WO2018041073A1 - 防止交叉感染的流量传感器、方法和应用 - Google Patents

防止交叉感染的流量传感器、方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041073A1
WO2018041073A1 PCT/CN2017/099316 CN2017099316W WO2018041073A1 WO 2018041073 A1 WO2018041073 A1 WO 2018041073A1 CN 2017099316 W CN2017099316 W CN 2017099316W WO 2018041073 A1 WO2018041073 A1 WO 2018041073A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
flow sensor
column
gas
volume
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PCT/CN2017/099316
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王天星
胡锡江
陈志敏
唐兰芳
刘金玲
吴磊
Original Assignee
台州亿联健医疗科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201610747160.1A external-priority patent/CN106108906A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710705110.1A external-priority patent/CN107374636A/zh
Application filed by 台州亿联健医疗科技有限公司 filed Critical 台州亿联健医疗科技有限公司
Priority to US16/329,229 priority Critical patent/US11154218B2/en
Publication of WO2018041073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041073A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/091—Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pulmonary function detection, and more particularly to a pulmonary function flow sensor capable of preventing cross infection.
  • the lung function instruments In order to avoid cross-infection of lung function instruments, the lung function instruments must be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
  • the medical lung function instruments are expensive and complicated in structure. It is necessary for professionals to disassemble the instruments with special tools, and it is easy to damage and needs to be disinfected. It is completely dry and needs to be recalibrated before use. The whole process is cumbersome, consumes a lot of time and cost, and can't use the instrument for a long time.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a flow sensor for lung function measurement capable of preventing cross infection, which is a hollow tube structure including a main snorkel and a pressure tap hole provided on a wall of the main snorkel.
  • the outer wall of the main vent pipe is provided with a pressure-receiving hole column communicating with the gas of the pressure-receiving hole, and the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving hole column satisfies the following condition: in the process of detecting lung function, the gas exhaled or inhaled by the tester passes The pressure tapping hole enters the pressure tapping column and is held in the pressure tapping column without contacting the connecting pipe other than the flow sensor.
  • the volume of the quantitative gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas, and the appropriate pressure variation range is set.
  • the volume change of the gas that is pressed or overflowed into the pore chamber can be limited. In the pressure-collecting column, there is no contact with the connecting line other than the flow sensor.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving column satisfies V 1 >K(V 1 +V 2 ), so that the gas exhaled or inhaled by the tester is held in the pressure-collecting column without contacting the connection other than the flow sensor.
  • V 1 is the volume inside the pressure-collecting column
  • V 2 is the volume of gas in the pressure-conducting pipe connected to the pressure-collecting column
  • K is a constant.
  • a further K value is calculated by comparing the formula IV and ⁇ p with atmospheric pressure to obtain a K value, where Equation IV: Where ⁇ p is the pressure exhalation air intake portion and the throat portion, [rho] is the fluid density, Q is the flow rate, A 1 is a cross-sectional area of the air intake portion, A 2 is the cross-sectional area of the throat portion, by adjusting the A 1 With A 2 , ⁇ p is obtained.
  • the K value is 10%.
  • the main vent pipe main body includes an exhalation air inlet portion, a first taper portion, a throat portion and a second taper portion which are sequentially connected, and a low pressure pressure-receiving hole is opened on the pipe wall of the throat portion and is taken at a low pressure
  • the pressure hole column is connected, and the first high pressure pressure-receiving hole is opened on the pipe wall of the exhalation air inlet portion and communicates with the first high-pressure pressure-receiving hole column, and the high-pressure pressure-collecting hole column passes through the positive pressure end of the pressure guiding tube and the differential pressure sensor Connecting, the low pressure pressure hole column is connected to the negative pressure end of the differential pressure sensor through the pressure guiding tube,
  • the second high-pressure pressure-receiving hole is opened in the tube wall of the second taper portion and communicates with the second high-pressure pressure-collecting hole column, and the second high-pressure pressure-collecting hole column is connected to the positive pressure end of the differential pressure sensor.
  • exhalation air inlet portion and the throat portion are cylindrical, the diameter of the exhalation air inlet portion is larger than the diameter of the throat portion, and the first cone portion and the second cone portion are in a truncated cone shape, the first cone portion and the second portion The smaller diameter end of the tapered portion faces the throat portion, respectively.
  • the outer wall of the column of the pressure-receiving column is provided with a cavity, and the sealing ring is assembled in the cavity.
  • a clamping device is also included.
  • clamping device on the flow sensor is detachably coupled to the pulmonary function meter.
  • clamping device on the flow sensor is detachably connected to the pulmonary function meter through the connecting seat and connected to the pressure guiding tube of the differential pressure sensor.
  • the invention provides a method for preventing cross infection during pulmonary function measurement, comprising providing a flow sensor, wherein the flow sensor is a hollow tube structure, comprising a main snorkel and a pressure set on a wall of the main snorkel a hole, the outer wall of the main vent pipe is provided with a pressure-receiving hole column communicating with the pressure-receiving hole gas, and the volume of the inner cavity of the pressure-receiving hole column satisfies the following condition: during the lung function test, the tester exhales or inhales The gas enters the pressure tapping column through the pressure tapping hole and is held in the pressure tapping column without contacting the connecting pipe other than the flow sensor.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving column satisfies the following condition, V 1 >K(V 1 +V 2 ), V 1 is the volume inside the pressure-collecting column, and V 2 is the pressure-guiding pipe connected to the pressure-collecting column;
  • the volume of gas, K is a constant.
  • a further K value is calculated by comparing the formula IV and ⁇ p with atmospheric pressure to obtain a K value, where Equation IV: Where ⁇ p is the pressure exhalation air intake portion and the throat portion, [rho] is the fluid density, Q is the flow rate, A 1 is a cross-sectional area of the air intake portion, A 2 is the cross-sectional area of the throat portion, by adjusting the A 1 With A 2 , ⁇ p is obtained.
  • the K value is 10%.
  • clamping device on the flow sensor is detachably coupled to the pulmonary function meter.
  • the present invention also provides a pulmonary function meter that prevents cross-infection, including a flow sensor that is detachably assembled with a lung function monitor to form a pulmonary function meter.
  • the flow sensor is a hollow tube structure, comprising a main vent pipe and a pressure tapping hole disposed on the wall of the main vent pipe, and the outer wall of the main vent pipe is provided with a pressure hole column communicating with the gas of the pressure venting hole, the pressure is taken
  • the volume of the cavity inside the column meets the following conditions: during the lung function test, the gas exhaled or inhaled by the tester enters the pressure column through the pressure tap hole and is held in the pressure column without being in contact Connection piping other than the flow sensor.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving column satisfies the following condition, V 1 >K(V 1 +V 2 ), V 1 is the volume inside the pressure-collecting column, and V 2 is the pressure-guiding pipe connected to the pressure-collecting column;
  • the volume of gas, K is a constant.
  • the K value is 10%.
  • a further K value is calculated by comparing the formula IV and ⁇ p with atmospheric pressure to obtain a K value, where Equation IV: Where ⁇ p is the pressure exhalation air intake portion and the throat portion, [rho] is the fluid density, Q is the flow rate, A 1 is a cross-sectional area of the air intake portion, A 2 is the cross-sectional area of the throat portion, by adjusting the A 1 With A 2 , ⁇ p is obtained.
  • the pulmonary function meter includes a differential pressure sensor.
  • the differential pressure sensor is connected to the pressure tapping column of the flow sensor through a pressure guiding tube.
  • the flow sensor of the present invention is applied to a pulmonary function meter.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the air in the flow sensor can be used for isolation, so that the gas exhaled by the subject cannot contact other instruments of the pulmonary function meter, for example,
  • the connection block or conduit connected by the pressure column is not accessible, so the reused connector and the catheter are not accessible.
  • the gas to the subject, and the flow sensor of the present invention can be replaced at any time, thus avoiding cross-infection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a disposable flow sensor with two pressure-receiving columns.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing the connection of the disposable flow sensor and the differential pressure sensor shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the position of the air column at the time of exhalation of the disposable flow sensor with two pressure-collecting columns.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a disposable flow sensor having three pressure tapped columns.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view showing the connection of the disposable flow sensor and the differential pressure sensor shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the position of the air column at the time of exhalation of the disposable flow sensor with three pressure-collecting columns.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the position of the air column when the disposable flow sensor with three pressure-receiving columns is inhaled.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the connection of the flow sensor and the T-tube in the embodiment 4.
  • a flow sensor for pulmonary function detection as shown in Figures 1 to 7 is detachably assembled with a pulmonary function meter main body to constitute a pulmonary function meter.
  • the flow sensor can prevent cross-infection, including a main snorkel and a pressure-receiving hole disposed on the wall of the main vent pipe, and the outer wall of the main vent pipe is provided with a pressure-receiving hole column communicating with the gas of the pressure-receiving hole.
  • the pulmonary function tester exhales or inhales the gas through the main vent tube, and the pressure tapping hole is a sampling point for collecting the gas flow rate in the main snorkel by the differential pressure sensor.
  • the air pipe of the differential pressure sensor is not directly connected to the pressure tapping hole, but is indirectly connected to the pressure tapping hole through the pressure receiving hole column.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving column satisfies the following conditions: during the lung function test, the gas exhaled or inhaled by the tester is pressed or overflowed through the pressure-receiving hole, but is limited to the pressure.
  • the column is not in contact with the connecting line other than the flow sensor.
  • Embodiment 1 Flow sensor with two pressure-collecting columns
  • the flow sensor shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a main vent pipe including an exhalation air intake portion 1, a first taper portion 2, a throat portion 3, and a second taper portion 4 which are sequentially connected.
  • a low pressure pressure-receiving hole 31 is opened in the wall of the throat portion 3 and communicates with the low-pressure pressure-collecting hole column 5.
  • the first high-pressure pressure-receiving hole 21 is opened on the wall of the exhalation air inlet portion 1 and is connected to the first high-pressure take-up hole 21
  • the pressure column 6 is connected.
  • the exhalation air inlet 1 and the throat portion 3 have a cylindrical shape, and the exhalation air intake portion The diameter is larger than the diameter of the throat.
  • the first tapered portion 2 and the second tapered portion 4 have a truncated cone shape, and the first tapered portion and the second tapered portion have smaller diameter ends toward the throat portion.
  • the pressure guiding tube 201 of the differential pressure sensor 200 is connected to the pressure receiving hole jack 101 of the connecting base 100, the position of the pressure receiving hole column 101 and the low pressure pressure hole column of the flow sensor. 5 corresponds to the first high pressure tapping column 6.
  • the pressure-receiving hole column of the flow sensor shown in FIG. 2 is inserted into the pressure-collecting hole column hole 101 of the connecting seat, and the pressure-sensitive sensor pressure guiding tube and the flow sensor pressure-receiving hole are connected.
  • the high pressure pressure hole column is connected with the positive pressure end of the differential pressure sensor, and the low pressure pressure hole column is connected with the negative pressure end of the differential pressure sensor. As shown in FIG.
  • the inhaled gas enters the low pressure take-up hole column 5 and the high pressure take-up hole column through the low pressure take-up hole 31 and the high pressure sampling hole 21, respectively.
  • the original air 300 in the pressure-receiving column and the pressure guiding tube 201 is continuously compressed by the newly-introduced gas 301 until a new balance is reached between the gas newly injected into the pressure-receiving column and the original gas.
  • the volume of the internal cavity of the pressure-receiving column of the present invention satisfies the following condition: when the gas exhaled by the tester passes through the pressure-receiving hole and enters the pressure-receiving hole column, the newly entered gas compresses the original gas existing in the pressure-receiving hole column.
  • the air in the air and the piping connected to it, but the uppermost end of the compressed air is always in the pressure-collecting column.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-boosting column is sufficient to ensure that the new incoming gas 301 remains in the pressure-collecting column and does not enter the pressure-conducting tube when a new equilibrium is established.
  • the flow sensor shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 has a main vent pipe including an exhalation air intake portion 1, a first taper portion 2, a throat portion 3, and a second taper portion 4 which are sequentially connected.
  • a low pressure pressure-receiving hole 31 is opened in the pipe wall of the throat portion 3 and communicates with the low-pressure pressure-collecting hole column 5.
  • the first high-pressure pressure-receiving hole 21 is opened on the pipe wall of the first taper portion 2 and is pressed with the first high-pressure pressure.
  • the column 6 is connected.
  • a second high pressure pressure-receiving hole 41 is opened in the pipe wall of the second tapered portion 4 and communicates with the second high-pressure pressure-receiving hole column 7.
  • the exhalation air inlet 1 and the throat portion 3 have a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the exhalation air inlet portion is larger than the diameter of the throat portion.
  • the first tapered portion 2 and the second tapered portion 4 have a truncated cone shape, and the first tapered portion and the second tapered portion have smaller diameter ends toward the throat portion.
  • the pressure guiding tube 201 of the differential pressure sensor 200 is connected to the pressure receiving hole jack 101 of the connecting base 100, the position of the pressure receiving hole column 101 and the low pressure pressure hole column of the flow sensor.
  • the first high pressure tapping column 6 is connected to the positive pressure end of the first differential pressure sensor
  • the second high pressure tapping column 7 is connected to the positive pressure end of the second differential pressure sensor
  • the low pressure end of the two differential pressure sensors is passed through three
  • the through pipes are respectively connected to the low pressure tapping column 5.
  • the inhaled gas enters the low pressure pressure-receiving column 5 and the high-pressure pressure through the low-pressure pressure-receiving hole 31 and the high-pressure sampling hole 21, 41, respectively.
  • the original air 300 in the pressure-receiving column and the pressure guiding tube 201 is continuously compressed by the newly-introduced gas 301 until a new balance is reached between the gas newly injected into the pressure-receiving column and the original gas. As shown in FIG.
  • the inhaled gas enters the low pressure take-up hole column 5 and the high pressure take-up hole through the low pressure take-up hole 31 and the high-pressure sampling holes 21, 41, respectively.
  • the original air 300 in the pressure-receiving column and the pressure guiding tube 201 is continuously compressed by the newly-introduced gas 301 until the gas newly sucked into the pressure-collecting column establishes a new balance with the original gas.
  • the volume of the cavity inside the pressure-receiving column of the present invention satisfies the following condition: when the gas exhaled or inhaled by the tester passes through the pressure-receiving hole and enters the pressure-receiving hole column, the newly-introduced gas will be compressed and originally present in the pressure-collecting column. The air inside and the air in the pipeline connected to it, but the uppermost end of the compressed air is always in the pressure-collecting column. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the volume of the internal cavity of the pressure-boosting column is sufficient to ensure that the new incoming gas 301 does not enter the pressure guiding tube when a new equilibrium is established.
  • Embodiment 3 flow sensor optimization structure
  • the flow sensor is a one-time use and is detachable from the differential pressure sensor during use.
  • a sealing element is arranged between the pressure receiving hole column and the pipe connected thereto, for example, a slot 9 is provided outside the pressure receiving hole column of the flow sensor.
  • the flow sensor further includes a clamping device that can stably install the flow sensor on the spirometer host.
  • the clamping device can ensure that the flow sensor inserted into the lung function host does not fall off during use, and after use, the flow sensor can be smoothly pulled out from the host of the pulmonary function meter.
  • the clamping device is, for example but not limited to, a clamping device such as a flow sensor, which is a claw 11 of a plum-like structure, which has a certain elastic opening and closing, and the connecting seat or the flow sensor main body is provided with the claw Component 102.
  • the clamping device is a snap-fit buckle having a button structure.
  • the fluid flow rate and pressure satisfy the equation: Where p is the pressure at a point in the fluid, v is the flow rate at that point of the gas flow, ⁇ is the fluid density, g is the gravitational acceleration, h is the height at which the point is located, and C is a constant.
  • p is the pressure at a point in the fluid
  • v is the flow rate at that point of the gas flow
  • ⁇ is the fluid density
  • g the gravitational acceleration
  • h the height at which the point is located
  • C is a constant.
  • Equation I The greater the flow rate of the gas stream, the lower the pressure.
  • the flow rate is not equal.
  • the cross-sectional area of the air inlet is A 1 , the flow velocity is v 1 , and the pressure is It is p 1 ; the throat portion has a cross-sectional area of A 2 , a flow velocity of v 2 , and a pressure of p 2 .
  • pressure difference can be introduced Substituting Formula II into the available formula IV: According to the spirometry test standard, the peak flow rate is 14L/s. By adjusting the cross-sectional area of the expiratory air inlet and the throat, the peak pressure difference between the exhalation air inlet and the throat is 10 kPa.
  • both p 1 and p 2 are standard atmospheric pressure. When there is airflow through the flow sensor, p 1 and p 2 will fluctuate up and down within 10 kPa.
  • the standard atmospheric pressure is about 101 kPa, so the pressure is taken. The pressure of the mouth varies by 10%.
  • the volume in the pressure-bore column is V 1
  • the volume of gas in the pressure-guiding tube is V 2 .
  • P can be inversely proportional to (V 1 +V 2 ), and P decreases by 10%, then (V 1 +V 2 ) 10% increase; on the contrary, if P increases by 10%, then (V 1 +V 2 ) becomes 10% smaller, and the change in volume (V 1 +V 2 ) causes fluctuations in the air column, as long as V 1 >10 is guaranteed.
  • the flow through the flow sensor will only be partially forced into the pressure-bore column and will not enter the pressure tube. Since the flow sensor is used at one time, the flow sensor can take the air in the pressure column to isolate, so that the gas exhaled by the subject cannot contact the connecting seat or the pressure guiding tube, so the used connecting seat and the pressure guiding tube are reused. It is impossible to reach the subject's gas and avoid cross-infection.
  • the two disposable flow sensors 10, the connecting block and the differential pressure sensor are sterilized and connected according to FIG. 2 (experimental group 1) and FIG. 5 (experimental group 2), and then through the T-shaped tube 400 and the atomizer 401, respectively. It is connected to the 3L calibration cylinder 402 as shown in FIG. Place the colony with 5 ⁇ 10 8 cfu/ml of 5 ml of the standard bacterial suspension with 0.9% physiological saline, turn on the atomizer to produce the bacterial aerosol mist, and then simulate the human body to exhale by 3L calibration cylinder to bring the bacterial aerosol. The mist particles and the air are mixed and pushed into the flow sensor, and the gas is continuously exhaled 5 times.

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Abstract

一种可防止交叉感染的用于肺功能测定的流量传感器（10），为中空管结构，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔（21，31，41），主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔（21，31，41）气体相通的取压孔柱（5，6，7），取压孔柱（5，6，7）内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔（21，31，41）进入取压孔柱（5，6，7），并被保持在取压孔柱（5，6，7）内而不会接触到流量传感器（10）以外的连接管路。该流量传感器（10）可以隔离细菌或病毒等污染物进入肺功能检测仪的其他管路或腔体，可避免肺功能测试过程中的交叉感染。

Description

防止交叉感染的流量传感器、方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及肺功能检测领域，尤其涉及能防止交叉感染的肺功能流量传感器。
背景技术
现有市场上肺功能仪器、肺活量计等产品，均采用咬嘴加一次性呼吸过滤器的方法避免交叉感染，虽然咬嘴和过滤器都是一次性使用，但是一次性呼吸过滤器不能选择过滤效率最高的过滤器，过滤效率越高，虽然隔离效果越好，但是对气流的阻力也越大，对肺功能测定的气体流量影响也会越大，使测定的误差变大，因此一次性呼吸过滤器只能兼顾过滤效率，选择气流阻力较小的过滤器，尽管有隔离细菌和病毒的效果，但是无法彻底隔离细菌或病毒进入流量传感器。
为避免交叉感染肺功能仪器应用过滤器后，必须定期对肺功能仪器进行清洁和消毒，医用肺功能仪器价格昂贵，结构复杂，必须是专业人员借助专用工具拆卸仪器，且容易损坏，消毒后需要彻底干燥，使用前还需要重新校正，整个过程比较繁琐，消耗很多时间和费用，很长一段时间内不能使用仪器。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种可防止交叉感染的用于肺功能测定的流量传感器，为中空管结构，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱，所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱，并被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
依据理想气体状态方程和波义耳定律，在一定温度下，定量气体的体积与气体的压强成反比，设置合适的压力变化范围，压入或溢出取压孔柱腔的气体体积变化可以被限制在取压孔柱内，不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
其中，取压孔柱内部空腔的体积满足V1>K(V1+V2)，使得测试者呼出或吸入 的气体被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路，其中V1为取压孔柱内体积，V2为与取压孔柱连接的导压管内的气体体积，K为常数。
进一步的K值计算方式为，根据公式Ⅳ和Δp与大气压比较，获得K值，其中公式Ⅳ：
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000001
式中Δp为呼气进气部与喉口部的压差，ρ为流体密度，Q为流量，A1为进气部的截面积，A2为喉口部的截面积，通过调节A1与A2，获得Δp。
优选的，所述K值为10％。
进一步的，所述主通气管主包括依次相连的呼气进气部、第一锥部、喉口部和第二锥部，喉口部的管壁上开设有低压取压孔并与低压取压孔柱连通，呼气进气部的管壁上开设有第一高压取压孔并与第一高压取压孔柱连通，高压取压孔柱通过导压管与压差传感器的正压端连接，低压取压孔柱通过导压管与压差传感器的负压端连接，
进一步的，第二锥部的管壁上开设有第二高压取压孔并与第二高压取压孔柱连通，第二高压取压孔柱与压差传感器的正压端连接。
进一步的，呼气进气部和喉口部呈圆柱形，呼气进气部的直径大于喉口部的直径，第一锥部和第二锥部呈圆台形，第一锥部和第二锥部直径较小的一端分别朝向喉口部。
进一步的，取压孔柱的柱体外壁设有槽穴，密封圈组装在该槽穴中。
进一步的，还包括卡紧装置。
进一步的，流量传感器上的卡紧装置可拆卸式地连接于肺功能仪上。
更进一步的，流量传感器上的卡紧装置通过连接座可拆卸式地连接于肺功能仪上，并与压差传感器的导压管连接。
本发明提供了一种肺功能测定过程中可防止交叉感染的方法，包括提供一种流量传感器，所述流量传感器为中空管结构，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱，所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱，并被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
其中，取压孔柱内部空腔的体积满足以下条件，V1>K(V1+V2)，V1为取压孔柱内体积，V2为与取压孔柱连接的导压管内的气体体积，K为常数。
进一步的K值计算方式为，根据公式Ⅳ和Δp与大气压比较，获得K值，其中公式Ⅳ：
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000002
式中Δp为呼气进气部与喉口部的压差，ρ为流体密度，Q为流量，A1为进气部的截面积，A2为喉口部的截面积，通过调节A1与A2，获得Δp。
优选的，所述K值为10％。
进一步的，流量传感器上的卡紧装置可拆卸式地连接于肺功能仪上。
本发明还提供了一种可防止交叉感染的肺功能仪，包括流量传感器，其与肺功能仪主机可拆卸式的组装在一起共同构成肺功能仪。所述流量传感器为中空管结构，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱，所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱，并被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
其中，取压孔柱内部空腔的体积满足以下条件，V1>K(V1+V2)，V1为取压孔柱内体积，V2为与取压孔柱连接的导压管内的气体体积，K为常数。优选的，所述K值为10％。
进一步的K值计算方式为，根据公式Ⅳ和Δp与大气压比较，获得K值，其中公式Ⅳ：
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000003
式中Δp为呼气进气部与喉口部的压差，ρ为流体密度，Q为流量，A1为进气部的截面积，A2为喉口部的截面积，通过调节A1与A2，获得Δp。
所述肺功能仪包括压差传感器。所述压差传感器通过导压管与流量传感器的取压孔柱连接。
本发明所述的流量传感器在肺功能仪上的应用。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：流量传感器取压孔柱内的空气能够起到隔离作用，使受试者呼出的气体不能接触到肺功能仪的其他仪器设备，例如与取压孔柱连接的连接座或导管，因此被重复使用的连接座和导管不可能接触 到受试者的气体，且本发明所述流量传感器可随时更换，因而避免了交叉感染。
附图说明
图1具有两个取压孔柱的一次性流量传感器剖面示意图。
图2图1所示的一次性流量传感器与压差传感器连接的结构示意图。
图3具有两个取压孔柱的一次性流量传感器呼气时空气柱变化位置剖面示意图。
图4具有三个取压孔柱的一次性流量传感器剖面示意图。
图5图4所示的一次性流量传感器与压差传感器连接的结构示意图。
图6具有三个取压孔柱的一次性流量传感器呼气时空气柱变化位置剖面示意图。
图7具有三个取压孔柱的一次性流量传感器吸气时空气柱变化位置剖面示意图。
图8实施例4中流量传感器与T形管连接示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1至7所示的用于肺功能检测的流量传感器，其与肺功能仪主机可拆卸式地组装在一起共同构成肺功能仪。所述流量传感器可防止交叉感染，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱。肺功能测试者经主通气管呼出或吸入气体，取压孔是压差传感器采集主通气管内气体流量的采样点。压差传感器的导气管并不与取压孔直接连接，而是通过取压孔柱间接地连接于取压孔。所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体会通过取压孔压入或溢出取压孔柱，但被限制在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
实施例1具有两个取压孔柱的流量传感器
如图1至3所示的流量传感器，其主通气管包括依次相连的呼气进气部1、第一锥部2、喉口部3和第二锥部4。喉口部3的管壁上开设有低压取压孔31并与低压取压孔柱5连通，呼气进气部1的管壁上开设有第一高压取压孔21并与第一高压取压孔柱6连通。呼气进气部1和喉口部3呈圆柱形，呼气进气部的 直径大于喉口部的直径。第一锥部2和第二锥部4的截面呈圆台形，第一锥部和第二锥部直径较小的一端分别朝向喉口部。
如图2所示，压差传感器200的导压管201连接在连接座100的取压孔柱插孔101上，所述取压孔柱插孔101的位置与流量传感器的低压取压孔柱5和第一高压取压孔柱6相对应。将图2所示流量传感器的取压孔柱插入到连接座的取压孔柱插孔101内，即可完成压差传感器导压管与流量传感器取压孔的连接。高压取压孔柱与压差传感器的正压端连接，低压取压孔柱与压差传感器的负压端连接。如图3所示，当测试者向流量传感器的主通气管内呼入气体后，呼入的气体分别通过低压取压孔31和高压取样孔21进入低压取压孔柱5和高压取压孔柱6内。取压孔柱和导压管201内原有的空气300就被新进入的气体301不断压缩，直至新呼入至取压孔柱内的气体与原有的气体建立新的平衡。本发明所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：当测试者呼出的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱后，新进入的气体会压缩原本存在于取压孔柱内的空气和与之连接的管路内的空气，但被压缩的空气最上端始终位于取压孔柱内。如图3所示，由于取压孔柱内部空腔的体积足以保证在建立新的平衡时，新进入的气体301依然保留在取压孔柱内不会进入导压管。
实施例2具有三个取压孔柱的流量传感器
如图4至7所示的流量传感器，其主通气管包括依次相连的呼气进气部1、第一锥部2、喉口部3和第二锥部4。喉口部3的管壁上开设有低压取压孔31并与低压取压孔柱5连通，第一锥部2的管壁上开设有第一高压取压孔21并与第一高压取压孔柱6连通。第二锥部4的管壁上开设有第二高压取压孔41并与第二高压取压孔柱7连通。呼气进气部1和喉口部3呈圆柱形，呼气进气部的直径大于喉口部的直径。第一锥部2和第二锥部4的截面呈圆台形，第一锥部和第二锥部直径较小的一端分别朝向喉口部。
如图5所示，压差传感器200的导压管201连接在连接座100的取压孔柱插孔101上，所述取压孔柱插孔101的位置与流量传感器的低压取压孔柱和高压取压孔柱相对应。第一高压取压孔柱6与第一压差传感器的正压端连接，第二高压取压孔柱7与第二压差传感器的正压端连接，两个压差传感器的低压端通过三 通管分别与低压取压孔柱5连接。如图6所示，当测试者向流量传感器的主通气管内呼入气体后，呼入的气体分别通过低压取压孔31和高压取样孔21、41进入低压取压孔柱5和高压取压孔柱6、7内。取压孔柱和导压管201内原有的空气300就被新进入的气体301不断压缩，直至新呼入至取压孔柱内的气体与原有的气体建立新的平衡。如图7所示，当测试者向流量传感器的主通气管内吸入气体后，呼入的气体分别通过低压取压孔31和高压取样孔21、41进入低压取压孔柱5和高压取压孔柱6、7内。取压孔柱和导压管201内原有的空气300就被新进入的气体301不断压缩，直至新吸入至取压孔柱内的气体与原有的气体建立新的平衡。本发明所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：当测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱后，新进入的气体会压缩原本存在于取压孔柱内的空气和与之连接的管路内的空气，但被压缩的空气最上端始终位于取压孔柱内。如图6和7所示，由于取压孔柱内部空腔的体积足以保证在建立新的平衡时，新进入的气体301不会进入导压管。
实施例3流量传感器优化结构
流量传感器为一次性使用，使用时与压差传感器之间为可拆卸式的连接。
为了保证测试过程中导压管与流量传感器连接的气密性，取压孔柱和与之连接的管道之间设有密封元件，例如在流量传感器的取压孔柱外设有槽穴9用于存放密封圈19。
在另一些实施例中，流量传感器还包括能将流量传感器稳定安装在肺功能仪主机上的卡紧装置。卡紧装置即能保证插入肺功能主机上的流量传感器在使用过程中不会脱落，同时使用完毕后，流量传感器又能顺利从肺功能仪的主机上拔出。所述卡紧装置例如但不限于，例如流量传感器的卡紧装置为梅花状结构的卡爪11，其具有一定弹性开合，连接座或流量传感器主机上设有与所述卡爪相配合的部件102。又例如卡紧装置为具有按钮结构的弹压卡扣。
实施例4取压孔柱内部腔体体积的计算方法
根据伯努利原理，流体流速与压力满足方程：
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000004
式 中p为流体中某点的压强，v为气流该点的流速，ρ为流体密度，g为重力加速度，h为该点所在高度，C是一个常量。对于气体，可忽略重力，将公式简化为公式Ⅰ:
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000005
气流的流速越大，压力越小。流量与流速满足公式Ⅱ：v＝Q/A，式中Q为流量，A为气流该点管子的截面积。气流流过呼气进气部和喉口部的流量相等，但截面积不相等，根据公式Ⅱ可得出流速也不相等，设进气部的截面积为A1，流速为v1，压强为p1；喉口部的截面积为A2，流速为v2，压强为p2。根据公式I，可推出压差
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000006
再用公式Ⅱ代入可得公式Ⅳ：
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000007
根据肺功能仪检测标准，检测流量峰值为14L/s，通过调节呼气进气部与喉口部的截面积，使呼气进气部与喉口部的压差峰值为10kPa。当没有气流流过流量传感器时，p1、p2都为标准大气压，当有气流流过流量传感器时，p1、p2会在10kPa范围内上下波动，标准大气压约为101kPa，因此取压口的压强变化范围为10％。
根据理想气体状态方程和波义耳定律，在一定温度下，定量气体的体积与气体的压强成反比，满足公式Ⅲ：PV＝C，式中P为气体的压强，V为气体的体积，设取压孔柱内体积为V1，导压管内的气体体积为V2，根据公式Ⅲ可推出P与(V1+V2)成反比，P下降10％，则(V1+V2)变大10％；反之，P上升10％，则(V1+V2)变小10％，体积(V1+V2)的大小变化会引起空气柱的上下波动，只要保证V1>10％(V1+V2)，流经流量传感器的气流只会部分被压入到取压孔柱内，而不会进入导压管。由于流量传感器一次性使用，流量传感器取压孔柱内的空气能够起到隔离作用，使受试者呼出的气体不能接触到连接座或导压管，因此被重复使用的连接座和导压管不可能接触到受试者的气体，避免了交叉感染。
实施例5防止交叉感染的对比试验
将两种一次性流量传感器10、连接座和压差传感器经过灭菌处理后按图2(实验组1)和图5连接(实验组2)，然后通过T形管400分别与雾化器401和3L校准筒402进行连接，如图8所示。用0.9％的生理盐水配置菌落为5×108cfu/ml的标准菌种悬液5ml，开启雾化器产生细菌气溶胶雾粒，再通过3L校准 筒模拟人体用力呼气，把细菌气溶胶雾粒和空气混合推入流量传感器，连续呼气5次，最后拔出一次性流量传感器，分离连接座及导压管，分别用采样液进行细菌接种、培养，培养48小时后进行菌落计数。具体的对比实验步骤参见《肺功能检测专用呼吸过滤器的研制与开发》(2003级硕士学位论文，广州医学院，2006年5月)。
表1：实验组1的无菌测试结果
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000008
表2：实验组2的无菌测试结果
Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-000009
实验结果见表1和表2，结果本发明所述的流量传感器能保证与之相连的连接座及导压管在肺功能检测结束后仍符合无菌标准。

Claims (11)

  1. 防止交叉感染的流量传感器，为中空管结构，包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱，其特征在于，所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱，并被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器，其特征在于，取压孔柱内部空腔的体积满足以下条件，V1>K(V1+V2)，其中V1为取压孔柱内体积，V2为与取压孔柱连接的导压管内的气体体积，K为常数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的流量传感器，其特征在于，根据公式Ⅳ以及公式Ⅳ计算得到的Δp与大气压比较，获得K值；公式Ⅳ：
    Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-100001
    式中Δp为呼气进气部与喉口部的压差，ρ为流体密度，Q为流量，A1为进气部的截面积，A2为喉口部的截面积，通过调节A1与A2，获得Δp。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的流量传感器，其特征在于，所述K值为10％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器，其特征在于，流量传感器上设卡紧装置，所述卡紧装置可拆卸式地连接于肺功能仪上。
  6. 防止交叉感染的方法，包括提供一种中空管结构的流量传感器，其包括主通气管及设于主通气管管壁上的取压孔，主通气管外壁上设有与取压孔气体相通的取压孔柱，所述取压孔柱内部空腔的体积大小满足以下条件：在肺功能检测过程中，测试者呼出或吸入的气体通过取压孔进入取压孔柱，并被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器以外的连接管路。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，取压孔柱内部空腔的体积满足V1>K(V1+V2)，使得测试则呼出或吸入的气体被保持在取压孔柱内而不会接触到流量传感器意外的连接管路，其中V1为取压孔柱内体积，V2为与取压孔柱连接的导压管内的气体体积，K为常数。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的流量传感器，其特征在于，根据公式Ⅳ以及公式Ⅳ计算得到的Δp与大气压比较，获得K值；公式Ⅳ：
    Figure PCTCN2017099316-appb-100002
    式中Δp为呼气进气部与喉口部的压差，ρ为流体密度，Q为流量，A1为进 气部的截面积，A2为喉口部的截面积，通过调节A1与A2，获得Δp。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述K值为10％。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，流量传感器上设卡紧装置，所述卡紧装置可拆卸式地连接于肺功能仪上。
  11. 根据权利要求1至5之一所述的流量传感器在肺功能仪上的应用。
PCT/CN2017/099316 2016-08-29 2017-08-28 防止交叉感染的流量传感器、方法和应用 WO2018041073A1 (zh)

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