WO2018045748A1 - 电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018045748A1
WO2018045748A1 PCT/CN2017/080127 CN2017080127W WO2018045748A1 WO 2018045748 A1 WO2018045748 A1 WO 2018045748A1 CN 2017080127 W CN2017080127 W CN 2017080127W WO 2018045748 A1 WO2018045748 A1 WO 2018045748A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
phase
grid
angle
power
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/080127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
倪卫涛
蒋世用
张雪芬
李建华
娄贺伟
王京
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Priority to US16/322,031 priority Critical patent/US10700522B2/en
Publication of WO2018045748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018045748A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of grid connection, and in particular to a voltage drop, method, device and system for grid connection of electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 According to a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic air conditioning system of the prior art, as shown in FIG. 1, the line voltage is collected for control.
  • the three phases are asymmetrical, and there is a large negative sequence and zero-sequence component in the line voltage, and then the voltage drop amplitude is determined to have certain limitations.
  • the working electrical equipment adopts the three-phase three-wire system, and the switching power supply is directly taken to the direct current, and the line voltage is used for control.
  • the line voltage has a large negative sequence and zero sequence component, and the judgment is made. A large error will occur in the voltage drop.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a device, and a system for voltage drop and electrical equipment grid-connected processing, so as to solve at least a technical problem that a large error occurs when a three-phase asymmetric drop occurs to determine a voltage drop.
  • a voltage drop processing method including: detecting a voltage of each phase of a three-phase alternating current, wherein the voltage of the three-phase alternating current is a grid-connecting point of an electrical device having a grid-connected function Voltage; respectively, obtaining a drop amplitude of a voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current; in the case where a voltage of any one of the three-phase alternating currents is dropped, a falling amplitude of the phase voltage according to the voltage drop occurs
  • the value is reactive power compensation.
  • obtaining a drop amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current includes: acquiring a voltage of each phase, and virtualizing the voltages of the remaining two phases of the three-phase alternating current according to the voltage of the phase, wherein The voltages of the remaining two phases are symmetrical with the obtained voltage of the phase; according to the voltage of the phase and the remaining two phases The voltage of the phase takes the magnitude of the drop of the voltage of the phase.
  • the voltages of the remaining two phases are expressed as
  • obtaining a drop amplitude of the voltage of the phase according to the voltage of the phase and the voltage of the remaining two phases that are virtualized comprises: performing a Clark transform on the voltage of the phase and the voltage of the remaining two phases that are virtualized And Park transform to obtain a d-axis component; and obtain a drop amplitude of the voltage of the phase according to the d-axis component.
  • the method further includes: acquiring a voltage angle of the power grid; and controlling the grid connection of the electrical device according to the voltage angle.
  • controlling the grid connection of the electrical device according to the voltage angle comprises: acquiring the voltage angle if the voltage of the power grid does not fall to a threshold, and controlling the electrical device according to the voltage angle Grid-connected, and saves the voltage angle; if the voltage of the power grid drops below the threshold, the grid connection of the electrical device is controlled according to the voltage angle saved last time.
  • the electrical device comprises an air conditioner.
  • a method for grid-connecting an electrical device including: acquiring a voltage angle of a power grid; and acquiring the voltage angle if a voltage of the power grid does not fall to a threshold. Controlling the grid connection of the electrical device according to the voltage angle, and saving the voltage angle; if the voltage of the power grid drops below the threshold, controlling the electrical according to the voltage angle saved last time The grid of the device.
  • a control system comprising: a power generating device for generating power, wherein the power generated by the power generating device is used to supply power to the switching power supply, and is used for grid connection a switching power supply connected to the power generating device and the control device for supplying power to the control device; Connected to the switching power supply, the control device includes at least three inputs, wherein each input is used to input a voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current, wherein the voltage of the three-phase alternating current is a voltage of a grid-connected point The voltage of each phase is used to obtain a drop amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current; the magnitude of the fall of each phase voltage is used in the case where the voltage of the item falls. , the basis for reactive power compensation.
  • the power plant comprises a photovoltaic panel.
  • the power generating device is further configured to supply power to the air conditioner.
  • a voltage drop processing apparatus including: a first acquiring module, configured to acquire a voltage of each phase of the detected three-phase alternating current, wherein the three-phase alternating current The voltage is the voltage of the grid-connected point of the electrical equipment having the grid-connecting function; the second acquiring module is configured to respectively acquire the falling amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current; and a compensation module for the three-phase When the voltage of any one of the alternating currents drops, the reactive power compensation is performed according to the falling amplitude of the voltage of the phase in which the voltage is dropped.
  • an apparatus for grid-connecting electrical equipment including: a third acquisition module for acquiring a voltage angle of a power grid; and a grid-connecting processing module for voltage at the power grid Obtaining the voltage angle without dropping to a threshold, controlling grid connection of the electrical device according to the voltage angle, and saving the voltage angle; and dropping the voltage of the power grid below the threshold In the case, the grid connection of the electrical device is controlled according to the voltage angle saved last time.
  • the falling amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current is separately obtained; in the case that the voltage of any one of the three-phase alternating currents is dropped, the voltage is dropped according to the occurrence of the voltage.
  • the voltage drop amplitude of the phase is subjected to reactive power compensation, which achieves the function of low voltage ride through of the electrical equipment, thereby solving the technical problem that a large error occurs in the judgment of the voltage drop caused by the three-phase asymmetric drop.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a photovoltaic air conditioning system in accordance with the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a voltage drop processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic air conditioning system with low voltage ride through in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of grid connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure of a voltage drop processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a grid-connected processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a voltage drop processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S202 detecting a voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current, wherein the voltage of the three-phase alternating current is a voltage of a grid-connected point of an electrical device having a grid-connecting function;
  • Step S204 respectively acquiring the drop amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current
  • step S206 when the voltage of any one of the three-phase alternating currents is dropped, the reactive power compensation is performed according to the falling amplitude of the phase voltage at which the voltage is dropped.
  • the three-phase alternating current is a commonly used transmission mode of the electrical equipment, and detects each phase voltage of the three-phase alternating current of the electrical equipment to obtain corresponding voltage data; the present invention detects the voltage data and the obtained drop The amplitude is judged accordingly.
  • any one of the three-phase alternating current voltage drops, it can be compensated according to the obtained falling amplitude; this can make the voltage reach the normal operation of the three-phase alternating current through the compensation measure when the voltage falls. .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic air conditioning system with low voltage crossing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a three-phase four-wire system (A, B, C three-phase, N) is adopted. Line), using three voltage sensors V of the same specification to detect the phase A, phase B, and phase C voltages, and then transmit them to the controller inside the photovoltaic air conditioning system.
  • the controller uses the sampled values to perform corresponding algorithm control.
  • the electric power supply mode remains unchanged.
  • the voltage of each phase can be obtained by Figure 3.
  • the falling amplitude of the voltage can be obtained in various ways, in this embodiment.
  • An optional manner is provided, in which the method includes: acquiring the voltage of each phase, and virtualizing the voltages of the other two phases in the three-phase alternating current according to the voltage of the phase, wherein the remaining virtual The voltage of the two phases is symmetric with the obtained voltage of the phase; the amplitude of the voltage of the phase is obtained according to the voltage of the phase and the voltages of the remaining two phases.
  • the phase voltages can be relatively independent, and the remaining two phase voltages are used for the phase voltage to obtain the drop amplitude.
  • the comparison of the two phase voltages with the phase voltage allows the drop amplitude to be more accurate.
  • the voltage of the phase and the voltages of the remaining two phases are subjected to Clark transform and Park transformation to obtain a d-axis component, and the drop amplitude of the voltage of the phase is obtained according to the d-axis component.
  • the Clark transform is the Clark transform
  • the Park transform is the Park transform
  • the voltage angle of the power grid in order to control the grid connection, can also be obtained, and then the grid connection of the electrical equipment is controlled according to the voltage angle, and there are many ways to obtain the grid voltage angle.
  • an optional is provided.
  • the voltage angle when the grid voltage is normal or the voltage of the grid does not fall to the threshold, the voltage angle is acquired, and the grid connection of the electrical equipment is controlled according to the voltage angle, and the The voltage angle can be used to store the angle of the grid voltage in real time with a variable ⁇ 1.
  • the angle of the grid voltage can be directly detected by the dual synchronous phase-locked loop, and the angle is used for algorithm control.
  • the grid connection of the electrical equipment is controlled according to the voltage angle saved last time; when a certain phase voltage of the power grid falls to a certain amplitude, it is lower than a certain threshold moment or In a switching cycle T, the angle calculated by the dual-synchronous phase-locked loop cannot truly reflect the grid angle, but is controlled by the grid-connected algorithm using the value stored in the previous switching cycle.
  • the judgment of the grid voltage is divided into two cases, one is that the grid voltage is normally operated and maintained within a reasonable range, and then a normal variable voltage operation data is stored through a variable when the grid When the voltage is abnormal, or when a drop occurs in a short period of time, it is recovered by the normal voltage data.
  • T is a switching cycle.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a grid-connecting method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the process may include the following steps:
  • Step S402 obtaining a voltage angle of the power grid
  • Step S404 if the voltage of the power grid does not fall to the threshold, obtain a voltage angle, control the grid connection of the electrical device according to the voltage angle, and save the voltage angle;
  • Step S406 in the case that the voltage of the power grid drops below the threshold, the grid connection of the electrical device is controlled according to the voltage angle saved last time.
  • the electrical equipment adopts a grid-connected connection mode, so that the line can operate relatively independently, and two different phase voltages can be constructed for each phase of the grid phase voltage.
  • how to obtain is obtained.
  • the voltage angle is controlled by the voltage angle, so that the grid connection method can be realized accordingly.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the system includes the following modules:
  • a power generation device 52 configured to perform power generation, wherein power generated by the power generation device is used to supply power to the switching power supply, and is used for grid connection;
  • the power generation device includes a photovoltaic panel;
  • a switching power supply 54 connected to the power generating device and the control device for supplying power to the control device;
  • control device 56 connected to the switching power supply, the control device comprising at least three inputs, wherein each input is for inputting a voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current, wherein the voltage of the three-phase alternating current is the voltage of the grid-connected point, each phase The voltage is used to obtain the falling amplitude of the voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current; the falling amplitude of each phase voltage is used to perform the reactive power compensation in the case where the voltage of the item falls.
  • the power generating device 52 can also be used to power the air conditioner.
  • the power generating device 52 is connected to the control device 56, and the positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to the switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply 54 takes power from the positive and negative busbars outputted by the power generating device, and the control device is a control board, other components, and a switching power supply. The combination of the control board is connected to the switching power supply and other components, and the external circuit is also connected. After the switching power supply takes power from the power generating device, the module such as the controller is powered.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a voltage drop processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the device includes the following modules:
  • a first obtaining module 62 configured to acquire a voltage of each phase of the detected three-phase alternating current, wherein the voltage of the three-phase alternating current is a voltage of a grid-connected point of the electrical device having the grid-connecting function;
  • a second obtaining module 64 configured to respectively acquire a drop amplitude of a voltage of each phase of the three-phase alternating current
  • the compensation module 66 is configured to perform reactive power compensation according to the falling amplitude of the voltage of the phase in which the voltage is dropped when the voltage of any one of the three-phase alternating currents is dropped.
  • the first obtaining module may be connected to the second acquiring module, and the second acquiring module is to obtain the falling amplitude of the voltage, and the first acquiring module performs reactive power compensation according to the falling amplitude of the second acquiring module;
  • the voltage drop processing device in the embodiment is mainly used for voltage drop processing.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a grid-connecting processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the device includes the following modules:
  • a third obtaining module 72 configured to acquire a voltage angle of the power grid
  • the grid-connected processing module 74 is configured to acquire a voltage angle when the voltage of the power grid does not fall to a threshold, control the grid connection of the electrical equipment according to the voltage angle, and save the voltage angle; and, when the voltage of the power grid falls below a threshold In this case, the grid connection of the electrical equipment is controlled according to the voltage angle stored last time.
  • the grid-connecting processing device of the electrical device is mainly used for grid-connecting processing of electrical equipment, and the grid-connecting processing module mainly determines whether the voltage angle is correct according to the voltage of the power grid and a given threshold value, when the voltage is low or directly reaches 0V.
  • the grid voltage angle is controlled by the grid-connected algorithm according to the value stored in the previous switching cycle, and the grid voltage angle is superimposed on its own.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 correspond to the two method embodiments described above, and the descriptions of the method embodiments are not described herein again.
  • the collected three-phase voltages of A, B, and C are not directly subjected to a clark transformation.
  • the phase A voltage is used to construct a virtual BA and CA phase voltage, and the symmetrical three-phase is virtualized.
  • the voltage A phase, the BA phase, and the CA phase voltage are subjected to a Clark and park conversion to obtain a d-axis component, thereby determining a phase voltage drop.
  • the drop amplitude of each phase can be judged.
  • phase A voltage can be expressed as:
  • the A phase reciprocal can be expressed as:
  • the constructed BA and CA phases can be expressed as:
  • the virtual symmetrical three-phase (A, BA, CA) voltage is used for dq conversion (instantaneous dq conversion method) to detect the drop amplitude of the single-phase voltage.
  • the reactive component of the current loop is compensated according to the magnitude of the drop.
  • the premise of the above control strategy is to accurately calculate the grid angle. Therefore, the present invention addresses the grid voltage extreme drop (drop to 0V), and solves the grid angle calculation problem that the grid voltage drops to 0V on the basis of the above control strategy.
  • the specific implementation method is as follows:
  • the PV air conditioning system directly detects the grid voltage angle ⁇ through the dual synchronous phase-locked loop.
  • the calculation result ⁇ is used to control the grid-connected algorithm, and the angle ⁇ is stored in real time by using a variable ⁇ 1.
  • the angle ⁇ calculated by the dual synchronous phase-locked loop cannot truly reflect the grid angle, but is used
  • the photovoltaic air conditioner works in a similar manner to the off-grid inverter.
  • the angle calculation when the grid voltage drops to 0V for a short period of time is still accurate, so that the related electrical equipment has a low voltage ride-through function, and the basic low voltage ride-through authentication condition is provided in the product certification phase, and in this embodiment, The low voltage ride-through function of the electrical equipment is enhanced against grid fluctuations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统。该方法包括：获取三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值（S204）；在该三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相的电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿（S206），使电气设备具备低电压穿越的功能，进而解决了三相不对称跌落时所导致的判断电压跌幅就会出现较大的差错的技术问题。

Description

电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及并网领域，具体而言，涉及一种电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
当前社会中，对具备并网功能的电气设备(例如，空调)在电网电压正常工作时，可以对电网电压的角度准确计算，但是当电网电压出现瞬时跌落的情况时，对电网电压的角度计算会有较大偏差；低电压穿越是国标考量并网设备性能的一项重要指标，在现有技术中，以传统逆变器为雏形设计的电气设备并不具备低电压穿越功能，图1是根据现有技术的光伏空调系统的示意图，如图1所示，采集线电压进行控制。若三相对称跌落的时，三相已不对称，线电压中有较大的负序、零序分量，再判断电压跌落幅值就有一定局限性。工作电气设备采用的是三相三线制，其开关电源直接取至直流，采用线间电压进行控制，发生三相不对称跌落时，线电压中有较大的负序、零序分量，其判断电压跌幅就会出现较大的差错。控制板其他组件
针对上述问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方法。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种电压跌落、电气设备并网处理方法、装置及系统，以至少解决三相不对称跌落时所导致的判断电压跌幅就会出现较大的差错的技术问题。
根据本发明实施例的一个方面，提供了一种电压跌落处理方法，包括：检测三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；分别获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；在所述三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。
可选地，获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值包括：获取每一相的电压，并根据该相的电压虚拟出所述三相交流电中其余两相的电压，其中，虚拟出的其余两相的电压与获取到的该相的电压对称；根据该相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相 的电压获取该相的电压的跌落幅值。
可选地，根据该相的电压虚拟出所述三相交流电中其余两相的电压包括：该相的电压表示为ua＝U sinωt，该项电压表示的倒数为u’a＝U ωcosωt，其余两相的电压表示为
Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-000001
可选地，根据该相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相的电压获取该相的电压的跌落幅值包括：对该相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相的电压进行Clark变换和Park变换得到d轴分量；根据所述d轴分量获取所述该相的电压的跌落幅值。
可选地，还包括：获取电网的电压角度；根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
可选地，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网包括：在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
可选地，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，所述方法还包括：对上一次保存的所述电压角度根据如下公式进行叠加：θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T，其中θ1为保存电压角度采用的变量，T为电压跌落低于阈值以下的一个开关周期。
可选地，所述电气设备包括空调。
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，还提供了一种电气设备并网处理方法，包括：获取电网的电压角度；在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
可选地，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，所述方法还包括：对上一次保存的所述电压角度根据如下公式进行叠加：θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T，其中，θ1为保存电压角度采用的变量，T为电压跌落低于阈值以下的一个开关周期。
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，还提供了一种控制系统，包括：发电设备，用于进行发电，其中，所述发电设备发出的电用于对开关电源进行供电，并且用于并网；开关电源，连接至所述发电设备和控制设备，用于给所述控制设备供电；所述控制设 备，连接至所述开关电源，所述控制设备包括至少三个输入，其中，每个输入用于输入三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为并网点的电压，所述每一相的电压用于得到所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；所述每一相电压的跌落幅值，用于在该项的电压发生跌落的情况下，进行无功功率补偿的依据。
可选地，所述发电设备包括光伏板。
可选地，所述发电设备还用于对所述空调进行供电。
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，还提供了一种电压跌落处理装置，包括：第一获取模块，用于获取检测到的三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；第二获取模块，用于分别获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；补偿模块，用于在所述三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相的电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。
根据本发明实施例的另一个方面，还提供了一种电气设备并网处理装置，包括：第三获取模块，用于获取电网的电压角度；并网处理模块，用于在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；以及，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
在本发明实施例中，采用分别获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；在所述三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相的电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿，达到了电气设备具备低电压穿越的功能，进而解决了三相不对称跌落时所导致的判断电压跌幅就会出现较大的差错的技术问题。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据现有技术的光伏空调系统的示意图；
图2是根据本发明实施例的电压跌落处理方法的流程图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的具备低电压穿越的光伏空调系统的示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施例的并网方法的流程图；
图5是根据本发明实施例的控制系统的结构框图；
图6是根据本发明实施例的电压跌落处理装置的结构框图；以及，
图7是根据本发明实施例的并网处理装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
根据本发明，提供了一种电压跌落处理方法实施例，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
在本实施例中提供了一种电压跌落处理方法，图2是根据本发明实施例的电压跌落处理方法的流程图，如图2所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S202，检测三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；
步骤S204，分别获取三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；
步骤S206，在三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。
在上述实施例中，三相交流电是当前电气设备普遍采用的输电方式，对电气设备的三相交流电中每一相电压进行检测，获取相应的电压数据；本发明通过检测电压数据和获取的跌落幅值进行相应的判断，在三相交流电中的任意一相电压跌落时，可以根据获取的跌落幅值进行补偿；这样可以使得电压在发生跌落时通过补偿措施达到三相交流电能正常工作的目的。
下面以空调为例进行说明，图3是根据本发明实施例的具备低电压穿越的光伏空调系统的示意图，如图3所示，采用三相四线制(A、B、C三相，N线)，用三个规格一样的电压传感器V检测A相、B相、C相相电压，再传给光伏空调系统内部的控制器，控制器再利用采样值进行相应的算法控制，开关电源取电供电方式不变。通过图3就可以得到每一相的电压。
得到每一相的电压之后，可以采用多种方式得到该电压的跌落幅值，在本实施例 中提供了一种可选的方式，在该可选的方式中包括：获取每一相的电压，并根据该相的电压虚拟出三相交流电中其余两相的电压，其中，虚拟出的其余两相的电压与获取到的该相的电压对称；根据该相的电压和虚拟出的其余两相的电压获取该相的电压的跌落幅值。
对于本发明实施例中虚拟的两个相电压和获取的电压对称，可以使得每个相电压能够相对独立，虚拟出的其余两个相电压用于该相电压获取跌落幅值，通过对虚拟出的两个相电压和该相电压作对比，能够使得跌落幅值更准确。
例如，该相的电压可以表示为ua＝U sinωt，该项电压表示的倒数可以为u’a＝Uωcosωt，其余两相的电压可以表示为
Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-000003
对该相的电压和虚拟出的其余两相的电压进行Clark变换和Park变换得到d轴分量，根据d轴分量获取该相的电压的跌落幅值。
其中，Clark变换即克拉克变换，Park变换即帕克变换。
在实施例中，为了控制并网，还可以获取电网的电压角度，然后根据电压角度控制电气设备的并网，获取电网电压角度的方式有很多种，在本实施例中提供了一种可选的方式，在该可选的方式中，当电网电压正常或者电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度，此时可以用一个变量θ1实时存储电网电压的角度还可以直接通过双同步锁相环检测电网电压的角度，用该角度进行算法控制。
当电网某一相的电压跌落到阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网；电网某相电压跌落到一定幅值时低于某一阈值瞬间或者一个开关周期T内，此时采用双同步锁相环计算的角度不能真实反映电网角度，而是用上一个开关周期存储的值进行并网算法控制。
在本发明的实施例中，对电网电压的判断分为两种情况，一种是电网电压正常运行，保持在一个合理的范围内，这时通过一个变量来存储正常的电压运行数据，当电网电压出现异常，或者说短时间内出现跌落时，通过正常电压的数据来恢复。
在本发明实施例中还可以对正常电网电压数据的保存，其中需要对上一次保存的电压角度根据如下公式进行叠加：θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T，其中θ1为保存电压角度 采用的变量，T为一个开关周期。
上述的并网方法可以单独使用，图4是根据本发明实施例的并网方法的流程图，如图4所示，该流程可以包括如下步骤：
步骤S402，获取电网的电压角度；
步骤S404，在电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取电压角度，根据电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存电压角度；
步骤S406，在电网的电压跌落到阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
在本发明实施例中，电气设备采用并网连接方式，可以使得线路能相对独立运行，能实现电网相电压的每一相构造另外两个虚拟相电压，在上一个实施例中说明了如何获取电压角度，通过电压角度控制并网，使得并网方式能够相应实现。
本实施例为一种控制系统，图5是根据本发明实施例的控制系统的结构框图，如图5所示，该系统包括如下模块：
发电设备52，用于进行发电，其中，发电设备发出的电用于对开关电源进行供电，并且用于并网；发电设备包括光伏板；
开关电源54，连接至发电设备和控制设备，用于给控制设备供电；
控制设备56，连接至开关电源，控制设备包括至少三个输入，其中，每个输入用于输入三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，三相交流电的电压为并网点的电压，每一相的电压用于得到三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；每一相电压的跌落幅值，用于在该项的电压发生跌落的情况下，进行无功功率补偿的依据。
发电设备52还可以用于对空调进行供电。
在本发明实施例中，发电设备52连接至控制设备56，正负极分别连接至开关电源，开关电源54从发电装置输出的正负母线取电，控制设备为控制板、其它组件、开关电源等的组合，其中控制板连接了开关电源和其他组件，还连接了外部的线路，开关电源从发电装置取电之后，再给控制器等模块供电。
本实施例中提供了一种电压跌落处理装置，图6是根据本发明实施例的电压跌落处理装置的结构框图，如图6所示，该装置包括如下模块：
第一获取模块62，用于获取检测到的三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；
第二获取模块64，用于分别获取三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；
补偿模块66，用于在三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相的电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。在本发明实施例中第一获取模块可以和第二获取模块连接，第二获取模块就是获取电压的跌落幅值，第一获取模块根据第二获取模块的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿；本实施例中的电压跌落处理装置主要是用于电压跌落处理。
在本实施例还提供了一种电气设备并网处理装置，图7是根据本发明实施例的并网处理装置的结构框图，如图7所示，该装置包括如下模块：
第三获取模块72，用于获取电网的电压角度；
并网处理模块74，用于在电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取电压角度，根据电压角度控制电气设备的并网，并保存电压角度；以及，在电网的电压跌落到阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的电压角度控制电气设备的并网。本发明实施例中该电气设备并网处理装置主要用于电气设备并网处理，并网处理模块主要根据电网的电压和给定的阈值来判断电压角度是否正确，当电压较低或直接到0V时，电网电压角度根据上一个开关周期存储的值进行并网算法控制，同时对电网电压角度自行叠加。
图6和图7中的两个装置对应于上述的两个方法实施例，在方法实施例中已经进行说明的在此不再赘述。
下面结合一个可选的实施例进行说明。
在本实施例中，采集的A、B、C三相相电压不直接做clark变换，以A相为例，利用A相电压构造虚拟的BA、CA相电压，用虚拟出来的对称的三相电压A相、BA相、CA相电压进行clark、park变换求得d轴分量，进而判断相电压跌幅。对B、C相做相同的处理，即可判断每一相的跌落幅值。
以A相为例，A相电压可以表示为：
ua＝U sinωt，
A相倒数可以表示为：
u’a＝Uωcosωt，
构造的BA、CA相可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-000005
利用虚拟的对称的三相(A、BA、CA)电压进行dq变换(瞬时dq变换法)检测单相电压的跌落幅度。
若检测到任一相发生跌落，根据跌落的幅度，对电流环无功分量进行补偿。
以上控制策略的前提是准确的计算出电网角度，所以本发明针对电网电压极端跌落(跌落至0V)，在以上控制策略的基础上，解决电网电压跌落至0V的电网角度计算问题。具体实现方法如下：
1.当电网电压正常或者没有跌落到某一阈值时，光伏空调系统直接通过双同步锁相环检测电网电压角度θ。并用计算结果θ进行并网算法控制，并利用一变量θ1实时存储角度θ。
2.当电网某相电压跌落到一定幅值时低于某一阈值(很接近0V)瞬间或者一个开关周期T内，双同步锁相环计算的角度θ不能真实反映电网角度，而是用上一个开关周期存储的值θ1进行并网算法控制，同时对θ1自行叠加，不再存储计算的角度θ，θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T。此时光伏空调工作方式类似于离网式逆变器。
3.当电网电压恢复至某一阈值以上时，再次利用双同步锁相环计算电网角度的结果θ进行并网算法控制，同时恢复利用变量θ1实时存储角度θ。
通过本实施例，可以实现电网电压短时跌落到0V时的角度计算依然准确，使相关电气设备具备低电压穿越功能，在产品认证阶段具备基本的低电压穿越认证条件，同时，本实施例中的低电压穿越功能的电气设备抗电网波动能力增强。
上述本发明实施例仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电压跌落处理方法，包括：
    检测三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；
    分别获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；
    在所述三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值包括：
    获取每一相的电压，并根据所述相的电压虚拟出所述三相交流电中其余两相的电压，其中，虚拟出的其余两相的电压与获取到的所述相的电压对称；
    根据所述相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相的电压获取所述相的电压的跌落幅值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，根据所述相的电压虚拟出所述三相交流电中其余两相的电压包括：
    所述相的电压表示为ua＝U sinωt，所述相电压表示的倒数为u′a＝Uωcosωt，其余两相的电压表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2017080127-appb-100002
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，根据所述相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相的电压获取所述相的电压的跌落幅值包括：
    对所述相的电压和虚拟出的所述其余两相的电压进行Clark变换和Park变换得到d轴分量；
    根据所述d轴分量获取所述相的电压的跌落幅值。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中，还包括：
    获取电网的电压角度；
    根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网包括：
    在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；
    在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，所述方法还包括：
    对上一次保存的所述电压角度根据如下公式进行叠加：
    θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T，
    其中θ1为保存电压角度采用的变量，T为一个开关周期。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述电气设备包括：空调。
  9. 一种电气设备并网处理方法，包括：
    获取电网的电压角度；
    在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；
    在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，所述方法还包括：
    对上一次保存的所述电压角度根据如下公式进行叠加：
    θ1＝θ1+100*3.1415*T，
    其中θ1为保存电压角度采用的变量，T为电压跌落低于阈值以下的一个开关周期。
  11. 一种控制系统，包括：
    发电设备，设置为进行发电，其中，所述发电设备发出的电用于对开关电源 进行供电，并且用于并网；
    开关电源，连接至所述发电设备和控制设备，设置为给所述控制设备供电；
    所述控制设备，连接至所述开关电源，所述控制设备包括至少三个输入，其中，每个输入用于输入三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为并网点的电压，所述每一相的电压用于得到所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；所述每一相电压的跌落幅值，用于在所述相的电压发生跌落的情况下，进行无功功率补偿的依据。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的控制系统，其中，所述发电设备包括光伏板。
  13. 一种空调，包括权利要求11或12所述的控制系统，其中，所述发电设备还设置为对所述空调进行供电。
  14. 一种电压跌落处理装置，包括：
    第一获取模块，设置为获取检测到的三相交流电每一相的电压，其中，所述三相交流电的电压为具有并网功能的电气设备的并网点的电压；
    第二获取模块，设置为分别获取所述三相交流电的每一相的电压的跌落幅值；
    补偿模块，设置为在所述三相交流电中的任意一相的电压发生跌落的情况下，根据发生电压跌落的相的电压的跌落幅值进行无功功率补偿。
  15. 一种电气设备并网处理装置，包括：
    第三获取模块，设置为获取电网的电压角度；
    并网处理模块，设置为在所述电网的电压没有跌落到阈值的情况下，获取所述电压角度，根据所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网，并保存所述电压角度；以及，在所述电网的电压跌落到所述阈值以下的情况下，根据上一次保存的所述电压角度控制所述电气设备的并网。
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