WO2018035953A1 - 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法 - Google Patents

冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018035953A1
WO2018035953A1 PCT/CN2016/102971 CN2016102971W WO2018035953A1 WO 2018035953 A1 WO2018035953 A1 WO 2018035953A1 CN 2016102971 W CN2016102971 W CN 2016102971W WO 2018035953 A1 WO2018035953 A1 WO 2018035953A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
nozzle opening
turntable
water
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/102971
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏永发
Original Assignee
苏永发
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 苏永发 filed Critical 苏永发
Publication of WO2018035953A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018035953A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B1/00—Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on blades or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B1/04—Nozzles; Nozzle-carrying members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the technology is applied to the hydraulic core of the impact turbine with the expertise of hydraulic machinery and fluid mechanics.
  • Hydroelectric power generation is a form of energy conversion operation in which the potential energy of a certain mass is converted into kinetic energy, which is converted into mechanical energy on the turbine runner, and the rotary wheel outputs mechanical energy to the generator to be converted into electric energy.
  • the impact turbine (impact, slant, double-click) is a fluid in the body of the hydraulic core nozzle.
  • the accelerated jet is kinetic energy, and the impact wheel is converted into mechanical energy.
  • a nozzle body has a cone spray needle and a water guide member having only one inner corner inner cone nozzle port, and the needle is installed in the nozzle mouth to form a cone ring.
  • the fluid accelerates in the nozzle, and the process of rushing toward the nozzle ring cone continues to accelerate and then rushes to the runner for work.
  • the displacement position of the needle position to the nozzle is increased to open, and the displacement flow to the outside of the nozzle port is reduced to OFF, the flow rate of the needle contact surface of the nozzle is zero, and the turbine stops working.
  • the velocity change of the jet at the outlet of the nozzle mouth comprehensively reflects the change of the kinetic energy of the instantaneous constant flow at the corresponding working head speed.
  • the velocity of the jet is reduced due to the local head loss, and the quality of the kinetic energy is also reduced, resulting in a decrease in efficiency.
  • the jet velocity is significantly different for different working heads, and the kinetic energy of the jet is proportional to the square of the flow rate.
  • the common feature of the original design of two defects is that the velocity profile of the jet section exiting the nozzle is non-uniform, and the average speed is reduced, resulting in local head loss. Hydraulic core design and operational design are not optimal.
  • the needle is driven by the descending jet velocity, and the reduced flow rate and the original rated flow rate pass through the same section of the nozzle orifice inner diameter, the same balance method in unit time.
  • the displacement of the needle in the closing direction is the resistance of the needle to the jet, the blocking position and the potential energy are transmitted in the jet fluid, the main velocity area in the jet section is reduced, the secondary flow velocity area is increased, the section velocity distribution is non-uniform, and the needle is sprayed. Displacement in the direction of shutting off the water caused a loss of head.
  • the nozzle opening is changed to two inner cone angles: a small inner cone angle is added to convert the accelerated turbulent flow into a slowly changing flow region, two different inner cone angles are fixed to the nozzle, or divided into two Use the inner and outer nozzle openings.
  • the nozzle port is divided into two: the inner diameter of the contact with the needle remains in the nozzle, or is fixed to the inner nozzle end outside the nozzle outlet; the other outer nozzle (combined by a plurality of different inner diameters) is connected to the inner nozzle It can be replaced.
  • the inner and outer nozzle thread connections are manually changed, and the plurality of outer nozzle combinations are fixed in the turntable for mechanical replacement.
  • the outer nozzle opening diameter is determined by the required overflow.
  • the nozzle opening can be changed by hand on the upper cover opening of the machine; or a plurality of different inner diameter nozzle openings are installed in the turntable and replaced by mechanical means.
  • the unit is operated on the ground for 10 minutes and can be operated manually, electrically or automatically.
  • the specific content 1. Optimize the specific design requirements of the water-conducting components (because the water machine power and the manufacturer's manufacturing size are different, only the design parameters are proposed for this), which is mainly reflected in the characteristics of jet acceleration, diversion, and increasing the velocity of the flow. : Two different inner cone angles are reflected at the nozzle opening, and the inner and outer nozzle openings are designed to replace the nozzles with different inner diameters to maintain the working head speed of the jet (the original design is adjusted, but with The specification does not conflict).
  • the two inner cone angles are integrated. Secure a nozzle port for use.
  • nozzle nozzle external water machine can be composed of two nozzle ports, manually replace the single one, or use a whole set of nozzle nozzles with different inner diameters to change the outer nozzle mouth.
  • Hand-changing external nozzle opening The technical old water machine can be used in the water machine base (the device is divided into two according to the design and the installation requirements according to the “Specific Content 1st point” design.
  • One inner diameter of the contact with the needle is fixed at
  • the inside of the nozzle body is an inner nozzle opening, and the other outer nozzle opening can be selected from a single replacement device of a desired jet diameter.
  • the upper cover is reinforced and then opened or replaced in the pit.
  • the outer nozzle opening is screwed to the inner nozzle opening, and has a sealing and anti-loose device design.
  • the original deflector (load load deflector) should be appropriately resized and cannot block the jet.
  • the mechanical device and the method of using the external nozzle are optimized.
  • the size of the inner nozzle is optimized.
  • the length of the nozzle is fixed in the nozzle body.
  • the multiple nozzles with different inner diameters and different nozzles are fixed in the rotating machine. .
  • the load shedding deflector needs to be changed. See Figure 4 for number 42.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the impact turbine is optimized for hydraulic design and the external nozzle opening device is changed.
  • the feature is that the size of the water guiding member in the hydraulic core nozzle is optimized to meet the jet speed increasing, diversion and acceleration, and the cross-sectional velocity distribution of the jet cross section and the reduced flow is uniform. Maintain kinetic energy efficiency at the original working head speed. It is the first to form a nozzle port with two different inner cone angles, or to divide into two inner and outer nozzles (replaceable different inner diameters), to solve the original two descending jet speeds, and the efficiency is not high, including:
  • the size of the water guiding member of the nozzle body assembly is optimized, a single nozzle opening constituting two inner corners; or the inner nozzle opening is fixed, and the outer side is manually replaced with a plurality of different inner diameter outer nozzle openings, or combined into a mechanical device for replacement.
  • the single device for replacing the external nozzle opening by hand is connected with the fixed inner nozzle opening outside the nozzle nozzle outlet surface after optimizing the nozzle and the needle; changing a plurality of different inner diameter nozzle nozzle mechanical devices, and the nozzle body on the machine side
  • the three-axis is connected with the turntable, and the outer end of the base is threaded for loosening and fastening, wherein one shaft is equipped with gears for rotary indexing; and can be electrically operated by manual and connected motors;
  • Nozzle There are three connecting ears on the end face of the water, which are used for linear movement of three shafts, fixed and driven to change the outer nozzle mouth turntable; the end face of the water outlet is connected with the fixed plate, and the rotary table with multiple external nozzle openings is operated;
  • the nozzle, the needle, the nozzle port, the fixed connecting plate and the turntable are pivotally connected in the base, and the jet impacts the generator to generate power outside the power transmission;
  • the nozzle body assembly is a water guiding member located on one side of the water coming from the turbine and corresponding to a radial or 22° 30' of the water hopper in the turbine;
  • the nozzle has three connecting ears at the water inlet end, which is the base surface of the three-axis connection outside operation; the original inner taper angle of the nozzle outlet end is faster than the original 3-8 degrees for speed increase; the length is reduced by 3-5 cm to fix the connecting plate;
  • Needle injection increase the flow area, the cone angle is 10-15 degrees larger than the original design, the jet diameter 0.5-1 jet diameter larger than the inner diameter of the largest nozzle opening;
  • Nozzle port Optimized design size and three methods of use to ensure the working head speed of the jet.
  • Optimized design two inner cone angles, one more slowly variable flow area.
  • the inner diameter of the inner cone is 5-15% smaller than the design, and the angle inside the nozzle is small; the inner cone angle is less than 0.5-15 degrees larger than the needle; the small inner cone angle requires the jet diameter, and the cone direction is 0.5-10. Degree; the ratio of the large cone angle to the small cone angle length is 1:0.5-2.2;
  • the model is a multi-nozzle port or a method of fixing one nozzle port, and is used in two cone angles.
  • Divide the joint nozzle into inner and outer nozzle openings. The inner diameter of the contact with the needle is placed in the inner corner of the large cone and is installed in the nozzle.
  • the outer nozzle opening has an internal thread to connect the inner nozzle opening and the anti-loose device, and the outer nozzle opening is manually replaced by the opening position of the water machine cover. 3.
  • the inner nozzle opening is fixed in the nozzle, and a plurality of different inner diameter outer nozzle openings are fixed in the rotary disc, and the outer nozzle opening has an inner diameter that is in contact with the outer diameter of the inner nozzle opening, and the outer nozzle opening is replaced by the operating device.
  • the entire nozzle opening has been lengthened due to the increase of the slowly changing flow area, and the size of the decanter or the installation position needs to be adjusted.
  • the turntable is pivotally connected to the fixed connecting plate of the machine base and the nozzle end surface through three axes.
  • the turntable is provided with a plurality of outer nozzle openings of different calibers, and one of the different inner diameter outer nozzle openings is selected for docking to the inner nozzle opening center respectively. After fixing, both are used to keep the jet at the working head speed;
  • the axial displacement adjusting component is used for driving the axial reciprocating linear motion of the rotary table, and the inner and outer nozzle openings are separated, combined and fixed, including the first adjusting device, the second adjusting device, Third adjustment device;
  • Rotating the motor providing the rotary table with different nozzle diameters, and rinsing the rotating power and indexing work of the fixed connecting plate and the turntable surface water raft;
  • the locking assembly is used for fixing the adjusted rotation angle of the turntable, facilitating the axial displacement, and adjusting the reciprocating linear motion of the assembly driving the turntable to make a socket or leave the inner nozzle opening.
  • the nozzle assembly is equipped with two different inner angle nozzle openings, which are increased by a first-stage inner cone angle; and a plurality of different inner diameter nozzle openings can be replaced by a single hand or fixed on the turntable.
  • a plurality of external nozzle ports are selected for mechanical change.
  • the outer mouth is composed of a plurality of different inner diameters and can be manually replaced or mechanically replaced.
  • the inner and outer nozzle body assemblies are mounted in a single sleeve.
  • a plurality of outer nozzle openings are fixed on the turntable through a fixed connecting plate, and are installed outside the water outlet end surface of the nozzle body in the base.
  • the first adjusting device, the second adjusting device and the third adjusting device each comprise a motor, a lead screw, a screw nut and a pressure plate, which can be used for manual operation or can be electrically operated.
  • the motor is used to provide power
  • the lead screw nut is coupled to a power output end of the motor
  • the lead screw nut is mounted on a pressure plate for axially reciprocating linearly driving the turntable.
  • the locking assembly includes a first locking device and a second locking device that can be manually and electrically operated.
  • the impeller nozzle water saving device is further provided with an electric control device, the electric control device and the rotating electric machine, the first adjusting device, the second adjusting device, the third adjusting device, and the first locking device
  • the second locking device can be manually or electrically connected.
  • the utility model relates to an application method for optimizing the hydraulic design to replace the external nozzle opening device, wherein the different external nozzle openings are replaceable, and the following steps are included in sequence:
  • the working water head sends the flow to the nozzle body assembly through the water conduit, the nozzle of the nozzle body assembly is located on the side of the water turbine, and the flow is directed to the water bucket of the water turbine to push the turbine to rotate; when the load needs to be reduced, the original operation is performed.
  • the electric control device issues the command P1, or manually drives the needle to shut off the water;
  • the electric control device issues a command P21, and after the outer nozzle opening of the turntable leaves the original inner nozzle opening, the lock assembly is released from the limit of the turntable, and then the command P22 is issued to drive the turntable to rotate, and according to the load reduction requirement, one of the outer nozzle openings is selected.
  • the inner nozzle end is correspondingly connected, and since the plurality of outer nozzle openings have different diameters, the electronic control device can instruct the outer nozzle opening which is most suitable for the current load reduction;
  • step S1 further includes sub-step S11: when the load needs to be reduced, the original electronic control device prior to issuing the P1 command first issues an instruction P11 to shut off the water by itself.
  • step S2 further comprises a sub-step S21: the electronic control unit issues an instruction P211 between the electronic control unit issuing the command P21 and the issuing command P22, and the drive dial leaves the inner nozzle opening.
  • the invention has higher efficiency.
  • the characteristics of the present invention are combined with technology and management to save energy.
  • the invention is characterized in that: the first optimized hydraulic core design: 1.
  • the two nozzle cones are connected into one nozzle mouth; 2.
  • One nozzle mouth is divided into two levels, one
  • the in-stage nozzle opening is left or fixed in the nozzle.
  • the second stage is hand-replaceable; or a plurality of different inner diameter nozzle openings are fixed in the turntable, and are replaced by mechanical means.
  • the object of the present invention solves the problem that the original hydraulic core design and operation are not perfect, resulting in a non-uniform shape of the jet cross-section velocity distribution, resulting in a decrease in the average jet velocity and a low water machine efficiency.
  • the two schemes can improve the total efficiency by about 16% by practice: the efficiency of the water machine with the scheme is about 95%, which is about 10% higher than the current water efficiency of about 85%; the second scheme can improve the power generation efficiency by 6-8. %. It can be seen that the invention has a simple structure and is feasible in theory and practice. It has positive significance for the transformation of the nearly 35,000 impact turbines being used throughout the country during the thirteenth and fifth periods, and the design of the new machine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1P-P;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a one-hand nozzle exchange assembly
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the cooperation relationship between the two lock lever assemblies and the turntable
  • the impact turbine optimizes the hydraulic design and replaces the outer nozzle opening.
  • the device is characterized in that the size of the water guiding member in the hydraulic core nozzle is optimized to meet the jet speed increasing, diversion, acceleration, uniformity of the cross-sectional velocity distribution of the jet cross section and the reduced flow rate, and the kinetic energy efficiency at the original working head speed. It is the first to form a nozzle port with two different inner cone angles; or it can be divided into two inner and outer (replaceable different inner diameter) nozzle ports to solve the problem that the original two descending jet speeds are not efficient, including:
  • the size of the water guiding member of the nozzle body assembly is optimized, a single nozzle opening constituting two inner corners; or the inner nozzle opening is fixed, and the outer side is manually replaced with a plurality of different inner diameter outer nozzle openings, or combined into a mechanical device for replacement.
  • the single device for replacing the external nozzle opening by hand is connected with the fixed inner nozzle opening outside the nozzle nozzle outlet surface after optimizing the nozzle and the needle; changing a plurality of different inner diameter nozzle nozzle mechanical devices, and the nozzle body on the machine side
  • the three shafts are connected with the turntable, and the outer end of the base is threaded for loosening and fastening, wherein one of the shafts is equipped with gears for rotary indexing; and can be electrically operated by manual and connected motors;
  • Nozzle There are three connecting ears on the end face of the water, which are used for linear movement of three shafts, fixed and driven to change the outer nozzle mouth turntable; the end face of the water outlet is connected with the fixed plate, and the rotary table with multiple external nozzle openings is operated;
  • the nozzle, the needle, the nozzle port, the fixed connecting plate and the turntable are pivotally connected in the base, and the jet impacts the generator to generate power outside the power transmission;
  • the nozzle body assembly is a water guiding member located on one side of the water coming from the turbine and corresponding to a radial or 22° 30' of the water hopper in the turbine;
  • the nozzle has three connecting ears at the water inlet end, which is the base surface of the three-axis connection outside operation; the original inner taper angle of the nozzle outlet end is faster than the original 3-8 degrees for speed increase; the length is reduced by 3-5 cm to fix the connecting plate;
  • Needle injection increase the flow area, the cone angle is 10-15 degrees larger than the original design, and the jet diameter is 0.5-1 jet diameter larger than the inner diameter of the largest nozzle;
  • Nozzle port Optimized design size and three methods of use to ensure the working head speed of the jet.
  • Optimized design two inner cone angles, one more slowly variable flow area.
  • the inner diameter of the inner cone is 5-15% smaller than the design, and the angle inside the nozzle is small; the inner cone angle is less than 0.5-15 degrees larger than the needle; the small inner cone angle requires the jet diameter, and the cone direction is 0.5-10. Degree; the ratio of the large cone angle to the small cone angle length is 1:0.5-2.2.
  • the model is a multi-nozzle port or a method of fixing one nozzle port, and is used in two cone angles.
  • Divide the joint nozzle into inner and outer nozzle openings. The inner diameter of the contact with the needle is placed in the inner corner of the large cone and is installed in the nozzle.
  • the outer nozzle opening has an internal thread to connect the inner nozzle opening and the anti-loose device, and the outer nozzle opening is manually replaced by the opening position of the water machine cover. 3.
  • the inner nozzle opening is fixed in the nozzle, and a plurality of different inner diameter outer nozzle openings are fixed in the rotary disc, and the outer nozzle opening has an inner diameter that is in contact with the outer diameter of the inner nozzle opening, and the outer nozzle opening is replaced by the operating device.
  • the entire nozzle opening has been lengthened due to the increase of the slowly changing flow area, and the size of the decanter or the installation position needs to be adjusted.
  • the turntable is pivotally connected to the fixed connecting plate of the machine base and the end surface of the nozzle through three axes, and the outer rotating nozzle mouth of different calibers is installed in the rotating disc, and one of the nozzle openings with different inner diameters is selected during operation.
  • the ones are respectively fixed to the center of the inner nozzle opening and fixed, and are used to keep the jet at the working head speed;
  • the axial displacement adjusting component is configured to drive the axial reciprocating linear motion of the rotary table, and perform internal and external nozzle opening separation, combination and fixed work, including a first adjusting device, a second adjusting device and a third adjusting device;
  • Rotating the motor providing the rotary table with different nozzle diameters, and rinsing the rotating power and indexing work of the fixed connecting plate and the turntable surface water raft;
  • the locking assembly is used for fixing the adjusted rotation angle of the turntable, facilitating the axial displacement, and adjusting the reciprocating linear motion of the assembly driving the turntable to make a socket or leave the inner nozzle opening.
  • the nozzle assembly is provided with two different inner angle nozzle openings, which are increased by a first-stage inner taper angle; and a plurality of different inner diameter outer nozzle openings can be replaced by a single hand and fixed on the turntable.
  • a plurality of external nozzle ports are selected for mechanical change.
  • the outer mouth is composed of a plurality of different inner diameters and can be manually replaced or mechanically replaced.
  • the inner and outer nozzle body assemblies are mounted in a single sleeve.
  • a plurality of outer nozzle openings are fixed on the turntable through a fixed connecting plate, and are mounted on the water outlet end surface of the nozzle body in the base.
  • the first adjusting device, the second adjusting device and the third adjusting device each comprise a motor, a lead screw, a screw nut and a pressure plate, which can be used for manual operation or can be electrically operated.
  • the motor is used to provide power
  • the lead screw nut is coupled to a power output end of the motor
  • the lead screw nut is mounted on a pressure plate for axially reciprocally driving the turntable.
  • the locking assembly includes a first locking device and a second locking device that can be manually and electrically operated.
  • the impeller nozzle water saving device is further provided with an electric control device, the electric control device and the rotating electric machine, the first adjusting device, the second adjusting device, the third adjusting device, and the first locking device
  • the second locking device can be manually or electrically connected.
  • the utility model relates to an application method for optimizing the hydraulic design to replace the external nozzle opening device, wherein the different external nozzle openings are replaceable, and the following steps are included in sequence:
  • the working water head sends the flow to the nozzle body assembly through the water conduit, the nozzle of the nozzle body assembly is located on the side of the water turbine, and the flow is directed to the water bucket of the water turbine to push the turbine to rotate; when the load needs to be reduced, the original operation is performed.
  • the electric control device issues the command P1, or manually drives the needle to shut off the water;
  • the electric control device issues a command P21, and after the outer nozzle opening of the turntable leaves the original inner nozzle opening, the lock assembly is released from the limit of the turntable, and then the command P22 is issued to drive the turntable to rotate, and according to the load reduction requirement, one of the outer nozzle openings is selected.
  • the inner nozzle end is correspondingly connected, and since the plurality of outer nozzle openings have different diameters, the electronic control device can instruct the outer nozzle opening which is most suitable for the current load reduction;
  • step S1 further comprises sub-step S11: when the load is to be reduced, the electronic control device before issuing the P1 command first issues the command P11 to shut off the water by itself.
  • step S2 further comprises sub-step S21: issuing an instruction P21 at the electronic control device
  • the electronic control unit issues an instruction P211 with the command P22 to drive the turntable away from the inner nozzle opening.
  • the impact turbine is optimized, and the efficiency of the replacement nozzle device and the application method compared with the prior art is increased:
  • This technology is a breakthrough and advancement in impact turbine technology. It is the solution to the two defects of the original design.
  • the technology is implemented on the turbine, and the total efficiency of the water machine is increased by about 16%.
  • the efficiency of the optimized hydraulic core design can be about 95%, which is generally less than 85% of the current product efficiency level, and is increased by about 10%.
  • the power generation is increased by more than 6% (full year, Or close to the full power generation accounted for about 40% of the total electricity, there is also a tube loss for the maximum load of the reservoir with no overflow.
  • the nozzle is used to generate electricity at an optimum nozzle diameter of 0.5-1 below the maximum load.
  • the efficiency of the hydraulic core optimization is 2 cases. Because of the fear of technology being stolen, it is only implemented in two power stations, and can be identified at any time. 1. There are 4 sets of XJA-501*13 to 12.5 hydroelectric generating units in Cangzhou, of which 3 sets are equipped with 630kw, the speed is 1000 generators, and the nozzle outlet diameter is 154 ⁇ 0.2; 1 set is equipped with 500kw speed 1000 generator. When the hair was stopped, the water head was 142 meters, and the diameter of the nozzle outlet was 146.5 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the issuing machine sends 740kw, 4 sets of machines are full at the same time, the working head is 130 meters (measured by 0.25 precision pressure gauge), 24 hours of power generation, high voltage metering (minimum 2% of power without transformer loss) reflects the power generation is about 60500 degrees. On June 12, 2016, two units were measured on the control panel with a power meter, reflecting that the instantaneous power is 680Kw (current efficiency level is below 600kw). 2. There are 3 sets of Shaoyang CJA237-W-70/1*7 hair The motor station power station is equipped with a 500kw speed 1000 generator.
  • the control panel has a power meter that reflects 540, 550, and 570kw (the current efficiency level is below 500kw).
  • the two power stations have been in operation for more than 12 years and have not been replaced by runners. Among them, the impact machine runner was mined above the canal, and the sand was too much. The runner had the blade worn through the water-jet blade, and the locals were not polished. After the technical transformation of the two power stations, the original canals were not increased and the flow rate did not increase.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种冲击式水轮机增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法，喷嘴口装置采用具有两个不同内锥角组成的单喷嘴口，或固定内喷嘴口，外侧用多个不同内径的外喷嘴口，外喷嘴口可采用手动或机械装置更换，所述机械装置包括在机座一侧的喷嘴体两端面有三条轴，与具有多个外喷嘴口的转盘连接，并可伸出机座外端有螺纹用于松、紧固，其中一条轴装有齿轮用于旋转分度，可用手动或电动操作；来水端面有三个连接耳,用于三条轴直线运动、固定、传动换外喷嘴口转盘操作基面；出水口端面安装连接固定板，承接装有多个外喷嘴口的转盘工作；喷嘴、喷针、喷嘴口、固定连接板、转盘，枢接于机座内，射流冲击转轮做功传动外部的发电机发电；本发明的喷嘴口装置解决了射流截面速度分布不均匀，平均速度下降、效率不高的问题。

Description

冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法 一、技术领域
本技术以水力机械、流体力学专业知识，应用在冲击式水轮机水力核心部位上。
二、背景技术
水力发电是以一定质量来水的位、势能转变成动能，作用在水轮机转轮上转变为机械能，转轮输出机械能到发电机转变为电能的能量转换作业形式。
冲击式水轮机(冲击、斜击、双击三种机型)以水力核心喷嘴体内的流体，加速后的射流为动能，冲击转轮旋转转化为机械能。一个喷嘴体内有一个锥体喷针和一个只有一个内角内锥喷嘴口组成的导水构件，喷针安装在喷嘴口内交合，形成一个锥环。流体在喷嘴内提速，冲向喷嘴口锥环过程继续加速后冲向转轮作功。喷针位置向喷嘴内位移流量增加为开，向喷嘴口外位移流量减少为关，喷针接触喷嘴口锥面流量为零，水轮机停止做功。
射流在喷嘴口出口的速度变化，综合反映瞬时恒定流在对应工作水头速度下的动能质量变化。射流因局部水头损失影响速度下降，动能的质量也下降，造成效率下降。不同的工作水头，射流速度明显不同，射流的动能与流速的平方成正比。
三、原设计两缺陷表现的共同特征是：出喷嘴口的射流截面速度分布呈非均匀射出，平均速度是下降的，造成了局部水头损失。水力核心设计和运行操作设计不是最优。
1.从流体经导水机构加速形态看，渐缩管式的设计，流体冲撞喷嘴口、喷针交合区，就存在局部水头损失。射流冲撞迎水面喷嘴口内锥角、喷针交合区，是在平方阻力区域，射流的能量转换损失与速度平方成正比。射流在加速区域是急变流，其截面速度分布是非均匀的状态，没对急变流有效转化，使能量转换有损失、效率下降。
2.降负荷减流量操作喷针是靠降射流速度，达到减后流量与原额定流量通过同截面喷嘴口内径，在单位时间内相同的平衡方法。喷针向关方向位移，是喷针制造对射流的阻力，阻挡部分位、势能在射流体内传递，使射流截面内主流速度面积减少，次流速度面积增加，截面速度分布是非均匀状态，喷针向关水方向位移造成了水头损失。
四、发明的具体方案和内容：
一)具体方案：对原冲击式水力核心部件存在影响效率和操作减少发电量的两缺陷解决的方针是：优化水力核心部件设计；减少喷针向关水方向位移距离。达到保持工作水头射流速度分布均匀，恢复应有效率。具体细节方案为：
1.尽量提前对射流体加速，减少阻力平方区的能量转换损失。应对是喷嘴出水端内角缩小，适当缩短喷嘴长度(用于技改换外喷嘴口 机械装置)。
2.对喷针加大直径，增加导流截面积，减少对喷嘴口迎水锥面冲撞。
3.喷嘴口改为两个内锥角：增一个小内锥角用于将加速后的急变流转变成缓变流区域，两个不同内锥角连体固定于喷嘴使用；或分成两个内、外喷嘴口使用。
4.喷嘴口分为两个：与喷针接触内径留在喷嘴内，或固定在喷嘴出水口端面外为内喷嘴口；另一个外喷嘴口(由多个不同内径组合)与内喷嘴口连接并可更换。内、外喷嘴螺纹连接为手工换，多个外喷嘴组合固定在转盘内为机械换。外喷嘴口内径根据所需过流量决定。
5.换不同内径外喷嘴口可在机上盖开孔用手换单个；或多个不同内径外喷嘴口安装在转盘内，通过机械装置更换。装置在地面操作10分钟完成，可手动、电动、自动操作。
二)，具体内容：1.优化导水构件具体设计要求(因水机功率和厂家制造大小不一，为此只提出设计参数)，主要体现在射流加速、导流、增加缓变流区域特征：在喷嘴口用两个不同内锥角反映两区域，并用内、外两个喷嘴口设计，以更换不同内径外喷嘴口方式操作，保持射流的工作水头速度(对原设计有调整，但与规范不冲突)。
导水构件优化设计范围和说明(表一)
Figure PCTCN2016102971-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016102971-appb-000002
2.对多喷嘴口机型和不适应换外喷嘴口旧机，以两内锥角一体， 固定一个喷嘴口使用。
3.对旧机技改或喷嘴口外置式水机可由2个喷嘴口组成，用手动快速换单个，或用整套不同内径外喷嘴口装置换外喷嘴口。
(1)手换外喷嘴口：技改旧水机可在水机机座(该装置按“具体内容第1点”设计按配合、安装需要分为两个。一个与喷针接触内径固定在喷嘴体内为内喷嘴口，另一个外喷嘴口可选择所需射流直径单个更换装置)上盖加固后开孔或在机坑内安装更换。(2)外喷嘴口与内喷嘴口用螺纹连接，有密封和防松装置设计。(3)具体配合外形图纸见附图号3，编号34-36。原折向器(甩负荷偏流器)应适当改尺寸，不能对射流有阻挡。
4.换外喷嘴口机械装置和使用方法将内喷嘴口优化后尺寸后长度按配合、安装需要，固定在喷嘴体内，多个可选择射流不同内径外喷嘴口组合固定在转盘内的机械装置更换。甩负荷偏流器需要改位置，具体看图4编号42。
五.总体描述，
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
冲击式水轮机优化水力设计、增换外喷嘴口装置，其特征是，优化水力核心喷嘴体内导水构件尺寸，满足射流提速、导流、加速，确保射流截面和减后流量的截面速度分布均匀，保持在原工作水头速度的动能效率。首创以两个不同内锥角组成一个喷嘴口，或分成两个内、外(可换不同内径)喷嘴口组合，解决原2个降射流速度，效率不高问题，包括：
一)、主要构件安装描述：
对喷嘴体组件的导水构件尺寸优化、组成两个内角的单个喷嘴口；或固定内喷嘴口，外侧用多个不同内径外喷嘴口手工换单个，或组合成机械方式用装置更换。
用手换外喷嘴口单个装置在优化喷嘴、喷针后的喷嘴出水口端面外，与固定好的内喷嘴口连接；换多个不同内径外喷嘴口机械装置，在机座一侧的喷嘴体两端面，有三条轴用于固定和传动有组合多个外喷嘴口固定的转盘，其中一条轴兼有转盘旋转分度功能。三轴与转盘连接，并可伸出机座外端有螺纹用于松、紧固，其中一轴装有齿轮用于旋转分度；可用手动和连接电机电性操作；
喷嘴:来水端面有三个连接耳,用于三条轴直线运动、固定、传动换外喷嘴口转盘；出水口端面安装连接固定板，承接装有多个外喷嘴口的转盘工作；
喷嘴、喷针、喷嘴口、固定连接板、转盘，枢接于机座内，射流冲击转轮做功传动外部的发电机发电；
喷嘴体组件，是导水构件，该导水构件位于水轮机来水的一侧，并与水轮机内的转轮水斗径向或22°30’对应；
二)、构件优化尺寸和不同组件描述：
喷嘴在来水端有三个连接耳，是三轴连接外侧操作的基面；喷嘴出水口端原内锥角比原减3-8度为提速加快；长度减3-5公分以固定连接板；
喷针，增加导流面积，其锥角比原设计加大10-15度，射流直径 比最大喷嘴口内径锥大0.5-1个射流直径；
喷嘴口：优化设计尺寸和三种使用方法，目的确保射流的工作水头速度。优化设计：两个内锥角组成，多一个缓变流区域。内锥大头直径比设计小5-15％，配喷嘴内角改小；大内锥角比喷针大0.5-15度以内；小内锥角以需要射流直径，向来水方向构成锥角0.5-10度；大锥角与小锥角长度之比为1：0.5-2.2；
三种喷嘴口结合、使用方法：1.机型是多喷嘴口或使用固定一个喷嘴口的方法，以两个锥角连体使用。2.将连体喷嘴口分成内、外喷嘴口。把与喷针接触内径放在大锥内角内为内喷嘴口，并安装在喷嘴内。外喷嘴口有内螺纹连接内喷嘴口和防松装置，在水机上盖开孔位用手换外喷嘴口。3.内喷嘴口固定在喷嘴内，把多个不同内径外喷嘴口固定在转盘内，外喷嘴口用内径与内喷嘴口的外径对接，通过操作装置换需要的外喷嘴口。
喷嘴口优化尺寸后，因增加缓变流区域，整个喷嘴口已加长，需调整甩水器尺寸或换安装位置。
转盘，通过三轴枢接于机座和喷嘴端面的固定连接板上，转盘内装有多个不同口径的外喷嘴口，工作时选择不同内径外喷嘴口其中一个用于分别对接于内喷嘴口中心后固定，均用于保持射流应有工作水头速度；
三)、换外喷嘴口机械装置使用方法描述：
轴向位移调节组件，用于驱动转盘轴向往复直线运动，做内、外喷嘴口分离、组合、固定工作，包括第一调节器件、第二调节器件、 第三调节器件；
旋转电机，为转盘提供换不同口径外喷嘴口，及冲洗固定连接板与转盘贴面水汅的旋转动力及分度工作；
锁止组件，用于固定转盘已调校好的旋转角度，方便轴向位移，调节组件驱动转盘做套接或离开内喷嘴口的往复直线运动。
优选地，该喷嘴组件内安装有两级不同内角喷嘴口，比原增加一级内锥角的缓变流区域；并将多个不同内径外喷嘴口可用手换单个，或用固定在转盘上多个外喷嘴口选择好机械换。外嘴口多个不同内径组成，并可单个手动更换或机械更换。
优选地，所述内、外两个喷嘴体组件单套安装。或多个外喷嘴口固定在转盘通过一固定连接板，安装于机座内的喷嘴体出水端面外。
优选地，第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件均包括电机、丝杠、丝杠螺母、压板，可用于手动操作，也可用电性操作。所述电机用于提供动力，所述丝杠螺母连接于电机的动力输出端上，所述丝杠螺母安装于压板上，该压板用于轴向往复直线驱动转盘。
优选地，该锁止组件包括第一锁止装置和第二锁止装置可用手动、及电动操作。
优选地，该冲击水轮机换外喷嘴口节水增效装置还设置有电控装置，该电控装置与旋转电机、第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件、第一锁止装置、第二锁止装置均既可手动，也可电性连接。
冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置的应用方法，其特征在于，不同外喷嘴口可更换，依次包括以下步骤：
S1：工作水头将流量经引水管送至喷嘴体组件，该喷嘴体组件的喷嘴位于水轮机的侧方，流量射向水轮机的水斗上，推动水轮机转动；当需降负荷，此时操纵原有的电控装置发出指令P1，或手动驱动喷针关水停机；
S2：电控装置发出指令P21，转盘外喷嘴口离开原内喷嘴口后，解除锁止组件对转盘的限定，然后再发出指令P22驱动转盘转动，根据减负荷需要，选择其中一外喷嘴口与内喷嘴口末端对应连接，由于所述多个外喷嘴口口径不同，因此电控装置可指令最适合当前降负荷的外喷嘴口使用；
S3：当转盘转动到内、外喷嘴口中心重合的位置时，电控装置发出指令P31，停止驱动转盘；电控装置发出指令P32，恢复锁止组件对转盘的止转限定；最后电控装置发出指令P33，驱动转盘贴紧固定连接板面上，使得外喷嘴口套、压内喷嘴口外径和端面；
S4:如果需要调整使用另一外喷嘴口使用，再执行S2，S3。
优选地，步骤S1还包括子步骤S11：需降负荷时，在发出P1指令之前的原电控装置先发出指令P11自行关水关机。
优选地，步骤S2还包括子步骤S21：在电控装置发出指令P21与发出指令P22之间电控单元发出指令P211，驱动转盘离开内喷嘴口。
本发明与现有技术比较，其效率显得较高。本发明的特点以技术和管理结合向节能要效益。发明的特征是：首创优化水力核心设计：1.以喷嘴口两内锥角联成一体喷嘴口；2.将一个喷嘴口分为二级，一 级内喷嘴口留在或固定在喷嘴内。第二级为可手更换；或多个不同内径外喷嘴口固定在转盘内的装置，用机械形式换。本发明的目的解决了原水力核心设计和操作不完善造成射流截面速度分布非均匀形态，致使射流平均速度下降，水机效率不高的问题。两种方案经实践可提高总效率16％左右：用1方案水机效率达95％左右，比现有85％左右水机效率高10％左右；用第2方案可再提高发电效率6-8％。可见本发明结构简单，从理论和实践中可行，对全国正在使用的近3.5万台冲击式水轮机在十三、五期间改造、和新机设计有积极意义。
附图标记
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为图1P-P处的剖面视图；
图3为单手换喷嘴口组件的结构示意图；
图4为两锁杆组件与转盘的配合关系示意图；
其中，10、机座；11、电控箱；20、转轴；22、第一调节器件；23、第二调节器件；24、第三调节器件；25、转盘；26、带齿轮旋转电机；27、被动齿轮；28、喷针；30、固定连接板；31、冲洗装置；33、喷嘴；34、内喷嘴口；35、外喷口；36、防松螺栓；40、第一定位装置；41、第二定位装置；42、偏流器。
六、具体实施方式
如图1-图4所示，冲击式水轮机优化水力设计、增换外喷嘴口 装置，其特征是，优化水力核心喷嘴体内导水构件尺寸，满足射流提速、导流、加速，确保射流截面和减后流量的截面流速分布均匀，和在原工作水头速度的动能效率。首创以两个不同内锥角组成一个喷嘴口；或分成两个内、外(可换不同内径)喷嘴口组合，解决原2个降射流速度效率不高问题，包括：
一)、主要构件安装描述：
对喷嘴体组件的导水构件尺寸优化、组成两个内角的单个喷嘴口；或固定内喷嘴口，外侧用多个不同内径外喷嘴口手工换单个，或组合成机械方式用装置更换。
用手换外喷嘴口单个装置在优化喷嘴、喷针后的喷嘴出水口端面外，与固定好的内喷嘴口连接；换多个不同内径外喷嘴口机械装置，在机座一侧的喷嘴体两端面，有三条轴用于固定和传动有组合多个外喷嘴口固定的转盘，其中一条轴兼有转盘旋转分度功能。三轴与转盘连接，并伸出机座外端有螺纹用于松、紧固，其中一轴装有齿轮用于旋转分度；可用手动和连接电机电性操作；
喷嘴:来水端面有三个连接耳,用于三条轴直线运动、固定、传动换外喷嘴口转盘；出水口端面安装连接固定板，承接装有多个外喷嘴口的转盘工作；
喷嘴、喷针、喷嘴口、固定连接板、转盘，枢接于机座内，射流冲击转轮做功传动外部的发电机发电；
喷嘴体组件，是导水构件，该导水构件位于水轮机来水的一侧，并与水轮机内的转轮水斗径向或22°30’对应；
二)、构件优化尺寸和不同组件描述：
喷嘴在来水端有三个连接耳，是三轴连接外侧操作的基面；喷嘴出水口端原内锥角比原减3-8度为提速加快；长度减3-5公分以固定连接板；
喷针，增加导流面积，其锥角比原设计加大10-15度，射流直径比最大喷嘴口内径大0.5-1个射流直径；
喷嘴口：优化设计尺寸和三种使用方法，目的确保射流的工作水头速度。优化设计：两个内锥角组成，多一个缓变流区域。内锥大头直径比设计小5-15％，配喷嘴内角改小；大内锥角比喷针大0.5-15度以内；小内锥角以需要射流直径，向来水方向构成锥角0.5-10度；大锥角与小锥角长度之比为1：0.5-2.2。
三种喷嘴口结合、使用方法：1.机型是多喷嘴口或使用固定一个喷嘴口的方法，以两个锥角连体使用。2.将连体喷嘴口分成内、外喷嘴口。把与喷针接触内径放在大锥内角内为内喷嘴口，并安装在喷嘴内。外喷嘴口有内螺纹连接内喷嘴口和防松装置，在水机上盖开孔位用手换外喷嘴口。3.内喷嘴口固定在喷嘴内，把多个不同内径外喷嘴口固定在转盘内，外喷嘴口用内径与内喷嘴口的外径对接，通过操作装置换需要的外喷嘴口。
喷嘴口优化尺寸后，因增加缓变流区域，整个喷嘴口已加长，需调整甩水器尺寸或换安装位置。
转盘，通过三轴枢接于机座和喷嘴端面的固定连接板上，转盘内装有多个不同口径的外喷嘴口，工作时选择不同内径外喷嘴口其中一 个用于分别对接于内喷嘴口中心后固定，均用于保持射流应有工作水头速度；
三)、换外喷嘴口机械装置使用方法描述：
轴向位移调节组件，用于驱动转盘轴向往复直线运动，做内、外喷嘴口分离、组合、固定工作，包括第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件；
旋转电机，为转盘提供换不同口径外喷嘴口，及冲洗固定连接板与转盘贴面水汅的旋转动力及分度工作；
锁止组件，用于固定转盘已调校好的旋转角度，方便轴向位移，调节组件驱动转盘做套接或离开内喷嘴口的往复直线运动。
优选地，该喷嘴组件内安装有两级不同内角喷嘴口，比原增加一级内锥角的缓变流区域；并将多个不同内径外喷嘴口可用手换单个，用固定在转盘上的多个外喷嘴口选择好机械换。外嘴口多个不同内径组成，并可单个手动更换或机械更换。
优选地，所述内、外两个喷嘴体组件单套安装。或多个外喷嘴口固定在转盘通过一固定连接板，安装于机座内的喷嘴体出水端面上。
优选地，第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件均包括电机、丝杠、丝杠螺母、压板，可用于手动操作，也可用电性操作。所述电机用于提供动力，所述丝杠螺母连接于电机的动力输出端上，所述丝杠螺母安装于压板上，该压板用于轴向往复驱动转盘。
优选地，该锁止组件包括第一锁止装置和第二锁止装置可用手动、及电动操作。
优选地，该冲击水轮机换外喷嘴口节水增效装置还设置有电控装置，该电控装置与旋转电机、第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件、第一锁止装置、第二锁止装置均既可手动，也可电性连接。
冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置的应用方法，其特征在于，不同外喷嘴口可更换，依次包括以下步骤：
S1：工作水头将流量经引水管送至喷嘴体组件，该喷嘴体组件的喷嘴位于水轮机的侧方，流量射向水轮机的水斗上，推动水轮机转动；当需降负荷，此时操纵原有的电控装置发出指令P1，或手动驱动喷针关水停机；
S2：电控装置发出指令P21，转盘外喷嘴口离开原内喷嘴口后，解除锁止组件对转盘的限定，然后再发出指令P22驱动转盘转动，根据减负荷需要，选择其中一外喷嘴口与内喷嘴口末端对应连接，由于所述多个外喷嘴口口径不同，因此电控装置可指令最适合当前降负荷的外喷嘴口使用；
S3：当转盘转动到内、外喷嘴口中心重合的位置时，电控装置发出指令P31，停止驱动转盘；电控装置发出指令P32，恢复锁止组件对转盘的止转限定；最后电控装置发出指令P33，驱动转盘贴紧固定连接板面上，使得外喷嘴口套、压内喷嘴口外径和端面；
S4:如果需要调整使用另一外喷嘴口使用，再执行S2，S3。
优选地，步骤S1还包括子步骤S11：需降负荷时，在发出P1指令之前的电控装置先发出指令P11自行关水关机。
优选地，步骤S2还包括子步骤S21：在电控装置发出指令P21 与发出指令P22之间电控单元发出指令P211，驱动转盘离开内喷嘴口。
七、方案实施后的效益比较：
该冲击式水轮机优化设计，增设换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法与现有技术相比的效率提高情况：
本技术是冲击式水轮机技术突破和进步。是对原设计两缺陷问题的解决。本技术并落实在水轮机上，水机总效率提高16％左右。其中优化水力核心设计后效率可在95％左右，比目前产品效率水平普遍85％以下，提高10％左右；通过安装换外喷嘴口运行操作，对发电量提高6％以上(一年内满发、或接近满发电量占总电量的40％左右，就对有库容未溢流采用最大负荷发电也是有管损，这时选用低于最大负荷0.5-1个射流直径外喷嘴口发电最优)。
一)水力核心优化后效率举2例。因担心技术被偷盗，只在两电站实施，随时可到现场鉴定。1.共有4台赣州产XJA-501*13到12.5水轮发电机组电站，其中3套配630kw，转速1000发电机，改后喷嘴口出口直径154±0.2；1套配500kw转速1000发电机。停发时142米水头，改后喷嘴口出水口直径146.5±0.2。发单机发740kw，4台机同时满发，工作水头为130米(0.25精度压力表测)，24小时发电，高压计量(未加变压器损耗的最少2％电量)反映发电量是60500度左右。2016年6月12日测量有2台机组在控制屏有功电表，反映即时功率是680Kw(目前效率水平是600kw以下)。2.共有3台套邵阳产CJA237-W-70/1*7发 电机组电站，配500kw转速1000发电机，改后喷嘴口出水内径86.5±0.2，停机为270米水头，单机发640kw，三台机同时满发工作水头250米(0.25精度压力表)，各机控制屏有功电表反映是540、550、570kw(目前效率水平是500kw以下)。
说明：两电站已运行12年以上，未换过转轮。其中冲击机转轮因水渠以上挖矿，砂偏多，转轮有叶片曾磨穿分水刃，当地人焊过未打磨。两电站技改后原水渠未加高，流量未增加。
二)两种增加换外喷嘴口装置：手换装置已实施，其效率对比是用最大喷嘴口在每降100Kw，用换小一级外喷嘴口可多发电6-8％；整套换外喷嘴口机械装置，原理，结构、传动没问题。
三)全国以2014年水电部反映4.7万座农村小水电，技术改造冲击式水轮机有近3.5万台，改后每年最少可增收10亿元，用在机上盖上开孔更换外喷嘴口方法1.5年可收回投资。计算式为47000(座)*0.333(冲击式占比例)*2.2台(平均台数)*250kw(平均功率)*3000(利用小时)*0.16(增幅)*0.25元(上网电价)＝10.33亿元。
对本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及形变，而所有的这些改变以及形变都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计、增换外喷嘴口装置，其特征是，优化水力核心喷嘴体内导水构件尺寸，满足射流提速、导流、加速，确保射流截面和减后流量的截面流速分布均匀，和在原工作水头速度的动能效率。首创以两个不同内锥角组成一个喷嘴口，增加缓变流区域；或分成两个内、外(可换不同内径)喷嘴口组合，解决原2个降射流速度、效率不高问题，包括：
    一、主要构件安装描述：
    对喷嘴体组件的导水构件设计优化、组成两个内角的单个喷嘴口；或固定内喷嘴口，外侧用多个不同内径外喷嘴口手工换单个，或组合成机械方式用装置更换。
    用手换外喷嘴口单个装置在优化喷嘴、喷针后的喷嘴出水口端面外，与固定好的内喷嘴口连接；换多个不同内径外喷嘴口机械装置，在机座一侧的喷嘴体两端面，有三条轴用于固定和传动有组合多个外喷嘴口固定的转盘，其中一条轴兼有转盘旋转分度功能。三轴与转盘连接，并可伸出机座外端有螺纹用于松、紧固，其中一轴装有齿轮用于旋转分度；可用手动和连接电机电性操作；
    喷嘴:来水端面有三个连接耳,用于三条轴直线运动、固定、传动换外喷嘴口转盘操作基面；出水口端面安装连接固定板，承接装有多个外喷嘴口的转盘工作；
    喷嘴、喷针、喷嘴口、固定连接板、转盘，枢接于机座内，射流冲击转轮做功传动外部的发电机发电；
    喷嘴体组件是导水构件，该导水构件位于水轮机来水的一侧，并与水轮机内的转轮水斗径向或22°30’对应；
    二、构件优化尺寸和不同组件描述：
    喷嘴在来水端有三个连接耳，是三轴连接外侧操作的基面；喷嘴出水口端原内锥角比原减3-8度为提速加快；长度减3-5公分以固定连接板；
    喷针，增加导流面积，其锥角比原设计加大10-15度，射流直径比最大喷嘴口内径大0.5-1个射流直径；
    喷嘴口：优化设计尺寸和三种使用方法，目的确保射流的工作水头速度。优化设计：两个内锥角组成，多一个缓变流区域。内锥大头直径比设计小5-15％，配喷嘴内角改小；大内锥角比喷针大0.5-15度；小内锥角以需要射流直径，向来水方向构成锥角0.5-15度；大锥角与小锥角长度之比为1：0.5-2.2；
    三种喷嘴口结合、使用方法：1.机型是多喷嘴口或使用固定一个喷嘴口的方法，以两个锥角连体使用。2.将连体喷嘴口分成内、外喷嘴口。把与喷针接触内径放在大锥内角内为内喷嘴口，并安装在喷嘴内。外喷嘴口有内螺纹连接内喷嘴口和防松装置；在水机上盖开孔位用手换外喷嘴口。3.内喷嘴口固定在喷嘴内，把多个不同内径外喷嘴口固定在转盘内，外喷嘴口用内径与内喷嘴口的外径对接，通过操作装置换需要的外喷嘴口。
    喷嘴口优化尺寸后，因增加缓变流区域，整个喷嘴口已加长，需调整甩水器尺寸或换安装位置。
    转盘，通过三轴枢接于机座和喷嘴端面的固定连接板上，转盘内装有多个不同口径的外喷嘴口，工作时选择不同内径外喷嘴口其中一个用于分别对接于内喷嘴口中心后固定，均用于保持射流应有工作水头速度；
    三、换外喷嘴口机械装置使用方法描述：
    轴向位移调节组件，用于驱动转盘轴向往复直线运动，做内、外喷嘴口分离、组合、固定工作，包括第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件；
    旋转电机，为转盘提供换不同口径外喷嘴口，及冲洗固定连接板与转盘贴面水汅的旋转动力及分度工作；
    锁止组件，用于固定转盘已调校好的旋转角度，方便轴向位移，调节组件驱动转盘做套接或离开内喷嘴口的往复直线运动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置，其特征是，该喷嘴组件内安装有两级不同内角喷嘴口，比原增加一级内锥角的缓变流区域；并将多个不同内径外喷嘴口可用手换单个；用固定在转盘上多个外喷嘴口选择好机械换。外嘴口多个不同内径组成，并可单个手动更换或机械更换。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置，其特征是，所述内、外两个喷嘴体组件单套安装。或多个外喷嘴口固定在转盘通过一固定连接板，安装于机座内的喷嘴体出水端面外。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装 置，其特征是，第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件均包括电机、丝杠、丝杠螺母、压板，可用于手动操作，也可用电性操作。所述电机用于提供动力，所述丝杠螺母连接于电机的动力输出端上，所述丝杠螺母安装于压板上，该压板用于轴向往复驱动转盘。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换喷嘴口装置，其特征是，该锁止组件包括第一锁止装置和第二锁止装置可用手动、及电动操作。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置，其特征是，该冲击水轮机换外喷嘴口节水增效装置还设置有电控装置，该电控装置与旋转电机、第一调节器件、第二调节器件、第三调节器件、第一锁止装置、第二锁止装置均既可手动，也可电性连接。
  7. 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置的应用方法，其特征在于，不同外喷嘴口可更换，依次包括以下步骤：
    S1：工作水头将流量经引水管送至喷嘴体构件内，该喷嘴体组件的喷嘴位于水轮机的侧方，流量射向水轮机的水斗上，推动水轮机转动；当需降负荷，此时操纵原有的电控装置发出指令P1，或手动驱动喷针关水停机；
    S2：电控装置发出指令P21，转盘的外喷嘴口离开原内喷嘴口后，解除锁止组件对转盘的限定，然后再发出指令P22驱动转盘转动，根据减负荷需要，选择其中一外喷嘴口与内喷嘴口末端对应连接，由于所述多个外喷嘴口口径不同，因此电控装置按指令最适合当前降负荷的外喷嘴口使用；
    S3：当转盘转动到内、外喷嘴口中心重合的位置时，电控装置发出指令P31，停止驱动转盘；电控装置发出指令P32，恢复锁止组件对转盘的止转限定；最后电控装置发出指令P33，驱动转盘贴紧固定连接板面上，使得外喷嘴口套、压内喷嘴口外径和端面固定；
    S4:如果需要调整使用另一外喷嘴口使用，再执行S2，S3。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置的应用方法，其特征在于：步骤S1还包括子步骤S11：需降负荷时，在发出P1指令之前的电控装置先发出指令P11自行关水关机。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置的应用方法，其特征在于：步骤S2还包括子步骤S21：在电控装置发出指令P21与发出指令P22之间电控单元发出指令P211，驱动转盘离开内喷嘴口。
PCT/CN2016/102971 2016-08-23 2016-10-22 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法 WO2018035953A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610705907.7 2016-08-23
CN201610705907.7A CN106089545B (zh) 2016-08-23 2016-08-23 冲击式水轮机喷嘴口、增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018035953A1 true WO2018035953A1 (zh) 2018-03-01

Family

ID=57225611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2016/102971 WO2018035953A1 (zh) 2016-08-23 2016-10-22 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106089545B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018035953A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106089545B (zh) * 2016-08-23 2019-10-25 苏永发 冲击式水轮机喷嘴口、增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法
CN108372040B (zh) * 2016-11-25 2020-04-17 沈阳芯源微电子设备股份有限公司 一种喷嘴保湿切换机构
CN114654220B (zh) * 2022-02-28 2023-09-15 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 一种冲击式模型水轮机喷嘴装配找正方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849350A (en) * 1928-03-17 1932-03-15 Pelton Water Wheel Co Hydraulic needle nozzle
SU1116206A1 (ru) * 1982-04-22 1984-09-30 Производственное Объединение Турбостроения "Ленинградский Металлический Завод" Привод сопла ковшовой гидротурбины
JPH05321813A (ja) * 1992-05-19 1993-12-07 Fuji Electric Co Ltd ペルトン水車ニードルの土砂混入防止装置
JPH07243539A (ja) * 1994-03-02 1995-09-19 Hitachi Ltd ニードルバルブ
CN2733030Y (zh) * 2004-09-17 2005-10-12 四川东风电机厂有限公司 冲击式水轮机液压控制多喷嘴装置
CN104912718A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-09-16 肖炳生 冲击式或斜击式水轮机喷嘴
CN105829706A (zh) * 2013-09-10 2016-08-03 阿尔斯通再生能源技术公司 冲击式水轮机的液压喷射器及用于此类喷射器的部分拆卸的方法
CN106089545A (zh) * 2016-08-23 2016-11-09 苏永发 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1916391A (zh) * 2006-09-08 2007-02-21 四川东风电机厂有限公司 冲击式水轮机液压控制多喷嘴系统
CN202417781U (zh) * 2011-12-29 2012-09-05 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 全油操作单元控制的水轮机喷嘴结构
DE102013202533B3 (de) * 2013-02-18 2014-04-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Düse für eine Freistrahlturbine
CN104481777B (zh) * 2014-09-29 2016-07-06 华自科技股份有限公司 一种冲击式水轮机多喷嘴切换方法

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849350A (en) * 1928-03-17 1932-03-15 Pelton Water Wheel Co Hydraulic needle nozzle
SU1116206A1 (ru) * 1982-04-22 1984-09-30 Производственное Объединение Турбостроения "Ленинградский Металлический Завод" Привод сопла ковшовой гидротурбины
JPH05321813A (ja) * 1992-05-19 1993-12-07 Fuji Electric Co Ltd ペルトン水車ニードルの土砂混入防止装置
JPH07243539A (ja) * 1994-03-02 1995-09-19 Hitachi Ltd ニードルバルブ
CN2733030Y (zh) * 2004-09-17 2005-10-12 四川东风电机厂有限公司 冲击式水轮机液压控制多喷嘴装置
CN105829706A (zh) * 2013-09-10 2016-08-03 阿尔斯通再生能源技术公司 冲击式水轮机的液压喷射器及用于此类喷射器的部分拆卸的方法
CN104912718A (zh) * 2015-07-01 2015-09-16 肖炳生 冲击式或斜击式水轮机喷嘴
CN106089545A (zh) * 2016-08-23 2016-11-09 苏永发 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZHENG, FAPING: "Flow Passage Hydraulic Optimization of Nozzle and Needle Jet Based on the CFX", LARGE ELECTRIC MACHINE AND HYDRAULIC TURBINE, 31 December 2011 (2011-12-31), pages 48 - 50 *
ZHONG, QUANSHENG ET AL.: "Research on Flow Characteristics of Nozzle and Large Fluctuating Transient Process of Impulse Turbine", WATER RESOURCE AND POWER, vol. 30, no. 9, 30 September 2012 (2012-09-30), pages 130 - 132 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106089545B (zh) 2019-10-25
CN106089545A (zh) 2016-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2018035953A1 (zh) 冲击式水轮机优化水力设计增换外喷嘴口装置及应用方法
US8834102B2 (en) Installation for converting hydraulic energy, and a method of controlling such an installation
CN204591564U (zh) 一种带有后置导叶的混流式水轮机
EP3096002B1 (en) Shutter door-type load regulating apparatus and marine power electric generator apparatus applying same
CN109209736A (zh) 一种复合型高效水轮机
CN209278051U (zh) 冲击式水轮机导水机构混合型喷嘴口
CN208950760U (zh) 一种双转轮整装轴流式水轮机
CN205823532U (zh) 高压废水发电系统
CN208024497U (zh) 一种水轮机
CN110030137A (zh) 一种新型的雨水发电装置
CN204900140U (zh) 一种水轮机进水通道
CN105863930B (zh) 一种小型一体式水轮发电机组
CN212003406U (zh) 一种立式双喷嘴整装水轮机发电机装配体
CN201763503U (zh) 冲击式双转轮水轮机发电装置
CN210164565U (zh) 一种可调式水轮机快速调节机构
CN107829873A (zh) 一种基于双转轮的潮流能水轮机
CN111412103B (zh) 一种冲击式水轮发电机转轮制动方法
CN113417785A (zh) 一种带有换向机构的潮流能水轮机实验装置及实验方法
CN2174574Y (zh) 冲击和斜击式水轮机带有辅助喷嘴装置
CN206129490U (zh) 折向器及设有该折向器的水轮机
CN215762006U (zh) 一种冲击式水轮机喷嘴
CN102128053A (zh) 直驱式气压涡轮机
CN202228253U (zh) 卧式双轮六喷嘴冲击式发电机组
CN203257596U (zh) 整装式轴伸贯流水轮发电机组
CN204663738U (zh) 新型水轮机

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16913973

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 20/08/2019)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16913973

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1