WO2018032815A1 - 河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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WO2018032815A1
WO2018032815A1 PCT/CN2017/083916 CN2017083916W WO2018032815A1 WO 2018032815 A1 WO2018032815 A1 WO 2018032815A1 CN 2017083916 W CN2017083916 W CN 2017083916W WO 2018032815 A1 WO2018032815 A1 WO 2018032815A1
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Prior art keywords
river
ceramsite
lake
carbonized
mud
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PCT/CN2017/083916
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孔德安
王胜奎
翟德勤
王振发
刘学武
张敏
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中电建水环境治理技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2018032815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018032815A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/131—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/32—Burning methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of ceramsite, and particularly relates to a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite and a preparation process thereof
  • River and lake pollution sediments are solid wastes generated during urban sewage treatment. They are rich in pathogens, microorganisms, etc., and have serious environmental hazards. It is easy to cause secondary pollution if improperly handled. China's rivers and lakes are polluted. The amount of sediment is large. The treatment and disposal methods mainly use landfill, land use and a small amount of incineration. These treatment methods, on the one hand, cannot fundamentally reduce the content of harmful substances, and are likely to cause secondary ecological pollution. On the other hand, the sediments of rivers and lakes are not effectively utilized.
  • Ceramsite has the advantages of light weight, high strength, and the like, and is a widely used material.
  • the traditional method of preparing ceramsite requires a large amount of clay to be consumed. As China's clay resources become more and more tense, it is particularly important to find alternative resources that can adhere to soil.
  • the sinter sinter is used to produce ceramsite, which provides a new direction for the exploitation of mud.
  • some companies have attempted to prepare ceramsite from biological sludge or river and lake filthy sediment as the main raw material to prepare sediment ceramsite which can be used as building filler.
  • the existing sediment ceramsite due to the limitations of raw materials and preparation methods, the porosity of the obtained ceramsite ceramsite tends to be low and the quality is relatively heavy, which is difficult to use as a lightweight building material.
  • heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, P b, ZU, and Cd in the sediments of rivers and lakes cannot be effectively solidified, which is likely to cause secondary pollution, thus limiting the further application of ceramsite.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite and a preparation process thereof, aiming at solving the low porosity and high quality of the bottom ceramsite prepared by using the river lake gushing mud in the prior art. Heavy metal cannot be cured effectively.
  • the present invention is implemented in such a way that a river and a lake are filled with carbonized ceramsite, and the river and lake are filled with carbonized pottery.
  • the granules have a closed microporous structure, and the bulk density of the carbonated ceramsite in the river and lake is 300-400 kg/m 3 ;
  • the river and the lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite is made of river mud and mud mud cake, expanding agent, or the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite from the river lake bottom mud cake, desiccant, a bulking agent, the total weight of the raw material of the river lake gushing carbonized ceramsite is 100%, and the weight percentage of the expanding agent is 1-2%;
  • the river lake gushing mud cake is prepared by the following method:
  • the garbage After extracting the contaminated sediment from the river and lake, the garbage is sorted to obtain the sediment mixture after removing the garbage; [0009] the sediment mixture is subjected to fractional precipitation by using a sediment separation device, and the sandstone is sieved to obtain Mud water mixture;
  • ceramsite pre-products are preheated and carbonized in sequence, and after cooling and sieving, the river and the lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite are obtained;
  • the preheating and carbonization treatment is performed in a double cylinder rotary kiln using biomass fuel
  • the double cylinder rotary kiln includes a preheating portion and a sintering portion, and the preheating portion is provided with a lifting material board.
  • the river lake sump bottom carbonized ceramsite provided by the invention adopts the specially treated river lake bottom mud cake as the base material, and significantly reduces the impurity component and heavy metal content in the mud and mud of the river and lake, The relative amount of viscous material is reached. Therefore, by adding a small amount of a bulking agent to the raw material, the ceramsite can be expanded under high temperature conditions to obtain a closed microporous ceramsite having a high porosity, a specific surface area, and a high bulk density.
  • the invention provides a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite, which has high particle strength, strong gas permeability, heat insulation, sound insulation and heat preservation, and can be used as a wall block material or a wall sound insulation material; bottom
  • the heavy metals in the mud-carbonized ceramsite are solidified, which can prevent the occurrence of secondary pollution and meet the criteria for the identification of leaching toxicity of hazardous waste identification standards (GB 5085.3-2007).
  • the preparation process of the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite provided by the invention has strong controllability, environmental protection and energy saving, and the obtained river lake sump bottom carbonized ceramsite has high expansion coefficient and good performance.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a river and lake gushing carbonized ceramsite, the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite has a closed microporous structure, and the bulk density of the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite 300-400kg/m 3 ;
  • the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite is made of river mud and mud mud cake, expanding agent, or the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite from the river lake bottom mud cake, desiccant, a bulking agent, the total weight of the raw material of the river lake gushing carbonized ceramsite is 100%, and the weight percentage of the expanding agent is 1-2%;
  • the river lake gushing mud cake is prepared by the following method:
  • the muddy water mixture is concentrated by a mud concentrating device, and the supernatant is removed to obtain a slurry; [0025] the mud is subjected to conditioning, dehydration and solidification using a dewatering and curing device to obtain a river and lake mud Mud cake.
  • the river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite according to the embodiment of the present invention includes two formula systems.
  • the carbonized ceramsite of the river and the lake is made of mud and mud cake and a bulking agent.
  • the specially treated river lake muddy mud cake is used as the skeleton raw material, and a small amount of the expanding agent is added to prepare the sediment ceramsite, which not only can reduce the production cost, but also can obtain excellent performance - high porosity and bulk density. Relatively low sediment ceramsite.
  • the river and the lake are filled with muddy ceramsite, and the mud and mud cake, desiccant and puffing agent are formed by the river and the lake.
  • the amount of the desiccant added is determined according to the specific water content of the river mud lake bottom mud cake.
  • by adding the desiccant it is possible to reduce the enthalpy of the subsequent drying treatment, and to some extent, avoid the problem that the drying effect is not good due to excessive moisture inside the sediment.
  • the river lake gushing mud mud cake is used as a supporting skeleton component of the river lake gushing bottom carbonized ceramsite, and the composition content thereof has an influence on the obtained carbonized ceramsite of the river lake
  • the contaminated sediment from the rivers and lakes is specially treated to prepare the river mud and mud mud cake.
  • the contaminated sediment will be extracted from the rivers and lakes, and once the garbage is sorted, the sediment is separated, the mud is concentrated, the conditioning is tempered, and the dehydration is solidified, and the river mud lake bottom mud cake is obtained.
  • the thus obtained sediment cake not only effectively reduces the content of substances which are not conducive to the high temperature expansion of the particles, but also promotes high temperature expansion; and can solidify the heavy metals to reduce the content of free heavy metal ions and avoid secondary pollution.
  • the special composite material is used for conditioning and conditioning treatment.
  • the following components are included in the following mass percentages based on 100% by mass of the total mass of the composite material:
  • nano-micron modified cementitious material is preferably prepared by the following method:
  • the nano-silica is mixed with a nano-silica by a mass ratio of 1: 0.03-0.06: 0.01-0.04, and a nano-sized modified cementitious material is obtained by grinding.
  • the composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention can significantly reduce heavy metal content, organic pollutants and microbial content in the sediment.
  • the nano-micron-modified cementitious material is capable of forming micro-inclusions with heavy metals in the sediment, so that it is completely encapsulated and passivated into the solidified body.
  • the trisodium thiocyanate, the activated carbon powder, the zeolite powder or the like captures heavy metals in the contaminated sediment, and further precipitates the heavy metal together with other components.
  • the trisodium thiocyanate salt is a polymer salt, and the special polymer space structure can be used as a ligand to complex with a heavy metal in the sediment to form a chelate compound to precipitate; Moreover, the trisodium thiocyanate salt is less affected by the environment, and can quickly precipitate heavy metal ions from the heavy metal complex to form a precipitate in a wide range of p H to solidify the heavy metal ions.
  • the bulking agent described in the examples of the present invention is a key substance for producing a closed microporous structure.
  • the amount of the expanding agent can be greatly reduced in view of the particularity of the selected river lake muddy mud cake, compared with the conventional 10-20% amount, in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the content of the bulking agent is 1-2%. Thereby, the production cost of the product can be effectively reduced.
  • the amount of the expanding agent should not be less than 1%.
  • the bulking agent is a swelling agent containing iron
  • the bulking agent is a swelling agent containing iron
  • the bulking agent comprises 100% of the total weight of the expanding agent
  • the expanding agent comprises The following components in the following percentage by weight:
  • the bulking agent comprises, as a percentage by weight, of the following components, based on the total weight of the bulking agent:
  • the bulking agent on the one hand, the component in the bulking agent is decomposed to generate an active substance combined with the river mud and mud component, so that the bulking agent is sufficiently dispersed to the river and lake In the bottom mud particles; on the other hand, the iron in the bulking agent generates gas under high temperature conditions, and fully expands the mud and mud components of the river and lake to form a large number of stable closed microporous structures. Still more preferably, the amount of the expanding agent is from 1 to 1.5%.
  • the water content of the river mud sump mud cake obtained by special treatment has a certain difference.
  • the desiccant is selectively added according to the water content of the muddy cake of the river lake.
  • the desiccant is at least one of fly ash, heavy calcium carbonate, and light calcium carbonate.
  • the preferred desiccant not only has a good drying effect, but also is relatively inexpensive, so that the production cost can be reduced.
  • the fly ash is used as a desiccant, and the amount added is not too high, and should be less than 15% by weight of the raw material. If the fly ash is too high, carbonization itself may occur, but the ceramsite obtained by carbonization is a hard ceramsite having a high bulk density (900 kg/m 3 or more), and does not have the characteristics of the porous and light weight of the embodiment of the present invention. Thereby affecting the performance of the cemented ceramsite obtained in the examples of the present invention.
  • the bottomed carbonized ceramsite has a particle size of 15-20 mm, and the ceramsite in the particle size range has good expansion effect, is light in porosity, and can be used as a lightweight material.
  • the carbon lake ceramsite of the river lake has a closed microporous structure, and the bulk density of the carbonated ceramsite of the river and lake is 300-400 kg/m 3 . Therefore, the carbonized ceramsite of the river lake in the embodiment of the present invention is not only light in weight, high in strength, but also has good water repellency, shock resistance, frost resistance, and the thermal conductivity is low, so the heat preservation effect is good.
  • the carbonized ceramsite of the river and the river bottom provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses the specially treated river and lake muddy mud mud cake as the base material, and significantly reduces the impurity component and heavy metal content in the mud and mud of the river and lake. , mentions the relative content of viscous materials. Therefore, by adding a small amount of a bulking agent to the raw material, the ceramsite can be expanded under high temperature conditions to obtain closed microporous structural ceramsite having a high porosity, specific surface area, and bulk density.
  • the invention provides a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite, which has high particle strength, strong gas permeability, heat insulation, sound insulation and heat preservation, and can be used as a wall block material or a wall sound insulation material;
  • the heavy metals in the bottomed carbonized ceramsite are solidified, which can prevent the occurrence of secondary pollution and meet the standard of “Determination of Hazardous Waste Identification Standard Leaching Toxicity” (GB 5085.3-2007).
  • the river lake gushing carbonized ceramsite according to the embodiment of the present invention can be obtained by the following method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite, comprising the following steps:
  • ceramsite pre-products are preheated and carbonized in sequence, and after cooling and sieving, the river lake rushing bottom carbonized ceramsite is obtained;
  • the preheating and carbonization treatment is performed in a double cylinder rotary kiln using biofuel gluten as a raw material, and the double cylinder rotary kiln includes a preheating portion and a sintering portion, and the preheating portion is disposed There is a lifting plate.
  • the formula components of the river lake gushing carbonized ceramsite are as described above, and in order to save space, no further details are provided herein.
  • the river lake rushing mud cake can be crushed by one stirring process to obtain the river lake rushing mud particles; on the other hand, the raw material components can be initially mixed.
  • the auxiliary material since the water content of the muddy cake in the river and lake is relatively high, the auxiliary material also contains a certain amount of water. Therefore, it is necessary to apply muddy cake and other auxiliary materials to the river and lake before treatment. Pretreatment is carried out to reduce the water content in the material, avoiding the generation of a large amount of water vapor in the subsequent carbonization process, resulting in product cracking.
  • the step of aging treatment may allow the bulking agent to fully penetrate into the interior of the sediment particles, and provide a suitable environment for the expansion agent to form a pre-combined body with the sediment component. , to provide conditions for subsequent better sintering.
  • the shaping is improved, and the surface of the formed blank is smooth and flat.
  • the conditions of the aging treatment are aged for 10-12 hours under normal temperature conditions.
  • the aging treatment can make the material properties more uniform and improve plasticity.
  • the raw materials formed by the aging treatment are further uniformly mixed by the secondary agitation treatment, so that the material composition obtained by extrusion into the ball is relatively stable, thereby ensuring the stability of the performance of the product obtained by the subsequent carbonization treatment.
  • the shaped body after the second agitation treatment is subjected to a granulation treatment to form a ceramsite preform.
  • the granulation treatment can form the spherical ceramsite preform by the secondary agitation treatment, and further generate bubbles in the ceramsite preform after subsequent high-temperature sintering.
  • the pressure of the granulation treatment has a certain influence on the strength of the obtained ceramic preform. As a specific embodiment, when the raw material does not contain the dry component ⁇ , the granulation treatment pressure is 4-5 atmospheres; as another specific embodiment, when the raw material contains the dry component ⁇ , the granulation treatment The pressure is 3-4 atmospheres.
  • the formed ceramsite preform has too small particle size or no granulation at all, resulting in the formation of closed micropores after subsequent carbonization; if the pressure is too high, the expansion effect is not good, the porosity is not enough, and the obtained pottery Granules cannot be used as lightweight building materials such as wall block materials or wall insulation materials.
  • the ceramsite preform is preheated in sequence to reduce the water content in the ceramsite preform, and prevent cracking caused by sudden sudden entry of the raw material into a high temperature state and a sharp temperature change; Appropriate viscosity and surface tension are also provided to prepare for the gradual generation of expanding gas, the elimination of excess gas, and the softening of the surface of the ball.
  • the temperature of the pre-heat treatment is too low or the preheating time is too short, because the material does not reach a suitable viscosity and surface tension, and the formed expanded air bubbles rupture and escape, so that the expansion effect of the material ball is not good or does not expand;
  • the temperature of the pre-heat treatment is too high or the preheating time is too long, which is easy to cause high temperature roasting
  • the burst of the ball is 360-380 ° C and the daytime is 2-3 min.
  • the carbonization treatment is a key step in the preparation method of the carbonized ceramsite of the river lake, and the heating temperature and the heating enthalpy play an important role in the expansion of the ceramsite. It directly determines the performance and structure of ceramsite products.
  • the temperature is lower than 1000 ° C, the closed microporous structure cannot be formed; when the temperature of the carbonization treatment is 1000-1100 ° C, the ceramsite body begins to shrink sharply, and the porosity decreases; when the carbonization treatment When the temperature is higher than 1150 ° C, the ceramsite body bursts a lot.
  • the filling pores are relatively high, the venting pores are relatively low, the shrinkage ratio and the green body density are high.
  • the carbonization treatment has a temperature of 1100-1150 ° C and a crucible of 60-70 s. The temperature is too low. The ceramsite cannot expand well. If it is too high, it will cause the ceramsite to shrink. Further, the conditions of the carbonization treatment described above can further effectively cure heavy metals in the material, thereby reducing secondary pollution.
  • the temperature rise from the preheating temperature to the sintering temperature is 30-40 s, thereby ensuring that the ceramsite body expands under a stable environment, avoiding cracking, and more importantly, ⁇ The heating temperature can ensure higher heating efficiency, and then quickly skip the synthesis temperature of the toxic gas dithiane and reduce the formation of dithiane.
  • the preheating and carbonization treatment adopts an environmentally friendly and inexpensive biomass fuel such as gluten. Since the calorific value of the biofuel is limited, in order to fully save energy, further, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a double cylinder rotary kiln for preheating and carbonizing treatment, and the double cylinder rotary kiln includes a preheating portion and a sintering portion, and the pretreatment
  • the hot part is provided with a lifting plate.
  • the lifting plate is arranged such that the ceramsite preform falling into the double-tube rotary kiln after granulation can be dynamically preheated in several mutually isolated paths to prevent uneven preheating caused by material accumulation.
  • the pre-heat treatment is carried out in a double-cylinder rotary kiln, and the temperature during preheating or sintering can be separately controlled to control the preheating of the crucible according to the state of the raw material, thereby obtaining a ceramsite having a better expansion coefficient.
  • the ceramsite prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention has a ceramsite having a particle diameter of 15-20 mm, which accounts for more than 97% of the total ceramsite.
  • the method for preparing carbonized ceramsite of river and lake bottom mud provided by the embodiment of the invention has strong controllability, environmental protection and energy saving, and the obtained carbonized ceramsite of the river lake has high expansion coefficient and good performance.
  • the quality is in full compliance with the national standards for lightweight building materials.
  • a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite is prepared by the following method:
  • the bulking agent is a swelling agent containing iron, and the total weight of the bulking agent is 100%.
  • the bulking agent comprises the following components in the following weight percentages:
  • the river lake bottom mud cake is prepared by the following method:
  • the ceramsite preform is preheated at 370 ° C for 2.5 min, sintered at 1150 ° C for 60 s, and after cooling and sieving, the river lake sump bottom carbonized ceramsite is obtained.
  • the preheating and carbonization treatment is performed in a double cylinder rotary kiln using biofuel gluten as a raw material, and the double cylinder rotary kiln includes a preheating portion and a sintering portion, and the preheating portion is disposed There is a lifting plate.
  • a river and lake bottom mud carbonized ceramsite prepared by the following method:
  • the desiccant is fly ash
  • the puffing agent is an expansion agent containing iron
  • the bulking agent comprises the following weight percentage based on 100% of the total weight of the bulking agent.
  • the river lake bottom mud cake is prepared by the following method:
  • the garbage After extracting the contaminated sediment from the river and lake, the garbage is sorted to obtain the sediment mixture after removing the garbage; [0112] the sediment mixture is subjected to fractional sedimentation by using a sediment separation device, and the sandstone is sieved to obtain Mud water mixture;
  • the muddy water mixture is concentrated by a mud concentrating device, and the supernatant is removed to obtain a slurry; [0114] the mud is subjected to conditioning, dehydration and solidification using a dewatering and curing device to obtain a river and lake mud Mud cake.
  • the ceramsite preform is preheated at 370 ° C for 2.5 min, sintered at 1150 ° C for 60 s, and after cooling and sieving, the river sump bottom carbonized ceramsite is obtained.
  • the preheating and carbonization treatment is performed in a double cylinder rotary kiln using biofuel gluten as a raw material, and the double cylinder rotary kiln includes a preheating portion and a sintering portion, and the preheating portion is disposed There is a lifting plate.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be used as a wall block material or a wall sound insulating material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒，陶粒具有闭微孔结构，其堆积密度为300‑400kg/m 3；河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、膨化剂制成，或河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、干燥剂、膨化剂制成，以河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为100%计，膨化剂的重量百分含量为1‑2%。

Description

河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒及其制备工艺 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于陶粒技术领域， 尤其涉及一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒及其制备工艺 背景技术
[0002] 河湖泊涌污染底泥是城市污水处理过程中产生的一种固体废物， 富含病原体、 微生物等， 环境危害性大， 处理不当很容易引起二次污染。 我国河湖泊涌污染 底泥量大， 处理处置方式主要采用填埋、 土地利用及少量焚烧等方式。 这些处 理方法， 一方面不能从根本上降低有害物质的含量， 容易造成二次生态环境污 染， 另一方面， 河湖泊涌污染底泥没有得到有效的利用。
[0003] 陶粒具有质轻、 强度高等优点， 是一种应用领域广泛的材料。 传统方法制备陶 粒吋， 需要消耗大量的粘土。 由于我国粘土资源越来越紧张， 因此寻找能够粘 土的可替代资源显得尤为重要。 河湖泊涌污染底泥烧结制取陶粒， 提供了一个 新的泥底资源化的方向。 目前， 有企业尝试以生物污泥或河河湖泊涌污染底泥 作为主要原材料制备陶粒， 制备可用作建筑填充料的底泥陶粒。 然而， 现有的 底泥陶粒， 由于原料和制备方法的限制， 得到的底泥陶粒孔隙率往往偏低、 质 量相对较重， 难以作为轻质建材使用。 此外， 河湖泊涌污染底泥中的 Cu、 Ni、 P b、 ZU、 Cd等重金属不能得到有效固化， 容易造成二次污染， 从而限制了陶粒的 进一步应用。
技术问题
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒及其制备工艺， 旨在解决现 有技术采用河湖泊涌底泥制备得到的底泥陶粒孔隙率低、 质量较重、 重金属不 能有效固化的问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明是这样实现的， 一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶 粒具有闭微孔结构， 且所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的堆积密度为 300-400kg/m 3 ;
[0006] 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 膨化剂制成， 或所述河湖泊 涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 干燥剂、 膨化剂制成， 以所述河湖泊涌 底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂的重量百分含量为 1-2%；
[0007] 其中， 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼由下述方法制备获得：
[0008] 从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥后， 进行垃圾分选， 去除垃圾后得到泥沙混合物； [0009] 利用泥沙分离设备对所述泥沙混合物进行分级沉淀， 筛除砂石后得到泥水混合 物；
[0010] 采用泥浆浓缩设备将所述泥水混合物进行浓缩处理， 滗除上清液后得到泥浆； [0011] 采用脱水固化装置将所述泥浆进行调理调质和脱水固化， 得到河湖泊涌底泥泥 饼。
[0012] 以及， 一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备工艺， 包括以下步骤：
[0013] 按照上述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的配方称取各组分， 进行一次搅拌处理， 得到 混合物料；
[0014] 将所述混合物料进行干燥处理后， 依次进行陈化、 二次搅拌、 制粒处理， 得到 陶粒预制品；
[0015] 将所述陶粒预制品依次进行预热、 碳化处理， 经冷却、 筛分后得到河湖泊涌底 泥碳化陶粒；
[0016] 其中， 所述预热、 碳化处理采用生物质燃料、 在双筒回转窑中进行， 且所述双 筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预热部分设置有扬料板。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0017] 本发明提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 采用经特殊处理后的河湖泊涌底泥泥饼 作为基体原料， 显著降低了河湖泊涌底泥中的杂质成分和重金属含量， 提到了 粘性物质的相对含量。 因此， 可以通过在原料中添加少量膨化剂， 即可在高温 条件下促进陶粒膨胀， 得到孔隙率、 比表面积、 堆积密度高的闭微孔结构陶粒 。 本发明提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 颗粒强度高， 且透气、 隔热、 隔音、 保温作用强， 能够用作墙体砌块材料或墙体隔音材料； 此外， 所述河湖泊涌底 泥碳化陶粒中重金属得到固化， 可以防止二次污染的发生， 满足 《危险废物鉴 别标准浸出毒性鉴别》 （GB 5085.3-2007) 标准。 本发明提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳 化陶粒的制备工艺， 可控性强， 环保节能， 且制备得到的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶 粒膨胀系数高， 具有较好的性能。
本发明的实施方式
[0018] 为了使本发明要解决的技术问题、 技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白， 以下结 合实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体实施 例仅仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
[0019] 本发明实施例提供了一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒 具有闭微孔结构， 且所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的堆积密度为 300-400kg/m 3 ;
[0020] 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 膨化剂制成， 或所述河湖泊 涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 干燥剂、 膨化剂制成， 以所述河湖泊涌 底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂的重量百分含量为 1-2%；
[0021] 其中， 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼由下述方法制备获得：
[0022] 从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥后， 进行垃圾分选， 去除垃圾后得到泥沙混合物； [0023] 利用泥沙分离设备对所述泥沙混合物进行分级沉淀， 筛除砂石后得到泥水混合 物；
[0024] 采用泥浆浓缩设备将所述泥水混合物进行浓缩处理， 滗除上清液后得到泥浆； [0025] 采用脱水固化装置将所述泥浆进行调理调质和脱水固化， 得到河湖泊涌底泥泥 饼。
[0026] 本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒包括两配方体系。 作为一个具体优选 实施例， 当所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水率 < 40%吋， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶 粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 膨化剂制成。 该实施例中， 以经过特殊处理的河湖泊 涌底泥泥饼作为骨架原料， 添加少量的膨化剂制备底泥陶粒， 不仅能够降低生 产成本， 而且能够得到性能优异 -孔隙率高、 堆积密度相对低的底泥陶粒。 作为 另一个具体优选实施例， 当所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水率≥40%吋， 所述河湖 泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 干燥剂、 膨化剂制成， 其中， 所述干 燥剂的添加量根据所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的具体含水量来定。 该实施例中， 通 过添加所述干燥剂可以减少后续干燥处理的吋间， 并一定程度上避免底泥内部 水分过多导致干燥效果不佳的问题。
[0027] 具体的， 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼作为所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的支撑骨架成 分， 其组成含量对得到的所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的影响较大， 直接从河湖 泊涌提取的污染底泥由于杂质含量过高、 而粘结性成分过低， 无法制备获得高 孔隙率的陶粒。 因此， 本发明实施例中， 将来自于河湖泊涌的污染底泥进行特 殊处理后制备河湖泊涌底泥泥饼。
[0028] 具体的， 将从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥一次经过垃圾分选、 泥沙分离、 泥浆浓缩 、 调理调质和脱水固化后， 得到的河湖泊涌底泥泥饼。 由此得到的底泥泥饼， 不仅有效降低了不利于颗粒高温膨胀的物质含量， 促进高温膨胀； 而且可以将 重金属进行固化， 减少游离重金属离子的含量， 避免二次污染。
[0029] 进一步优选的， 采用特殊的复合材料进行调理调质处理。 以所述复合材料的总 质量为 100%计， 包括如下质量百分含量的下列组分：
[0030] 纳微米改性胶凝材料 52-78.7%；
[0031] 聚合硅酸铝铁 6-12%；
[0032] 沸石粉 3- 7%；
[0033] 活性氧化钙 2-8%；
[0034] 无水石膏 3-6%；
[0035] 活性碳粉 2-6%；
[0036] 硅酸钠 0.2-1%；
[0037] 硅微粉 4- 7%；
[0038] 三聚硫氰酸三钠盐 0.1-1.
[0039] 其中， 所述纳微米改性胶凝材料优选通过下述方法制备获得：
[0040] (1) 以下述原料总质量为 100%计， 提供如下重量百分含量的各组分:
[0041] 活性 Si0 2 37.0-45.3%；
[0042] 活性 A1 20 3 14.6-25.5%,
[0043] 活性 CaO 12.5-21.8% , [0044] 活性 Fe 20 3 6.8-17.5% ,
[0045] 活性 Ti0 2 0-2% ,
[0046] 活性 Na 20 1.5-2.5%,
[0047] 活性 MgO 1-2%；
[0048] (2) 将上述各组分进行混合处理形成混合物料， 将所述混合物料在 1000-1450
°C条件下煅烧 20-45min， 得到烧结物；
[0049] (3) 将所述烧结物与半水 CaSO 4
和纳米二氧化硅按质量比为 1 : 0.03-0.06： 0.01-0.04进行混合， 磨细处理后得到 纳微米改性胶凝材料。
[0050] 本发明实施例提供的所述复合材料， 可显著降低所述底泥中重金属含量、 有机 污染物、 微生物含量。 特别的， 所述纳微米改性胶凝材料能够与所述底泥中的 重金属形成微包裹体， 使其完全被包裹钝化到底泥固结体中。 所述三聚硫氰酸 三钠盐、 所述活性碳粉、 所述沸石粉等捕捉污染底泥中的重金属， 进而与其他 组分一起将所述重金属沉淀下来。 具体的， 所述三聚硫氰酸三钠盐为一种高分 子盐， 其特殊的高分子空间结构， 可以作为配体与所述底泥中的重金属络合， 形成螯合物从而沉淀； 且所述三聚硫氰酸三钠盐受环境影响较小， 能在较宽的 p H范围内迅速地从重金属络合物中螯合出重金属离子形成沉淀物， 将重金属离子 固化。
[0051] 本发明实施例中， 由于经过特殊处理的所述底泥中的有机质含量相对较低， 由 有机质碳化形成的孔隙有限， 且有机质碳化形成的孔隙不具备质轻的特征。 因 此， 本发明实施例所述膨化剂是产生闭微孔结构的关键物质。 本发明实施例中 ， 鉴于所选用的河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的特殊性， 所述膨化剂的用量可以大幅度降 低， 与常规的 10-20%的用量相比， 本发明实施例所述膨化剂的含量为 1-2%。 由 此， 可有效降低产品的生产成本。 当然， 应当理解， 所述膨化剂的用量不能低 于 1%， 当所述膨化剂的含量过低吋， 无法将所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的成分充分 膨胀， 得不到闭微孔结构， 或得到的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的结构不稳定； 基 于本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的特殊性， 当所述膨化剂的含量过高吋 ， 膨化效果太强， 导致微孔破裂形成通孔。 [0052] 进一步优选的， 所述膨化剂为含有铁澄的膨化剂， 所述膨化剂为含有铁澄的膨 化剂， 且以所述膨化剂的总重重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂包括如下重量百分含量 的下述组分：
[0053] 三氧化二铁 40-50% ;
[0054] 二氧化硅 30-40% ;
[0055] 三氧化二铝 15-20%。
[0056] 作为具体优选实施例， 以所述膨化剂的总重重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂包括如 下重量百分含量的下述组分：
[0057] 三氧化二铁 48%;
[0058] 二氧化硅 35%;
[0059] 三氧化二铝 \Ί 。
[0060] 优选的所述膨化剂， 一方面， 所述膨化剂中的成分能分解产生与所述河湖泊涌 底泥成分结合的活性物质， 使得所述膨化剂充分分散到所述河湖泊涌底泥颗粒 中； 另一方面， 所述膨化剂中的铁澄在高温条件下产生气体、 将河湖泊涌底泥 成分充分膨胀， 形成大量稳定的闭微孔结构。 更进一步优选的， 所述膨胀剂的 用量为 1-1.5%。
[0061] 本发明实施例中， 经特殊处理得到的河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水量有一定的差异 ， 当原料的含水量较高吋， 烧结过程中会有大量水蒸气涌出， 使陶粒过分膨胀 至表面幵裂。 因此， 本发明实施例根据所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水量情况， 选择性地添加干燥剂。 优选的， 所述干燥剂为粉煤灰、 重质碳酸钙、 轻质碳酸 钙中的至少一种。 优选的所述干燥剂， 不仅具有较好的干燥效果， 且价格相对 便宜， 因此可以降低生产成本。 但是， 值得说明的是， 本发明实施例中以粉煤 灰作为干燥剂吋， 添加量不易过高， 应低于原料重量的 15%。 若所述粉煤灰过高 ， 其本身也会发生碳化， 但碳化得到的陶粒为堆积密度高 （900kg/m 3以上） 的 坚硬陶粒， 不具备本发明实施例多孔、 质轻的特征， 从而影响本发明实施例得 到的底泥碳化陶粒的性能。
[0062] 本发明实施例中， 优选的， 所述底泥碳化陶粒粒径为 15-20mm， 该粒径范围内 的陶粒， 膨胀效果较好， 多孔质轻， 可用作轻质材料。 [0063] 本发明实施例提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 具有闭微孔结构， 且所述河湖泊 涌底泥碳化陶粒的堆积密度为 300-400kg/m 3。 因此， 本发明实施例提供的河湖泊 涌底泥碳化陶粒不仅质轻、 强度高， 具备较好的防水性、 抗震性、 抗冻性， 而 且其导热系数较低， 因此保温效果较好， 可用作墙体砌块材料或墙体隔音材料
[0064] 本发明实施例提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 采用经特殊处理后的河湖泊涌底 泥泥饼作为基体原料， 显著降低了河湖泊涌底泥中的杂质成分和重金属含量， 提到了粘性物质的相对含量。 因此， 可以通过在原料中添加少量膨化剂， 即可 在高温条件下促进陶粒膨胀， 得到孔隙率、 比表面积、 堆积密度高的闭微孔结 构陶粒。 本发明提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 颗粒强度高， 且透气、 隔热、 隔音、 保温作用强， 能够用作墙体砌块材料或墙体隔音材料； 此外， 所述河湖 泊涌底泥碳化陶粒中重金属得到固化， 可以防止二次污染的发生， 满足 《危险 废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》 （GB 5085.3-2007) 标准。
[0065] 本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒可以通过下述方法制备获得。
[0066] 以及， 本发明实施例还提供了一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 包括以 下步骤：
[0067] S01.按照上述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的配方称取各组分， 进行一次搅拌处理， 得到混合物料；
[0068] S02.将所述混合物料进行干燥处理后， 依次进行陈化、 二次搅拌、 制粒处理， 得到陶粒预制品；
[0069] S03.将所述陶粒预制品依次进行预热、 碳化处理， 经冷却、 筛分后得到河湖泊 涌底泥碳化陶粒；
[0070] 其中， 所述预热、 碳化处理以生物燃料谷糠作为原料、 在双筒回转窑中进行， 且所述双筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预热部分设置有扬料板。
[0071] 具体的， 上述步骤 S01中， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的配方组分如上文所述 ， 为了节约篇幅， 此处不再赘述。 本发明实施例中， 通过一次搅拌处理， 一方 面可以将所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼进行破碎， 得到河湖泊涌底泥颗粒； 另一方面 ， 可以使得各原料组分进行初步混合。 [0072] 上述步骤 S02中， 由于所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼含水量相对较高， 辅料也含有一 定量水分， 因此， 在处理前需要对所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼及其他辅料进行预处 理， 以减少物料中的含水量， 避免后续碳化过程中大量水蒸气的产生涌出， 造 成产品幵裂。
[0073] 本发明实施例中， 所述陈化处理的步骤， 可以使得所述膨化剂充分渗入底泥颗 粒的内部， 并为所述膨化剂与底泥成分结合形成预结合体提供合适的环境， 为 后续更好地烧结提供条件。 经过所述陈化处理后的原料， 塑形得到提高， 其成 型坯体表面光滑平整。 具体的， 所述陈化处理的条件为常温条件下陈化 10-12h。 此外， 所述陈化处理可以使得原料性能更加均匀， 并提高塑性。
[0074] 所述陈化处理后， 预结合体有可能存在集中出现的情况， 进而在后续高温膨胀 吋， 气泡不能均匀释放， 导致材料的均匀稳定性降低。 本发明实施例通过所述 二次搅拌处理， 将陈化处理后形成的原料进一步混合均匀， 使得挤压成球得到 的物料成分相对稳定， 进而保障后续碳化处理得到的产品性能的稳定性。
[0075] 将经过二次搅拌处理后的成型坯体进行制粒处理， 形成陶粒预制品。 所述制粒 处理能够将二次搅拌处理后的原料粉体形成球状陶粒预制品， 进而在后续高温 烧结吋在陶粒预制品内产生气泡、 形成孔隙。 所述制粒处理的压力对得到的陶 粒预制品的强度有一定的影响。 作为一个具体实施例， 当原料中不含有干燥成 分吋， 所述制粒处理的压力为 4-5个大气压； 作为另一个具体实施例， 当原料中 含有干燥成分吋， 所述制粒处理的压力为 3-4个大气压。 压力过低吋， 形成的陶 粒预制品粒径过小、 或完全不制粒， 导致后续碳化处理后无法形成闭微孔； 若 压力过高， 膨胀效果不好， 孔隙率不够， 得到的陶粒不能用作轻质建材如墙体 砌块材料或墙体隔热材料。
[0076] 上述步骤 S03中， 将所述陶粒预制品依次进行预热， 降低所述陶粒预制品中的 含水量， 防止由于原料突然进入高温状态、 温度急剧变化所引起的炸裂； 同吋 也提供合适的粘度和表面张力， 为膨胀气体的逐渐产生、 多余气体的排除和料 球表层的软化做准备。 所述预热处理的温度过低或预热吋间过短吋， 由于物料 未达到合适的粘度和表面张力、 形成的膨胀气泡破裂逸出， 使料球膨胀效果不 佳或不膨胀； 所述预热处理的温度过高或预热吋间过长， 易造成高温焙烧吋料 球的炸裂。 优选的， 所述预热处理的温度为 360-380°C， 吋间为 2-3min。
[0077] 本发明实施粒中， 所述碳化处理是所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒制备方法的关键 步骤， 其加热温度和加热吋间对陶粒的膨胀起着至关重要的作用， 直接决定了 陶粒产品的性能和结构。 当温度低于 1000°C吋， 无法形成闭微孔结构； 当所述碳 化处理的温度在 1000-1100°C吋， 陶粒坯体幵始剧烈收缩， 气孔率减少； 当所述 碳化处理的温度高于 1150°C吋， 陶粒坯体大量炸裂。 因此， 为了保证所述陶粒的 闭微孔结构， 并使得填充气孔较高、 幵口气孔相对较低、 收缩率和坯体致密度 较高。 优选的， 所述碳化处理的温度为 1100-1150°C， 吋间为 60-70s。 温度过低 陶粒不能良好的膨胀， 过高则会引起陶粒紧缩现象的产生。 此外， 优选的所述 碳化处理的条件， 可以进一步有效固化材料中的重金属， 从而减轻二次污染。
[0078] 优选的， 从所述预热温度升温至所述烧结温度的升温吋间为 30-40s， 从而保证 所述陶粒坯体在稳定环境下发生膨胀、 避免幵裂， 更重要的吋， 该升温吋间可 以保证较高的升温效率， 进而快速跳过有毒气体二噻英的合成温度， 减少二噻 的形成。
[0079] 进一步的， 所述预热、 碳化处理采用环保、 廉价的生物质燃料如谷糠。 由于生 物燃料的热值有限， 为了充分节能， 更进一步的， 本发明实施例采用双筒回转 窑进行预热、 碳化处理， 所述双筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预 热部分设置有扬料板。 所述扬料板的设置， 使得制粒后落入双筒回转窑的陶粒 预制品能够以几条相互隔离的路径进行动态预热， 防止材料的堆积导致的预热 不均匀。 此外， 采用双筒回转窑进行预热处理， 可单独控制预热或烧结过程中 的温度， 以便根据原料的状态控制其预热吋间， 进而得到膨胀系数较好的陶粒
[0080] 通过本发明实施例方法制备得到的陶粒， 粒径在 15-20mm的陶粒占陶粒总量的 97%以上。
[0081] 本发明实施例提供的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 可控性强， 环保节能 ， 且制备得到的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒膨胀系数高， 具有较好的性能， 质量完 全符合国家轻质建材的标准。
[0082] 下面结合具体实施例进行说明。 [0083] 实施例 1
[0084] 一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 通过下述方法制备获得：
[0085] S11.以所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为 100%计， 提供下述重量百分 含量的各原料， 将各原料进行一次搅拌处理， 得到混合物料：
[0086] 河湖泊涌底泥泥饼 97.5%;
[0087] 膨化剂 1.5%;
[0088] 其中， 所述膨化剂为含有铁澄的膨化剂， 且以所述膨化剂的总重重为 100%计
， 所述膨化剂包括如下重量百分含量的下述组分：
[0089] 三氧化二铁 40-50%;
[0090] 二氧化硅 30-40%;
[0091] 三氧化二铝 15-20%;
[0092] 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼由下述方法制备获得：
[0093] 从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥后， 进行垃圾分选， 去除垃圾后得到泥沙混合物； [0094] 利用泥沙分离设备对所述泥沙混合物进行分级沉淀， 筛除砂石后得到泥水混合 物；
[0095] 采用泥浆浓缩设备将所述泥水混合物进行浓缩处理， 滗除上清液后得到泥浆； [0096] 采用脱水固化装置将所述泥浆进行调理调质和脱水固化， 得到河湖泊涌底泥泥 饼。
[0097] S12.将所述混合物料进行干燥处理后， 依次进行陈化、 二次搅拌、 制粒处理， 得到陶粒预制品， 其中， 制粒压力为 4-5个大气压；
[0098] S13.将所述陶粒预制品在 370°C条件下预热 2.5min， 在 1150°C条件下烧结 60s， 经冷却、 筛分后得到河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒，
[0099] 其中， 所述预热、 碳化处理以生物燃料谷糠作为原料、 在双筒回转窑中进行， 且所述双筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预热部分设置有扬料板。
[0100] 实施例 2
[0101] 一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 通过下述方法制备获得：
[0102] S21.以所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为 100%计， 提供下述重量百分 含量的各原料， 将各原料进行一次搅拌处理， 得到混合物料： [0103] 河湖泊涌底泥泥饼 87.5%;
[0104] 干燥剂 10%;
[0105] 膨化剂 1.5%;
[0106] 其中， 所述干燥剂为粉煤灰， 所述膨化剂为含有铁澄的膨化剂， 且以所述膨化 剂的总重重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂包括如下重量百分含量的下述组分：
[0107] 三氧化二铁 40-50%;
[0108] 二氧化硅 30-40%;
[0109] 三氧化二铝 15-20%;
[0110] 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼由下述方法制备获得：
[0111] 从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥后， 进行垃圾分选， 去除垃圾后得到泥沙混合物； [0112] 利用泥沙分离设备对所述泥沙混合物进行分级沉淀， 筛除砂石后得到泥水混合 物；
[0113] 采用泥浆浓缩设备将所述泥水混合物进行浓缩处理， 滗除上清液后得到泥浆； [0114] 采用脱水固化装置将所述泥浆进行调理调质和脱水固化， 得到河湖泊涌底泥泥 饼。
[0115] S22.将所述混合物料进行干燥处理后， 依次进行陈化、 二次搅拌、 制粒处理， 得到陶粒预制品， 其中， 制粒压力为 3-4个大气压；
[0116] S23.将所述陶粒预制品在 370°C条件下预热 2.5min， 在 1150°C条件下烧结 60s， 经冷却、 筛分后得到河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒，
[0117] 其中， 所述预热、 碳化处理以生物燃料谷糠作为原料、 在双筒回转窑中进行， 且所述双筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预热部分设置有扬料板。
[0118] 将实施例 1、 实施例 2制备获得的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒进行性能检测， 性能测 试条件和结果如下所示。
[0119] (1)导热系数： 将所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒进行导热性测试， 其导热系数在 0.
009-0.137之间， 可见， 本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒具有较好的保 温性能；
[0120] (2)抗冻性： 将所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒在 -40°C条件下冻存 24h后， 依次在 10 0°C条件烘烤和 -40°C条件冻存 12h， 并按此操作循环 6次后， 检测其处理前后的质 量损失量。 结果显示， 本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒处理前后质量 损失量≤0.03%。
[0121] (3)抗震性： 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒惯性力小， 抗震能力高；
[0122] (4)防水性： 将所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒进行防水性测试， 其吸水率均低于 15
%。 可见， 本发明实施例所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒具有较好的防水性能。
[0123] 综合上述指标， 本发明实施例可以用于用作墙体砌块材料或墙体隔音材料。
[0124] 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶 粒具有闭微孔结构， 且所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的堆积密度为 300- 400kg/m 3;
所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 膨化剂制成， 或所 述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 干燥剂、 膨化剂制成 ， 以所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的原料总重为 100%计， 所述膨化剂 的重量百分含量为 1-2%;
其中， 所述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼由下述方法制备获得： 从河湖泊涌提取污染底泥后， 进行垃圾分选， 去除垃圾后得到泥沙混 合物；
利用泥沙分离设备对所述泥沙混合物进行分级沉淀， 筛除砂石后得到 泥水混合物；
采用泥浆浓缩设备将所述泥水混合物进行浓缩处理， 滗除上清液后得 到泥浆；
采用脱水固化装置将所述泥浆进行调理调质和脱水固化， 得到河湖泊 涌底泥泥饼。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所述膨化 剂为含有铁澄的膨化剂， 且以所述膨化剂的总重为 100%计， 所述膨 化剂包括如下重量百分含量的下述组分：
三氧化二铁 40-50%;
二氧化硅 30-40%;
三氧化二铝 15-20%。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所述膨化 剂的重量百分含量为 1-1.5%。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1-3任一所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所 述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水率 < 40%， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由 河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 膨化剂制成。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1-3任一所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所 述河湖泊涌底泥泥饼的含水率≥40%， 所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒由 河湖泊涌底泥泥饼、 干燥剂、 膨化剂制成。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 1-3任一所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒， 其特征在于， 所 述干燥剂为粉煤灰、 重质碳酸钙、 轻质碳酸钙中的至少一种。
[权利要求 7] —种河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 包括以下步骤：
按照权利要求 1-6任一所述河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的配方称取各组分
， 进行一次搅拌处理， 得到混合物料；
将所述混合物料进行干燥处理后， 依次进行陈化、 二次搅拌、 制粒处 理， 得到陶粒预制品；
将所述陶粒预制品依次进行预热、 碳化处理， 经冷却、 筛分后得到河 湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒；
其中， 所述预热、 碳化处理采用生物质燃料、 在双筒回转窑中进行， 且所述双筒回转窑包括预热部分和烧结部分， 且所述预热部分设置有 扬料板。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 其特征在于
， 所述预热处理的温度为 360-380°C， 吋间为 2-3min。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 7所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 其特征在于
， 所述碳化处理的温度为 1100-1150°C， 吋间为 50-70s。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 8或 9任一所述的河湖泊涌底泥碳化陶粒的制备方法， 其特 征在于， 从所述预热温度升温至所述烧结温度的升温吋间为 30-40s。
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