WO2018031082A1 - Livre de codes de transformée de fourier discrète (tfd) et schémas de rétroaction - Google Patents

Livre de codes de transformée de fourier discrète (tfd) et schémas de rétroaction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018031082A1
WO2018031082A1 PCT/US2017/028925 US2017028925W WO2018031082A1 WO 2018031082 A1 WO2018031082 A1 WO 2018031082A1 US 2017028925 W US2017028925 W US 2017028925W WO 2018031082 A1 WO2018031082 A1 WO 2018031082A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
codebook
inter
domain
base station
dft
Prior art date
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PCT/US2017/028925
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English (en)
Inventor
Oner Orhan
Wook Bong Lee
Yang-Seok Choi
Alexei Davydov
Shilpa Talwar
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Intel Corporation
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Publication of WO2018031082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018031082A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H04B7/0469—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking special antenna structures, e.g. cross polarized antennas into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
    • H04B7/0479—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation for multi-dimensional arrays, e.g. horizontal or vertical pre-distortion matrix index [PMI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection

Definitions

  • Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a node (e.g., a transmission station) and a wireless device (e.g., a mobile device).
  • Some wireless devices communicate using orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) in a downlink (DL) transmission and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in uplink (UL).
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
  • 3 GPP third generation partnership project
  • LTE long term evolution
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16 standard
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • WiFi Wireless Fidelity
  • the node can be a combination of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node Bs (also commonly denoted as evolved Node Bs, enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), which communicates with the wireless device, known as a user equipment (UE).
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • Node Bs also commonly denoted as evolved Node Bs, enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs
  • RNCs Radio Network Controllers
  • the downlink (DL) transmission can be a communication from the node (e.g., eNodeB) to the wireless device (e.g., UE), and the uplink (UL) transmission can be a communication from the wireless device to the node.
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna model in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an antenna subarray in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an antenna subarray structure in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a performance comparison for a novel d screte Fourier transform (DFT) codebook in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an antenna array for a two-sector base station in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a performance comparison for a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook and an auto-correlation matrix based feedback scheme in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a performance comparison for a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook and no feedback scheme in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a multi-beam transmission from a base station in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a performance comparison for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based feedback for multi-beam transmission in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 10 depicts functionality of a user equipment (UE) operable to select codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks in accordance with an example;
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 11 depicts functionality of a base station operable to process codebook indexes in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks received from a user equipment (UE) in accordance with an example;
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • FIG. 12 depicts a flowchart of a machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for selecting codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks in accordance with an example;
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an architecture of a wireless network in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of a wireless device (e.g., UE) in accordance with an example
  • FIG. IS illustrates interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with an example
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of a wireless device (e.g., UE) in accordance with an example.
  • UE wireless device
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • MIMO closed loop multiple- input multiple-output
  • a base station can transmit a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) to a user equipment (UE), and the UE can measure a channel vector (g) between the base station and the UE.
  • the UE can determine a preferred matrix index (PMI) to maximize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  • PMI preferred matrix index
  • Q(g) represents a quantization function for g
  • c m represents a m'th codeword from a codebook.
  • wherein m represents a codeword index, g T represents a transpose of g, and c k represents a k'th codeword from a codebook.
  • N represents a number of antennas
  • k represents a codebook index.
  • the UE can select a DFT codebook index, and the UE can feed back the DFT codebook index to the base station.
  • the base station can perform precoding based on the DFT codebook index.
  • the quantization scheme can be designed for fully digital MIMO system with a reduced number of antennas. As the number of antennas increases, hybrid beamforming can be utilized to decrease power consumption and increase coverage range.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a base station antenna model.
  • the base station antenna model can be a uniform rectangular panel array.
  • the uniform rectangular panel array can include M g N g panels, wherein M g represents a number of panels in a column, and N g represents a number of panels in a row.
  • An inter-panel distance in a vertical direction (or vertical domain) can be represented by d g V
  • an inter-panel distance in a horizontal direction (or horizontal domain) can be represented by d g H
  • N antennas in the vertical direction and M antennas in the horizontal direction wherein N and M are integers.
  • inter-element spacing in the vertical direction can be represented by d v
  • an inter-element spacing in the horizontal direction can be represented by d H
  • inter antenna element distances can be different from each other, and inter panel distances can be different from each other.
  • distances between the antennas can vary, and distances between individual panels can vary.
  • each radio frequency (RF) chain in the panel can be connected to multiple antennas with a phase shifter (e.g., by using hybrid
  • novel quantization and feedback schemes are described. These novel quantization and feedback schemes can be utilized along with existing DFT based quantization techniques for a base station with a rectangular panel array.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can account for various inter panel and antenna element distances, as well as sectors, at the base station.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can increase throughput (e.g., SNR) as compared to existing DFT based codebooks.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can be advantageous over previous DFT based schemes.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can consider that: the base station has a rectangular panel array and serves a single UE, inter antenna element and inter panel distances can be different at the base station, and an antenna array for analog beamforming can have an arbitrary size.
  • the UE can update a DFT based codebook according to the base station antenna array.
  • the UE can feed back a codebook index (i.e., only an index from one codebook).
  • the UE can utilize a feedback scheme in which the UE receives signals from different sectors of the base station or from multiple base stations.
  • the UE can utilize a feedback scheme that reduces an effect of coarse quantization at the codebook.
  • the UE can utilize a feedback scheme which considers a multi-beam transmission at the base station.
  • a scheme for analog beamforming that reduces a feedback size can be utilized.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can be utilized for MIMO within a cell and with respect to a rectangular panel array.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can take into account inter panel and antenna element distances, analog beamforming, and properties of an effective channel.
  • the novel quantization and feedback schemes can be expected to have higher average throughput and a lower feedback size restriction as compared to previous DFT based codebooks.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an antenna subarray.
  • a uniform rectangular panel array can include M g N g panels.
  • Each panel can be partitioned into A H x A v subarray (s), wherein A H represents a number of antennas in a horizontal direction and A v represents a number of antennas in a vertical direction.
  • Each panel can be partitioned into the A H x A v subarray for analog beamforming.
  • each antenna subarray for analog beamforming can be connected to one RF chain for digital processing. Therefore, a given panel can have subarrays and RF chains per
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an antenna subarray structure.
  • M rj can represent a number of RF chains in the horizontal direction at the base station, and N rj can represent a number of RF chains in the vertical direction at the base station.
  • a rank-1 transmission (for beam forming) can be extended to multiple RF chains when an appropriate receiver filter is applied.
  • the rank-1 transmission can be extended to a multi-rank transmission using a corresponding receiver filter and treating each effective channel as a rank-1 transmission.
  • the base station and the UE can perform a sector sweep procedure.
  • the UE can feed back an optimal analog beamforming direction to the base station.
  • the base station and UE can perform analog beamforming using phase shifters.
  • Each analog beamforming array per RF chain can select a beamforming direction from a common analog codebook.
  • a h represents an analog codebook in the horizontal direction
  • a v represents an analog codebook in the vertical direction.
  • i can represent a codebook index in the vertical direction for beamforming, wherein V represents an integer in the vertical direction
  • j represents a codebook index in the horizontal direction for beamforming, wherein H represents an integer in the horizontal direction.
  • ⁇ i represents a
  • zenith angle of departure 9 j represents an azimuth angle of departure
  • ⁇ represents a radio wavelength
  • T represents a transpose function
  • an effective channel matrix after applying analog beamforming, an effective channel matrix
  • the base station can send a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) to the UE.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • the UE can estimate the channel, g(f), between the base station and the UE.
  • the UE can select a DFT codebook index from a predefined DFT codebook, and the UE can feedback the DFT codebook index to the base station.
  • the UE can feedback the DFT codebook index via a narrowband transmission or a wideband transmission.
  • a largest eigenvalue of R k can be determined, wherein R k represents an auto correlation matrix of the channel, and can be represented as follows:
  • N FFT represents a Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT)
  • v can denote a corresponding eigenvector for a largest eigenvalue
  • a quantized channel (g) can be obtained as follows wherein Q(-) represents a quantization function.
  • a receive SNR can be maximized in accordance with the following:
  • O 1 represents an oversampling ratio for the vertical direction and 0 2 represents an oversampling ratio for the horizontal direction.
  • this DFT codebook structure can be independent of inter-subarray spacing d sg V and d sg H , and the DFT codebook structure can be applicable for any inter- panel spacing.
  • inter-panel spacing is larger, a beam width can become narrower, and a number of grating lobes, - can increase.
  • the DFT quantization can be defined as follows:
  • W 2 can co-phase two beams for a rank-1 transmission (for beam forming), or W 2 can be a matrix transformation for a rank-2 transmission (for a spatial multiplexing configuration).
  • the DFT codebook can be updated since spacing between RF chains can be different (as shown in FIG. 3). Due to the spacing between RF chains being different, d sg V ⁇ d s V and/or d sg H ⁇ d s H . If a number of RF chains in the horizontal direction is represented by M r y and a number of
  • the DFT codebook can be updated as follows:
  • v bibli fc can represent a
  • v h k can represent a k'th codeword for the horizontal direction.
  • the UE may not previously possess information about inter- antenna element and panel spacing. Rather, in the horizontal direction (v h k ), the UE can search for within a certain resolution (e.g., , and identify s,H
  • S h can represent an optimal inter-element and panel
  • the UE can feedback only an index ⁇ y
  • the UE can determine an optimal
  • S v can represent an optimal inter-element and panel spacing in a
  • the parameters M rj , N rj , M g , N g , 0 1 , 0 2 can be configured for the UE via higher layer signaling from the network.
  • the UE can determine feedback indexes n and m.
  • ⁇ mn v h m v v n .
  • v mn can represent a code word obtained by the
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a performance comparison for a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • UE user equipment
  • an ideal feedback is compared to the novel DFT codebook and an existing DFT codebook.
  • the novel DFT codebook can have significant gain when considering an array antenna with different inter panel and antenna element spacing.
  • a two-stage DFT based quantization scheme can be defined for multi sectors at the base station.
  • a DFT codebook structure and feedback schemes can be defined when there is a channel between S N sectors at the base station and the UE.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an antenna array for a two-sector base station.
  • the base station can include a first sector and a second sector.
  • the first sector can include a first antenna subarray structure and the second sector can include a second antenna subarray structure.
  • a same codebook can be utilized for each sector.
  • a quantized precoding matrix (g) can be defined according to
  • an optimal coefficient vector (a) can be determined by solving the following least square problem:
  • the UE can feedback the coefficient vector a.
  • the vector a can be quantized with a selected resolution to limit a feedback size.
  • a novel quantization technique can be defined to reduce an effect of quantization noise, which enables a reduction in feedback size.
  • This quantization technique can be extended to a single user case.
  • an autocorrelation matrix of a channel for a given codebook (v mn ) can be defined.
  • R mn E ⁇ gg H ⁇ , wherein g ⁇ ⁇ g
  • Q(g) V mn ⁇ , .
  • R mn can represent an autocorrelation matrix of the channel for a given code word v mn .
  • This autocorrelation matrix based quantization can be applicable to
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a performance comparison for a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook and an auto-correlation matrix based feedback scheme.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • the autocorrelation matrix based feedback scheme can utilize a reduced codebook size as compared to the DFT codebooks for similar performance.
  • phase values of phase shifters can be adjusted according to an array structure of the base station.
  • analog beamforming arrays can use the analog beamforming codebook by adjusting its phase values.
  • phase values of the phase shifters can be:
  • a c represents a combined code word (analog beamforming vector) obtained by a Kronecker product of A h and A v
  • a h represents an analog beamforming vector in the horizontal direction
  • a v represents an analog beamforming vector in the vertical direction.
  • l w represents a column vector of size N with elements 1
  • 1 M represents a column vector of size M with elements 1.
  • no feedback can be utilized, as follows:
  • a vector size can be M rf N rf x 1.
  • the previous feedback schemes can be utilized.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a performance comparison for a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook and no feedback scheme.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • a user equipment UE
  • can have a 2 x 4 analog beamforming array, and a double directional geometric channel can be utilized with L 10 paths with Gaussian distributed path gain.
  • the feedback size can be reduced and even no feedback can achieve favorable performance.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a multi-beam transmission from a base station.
  • the base station can transmit data to a user equipment (UE) using multiple beams.
  • UE user equipment
  • a number of beams that are used to transmit the data can be denoted as B.
  • an indicator matrix A ind i of size N rf x M rf can be defined, which can indicate RF chain indexes of beam i.
  • the indicator matrix A ind i can be defined in accordance with the following:
  • a quantization can be defined in accordance with the following wherein ⁇ ⁇ represents coefficients which
  • the a i s can be determined v ' m,n
  • ⁇ ⁇ can be quantized for a limited feedback case.
  • phases and amplitudes can be quantized separately as follows:
  • Q (-) is a quantizer with b a and &p-bits resolution.
  • no amplitude and phase information feedback can be achieved by setting the quantization bits to b a and bp-bits to zero.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a performance comparison for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based feedback for multi-beam transmission. More specifically, the performance comparison can be for a rectangular panel array with multi-beam transmission.
  • an ideal feedback is compared to a multi-beam DFT feedback and a single beam DFT feedback.
  • the multi-beam DFT feedback can have an increased gain as compared to the single beam DFT feedback.
  • DFT codebook design with rectangular panel arrays and feedback schemes can be defined.
  • the UE can determine the following parameters: M rj , N rf , Mg, N g , 0 1 , 0 2 , S V , and S h .
  • the UE can determine an optimal S v and S h .
  • the UE can update the DFT codebook in accordance with the following:
  • the UE can select an appropriate feedback scheme.
  • the feedback scheme can be for an updated DFT codebook based on a single sector base station.
  • the feedback scheme can be for an updated DFT codebook based on a multiple sector base station.
  • the feedback scheme can be based on an autocorrelation matrix, which can utilize an existing DFT codebook or a novel DFT codebook.
  • the feedback scheme can be based on a phase correction in an analog domain, in which there is no feedback.
  • the phase correction in the analog domain can be based on DFT or the autocorrelation matrix.
  • the UE can utilize DFT feedback for a multi-beam transmission.
  • a two-stage DFT based codebook design can be defined for a rectangular panel array with different inter-panel and inter-antenna element distances.
  • a first stage can consider a DFT codebook configured for equally spaced RF chains.
  • a second stage can consider co-phasing of the RF chains by accounting for different inter- panel and inter-antenna element distances.
  • parameters of the DFT codebook can be configured by higher layer signaling.
  • parameters of the DFT codebook can be configured by the base station and/or estimated at the UE.
  • the two-stage DFT based codebook and co-phasing technique can be defined for sectors at the base station.
  • the DFT codebook can include the two-stage DFT based codebook.
  • a codebook and feedback scheme can be utilized for the digital domain to increase performance.
  • a feedback scheme for multi-beam transmission at the base station can be defined.
  • FIG. 10 Another example provides functionality 1000 of a user equipment (UE) operable to select codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the UE can comprise one or more processors.
  • the one or more processors can be configured to decode a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from a base station, as in block 1010.
  • the one or more processors can be configured to estimate a channel vector between the UE and the base station based on the CSI-RS, as in block 1020.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • the one or more processors can be configured to select a codebook index from a DFT codebook, wherein the DFT codebook is configured at the UE based on different inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna, as in block 1030.
  • the one or more processors can be configured to encode feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station, as in block 1030.
  • the UE can comprise memory configured to store the DFT codebook and the codebook index selected from the DFT codebook.
  • Another example provides functionality 1100 of a base station operable to process codebook indexes in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks received from a user equipment (UE), as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the base station can comprise one or more processors.
  • the one or more processors can be configured to encode a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for transmission to the UE, wherein the CSI-RS enables an estimation of a channel vector between the base station and the UE, as in block 1110.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • the one or more processors can be configured to decode feedback received from the UE, wherein the feedback includes a codebook index selected from a DFT codebook, and the DFT codebook is based on different inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna, as in block 1120.
  • the base station can comprise memory configured to store the feedback that includes the codebook index received from the UE.
  • Another example provides at least one machine readable storage medium having instructions 1200 embodied thereon for selecting codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the instructions can be executed on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine readable storage medium.
  • the instructions when executed perform: decoding a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from a base station, as in block 1210.
  • the instructions when executed perform: estimating a channel vector between the UE and the base station based on the CSI-RS, as in block 1220.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • the instructions when executed perform: selecting a codebook index from a DFT codebook, wherein the DFT codebook is configured at the UE based on different inter- element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna, as in block 1230.
  • the instructions when executed perform: encoding feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station, as in block 1240.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an architecture of a system 1300 of a network in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the system 1300 is shown to include a user equipment (UE) 1301 and a UE 1302.
  • the UEs 1301 and 1302 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.
  • PDAs Personal Data Assistants
  • pagers pagers
  • laptop computers desktop computers
  • wireless handsets wireless handsets
  • any of the UEs 1301 and 1302 can comprise an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications utilizing short-lived UE connections.
  • An IoT UE can utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) for exchanging data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), Proximity-Based Service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, sensor networks, or IoT networks.
  • M2M or MTC exchange of data may be a machine-initiated exchange of data.
  • An IoT network describes interconnecting IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure), with short-lived connections.
  • the IoT UEs may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the IoT network.
  • the UEs 1301 and 1302 may be configured to connect, e.g., communicatively couple, with a radio access network (RAN) 1310—
  • the RAN 1310 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), aNextGen RAN (NG RAN), or some other type of RAN.
  • UMTS Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • NG RAN NextGen RAN
  • the UEs 1301 and 1302 utilize connections 1303 and 1304, respectively, each of which comprises a physical communications interface or layer (discussed in further detail below); in this example, the connections 1303 and 1304 are illustrated as an air interface to enable communicative coupling, and can be consistent with cellular communications protocols, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code- division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • CDMA code- division multiple access
  • PTT Push-to-Talk
  • POC PTT over Cellular
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR New Radio
  • the UEs 1301 and 1302 may further directly exchange communication data via a ProSe interface 1305.
  • the ProSe interface 1305 may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface comprising one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).
  • PSCCH Physical Sidelink Control Channel
  • PSSCH Physical Sidelink Shared Channel
  • PSDCH Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel
  • PSBCH Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel
  • the UE 1302 is shown to be configured to access an access point (AP) 1306 via connection 1307.
  • the connection 1307 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.15 protocol, wherein the AP 1306 would comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi®) router.
  • WiFi® wireless fidelity
  • the AP 1306 is shown to be connected to the Internet without connecting to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below).
  • the RAN 1310 can include one or more access nodes that enable the connections 1303 and 1304. These access nodes (ANs) can be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next Generation NodeBs (gNB), RAN nodes, and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell).
  • BSs base stations
  • eNBs evolved NodeBs
  • gNB next Generation NodeBs
  • RAN nodes and so forth, and can comprise ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations providing coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell).
  • the RAN 1310 may include one or more RAN nodes for providing macrocells, e.g., macro RAN node 1311, and one or more RAN nodes for providing femtocells or picocells (e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells), e.g., low power (LP) RAN node 1312.
  • macro RAN node 1311 e.g., macro RAN node 1311
  • femtocells or picocells e.g., cells having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells
  • LP low power
  • any of the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 can terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for the UEs 1301 and 1302.
  • any of the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN 1310 including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the UEs 1301 and 1302 can be configured to communicate using Orthogonal Frequency -Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any of the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
  • a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 to the UEs 1301 and 1302, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques.
  • the grid can be a time- frequency grid, called a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane
  • Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively.
  • the duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame.
  • the smallest time- frequency unit in a resource grid is denoted as a resource element.
  • Each resource grid comprises a number of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements.
  • Each resource block comprises a collection of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the smallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks.
  • the physical downlink shared channel may carry user data and higher- layer signaling to the UEs 1301 and 1302.
  • the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. It may also inform the UEs 1301 and 1302 about the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information related to the uplink shared channel.
  • downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to the UE 1302 within a cell) may be performed at any of the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 based on channel quality information fed back from any of the UEs 1301 and 1302.
  • the downlink resource assignment information may be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of the UEs 1301 and 1302.
  • the PDCCH may use control channel elements (CCEs) to convey the control information.
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • the PDCCH complex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching.
  • Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as resource element groups (REGs).
  • RAGs resource element groups
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • the PDCCH can be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DO) and the channel condition.
  • DO downlink control information
  • There can be four or more different PDCCH formats defined in LTE with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation level, L l, 2, 4, or 8).
  • Some embodiments may use concepts for resource allocation for control channel information that are an extension of the above-described concepts.
  • some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission.
  • the EPDCCH may be transmitted using one or more enhanced the control channel elements (ECCEs). Similar to above, each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations.
  • EPCCH enhanced physical downlink control channel
  • ECCEs enhanced the control channel elements
  • each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements known as an enhanced resource element groups (EREGs).
  • EREGs enhanced resource element groups
  • An ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs in some situations.
  • the RAN 1310 is shown to be communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) 1320— via an SI interface 1313.
  • the CN 1320 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a NextGen Packet Core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN.
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • NPC NextGen Packet Core
  • the SI interface 1313 is split into two parts: the SI -U interface 1314, which carries traffic data between the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 and the serving gateway (S-GW) 1322, and the Sl-mobility management entity (MME) interface 1315, which is a signaling interface between the RAN nodes 1311 and 1312 and MMEs 1321.
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • MME Sl-mobility management entity
  • the CN 1320 comprises the MMEs 1321, the S-GW 1322, the Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 1323, and a home subscriber server (HSS) 1324.
  • the MMEs 1321 may be similar in function to the control plane of legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (SGSN).
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • the MMEs 1321 may manage mobility aspects in access such as gateway selection and tracking area list management.
  • the HSS 1324 may comprise a database for network users, including subscription-related information to support the network entities' handling of
  • the CN 1320 may comprise one or several HSSs 1324, depending on the number of mobile subscribers, on the capacity of the equipment, on the organization of the network, etc.
  • the HSS 1324 can provide support for routing/roaming, authentication, authorization, naming/addressing resolution, location dependencies, etc.
  • the S-GW 1322 may terminate the SI interface 1313 towards the RAN 1310, and routes data packets between the RAN 1310 and the CN 1320.
  • the S-GW 1322 may be a local mobility anchor point for inter-RAN node handovers and also may provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include lawful intercept, charging, and some policy enforcement.
  • the P-GW 1323 may terminate an SGi interface toward a PDN.
  • the P-GW 1323 may route data packets between the EPC network 1323 and external networks such as a network including the application server 1330 (alternatively referred to as application function (AF)) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 1325.
  • the application server 1330 may be an element offering applications that use IP bearer resources with the core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Services (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.).
  • PS UMTS Packet Services
  • LTE PS data services etc.
  • the P-GW 1323 is shown to be communicatively coupled to an application server 1330 via an IP communications interface 1325.
  • the application server 1330 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., Voice- over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UEs 1301 and 1302 via the CN 1320.
  • the P-GW 1323 may further be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection.
  • Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCRF) 1326 is the policy and charging control element of the CN 1320.
  • PCRF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
  • HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network
  • IP-CAN Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network
  • PCRF 1326 may be communicatively coupled to the application server 1330 via the P-GW 1323.
  • the application server 1330 may signal the PCRF 1326 to indicate a new service flow and select the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS) and charging parameters.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the PCRF 1326 may provision this rule into a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) (not shown) with the appropriate traffic flow template (TFT) and QoS class of identifier (QCI), which commences the QoS and charging as specified by the application server 1330.
  • PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
  • TFT traffic flow template
  • QCI QoS class of identifier
  • FIG. 14 illustrates example components of a device 1400 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the device 1400 may include application circuitry 1402, baseband circuitry 1404, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1406, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1408, one or more antennas 1410, and power management circuitry (PMC) 1412 coupled together at least as shown.
  • the components of the illustrated device 1400 may be included in a UE or a RAN node.
  • the device 1400 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 1402, and instead include a processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC).
  • the device 1400 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory /storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • additional elements such as, for example, memory /storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).
  • C-RAN Cloud-RAN
  • the application circuitry 1402 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 1402 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.).
  • the processors may be coupled with or may include memory /storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory /storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 1400.
  • processors of application circuitry 1402 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406.
  • Baseband processing circuity 1404 may interface with the application circuitry 1402 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 1406.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 1404a, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1404b, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 1404c, or other baseband processors) 1404d for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G), sixth generation (6G), etc.).
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1404a-d
  • baseband processors 1404a-d may be included in modules stored in the memory 1404g and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1404e.
  • the radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc.
  • signal modulation demodulation e.g., a codec
  • encoding/decoding e.g., a codec
  • radio frequency shifting e.
  • modulation demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include Fast- Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping/demapping functionality.
  • FFT Fast- Fourier Transform
  • encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1404 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1404f.
  • the audio DSP(s) 1404f may be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments.
  • Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments.
  • some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1404 and the application circuitry 1402 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).
  • SOC system on a chip
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may provide for
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 1404 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium.
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1404.
  • RF circuitry 1406 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1408 for transmission.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include mixer circuitry 1406a, amplifier circuitry 1406b and filter circuitry 1406c.
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1406 may include filter circuitry 1406c and mixer circuitry 1406a RF circuitry 1406 may also include synthesizer circuitry 1406d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1408 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1406d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 1406b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1406c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 1404 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1406d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1408.
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 1404 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 1406c.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 1406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1406a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 1404 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1406.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1406a of the RF circuitry 1406 based on a frequency input and a divider control input.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (V CO), although that is not a requirement.
  • V CO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1404 or the applications processor 1402 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 1402.
  • Synthesizer circuitry 1406d of the RF circuitry 1406 may include a divider, a delay -locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA).
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
  • synthesizer circuitry 1406d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other.
  • the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO).
  • the RF circuitry 1406 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • FEM circuitry 1408 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1410, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1406 for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 1408 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 1406 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410.
  • the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry 1406, solely in the FEM 1408, or in both the RF circuitry 1406 and the FEM 1408.
  • the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1406).
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1408 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1406), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1410).
  • PA power amplifier
  • the PMC 1412 may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 1404.
  • the PMC 1412 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
  • the PMC 1412 may often be included when the device 1400 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE.
  • the PMC 1412 may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation
  • FIG. 14 shows the PMC 1412 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 1404.
  • the PMC 14 12 may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 1402, RF circuitry 1406, or FEM 1408.
  • the PMC 1412 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 1400. For example, if the device 1400 is in an RRC Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 1400 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
  • DRX Discontinuous Reception Mode
  • the device 1400 may transition off to an RRC Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc.
  • the device 1400 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again.
  • the device 1400 may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it must transition back to
  • An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
  • Processors of the application circuitry 1402 and processors of the baseband circuitry 1404 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack.
  • processors of the baseband circuitry 1404 may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 1404 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers).
  • Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • Layer 2 may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below.
  • Layer 1 may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE/RAN node, described in further detail below.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 of FIG. 14 may comprise processors 1404a-1404e and a memory 1404g utilized by said processors.
  • Each of the processors 1404a-1404e may include a memory interface, 1504a-1504e, respectively, to send/receive data to/from the memory 1404g.
  • the baseband circuitry 1404 may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries/devices, such as a memory interface 1512 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 1404), an application circuitry interface 1514 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 1402 of FIG. 14), an RF circuitry interface 1516 (e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 1406 of FIG.
  • a memory interface 1512 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from memory external to the baseband circuitry 1404
  • an application circuitry interface 1514 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from the application circuitry 1402 of FIG. 14
  • an RF circuitry interface 1516 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from RF circuitry 1406 of FIG.
  • a wireless hardware connectivity interface 1518 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components
  • a power management interface 1520 e.g., an interface to send/receive power or control signals to/from the PMC 1412.
  • FIG. 16 provides an example illustration of the wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile
  • the wireless device can include one or more antennas configured to communicate with a node, macro node, low power node (LPN), or, transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband processing unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), or other type of wireless wide area network (WWAN) access point.
  • the wireless device can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard such as, but not limited to, 3 GPP LTE, WiMAX, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi.
  • the wireless device can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards.
  • the wireless device can communicate in a wireless local area network
  • the wireless device can also comprise a wireless modem.
  • the wireless modem can comprise, for example, a wireless radio transceiver and baseband circuitry (e.g., a baseband processor).
  • the wireless modem can, in one example, modulate signals that the wireless device transmits via the one or more antennas and demodulate signals that the wireless device receives via the one or more antennas.
  • FIG. 16 also provides an illustration of a microphone and one or more speakers that can be used for audio input and output from the wireless device.
  • the display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, or other type of display screen such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display.
  • the display screen can be configured as a touch screen.
  • the touch screen can use capacitive, resistive, or another type of touch screen technology.
  • An application processor and a graphics processor can be coupled to internal memory to provide processing and display capabilities.
  • a non-volatile memory port can also be used to provide data input output options to a user.
  • the non-volatile memory port can also be used to expand the memory capabilities of the wireless device.
  • a keyboard can be integrated with the wireless device or wirelessly connected to the wireless device to provide additional user input.
  • a virtual keyboard can also be provided using the touch screen.
  • Example 1 includes an apparatus of a user equipment (UE) operable to select codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: decode a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from a base station; estimate a channel vector between the UE and the base station based on the CSI-RS; select a codebook index from a DFT codebook, wherein the DFT codebook is configured at the UE based on different inter- element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna; and encode feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station; and a memory interface configured to send to a memory the DFT codebook and the codebook index selected from the DFT codebook.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • Example 2 includes the apparatus of Example 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to: receive the CSI-RS from the base station; and transmit, to the base station, the feedback that includes the codebook index in a narrowband transmission or a wideband transmission.
  • a transceiver configured to: receive the CSI-RS from the base station; and transmit, to the base station, the feedback that includes the codebook index in a narrowband transmission or a wideband transmission.
  • RF radio frequency
  • N rf represents a number of RF chains in a vertical domain at the base station
  • 0 1 represents a first oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • M rj represents a number of RF chains in a horizontal domain at the base station
  • 0 2 represents a second oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function.
  • Example 5 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of RF chains in the horizontal domain (M rj ), the number of RF chains in the vertical domain (N rf ), the number of panels in the column of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (Mg), the number of panels in the row of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (N g ), the first oversampling ratio (O-J, and the second oversampling ratio (0 2 ) are received from the base station via higher layer signaling.
  • Example 6 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: identify an optimal inter-element and panel spacing in a vertical domain (S v ) for the uniform rectangular antenna panel array, wherein S v is represented by and identify an optimal inter-element and panel spacing in
  • S h a horizontal domain for the uniform rectangular antenna panel array, wherein S h is represented by wherein d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a
  • d sg H represents an inter-subarray spacing in a horizontal domain
  • d s V represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a vertical domain
  • d s H represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a horizontal domain.
  • Example 7 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: configure the DFT codebook to include a DFT codebook in a vertical domain (c v k ) and a DFT codebook in a horizontal domain (c h k ) when each antenna panel in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes multiple radio frequency (RF) chains and distances between subarrays in antenna panel(s) are represented by d sg V ⁇ d s V and d sg H ⁇ d s H , wherein d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a vertical domain, d g V represents an inter-panel distance in the vertical domain, d sg,H represents an inter-subarray spacing in a horizontal domain, and d g,H represents an inter-panel distance in the horizontal domain.
  • RF radio frequency
  • 0 1 represents an
  • k a codebook index
  • T a Transpose function
  • 0 2 represents an oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • Example 9 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: configure the DFT codebook based on whether the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes a single sector or multiple sectors.
  • Example 10 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: apply an auto-correlation matrix based quantization to the feedback to reduce a quantization noise and a feedback size, and the auto-correlation matrix based quantization is utilized when the DFT codebook is configured based on inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array of the base station antenna.
  • Example 11 includes the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: encode the feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station in response to receiving a multi-beam transmission from the base station.
  • Example 12 includes an apparatus of a base station operable to process codebook indexes in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks received from a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: one or more processors configured to: encode a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for transmission to the UE, wherein the CSI- RS enables an estimation of a channel vector between the base station and the UE; and decode feedback received from the UE, wherein the feedback includes a codebook index selected from a DFT codebook, and the DFT codebook is based on different inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna; and a memory interface configured to send to a memory the feedback that includes the codebook index received from the UE.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • RF radio frequency
  • N rf represents a number of RF chains in a vertical domain at the base station
  • 0 1 represents a first oversampling ratio
  • k represents _
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • M r y represents a number of RF chains in a horizontal domain at the base station
  • 0 2 represents a second oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function.
  • Example 15 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 12 to 14, wherein the number of RF chains in the horizontal domain (M rj ), the number of RF chains in the vertical domain (N r y), the number of panels in the column of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (M g ), the number of panels in the row of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (N g ), the first oversampling ratio (O-J, and the second oversampling ratio (0 2 ) are configured for the UE via higher layer signaling.
  • the number of RF chains in the horizontal domain (M rj ), the number of RF chains in the vertical domain (N r y), the number of panels in the column of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (M g ), the number of panels in the row of the uniform rectangular antenna panel array (N g ), the first oversampling ratio (O-J, and the second oversampling ratio (0 2 ) are configured for the UE via higher layer signaling.
  • Example 16 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 12 to 15, wherein the DFT codebook includes a DFT codebook in a vertical domain (c v k ) and a DFT codebook in a horizontal domain (c h k ) when each antenna panel in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes multiple radio frequency (RF) chains and distances between subarrays in antenna panel(s) are represented by d sg V ⁇ d s V and d sg H ⁇ d s H , wherein d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a vertical domain, d g V represents an inter- panel distance in the vertical domain, d sg H represents an inter-subarray spacing in a horizontal domain, and d gJi represents an inter-panel distance in the horizontal domain.
  • RF radio frequency
  • 0 1 represents an oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • 0 2 represents an oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • Example 18 includes at least one machine readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon for selecting codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, the instructions when executed by one or more processors of the UE perform the following: decoding a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from a base station; estimating a channel vector between the UE and the base station based on the CSI-RS; selecting a codebook index from a DFT codebook, wherein the DFT codebook is configured at the UE based on different inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna; and encoding feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • Example 19 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of Example 18, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following:
  • M g represents a number
  • M r y represents a number of RF chains in a horizontal domain at the base station
  • 0 2 represents a second oversampling ratio
  • k represents a codebook index
  • T represents a Transpose function.
  • Example 20 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of any of Examples 18 to 19, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: identifying an optimal inter-element and panel spacing in a vertical domain (S v ) for the uniform rectangular antenna panel array, wherein S v is represented by and
  • d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a vertical domain
  • d sg H represents an inter-subarray spacing in a horizontal domain
  • d sy represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a vertical domain
  • d s H represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a horizontal domain.
  • Example 21 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of any of Examples 18 to 20, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: configuring the DFT codebook to include a DFT codebook in a vertical domain (c v k ) and a DFT codebook in a horizontal domain (c hik ) when each antenna panel in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes multiple radio frequency (RF) chains and distances between subarrays in antenna panel(s) are represented by d sg V ⁇ d s V and d sg H ⁇ d s H , wherein d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a vertical domain, d g y represents an inter-panel distance in the vertical domain, d sg H represents an inter- subarray spacing in a horizontal domain, and d g H represents an inter-panel distance in the horizontal domain, wherein: the DFT codebook in the vertical domain (c v k ) is represented by:
  • N rf represents a number of RF chains in a vertical domain at the base station, 0 1 represents an oversampling ratio, k represents a codebook index, and T represents a Transpose function; and the DFT codebook in the horizontal domain (c h k ) is represented by: c wherein M rj
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • Example 22 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of any of Examples 18 to 21, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: configuring the DFT codebook based on whether the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes a single sector or multiple sectors.
  • Example 23 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of any of Examples 18 to 22, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: applying an auto-correlation matrix based quantization to the feedback to reduce a quantization noise and a feedback size, and the auto-correlation matrix based quantization is utilized when the DFT codebook is configured based on inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array of the base station antenna.
  • Example 24 includes the at least one machine readable storage medium of any of Examples 18 to 23, further comprising instructions when executed perform the following: encoding the feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station in response to receiving a multi-beam transmission from the base station.
  • Example 25 includes a user equipment (UE) operable to select codebook indexes from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, the UE comprising: means for decoding a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) received from a base station; means for estimating a channel vector between the UE and the base station based on the CSI-RS; means for selecting a codebook index from a DFT codebook, wherein the DFT codebook is configured at the UE based on different inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in a uniform rectangular antenna panel array of a base station antenna; and means for encoding feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • d sg H represents an inter-subarray spacing in a horizontal domain
  • d sy represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a vertical domain
  • d s H represents a distance between antenna subarrays on a given panel in a horizontal domain
  • Example 28 includes the UE of any of Examples 25 to 27, further comprising: means for configuring the DFT codebook to include a DFT codebook in a vertical domain (c v k ) and a DFT codebook in a horizontal domain (c h k ) when each antenna panel in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes multiple radio frequency (RF) chains and distances between subarrays in antenna panel(s) are represented by d sg V ⁇ d s V and d sg H ⁇ d s H , wherein d sg V represents an inter-subarray spacing in a vertical domain, d g y represents an inter-panel distance in the vertical domain, d sg H represents an inter- subarray spacing in a horizontal domain, and d g,H represents an inter-panel distance in the horizontal domain, wherein: the DFT codebook in the vertical domain (c v k ) is represented by:
  • N rf represents a number of RF chains in a vertical domain at the base station, 0 1 represents an oversampling ratio, k represents a codebook index, and T represents a Transpose function; and the DFT codebook in the horizontal domain (c h k ) is represented by:
  • T represents a Transpose function
  • Example 29 includes the UE of any of Examples 25 to 28, further comprising: means for configuring the DFT codebook based on whether the uniform rectangular antenna panel array includes a single sector or multiple sectors.
  • Example 30 includes the UE of any of Examples 25 to 29, further comprising: means for applying an auto-correlation matrix based quantization to the feedback to reduce a quantization noise and a feedback size, and the auto-correlation matrix based quantization is utilized when the DFT codebook is configured based on inter-element distances and inter-panel distances in the uniform rectangular antenna panel array of the base station antenna.
  • Example 31 includes the UE of any of Examples 25 to 30, further comprising: means for encoding the feedback that includes the codebook index for transmission to the base station in response to receiving a multi-beam transmission from the base station.
  • Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, non-transitory computer readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques.
  • the computing device may include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and nonvolatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device.
  • the volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a random-access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or other medium for storing electronic data.
  • the node and wireless device may also include a transceiver module (i.e., transceiver), a counter module (i.e., counter), a processing module (i.e., processor), and/or a clock module (i.e., clock) or timer module (i.e., timer).
  • transceiver module i.e., transceiver
  • a counter module i.e., counter
  • a processing module i.e., processor
  • a clock module i.e., clock
  • timer module i.e., timer
  • selected components of the transceiver module can be located in a cloud radio access network (C-RAN).
  • C-RAN cloud radio access network
  • One or more programs that may implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may use an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like.
  • API application programming interface
  • Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system.
  • the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired.
  • the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.
  • circuitry may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules.
  • circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
  • modules may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very -large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components.
  • VLSI very -large-scale integration
  • a module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or the like.
  • Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by various types of processors.
  • An identified module of executable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of an identified module may not be physically located together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.
  • a module of executable code may be a single instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memory devices.
  • operational data may be identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.
  • the modules may be passive or active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une technologie pour un équipement utilisateur (UE, "user equipment") utilisable pour sélectionner des indices de livre de codes à partir de livres de codes de transformée de Fourier discrète (TFD). L'UE peut décoder un signal de référence d'informations d'état de canal (CSI-RS, "channel state information reference signal") reçu d'une station de base. L'UE peut estimer un vecteur de canal entre l'UE et la station de base sur la base du CSI-RS. L'UE peut sélectionner un indice de livre de codes à partir d'un livre de codes TFD. Le livre de codes TFD peut être configuré au niveau de l'UE sur la base de différentes distances interéléments et de distances interpanneaux dans un réseau de panneaux d'antenne rectangulaires uniformes d'une antenne de station de base. L'UE peut coder une rétroaction qui comprend l'indice de livre de codes pour une transmission à la station de base.
PCT/US2017/028925 2016-08-11 2017-04-21 Livre de codes de transformée de fourier discrète (tfd) et schémas de rétroaction WO2018031082A1 (fr)

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WO2021040497A1 (fr) * 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Conception de livre de codes pour faisceau multi-bandes, et opérations associées
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WO2024092473A1 (fr) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-10 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Estimation de canal pour entrées multiples, sorties multiples ultra-massives au niveau d'une bande térahertz

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020015614A1 (fr) * 2018-07-17 2020-01-23 FG Innovation Company Limited Procédés et appareils de fonctionnement de multiples panneaux d'antenne
CN112425198A (zh) * 2018-07-17 2021-02-26 鸿颖创新有限公司 用于操作多个天线面板的方法和装置
US10972972B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-04-06 FG Innovation Company Limited Methods and apparatuses for operating multiple antenna panels
CN112889226A (zh) * 2018-11-01 2021-06-01 联想（新加坡）私人有限公司 变换域信道状态信息反馈
CN112889226B (zh) * 2018-11-01 2024-03-19 联想（新加坡）私人有限公司 变换域信道状态信息反馈
CN113261209A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2021-08-13 株式会社Ntt都科摩 用于与频域压缩相关联的组合系数的量化的方法
CN113261209B (zh) * 2018-11-21 2024-04-19 株式会社Ntt都科摩 终端、无线通信方法以及系统
WO2021040497A1 (fr) * 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Conception de livre de codes pour faisceau multi-bandes, et opérations associées
US11088748B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2021-08-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-band beam codebook design and operations
WO2024092473A1 (fr) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-10 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Estimation de canal pour entrées multiples, sorties multiples ultra-massives au niveau d'une bande térahertz

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