心技术,是一个去中心化的数据库。区块是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块,以应用于比特币为例,数据块中记录包括了比特币交易的记录数据,用于验证交易的有效性(以实现交易防伪)和生成下一个区块。
区块链网络除了用于存储比特币等虚拟货币的交易的记录数据,还可以应用于金融、公正、供应链、身份验证中相关记录数据的存储和回溯。
目前,区块链技术在应用到移动终端时存在资源过度占用的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种区块链网络、分支节点、区块链网络应用方法及存储介质,当区块链技术应用在移动终端时实现占用移动终端资源的集约化。
本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的:
第一方面,本发明实施例提供一种区块链网络,包括:
节点,数量为多个,配置为存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所存储的区块而形成区块链;
所述多个节点中包括至少一个分支节点,配置为接收用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;
所述分支节点,还配置为根据有效确认结果的数量,所述有效确认结果为所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回,通过加密通道向所述用户返回记录数据的提交结果;
所述分支节点,还配置为接收创建新区块的请求,所述请求为所述用户通过所述加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点,根据所述目标节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
第二方面,本发明实施例提供一种如前所述的分支节点,设置于区块链网络中,包括:
存储单元,配置为存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所存储的区块而形成区块链;
记录数据单元,配置为接收用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;
所述记录数据单元,还配置为根据有效确认结果的数量,所述有效确认结果为所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回记录数据提交结果;
新区块单元,配置为接收创建新区块的请求,所述请求为所述用户通过所述加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点,根据所述目标
节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
第三方面,本发明实施例提供一种应用于区块链网络的区块链网络应用方法,包括:
区块链网络的多个节点中具有至少一个分支节点;
当所述分支节点接收到用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据时,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;
根据所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,通过与所述用户的加密通道,向所述用户返回记录数据的提交结果;
当接收到创建新区块的请求时,所述请求为所述用户通过加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点进行确认;
根据所述目标节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
第四方面,本发明实施例提供一种分支节点,包括:
存储器,配置为存储可执行程序;
处理器,配置为通过执行所述存储器中存储的可执行程序时,实现本发明实施例提供的区块链网络应用方法。
第五方面,本发明实施例提供一种存储介质,存储有可执行程序,所述可执行程序被处理器执行时,实现本发明实施例提供的区块链网络应用方法。
本发明实施例具有这样的有益效果:
将区块链网络的一个或多个节点作为的分支节点,通过分支节点向服务范围内的用户提供基于区块链的服务,包括向区块链网络中的目标节点提交记录数据以写入新区块、以及确认创建的新区块,实现区块链服务可
以在用户侧实现的效果,表现在:
1)对于向区块链网络中提交记录数据来说,用户只需要提交记录数据以及接收记录数据的提交结果,其余的处理由分支节点与目标节点交互实现,用户的移动终端既不需要存储区块链,也不需要进行其他的计算,实现了节省存储空间和计算资源的效果。
2)对于在区块链中创建新区块来说,用户只需要发起创建新区块的请求,后续处理由分支节点完成,不需要再进行网络通信(直至接收到确认结果),从而实现了对创建的新区块进行离线确认的技术效果,减少用户侧移动终端频繁的网络操作,使得区块链服务可以在移动终端以节约通信资源的效果。
图1是本发明实施例中区块链网络的一个可选的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例中区块链一个可选的结构示意图;
图3A是本发明实施例中区块链一个可选的结构示意图;
图3B是本发明实施例中区块链一个可选的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例中区块链网络的一个可选的结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例中分支节点的一个可选的软硬件结构示意图;
图6A是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户确认交易的一个可选的流程示意图;
图6B是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户确认交易的一个可选的流程示意图;
图6C是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户确认交易的一个可选的场景示意图;
图6D是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户确认交易的一个可选的场景示意图;
图7是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户在区块链中请求创建新区块的一个可选的流程示意图;
图8是本发明实施例中区块链网络应用于供应链时区块中写入供应链记录的一个可选的示意图;
图9是本发明实施例中分支节点的一个可选的功能结构示意图;
图10是本发明实施例中分支节点为用户确认交易的一个可选的流程示意图。
以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所提供的实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
另外,以下所提供的实施例是用于实施本发明的部分实施例,而非提供实施本发明的全部实施例,在不冲突的情况下,本发明实施例记载的技术方案可以任意组合的方式实施。
对本发明实施例进行进一步详细说明之前,对本发明实施例中涉及的名词和术语进行说明。
1)虚拟货币,本发明实施例中指加密互联网货币,是以密码学为基础的加密数字货币,包括比特币、莱特币以及其他类似的衍生币种。
2)区块(Block),是一个存储记录数据的基本单元,例如存储虚拟货币交易的记录数据,各个区块之间通过随机散列算法(也称哈希算法)实现链接(Chain),后一个区块的区块头(区块的头部)包含前一个区块的哈希值,从而将区块与区块相继接续而形成区块链。
3)区块链(Block Chain),多个节点通过一串使用密码学方法相关联产生区块,区块采用“区块头+区块体”的结构,区块头中用于验证记录数据的有效性的数据、以及前一个区块的索引数据,区块体中包含了一定时间(如10分钟)内的记录数据。
从功能结构上讲,区块链是一群分散的节点运行的分布式数据库,用以存储各种记录数据如虚拟货币交易的记录数据。从数据结构层面上讲,区块链中包括一系列的区块,新区块一旦加入到区块链中就不会再被修改和删除,区块中包含了记录数据,用于验证记录数据的有效性(以实现记录数据的防伪效果)和生成下一个区块。
以比特币为例,比特币的交易依赖于运行区块链的节点的确认,当比特币交易被一节点首次确认时,对应的记录数据被添加到区块链中的最新区块,该交易的记录数据被区块链网络中的其他节点继续确认免交易重复,当在足够的节点中得到确认(也就是在区块记录数据该交易)时交易得到最终确认,此时交易不可逆转。
4)数字签名,涉及哈希函数、发送方的公钥和发送方的私钥。发送方利用不对称加密算法的私钥,对需要发送的记录数据(如记录数据的摘要)进行加密形成,接收方与发送方预先约定的不对称加密算法和公钥,利用不对称加密算法的公钥对数字签名解密得到摘要,并与直接利用记录数据计算得到的摘要进行比对,比对一致,说明记录数据来自发送方,并且是完整的也即没有经过篡改。
5)分支节点,区块链网络中用于向用户提供服务(如,向区块链网络中提交记录数据进行确认)的节点,每个分支节点用于向的一个或多个用户定向提供区块链服务,分支节点与用户的移动终端之间使用加密通道进行通信。
6)目标节点,与分支节点相对应,对于一个分支节点来说,区块链网络中除该分支节点以外的节点,称为相对于该分支节点的目标节点,分支节点发送到区块链网络中的记录数据,由预定数量的目标节点进行确认并记录到相应目标节点的区块链时,记录数据才有效。
本发明实施例提供区块链网络,参见图1示出的比特币的区块链网络
100的一个可选的结构示意图,区块链网络是由多个节点组成的点对点(P2P,Peer To Peer)网络,P2P是一个运行在TCP协议之上的应用层协议,在区块链网络中的节点彼此对等,网络中不存在中心节点,每个节点都可以随机连接其他节点,因此区块链网络具有去中心化的特点,即不依赖于某一个的节点。
参见图1示出的区块链网络100中节点的功能结构,区块链网络100中的节点可以具有以下功能:
1)路由功能,用于把其它节点发送过来的记录数据等信息再发送(例如,采用广播的方式)给更多的节点实现节点之间的通信。
另外,节点的完整功能还可以包括:
2)钱包,支持用户进行虚拟货币例如比特币的交易;
3)区块链,记录了比特币历史上的所有交易的记录数据,通过区块头部的结构保证历史记录数据的安全性,并且用来验证新记录数据的合法性;
4)矿工(挖矿),即节点通过确认记录数据以获得一定形式的奖励的过程,例如一定数量的虚拟货币的奖励。
以比特币为例,用户通过接收其他节点发送的记录数据以形成新区块(此时由于没有得到其他节点的确认,因此还未链接到区块链中成为合法的区块),并解密数学题作为来争取创建新区块的权限,如果用户解密数学题的答案被其他节点确认有效,则所创建的新区块会被确认为区块链中的合法的新区块,新区块的第一条记录数据是根据比特币算法,在创建新区块的阶段在新区块中预写入的记录数据,用于给予创建新区块的用户一定数量的比特币的奖励,比特币的接收地址为用户的比特币地址。
实际应用中,只有路由功能是区块链中的节点所必须的,根据实际需要节点中设置其他功能,例如,对于矿工节点来说可以只具有路由功能和矿工功能,部分节点可以只实现钱包功能,部分节点可以只实现挖矿功能。
可以理解,当应用于其他业务时,节点中运行的钱包客户端可以替换相应业务的客户端,例如用于提交和查询物流信息的物流客户端;此外,在一些业务的应用中,当区块链实施为私有链时,对于创建新区块而言可以缺省设置奖励的功能,或者采用区别于虚拟货币形式的奖励,例如积分。
基于图2对区块链的结构进行说明,参见图2示出的区块链200的一个可选的结构示意图,区块链以区块为单位存储的记录数据,区块链中的区块是按照时间顺序生成,每个区块用于记录一定时间内产生的记录数据。区块链中首先出现第一个区块也称为创世区块,由于记录数据会随时间不断增多,区块链中用于存储记录数据的区块的数量也不断增多。
除了创世区块,节点存储的区块链中每个区块都会存储有前一个区块的索引如哈希散列,因此区块之间基于索引而链接成为区块链。由于区块链中的区块根据时间顺序生成的,通过在创世区块中基于创世区块的生成时间,区块链中的区块的先后顺序相当于实现了时间戳的效果,同时每个区块存储有前一区块的索引,形成彼此相连的“账页”,使得区块链中的记录数据具有不可伪造的特性。
参见图3A和图3B示出的区块结构(Block Structure)一个可选的示意图,区块分为区块头(Header)和区块体(Body)两部分。区块体中会记录下区块生成时间段内的记录数据,区块链的其他功能通过区块头实现,下面进行说明。
区块头包括:
1)版本号,标识软件及协议的相关版本信息。
2)区块哈希值(父哈希),区块所链接的前一区块(也称为父区块)的区块头的哈希值,通过随机散列算法如SHA256算法对父区块的区块头进行二次哈希计算得到;区块首尾相连而链接形成区块链,并且保证区块链的安全性,防止记录数据的篡改。
3)梅克尔树(Merkle)树根,这个值是由区块体中所有记录数据的哈希值再次进行哈希计算得到的数值,主要用于检验记录数据(如一笔比特币的交易)是否在该区块中存在。
4)时间戳,记录区块产生的时间。
5)难度值,区块相关数学题的难度目标;
6)随机数(Nonce),解密该区块相关数学题的答案的值。
在本发明可选实施例中,作为区块链技术在应用到移动终端的一个示例,由移动终端运行如图1所示的节点,存在以下问题:
一、区块链需要存储在移动终端本地,占用移动终端大量的存储资源。
在实现区块链功能时,则需要在移动终端本地存储区块链,由于区块链中记录的数据不断增长,导致移动终端存储空间的大量占用。
二、以区块链的比特币应用为例,比特币的交易发生时消耗移动终端的通信资源和计算资源。
例如,运行图1所示的挖矿和钱包功能,比特币的交易发生时需要区块链中节点立即确认,相应地,移动端中存储的区块链也需要进行更新,导致移动端通信流量的大量耗费,并且,移动终端本地需要通过哈希计算对发生的交易进行确认,例如,通过哈希计算确认区块的编号有效;确认前一区块的编号有效;通过回溯确认记录数据有效。这个过程需要花费移动终端大量的计算资源。
针对图1示出的区块链网络在移动终端应用时存在的前述的问题,本发明实施例提供一种如下的区块链网络,在区块链网络中包括多个节点,并且构成区块链网络的节点中至少存在一个分支节点,分支节点用于定向为用户提供基于区块链的服务。
分支节点所定向提供区块链服务的用户的数量可以为一个或多个;作
为示例,以链路最近策略为每个用户定向设置一个链路最短的节点作为分支节点,作为定向提供区块链服务的分支节点,则用户称为相应分支节点的用户。
当然,为用户设定分支节点的策略不局限于此,例如,还可以采取随机分配策略,为用户随机分配一个节点作为定向提供区块链服务的分支节点,减小延迟;又例如,还可以采取基于分支节点的负载均衡的策略,选取负载最小的节点,保证向用户提供区块链服务的效率。
参见图4示出的区块链网络的一个可选的结构示意图,在图4示出的区块链网络中包括多个节点,节点都具有路由功能以通过以太网进行点对点的通信(如发送记录数据),部分节点作为分支节点如分支节点41和分支节点42,每个分支节点用于向的一个或多个用户的移动终端提供区块链服务,以图4为例,分支节点41向用户的移动终端(包括移动终端44和移动终端45)提供基于区块链的服务。
作为示例,在图4中,移动终端44和移动终端45通过无线接入点43接入网络以与分支节点41通信;类似地,分支节点42向用户的移动终端(包括移动终端47和移动终端48)提供基于区块链的服务,移动终端47和移动终端48通过无线接入点46接入网络以与分支节点42通信。
实际应用中,任何机器如服务器、用户的台式计算机都可以加入区块链网络而成为节点,一般地,当分支节点基于服务器或服务器集群实现时,分支节点也可称为分支服务器。在硬件层面上,示例性地,参见图5示出的分支节点50的一个可选的软硬件结构示意图,分支节点包括硬件层、驱动层、操作系统层和协议层。
然而,本领域的技术人员应当理解,图5示出的分支节点50的结构仅为示例,并不构成对分支节点50结构的限定。例如,分支节点50可以根据实施需要设置较图5更多的组件,或者根据实施需要省略设置部分组件。
分支节点50的硬件层包括处理器51、输入/输出接口53,存储介质54以及网络接口52,组件可以经系统总线连接通信。
处理器51可以采用中央处理器(CPU)、微处理器(MCU,Microcontroller Unit)、专用集成电路(ASIC,Application Specific Integrated Circuit)或逻辑可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field-Programmable Gate Array)实现。
输入/输出接口53可以采用如显示屏、触摸屏、扬声器等输入/输出器件实现。
存储介质54可以采用闪存、硬盘、光盘等非易失性存储介质实现,也可以采用双倍率(DDR,Double Data Rate)动态缓存等易失性存储介质实现,其中存储有用以执行上述区块链网络应用方法的可执行指令。
示例性地,存储介质54可以与分支服务器50共同在同一地点设置,也可以相对于分支节点50异地远程地分布式设置,或者相对分支节点50本地和异地分布设置。网络接口52向处理器51提供外部数据如异地设置的存储介质54的访问能力,示例性地,网络接口52可以实现如基于码分多址(CDMA,Code Division Multiple Access)、宽带码分多址(WCDMA,Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)等通信制式及其演进制式的通信。
驱动层包括用于供操作系统56识别硬件层并与硬件层各组件通信的中间件55,例如可以为针对硬件层的各组件的驱动程序的集合。
操作系统层的操作系统56用于提供面向用户的图形界面,示例性地,包括插件图标、桌面背景和应用图标,操作系统56支持用户经由图形界面对设备的控制本发明实施例对上述设备的软件环境如操作系统类型、版本不做限定,例如可以是安卓操作系统、iOS操作系统、Linux操作系统或UNIX操作系统等。
协议层包括协议57,根据业务运行相应的协议,以支持比特币业务为例,包括支持区块链相关功能如钱包、挖矿等的比特币协议。
下面,以支持存储比特币交易的记录数据的区块链网络为例,继续对分支节点定向为用户提供基于区块链的服务进行说明,可以理解,当区块链用于存储比特币交易的记录数据之外的用途,如存储金融、公正、供应链、身份验证、纳税、学历证明等相关业务的记录数据时,本领域技术人员可以基于以下记载的方案而进行实施。
就分支节点支持向用户(也就是分支节点提供定向的区块链服务的一个或多个用户)提供的基于区块链的服务来说,包括:
1)支持用户进行比特币的交易
在用户提交比特币交易的记录数据时,在区块链中同步交易的记录数据,以对交易进行确认,向用户返回交易的提交结果,如交易得到确认(包括当前确认交易的目标节点的数量),或者,交易失败以及失败原因。
2)支持用户进行挖矿
在每个区块的生产周期中,收集区块链网络中广播的记录数据添加到新区块中,利用移动终端的计算能力,或者用户的其他设备的计算能力,尝试计算出创建新区块的数学题的答案(满足预定条件的随机数),当计算出答案时,将答案连同创建的新区块通过分支节点发送(如广播)到目标节点,向分支节点请求确认创建的新区块;
分支节点在区块链网络中请求目标节点(例如,以广播的方式)确认用户创建的新区块(作为区块链中的最新区块),答案被目标节点验证正确时,目标节点确认用户创建的新区块为合法区块,将新区块链接到分支节点维护的区块链中,并广播确认,当分支接收到足够数量的确认时,即向用户返回创建新区块成功;用户凭借在新区块中预写入的记录数据(即,转账给用户一定数量的比特币)获得一定数量的比特币奖励。
下面再对实现上述基于区块链的服务的实现过程进行说明。
1)比特币交易
结合图4,下述的分支节点可以为分支节点41和分支节点42中的任一个,用户为分支节点定向提供基于区块链的服务的用户(也简称为用户),如对应分支节点41的用户侧的移动终端44和移动终端45的用户,又如对应分支节点42的用户侧的移动终端47和移动终端48的用户。
参见图6A示出的分支节点为用户支持进行比特币交易的一个可选的流程示意图,用户通过移动终端运行的客户端(如比特币钱包应用)发起比特币交易,例如扫描其他用户的比特币地址图形码的方式,向其他用户支付一定数量的比特币,客户端向分支节点提交记录数据(步骤101),记录数据中包括比特币的发送方的地址、接收方的地址、交易的比特币的数量;分支节点采用将记录数据广播给区块链中目标节点的方式,向区块链网络请求确认记录数据(步骤102)。
在一个实施例中,用户提交的记录数据中还可以携带用户针对记录数据形成的数字签名,示例性地,用户的移动终端使用这样的方式形成数字签名:使用哈希算法计算记录数据的摘要,使用不对称加密算法的私钥对记录数据的摘要加密形成数字签名。
示例性地,比特币私钥是使用SHA-256算法生成的32字节(256位)的随机数,有效私钥的范围则取决于比特币使用的secp256k1椭圆曲线数字签名标准。大小介于0x1到0xFFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFE BAAE DCE6 AF48 A03B BFD2 5E8C D036 4140之间的数都是合法的私钥。
在私钥的前面加上版本号,私钥后面添加压缩标志和附加校验码(所谓附加校验码,对私钥经过2次SHA-256运算,取两次哈希结果的前四字节),然后再对其进行Base58编码,得到钱包导入格式(WIF,Wallet import Format)格式的私钥。
对于分支节点发送至区块链中的用户提交的记录数据,区块链网络中
的目标节点基于记录数据的数字签名,可以验证记录数据的来源(是否来自用户)以及记录数据的完整性,避免记录数据被篡改。对于区块链中接收到记录数据的目标节点来说,如果对用户提交的记录数据验证通过后,即将用户创建并提交的新区块作为合法区块,在所维护的区块链中存储(在所维护的区块链的最新区块的区块体中存储)记录数据后,会向分支节点发送针对记录数据的确认(步骤103)。
当用户的记录数据得到区块链中预定数量的节点(如区块链网络中超过半数的节点,或者区块链中全部的节点,这里仍假设节点具有维护区块链的功能)的确认时,分支节点认为用户提交的记录数据得到区块链网络中目标节点的确认,向用户的移动终端发送确认交易成功(步骤104)。
示例性地,区块链中的分支节点可以采用这样的方式验证用户提交的记录数据:采用哈希算法(与用户的移动终端使用相同哈希算法)计算接收到的记录数据的摘要,与利用不对称加密算法的公钥解密数字签名得到的摘要比对,比对一致则说明记录数据是来自用户,即记录数据是可信的,分支节点以及区块链中接收到记录数据的节点会将记录数据存储在自身所维护区块链(这里假设接收到记录数据的节点具有前述的区块链功能)的最新的区块中(当然,在最新区块的区块体中存储)。
作为一个示例,如前所述,由于分支节点本身也是区块链网络中的一个节点,与区块链网络中目标节点的区别在于还为用户支持比特币的交易的功能,因此,如果分支节点自身也存储有区块链功能时,那么对于用户提交的记录数据,分支节点可以采用前述的验证方式对记录数据的完整性以及来源(是否为来自用户)进行验证,在验证通过时,在分支节点自身维护的区块链(这里,假设分支节点也具有维护区块链的功能)的最新区块的区块体中存储记录数据。
与前述示例不同,参见图6B示出的分支节点为用户支持进行比特币交
易的一个可选的流程示意图,分支节点向用户提供基于区块链的服务之前,可以与用户侧的客户端如移动终端进行认证(步骤105),以下示例性说明。
例如,单向认证:1)分支节点对用户的移动终端进行认证;2)用户的移动终端对分支节点进行认证。
又例如,双向认证,分支节点对用户的移动终端进行认证,并且用户的移动终端对分支节点进行认证。
在认证通过后分支节点与用户的移动终端建立加密通道(步骤106),如基于安全传输层协议(TLS,Transport Layer Security)的加密连接。这样在分支节点接收到用户提交的记录数据时,可以省略对记录数据进行验证的处理,即将通过加密通道提交的记录数据都确定为可信,直接在分支节点维护的区块链中写入记录数据。
当然,对于区块链中的目标节点,分支节点仍然需要将用户提交的记录数据发送到区块链中请求确认。对于用户B来讲,用户B的移动终端在向区块链查询所拥有的比特币时即可显示用户A发送的比特币的数量,但是由于尚未得到目标节点的确认,交易的清单没有写入最新的区块中,因此用户B还无法使用用户A发送的比特币。
结合图6C和图6D示出的比特币交易的可选的场景示意图进行说明。
用户A需要向用户B发送一定数量的比特币,用户A通过移动终端(如通过移动终端设置的比特币钱包)创建记录数据,包括用户A的发送地址、用户B的接收地址以及比特币的数量,示例性地,用户B的接收地址可以通过用户A手动输入、扫码等方式获取;记录数据中还携带用户A的数字签名,通过加密通道向分支节点请求确认交易(如前所述,分支节点与用户A的移动终端可以预先进行双向认证并建立加密通道)。此时,用户A的移动终端发送的比特币显示为“已发送、待确认”的状态。
分支节点首先对交易进行确认:在分支节点存储的区块链中写入记录
数据,并将记录数据在区块链的目标节点中进行广播,使区块链中的目标节点基于记录数据的数字签名进行验证,在验证通过时在目标节点的区块链中写入记录数据,并在区块链中广播确认记录数据。
当分支节点接收区块链针对所广播的记录数据的足够数量的确认时,向用户A的移动终端返回交易成功,在用户A的移动终端中发送的比特币显示为“已发送、已确认”的状态,同时用户B的移动终端在向区块链查询用户B所有的比特币的数量时,在用户B的移动终端中显示用户A发送的比特币的数量,用户B可以使用用户A发送的比特币,交易至此完成。
可以看出,对于用户A来讲,只需要通过分支节点提交记录数据,后续不需要联网并参与运算,有效节省了用户A移动终端的通信资源以及计算资源。
2)挖矿
结合图4,下述的分支节点可以为分支节点41和分支节点42中的任一个,分支节点定向为用户提供基于区块链的服务,如对应分支节点41的用户侧的移动终端44和移动终端45的用户,又如对应分支节点42的用户侧的移动终端47和移动终端48的用户。
结合图7示出的分支节点为用户支持进行挖矿的一个可选的流程示意图进行说明,用户向为该用户提供挖矿服务支持的分支节点请求提交到区块链网络的记录数据的清单(步骤201),如前所述,当用户发起交易时会通过对应的分支节点提交记录数据请求区块链中的节点进行确认,分支节点得到收集到最近的一定时间(是指创建区块链中最新区块的有效时间,如最近的十分钟)发送到区块链中的记录数据并存储到区块链的最新的区块中。
在用户通过移动终端请求记录数据时,即将最新的区块中的记录数据发送给用户的移动终端(步骤202),由移动终端组织最近的一定时间记录
数据(步骤203),在创建区块链中最新区块的有效时间内未到达时,分支节点会继续将接收到的新的记录数据发送到用户的移动终端以对移动终端组织的记录数据进行更新(步骤204)。
仍以图4为例,当移动终端45的用户向移动终端44的用户发送比特币时,移动终端45中的客户端向区块链发送记录数据,从而区块链中的目标节点如分支节点46接收到了记录数据,在对记录数据验证通过后即将记录数据存储在自身所维护的区块链中的最新区块(也可以视为最后的一个区块)。当移动终端47的用户通过客户端请求记录数据的清单时,分支节点46将区块链中最后的一个区块中的记录数据发送给移动终端47的客户端。
移动终端通过记录数据的清单计算出相应新区块的哈希值(步骤205)也就是前述的Merkle树根。示例性地,假设记录数据的清单中四笔交易,分别是A、B、C和D,首先将交易数据通过两次SHA256算法生成一个32字节的哈希值,这些值作为叶子节点存储在Merkle树中,然后把相邻叶子节点的两个32字节的哈希值串联成一个64字节的字符串,再对这个字符串通过两次SHA256算法生成一个32字节的哈希值作为这两个叶子节点的父节点存入Merkle树中,以此类推,最终形成记录数据的统一的哈希值。
如前所述,区块头包括区块哈希值(父哈希)、Merkle树根、时间戳、难度值和Nonce;其中,对于新区块的区块头来说,父哈希是上一个区块的哈希值(已知),Merkle树根可由移动终端通过上述的步骤205计算得到,另外,移动终端可以将时间戳填充为当前时间,难度值字段也会根据之前一段时间区块的平均生成时间进行调整得到,对于Nonce的值,移动终端通过计算得到的Nonce需要得到满足如下的条件(也称为数学难题):当Nonce值为移动终端计算出的随机数时,新区块的区块头的SHA256哈
希值小于区块头中的难度值。
当移动终端计算出满足上述条件的Nonce的值时,将计算出的Nonce的值填充到新区块头部的相应字段,移动终端已经计算得到新区块的完整头部,即向分支节点发起针对新区块的确认(步骤206),分支节点将移动终端请求确认的新区块(包括计算出的区块头的字段如Nonce的值,以及区块体中的记录数据)向区块链网络以广播的方式公开请求确认(步骤207),区块链网络中的节点对接收到的新区块时,验证新区块的区块头中的值是否满足上述的条件,如果满足,则承认用户的移动终端创建的新区块作为区块链中的合法的新区块,将新区块链接到各节点维护的区块链中,向分支节点发送确认。
同时,移动终端在创建的新区块中的区块体中还添加有以用户的比特币地址为接收地址的记录数据(一般地,称为生产记录数据),用户接收一定数量的比特币作为创建新区块的奖励(步骤208)。分支节点向用户的移动终端返回新区块创建成功、以及获得一定数量的比特币奖励(步骤209)。
可以看出,对于用户A来讲,只需要通过分支节点提交在移动终端提交计算出的Nonce的值,分支服务器即可为客户端在区块链中请求确认新区块并为用户获取奖励,对于移动终端来说,不需要持续进行网络通信,也不需要进除计算Nonce的值之外的其他运算,节省了流量和计算资源。
需要指出的是,前述以区块链网络应用于比特币的交易以及比特币挖矿领域的实施为例进行说明,但不应视为对本发明实施例提供的区块链网络应用领域的限定,以下再以本发明实施例提供的如图4所示的区块链网络应用于供应链为例进行说明。
参见图8示出供应链时区块链网络中各节点维护的区块的一个可选的示意图,在图8中,分支服务器向供应链不同环节的工作人员提供提交商品运输进度的服务,以农场环节为例,工作人员通过在移动终端中安装的
运输管理客户端,可以实时在客户端中更新商品的运输进度。
当农场的工作人员1将商品从农场向处理中心运输后,在移动终端中提交记录1,对应的分支节点将记录1发送到区块链网络中请求确认,使得农场中的其他工作人员2通过移动终端(此时其他工作人员2的移动终端成为区块链网络中的目标节点)也接收到记录1,当农场足够数量的工作人员2通过对应的分支节点确认记录1后,记录1被写入区块链的区块体中,由于记录1需要农场多个工作人员2的移动终端通过对应的分支服务器进行确认后,然后经由工作人员1对应的分支服务器向工作人员1的移动终端返回记录1确认消息,因此避免了篡改和伪造的可能。
同理,当商品进入处理中心、进入仓储、向交易中心的运输途中以及到达交易中心的阶段,相应阶段的工作人员通过移动终端提交对应阶段的记录,当足够数量的工作人员确认后记录以不可更改的方式存储,保证了各个阶段的进度可精确追溯的效果;并且,工作人员的移动终端不会持续与区块链网络通信并参与相关的运算,从而节省流量和计算资源。
对前述分支节点的逻辑功能结构进行示例性说明,参见图9示出的分支节点90的一个可选的逻辑功能结构示意图,包括:
存储单元91,配置为与区块链网络中的多个节点分别存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所述区块而形成区块链;
记录数据单元92,配置为当接收到用户提交的记录数据时,将所述记录数据发送至所述区块链网络中的目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点,根据目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,向所述用户返回记录数据提交结果;
新区块单元93,配置为当接收到所述用户创建新区块的请求时,将所述新区块发送到所述区块链网络中目标节点,根据目标节点验证所述新区
块的结果向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
在一个实施例中,所述记录数据单元92,还配置为当接收到携带所述用户数字签名的所述记录数据时,向目标节点发送所述记录数据,当预定数量的目标节点验证成功、存储所述提交的记录数据、并返回有效确认结果时,向所述用户返回提交的记录数据得到确认。
在一个实施例中,所述记录数据单元92,还配置为基于所述提交的记录数据携带的所述用户的数字签名,验证所述记录数据的完整性以及来源为所述用户,验证通过时在所述分支节点维护的区块链中写入所述提交的记录数据。
在一个实施例中,所述新区块单元93,还配置为将从所述区块链网络中新获取的记录数据发送至所述用户,所述记录数据供所述用户计算得到满足预定条件的随机数,在所述新区块的区块头(即区块头部)中填充所述计算出的随机数,并基于所述区块头以及所述新获取的记录数据形成所述新区块。
在一个实施例中,所述新区块单元93,还配置为当所述区块链中目标节点验证所述随机数满足所述预定条件、并在所对应维护的区块链中写入所述新区块时,向所述用户返回创建新区块成功。
在一个实施例中,所述新区块单元93,还配置为在所述记录数据为虚拟货币的记录数据、且所述区块链中目标节点确认所述新区块时,基于所述新区块中预写入的以所述用户的地址为接收地址的记录数据,为所述用户获取虚拟货币。
在一个实施例中,所述新区块单元93,所述分支节点还包括:认证加密单元94,配置为与所述用户进行认证,在认证通过时确定所述用户为定向提供基于区块链的服务的用户,并与所述用户建立配置为提供基于区块链的服务的加密通道。
再对前述区块链网络以及分支节点所实施的区块链网络应用方法进行说明,区块链网络的多个节点中具有至少一个分支节点,如图10所示,区块链网络应用方法可以包括:
步骤301,分支节点接收到用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据。
将根据步骤302和步骤303是分支节点接收到记录数据的响应进行说明。
步骤302,分支节点将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点。
步骤303,分支节点根据所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,通过与所述用户的加密通道,向所述用户返回所述记录数据的提交结果。
步骤304,分支节点接收到创建新区块的请求,所述请求为所述用户通过加密通道发送。
步骤305,分支节点将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点进行确认。
讲步骤306,分支节点接根据目标节点验证所述新区块的结果向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
在一个实施例中,所述根据所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,通过所述分支节点与所述用户的加密通道,向所述用户返回记录数据提交结果,包括:
当通过所述加密通道接收到来自所述用户的所述记录数据时,
向所述目标节点发送所述记录数据,当预定数量的所述目标节点验证数字签名成功、存储所述提交的记录数据、并返回有效确认结果时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回提交的记录数据得到确认。
在一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
当基于所述提交的记录数据携带的数字签名,验证所述记录数据的完
整性、以及来源为所述用户时,在所述分支节点维护的区块链中写入所述用户提交的记录数据。
在一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
将从所述区块链网络中获取的记录数据发送至所述用户,获得所述用户计算得到满足预定条件的随机数;
在所述新区块的头部中填充所述计算出的随机数,并基于所述头部以及所述获取的记录数据形成所述新区块。
在一个实施例中,所所述向所述用户返回记录数据的提交结果,包括:
当所述目标节点验证所述随机数满足所述预定条件、并在所对应维护的区块链中写入所述新区块时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块成功。
在一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
当所述记录数据为虚拟货币的记录数据、且所述目标节点确认所述新区块时,基于所述新区块中预写入的记录数据,确定所述用户获取的虚拟货币的数量,所述预写入的记录数据以所述用户的地址为虚拟货币的接收地址。
在一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:
与所述用户进行认证,在认证通过时确定向所述用户定向提供区块链服务,并与所述用户建立用于提供区块链服务的所述加密通道。
本发明实施例还提供了一种存储介质,例如包括计算机程序的存储器,上述可执行程序可由处理器执行,以完成本发明实施例前述提供的区块链应用方法所述步骤。存储介质可以是只读存储器(ROM,Read Only Memory)、可编程只读存储器(PROM,Programmable Read-Only Memory)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM,Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)、闪存(Flash Memory)、磁表面存储器、光盘、或只读光盘
(CD-ROM,Compact Disc Read-Only Memory)等存储器;也可以是包括上述存储器之一或任意组合的各种设备,如移动电话、计算机、平板设备、个人数字助理等。
综上所述,本发明实施例具有以下有益效果:
将区块链的一个或多个节点作为的分支节点,通过分支节点向服务范围内的用户(应用)提供基于区块链的服务,包括提交记录数据、以及确认创建的新区块,使得区块链服务可以在用户侧实现的效率,表现在:
1)对于向区块链网络中提交记录数据来说,用户只需要提交记录数据以及接收记录数据的提交结果,其余的处理有分支节点与目标节点交互实现,用户既不需要存储区块链,也不需要进行其他的计算,实现了节省存储空间和计算资源的效果。
2)对于在区块链中创建新区块来说,用户至需要发起创建新区块的请求,后续不需要再进行网络通信(直至接收到确认结果),从而实现了对创建的新区块进行离线确认的技术效果,减少用户侧频繁的网络操作,节省了用户的流量和计算资源,保证用户侧终端的续航性能。
3)分支节点与分支节点所提供区块链服务的用户进行认证,并在认证通过后使用加密通道进行区块链业务,保证了数据安全。
4)对于用户提交的记录数据,分支节点由于已经与用户进行了认证,即认为用户总是可信的,因此可以在维护的区块链中直接写入用户提交的记录数据,在区块链网络中目标节点确认记录数据时可以理解向用户返回确认结果(而不必等待写入分支节点的区块链中),进一步提升了为用户确认交易的效率。
本领域的技术人员可以理解:实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成,前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤;而
前述的存储介质包括:移动存储通信状态处理装置、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
或者,本发明上述集成的单元如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机通信状态处理装置(可以是个人计算机、服务器、或者网络通信状态处理装置等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分。而前述的存储介质包括:移动存储通信状态处理装置、RAM、ROM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (17)
- 一种区块链网络,包括:节点,数量为多个,配置为存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所存储的区块而形成区块链;所述多个节点中包括至少一个分支节点,配置为接收用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;所述分支节点,还配置为根据有效确认结果的数量,所述有效确认结果为所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回,通过加密通道向所述用户返回所述记录数据的提交结果;所述分支节点,还配置为接收创建新区块的请求,所述请求为所述用户通过所述加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点,根据所述目标节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
- 如权利要求1所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为当接收到所述记录数据时,向所述目标节点发送所述记录数据;当预定数量的所述目标节点验证数字签名成功、存储所述提交的记录数据、并返回有效确认结果时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回提交的记录数据得到确认。
- 如权利要求1所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为当基于所述用户提交的记录数据携带的数字签名,验证所述记录数据的完整性、以及来源为所述用户时,在所述分支节点维护的区块链中写入所述用户提交的记录数据。
- 如权利要求1所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为将从所述区块链网络中获取的记录数据发送 至所述用户,获得所述用户计算得到的满足预定条件的随机数;在所述新区块的头部填充所述计算出的随机数,并基于所述头部以及所述获取的记录数据形成所述新区块。
- 如权利要求4所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为当所述目标节点验证所述随机数满足所述预定条件、并在所对应维护的区块链中写入所述新区块时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块成功。
- 如权利要求1所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为当所述记录数据为虚拟货币的记录数据、且目标节点确认所述新区块时,基于所述新区块中预写入的记录数据,确定所述用户获取的虚拟货币的数量,所述预写入的记录数据以所述用户的地址为虚拟货币的接收地址。
- 如权利要求1所述的区块链网络,其中,所述分支节点,还配置为与所述用户进行认证,在认证通过时确定向所述用户定向提供区块链服务,并与所述用户建立用于提供区块链服务的所述加密通道。
- 一种分支节点,设置于区块链网络中,包括:存储单元,配置为存储包括记录数据的区块,并链接所存储的区块而形成区块链;记录数据单元,配置为接收用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;所述记录数据单元,还配置为根据有效确认结果的数量,所述有效确认结果为所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回所述记录数据的提交结果;新区块单元,配置为接收创建新区块的请求,所述请求为所述用户通过所述加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点,根据所述目标节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
- 一种区块链网络应用方法,包括:区块链网络的多个节点中具有至少一个分支节点;当所述分支节点接收到用户通过加密通道提交的记录数据时,将所述记录数据发送至目标节点,所述目标节点为所述区块链网络中接收到所述记录数据的所述分支节点以外的节点;根据所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,通过与所述用户的加密通道,向所述用户返回所述记录数据的提交结果;当接收到创建新区块的请求时,所述请求为所述用户通过加密通道发送,将所述新区块发送到所述目标节点进行确认;根据所述目标节点验证所述新区块的结果,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块的结果。
- 如权利要求9所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,所述根据所述目标节点针对所述记录数据返回的有效确认结果的数量,通过所述分支节点与所述用户的加密通道,向所述用户返回记录数据提交结果,包括:当通过所述加密通道接收到来自所述用户的所述记录数据时,向所述目标节点发送所述记录数据,当预定数量的所述目标节点验证数字签名成功、存储所述提交的记录数据、并返回有效确认结果时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回提交的记录数据得到确认。
- 如权利要求9所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,还包括:当基于所述提交的记录数据携带的数字签名,验证所述记录数据的完整性、以及来源为所述用户时,在所述分支节点维护的区块链中写入所述 用户提交的记录数据。
- 如权利要求9所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,还包括:将从所述区块链网络中获取的记录数据发送至所述用户,获得所述用户计算得到满足预定条件的随机数;在所述新区块的头部中填充所述计算出的随机数,并基于所述头部以及所述获取的记录数据形成所述新区块。
- 如权利要求12所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,所述向所述用户返回记录数据的提交结果,包括:当所述目标节点验证所述随机数满足所述预定条件、并在所对应维护的区块链中写入所述新区块时,通过所述加密通道向所述用户返回创建新区块成功。
- 如权利要求9所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,还包括:当所述记录数据为虚拟货币的记录数据、且所述目标节点确认所述新区块时,基于所述新区块中预写入的记录数据,确定所述用户获取的虚拟货币的数量,所述预写入的记录数据以所述用户的地址为虚拟货币的接收地址。
- 如权利要求9所述的区块链网络应用方法,其中,所述与用户协商建立加密通道,包括:与所述用户进行认证,在认证通过时确定向所述用户定向提供区块链服务,并与所述用户建立用于提供区块链服务的所述加密通道。
- 一种分支节点,包括:存储器,配置为存储可执行程序;处理器,配置为通过执行所述存储器中存储的可执行程序时,实现权利要求9至15任一项所述的区块链网络应用方法。
- 一种存储介质,存储有可执行程序,所述可执行程序被处理器执 行时,实现权利要求9至15任一项所述的区块链网络应用方法。
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