WO2018032655A1 - 一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元 - Google Patents

一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元 Download PDF

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WO2018032655A1
WO2018032655A1 PCT/CN2016/108432 CN2016108432W WO2018032655A1 WO 2018032655 A1 WO2018032655 A1 WO 2018032655A1 CN 2016108432 W CN2016108432 W CN 2016108432W WO 2018032655 A1 WO2018032655 A1 WO 2018032655A1
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Prior art keywords
branch
power unit
circuit breaker
hybrid high
bridge structure
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PCT/CN2016/108432
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔚泉清
程铁汉
马俊海
王鹏
高树同
吴军辉
钟建英
卢敬伟
贾娜
渠学景
王勇
刘智全
刘浩
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国家电网公司
平高集团有限公司
北京平高清大科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2018032655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018032655A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567—Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/08116—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in composite switches

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of a DC circuit breaker, and in particular to a hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker and a power unit thereof.
  • hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breakers have been widely used in high-voltage flexible DC transmission systems and multi-terminal flexible DC transmission systems.
  • ABB Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • the invention patent "CN IGBT driving method for high voltage DC circuit breaker" disclosed in CN 104702256 A discloses a driving method of an IGBT including a high voltage DC circuit breaker having an H bridge structure.
  • the fault current will charge the capacitor through the anti-parallel diode of the power device, thereby realizing the voltage equalization control and energy transfer of the fault.
  • the loss, heat dissipation and life of the H-bridge module are affected due to the large fault current in the anti-parallel diode of the power device.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker and a power unit thereof for solving the problem that the anti-parallel diode of the fully-controlled power device is subjected to the fault current during the process of breaking the fault current of the DC circuit breaker. The problem.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker power unit, the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker power unit adopts an improved H bridge structure, and the improved H bridge structure includes three parallel branches, wherein the first The branch circuit includes a capacitor, and the second branch and the third branch each include two anti-series full-control power devices, and each of the fully-controlled power devices has a diode in anti-parallel at both ends.
  • the fully-controlled power device may adopt an IGBT or an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT).
  • IGBT integrated gate commutated thyristor
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker, the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker including a through-current branch and a transfer branch; wherein the transfer branch includes a plurality of serially connected transfer branch power units;
  • the transfer branch power unit employs a modified H-bridge structure including three parallel branches, wherein the first branch includes a capacitor, and the second branch and the third branch include Two anti-series full-control power devices, the parallel points of the three parallel branches are respectively the input end and the output end of the improved H-bridge structure.
  • the fully-controlled power device can adopt IGBT or IGCT.
  • the through-flow branch includes a mechanical switch and a through-branch power unit, the through-branch power unit adopts the improved H-bridge structure, or the through-branch power unit adopts an H-bridge Topology.
  • the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker further includes an energy consumption branch composed of a lightning arrester unit for consuming a fault current.
  • the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not increase the cost, and does not increase the complexity of the circuit structure.
  • the H-bridge topology is improved so that after the power unit is blocked, the fault current does not flow through the anti-parallel diode of the fully-controlled power device in the power unit, and the capacitor is directly charged.
  • the DC circuit breaker power unit has the characteristics of high reliability, long device life and low heat dissipation pressure, and can effectively improve the performance of the hybrid DC circuit breaker using the DC circuit breaker power unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power unit of a hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker and a power unit thereof.
  • the main improvement is that: on the basis of the H-bridge structure, the capacitor used to connect the two bridge arms in the H-bridge structure is changed to two bridge arms. Wiring method for parallel connection.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker power unit.
  • each power unit includes three parallel branches, wherein the first branch includes one capacitor C, and the second branch includes two The anti-series fully controlled power devices D1 and D2, the third branch includes two anti-series fully controlled power devices D3 and D4.
  • the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit adopts a modified H-bridge structure, and the improved H-bridge structure includes three pieces as shown in FIG.
  • the branch road that is, the first branch includes a capacitor C, the second branch includes two anti-series full-control power devices D1 and D2, and the third branch includes two anti-series full-control types. Power devices D3 and D4.
  • the fully-controlled power device may adopt an IGBT or an IGCT.
  • the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker includes a through-flow branch and a transfer branch connected in parallel.
  • the transfer branch comprises a plurality of transfer branch power units connected in series;
  • the through branch includes a mechanical switch and a through branch power unit.
  • the power unit is a plurality of serially connected branching branch power units included in the branching branch of the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker.
  • the parallel points of the three parallel branches are respectively the input end and the output end of the transfer branch power unit, which are respectively recorded as P1 and P2.
  • the power unit is a through-current branch power unit included in a through-flow branch of the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide an embodiment of a hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker.
  • the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker includes a through-current branch and a branch branch connected in parallel.
  • the transfer branch comprises a plurality of serially connected transfer branch power units, the transfer branch power unit adopting a modified H-bridge structure, the improved H-bridge structure comprising three parallel branches, wherein the first branch comprises A capacitor, a second branch and a third branch each comprise two fully-controlled power devices in anti-series, the parallel points of the three parallel branches being the input and output of the improved H-bridge structure, respectively.
  • the fully-controlled power device may adopt an IGBT or an IGCT.
  • the through-flow branch comprises a mechanical switch and a through-branch power unit, wherein the through-branch power unit adopts the improved H-bridge structure; here, the through-branch power unit is also An H-bridge topology can be used.
  • the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker further includes an energy consumption branch composed of a lightning arrester unit for consuming a fault current.
  • the working principle of hybrid high voltage DC circuit breakers includes:
  • the DC circuit breaker When there is no short circuit fault in the DC system, the DC circuit breaker is in the on state, and all the shutdown devices D1 to D4 in the power unit are triggered to be turned on. At this time, if the system current flows from the A terminal to the B terminal, the current is divided into two paths, one through the anti-parallel diode of D1 and D2, and the other through the anti-parallel diodes of D3 and D4. If the system current flows from the B terminal to the A terminal, the current is also divided into two paths, one through the D2 anti-parallel diode and D1, and the other through the D4 and D3 anti-parallel diodes. Since the conduction voltage drop is very low (almost zero) when D1 to D4 and their anti-parallel diodes are turned on, there is only a very low voltage on the capacitor C.
  • the DC breaker starts to break the fault current, and all the controllable devices D1 to D4 in the power unit trigger the latch-up. If the fault current before blocking is flowing from the A terminal to the B terminal, since the D2 and D3 are blocked, the fault current cannot flow through the power device, and the capacitor C is charged, and the flow direction is from A to B. When the capacitor voltage rises to the design value, the latching is completed, and the DC breaker realizes the fault current breaking. If the fault current before blocking is flowing from the B end to the A end, since the D1 and D4 are blocked, the fault current cannot flow through the power device, and the capacitor C is charged, and the flow direction is from B to A. When the capacitor voltage rises to the design value, the latching is completed, and the DC breaker realizes the fault current breaking.
  • the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker is composed of a through branch and a transfer branch; wherein the through branch includes a mechanical switch and a through branch power unit; and the transfer branch includes a plurality of modified H bridge structured transfer branches Power unit; the improved H-bridge structure comprises three parallel branches, wherein the first branch comprises a capacitor, the second branch and the third branch comprise two fully-controlled power devices in anti-series;
  • the structure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit is an improved H-bridge structure; thus, in the process of breaking the fault current, the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit avoids the current impact of the fault current on the anti-parallel diode of the fully-controlled power device, The loss of the power unit is reduced, and the service life of the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker can be effectively improved.
  • the hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker is composed of a through branch and a transfer branch; wherein the through branch includes a mechanical switch and a through branch power unit; and the transfer branch includes several modified H The branching power unit of the bridge structure; the improved H-bridge structure comprises three parallel branches, wherein the first branch comprises a capacitor, and the second branch and the third branch comprise two full control in anti-series Type power device; the structure of the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit is an improved H-bridge structure; thus, in the process of breaking the fault current, the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker power unit avoids the fault current against the fully-controlled power device The current surge of the parallel diode reduces the loss of the power unit, which can effectively improve the service life of the hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元，该混合型高压直流断路器由通流支路和转移支路构成；其中通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元；转移支路包括若干个改进的H桥结构的转移支路功率单元；改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件；混合型高压直流断路器功率单元的结构即为改进的H桥结构。

Description

一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元 技术领域
本发明涉及直流断路器技术领域，具体涉及一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元。
背景技术
目前，随着国内外研究机构对高压直流断路器的不断研究，混合型高压直流断路器已被广泛应用于高压柔性直流输电系统及多端柔性直流输电系统工程中。在混合型高压直流断路器功率单元的研究成果中，国外以ABB公司(Asea Brown Boveri Ltd.)的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT，Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)直接串联方式为代表，国内以全球能源互联网研究院提出的H桥结构拓扑为代表。
如公开号为CN 104702256 A的发明专利“一种高压直流断路器的IGBT驱动方法”，公布了一种包含有H桥结构的一种高压直流断路器的IGBT的驱动方法。其中，包含有H桥结构的直流断路器在分断故障电流时，故障电流将通过功率器件反并联的二极管给电容充电，从而实现故障的均压控制和能量转移。直流断路器分断故障电流的过程中，由于功率器件的反并联二极管中会承受较大的故障电流，导致H桥模块的损耗、散热和寿命等都会受到影响。
因此，在混合型高压直流断路器转移功率单元闭锁过程中，如何避免功率器件的反并联二极管承受故障电流，直接实现对电容充电，以降低功率单元的损耗和散热要求，提高功率单元的可靠性和寿命，成为混合型高压直流断路器研究中亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例期望提供一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元，用以解决在直流断路器分断故障电流过程中，全控型功率器件的反并联二极管承受故障电流的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供了一种混合型高压直流断路器功率单元，所述混合型高压直流断路器功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件，且每个所述全控型功率器件的两端反并联有一个二极管。
上述方案中，所述全控型功率器件可以采用IGBT或集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT，Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors)。
本发明实施例提供了一种混合型高压直流断路器，所述混合型高压直流断路器包括通流支路和转移支路；其中，转移支路包括若干个串联连接的转移支路功率单元；所述转移支路功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件，三条并联支路的并联点分别为所述改进的H桥结构的输入端和输出端。
其中，所述全控型功率器件可以采用IGBT或IGCT。
上述方案中，所述通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元，该通流支路功率单元采用所述改进的H桥结构，或该通流支路功率单元采用H桥拓扑结构。
上述方案中，所述混合型高压直流断路器还包括由避雷器单元组成的耗能支路，用于消耗故障电流。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有如下有益效果：
与现有其他方案相比，本发明实施例提供的混合型高压直流断路器功率单元未增加成本，也没有增加电路结构的复杂性。在该功率单元中，通过对H桥拓扑结构进行改进，使得在功率单元闭锁后，故障电流不流过功率单元中全控型功率器件的反并联二极管，直接给电容器充电。该直流断路器功率单元具有可靠性高，器件寿命长、散热压力小的特点，可有效改善采用该直流断路器功率单元的混合型直流断路器的性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的混合型高压直流断路器功率单元示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的混合型直流断路器示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提出了一种混合型高压直流断路器及其功率单元，其主要改进在于：在H桥结构的基础上，将H桥结构中原用于连接两桥臂的电容改为与两个桥臂并联连接的接线方式。下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
本发明实施例提供了一种混合型高压直流断路器功率单元，参考图1，每个功率单元包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器C，第二条支路包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件D1和D2，第三条支路包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件D3和D4。这里，所述混合型高压直流断路器功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括图1所示三条并 联支路，即：第一条支路包括一个电容器C，第二条支路包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件D1和D2，第三条支路包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件D3和D4。
作为一种实施方式，所述全控型功率器件可以采用IGBT或IGCT。
本实施例中，该混合型高压直流断路器包括并联连接的通流支路和转移支路。其中，转移支路包括若干个串联连接的转移支路功率单元；所述通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元。
作为一种实施方式，所述功率单元是混合型高压直流断路器中转移支路所包括的若干个串联连接的转移支路功率单元。可选地，三条并联支路的并联点分别为转移支路功率单元的输入端和输出端，分别记为P1和P2。
作为一种实施方式，所述功率单元是混合型高压直流断路器中通流支路所包括的通流支路功率单元。
本发明实施例还提供了一种混合型高压直流断路器实施例，参考图2，该混合型高压直流断路器包括并联连接的通流支路和转移支路。其中转移支路包括若干个串联连接的转移支路功率单元，所述转移支路功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件，三条并联支路的并联点分别为所述改进的H桥结构的输入端和输出端。
作为一种实施方式，所述全控型功率器件可以采用IGBT或IGCT。
作为一种实施方式，所述通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元，其中通流支路功率单元采用所述改进的H桥结构；这里，通流支路功率单元也可采用H桥拓扑结构。
另外，该混合型高压直流断路器还包括由避雷器单元组成的耗能支路，用于消耗故障电流。
混合型高压直流断路器的工作原理，包括：
当直流系统未发生短路故障时，直流断路器处于导通状态，功率单元中的可关断器件D1～D4全部触发开通。此时，如果系统电流从A端流向B端，电流分为两路，一路流经D1的反并联二极管和D2，另一路流经D3和D4的反并联二极管。如果系统电流从B端流向A端，电流也分为两路，一路流经D2的反并联二极管和D1，另一路流经D4和D3的反并联二极管。由于D1～D4及其反并联二极管导通时导通压降很低(几乎为零)，因此电容C上仅存在极低电压。
当系统发生短路故障时，直流断路器开始分断故障电流，功率单元中的可控器件D1～D4全部触发闭锁。若闭锁前的故障电流从A端流向B端，则由于D2和D3闭锁，故障电流无法流通功率器件，开始给电容C充电，流向为从A到B。电容电压升高至设计值时完成闭锁，直流断路器实现故障电流分断。若闭锁前的故障电流从B端流向A端，则由于D1和D4闭锁，故障电流无法流通功率器件，开始给电容C充电，流向为从B到A。电容电压升高至设计值时完成闭锁，直流断路器实现故障电流分断。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案具有如下有益效果：
混合型高压直流断路器由通流支路和转移支路构成；其中通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元；转移支路包括若干个改进的H桥结构的转移支路功率单元；改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件；混合型高压直流断路器功率单元的结构即为改进的H桥结构；如此，在分断故障电流过程中，混合型高压直流断路器功率单元避免了故障电流对全控型功率器件反并联二极管的电流冲击，减小了功率单元的损耗，可有效提高混合型高压直流断路器的使用寿命。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上 述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本实用新型的专利保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中，混合型高压直流断路器由通流支路和转移支路构成；其中通流支路包括一个机械开关和一个通流支路功率单元；转移支路包括若干个改进的H桥结构的转移支路功率单元；改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件；混合型高压直流断路器功率单元的结构即为改进的H桥结构；如此，在分断故障电流过程中，混合型高压直流断路器功率单元避免了故障电流对全控型功率器件反并联二极管的电流冲击，减小了功率单元的损耗，进而可有效提高混合型高压直流断路器的使用寿命。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种混合型高压直流断路器功率单元，所述混合型高压直流断路器功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中，第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的混合型高压直流断路器功率单元，所述全控型功率器件为绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT或集成门极换流晶闸管IGCT。
  3. 一种混合型高压直流断路器，所述混合型高压直流断路器包括并联连接的通流支路和转移支路，所述通流支路包括一个机械开关和至少一个通流支路功率单元，所述机械开关和通流支路功率单元串联连接，所述转移支路包括若干个串联连接的转移支路功率单元，其中，所述转移支路功率单元采用改进的H桥结构，所述改进的H桥结构包括三条并联支路，其中第一条支路包括一个电容器，第二条支路和第三条支路均包括两个反串联的全控型功率器件；所述三条并联支路的并联点分别为所述改进的H桥结构的输入端和输出端。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的混合型高压直流断路器，其中，所述通流支路功率单元的结构为所述改进的H桥结构。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的混合型高压直流断路器，其中，所述全控型功率器件为IGBT或IGCT。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的混合型高压直流断路器，其中，所述混合型高压直流断路器包括由避雷器单元组成的耗能支路。
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