WO2018023718A1 - 高精度平衡充电器 - Google Patents

高精度平衡充电器 Download PDF

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WO2018023718A1
WO2018023718A1 PCT/CN2016/093562 CN2016093562W WO2018023718A1 WO 2018023718 A1 WO2018023718 A1 WO 2018023718A1 CN 2016093562 W CN2016093562 W CN 2016093562W WO 2018023718 A1 WO2018023718 A1 WO 2018023718A1
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charging
circuit
voltage
battery
main control
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PCT/CN2016/093562
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French (fr)
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韩性峰
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韩性峰
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/093562 priority Critical patent/WO2018023718A1/zh
Priority to CN201680087957.1A priority patent/CN109478790A/zh
Publication of WO2018023718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018023718A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of charging circuits, and in particular relates to a high-precision balance charger.
  • USB standard interface power supply (computer, standard USB charger, charging treasure, etc.) is used for charging.
  • the charging process adopts time division multiplexing, each battery is charged in turn, and each battery is allocated a fixed period of time.
  • Charging the advantage is that it can be balanced charging, the disadvantages are: 1. The charging speed is slow; 2. If the initial capacity difference of the battery is large, after the charging is completed, the battery voltage is slowly falling due to the long-term waiting state of one battery being filled first. When the battery is full, there is still a certain voltage difference between the batteries; 3. Direct charging with USB5V, without current limiting measures, it is easy to cause the current in the early stage of charging to damage the battery.
  • a common LDO low dropout regulator, which is a low-dropout linear regulator
  • the present invention provides a high-precision balance charger capable of achieving fast, balanced, high-precision control charging.
  • the invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • a high-precision balanced charger including a dynamic step-down circuit, a charging circuit, and a main control unit a circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, and a high-precision reference voltage circuit; wherein the dynamic step-down circuit is configured to provide different controllable dynamic voltages for the main control circuit; the high-precision reference voltage circuit is the main The control circuit provides a high-precision voltage reference so that the main control circuit can accurately read the voltage value; the charging circuit is configured to accept the control of the main control circuit to charge a plurality of batteries connected in series; the voltage sampling a circuit for sampling different battery charging port voltages of the charging circuit; the current sampling circuit is configured to sample a current of the charging circuit; and the main control circuit is configured to receive a voltage sampling signal and a current sampling signal And controlling the charging circuit to charge the plurality of batteries according to the pair of sampling signals.
  • the main control circuit controls the charging circuit to charge a plurality of batteries, specifically:
  • Constant current charging phase charging multiple batteries in series, and detecting charging current in real time, adjusting charging voltage to achieve constant current charging;
  • Constant voltage charging phase when it is detected that one or several battery voltages reach a certain value, enter the time-sharing constant voltage charging phase, each battery is charged with constant voltage, and the charging time of each battery is dynamically allocated, and Real-time detection of battery voltage during charging and dynamic allocation of charging time;
  • a partial trickle charge phase is included after the constant voltage charging phase and before the trickle charging phase: when one or several batteries are detected to be full and there are still unfilled batteries, the full battery is allocated The minimum charging time, and the small current is weakly charged during this period, while the other unfilled batteries are still charged normally in the second stage.
  • the charging time adopts a dynamic allocation manner, specifically: a battery with a low voltage obtains a long charging time, and a battery with a high voltage obtains a shorter charging time.
  • each charging phase the reading of each battery voltage is detected before the other battery charging time is completed, before entering the charging period of the battery, so as to avoid misreading the battery floating voltage.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention can realize charging simultaneously for a plurality of lithium batteries Electricity, the advantages of the present invention are fast charging speed, high voltage accuracy, good voltage consistency, and high balance.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a high-precision balance charger of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a dynamic step-down circuit of the high precision balance charger of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a charging circuit of the high-precision balance charger of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a main control circuit of the high-precision balance charger of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a voltage sampling circuit of the high precision balance charger of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a current sampling circuit of the high precision balance charger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a high-precision reference voltage circuit of the high-precision balance charger of the present invention.
  • the high-precision balance charger 100 of the present invention includes a dynamic buck circuit 102, a charging circuit 103, a main control circuit 104, a voltage sampling circuit 105, a current sampling circuit 106, and a high-precision reference voltage circuit 107.
  • the dynamic buck circuit 102 is configured to provide different controllable dynamic voltages for the main control circuit 104; the high-precision reference voltage circuit 107 is the main control circuit 104 through the dynamic buck circuit 102.
  • the charging circuit 103 is configured to accept the control of the main control circuit to charge a plurality of batteries connected in series;
  • the voltage sampling circuit 105 is configured to sample different battery charging port voltages of the charging circuit 103;
  • the current sampling circuit 106 is configured to sample the current of the charging circuit 103;
  • the main control circuit 104 Receiving a voltage sampling signal and a current sampling signal, and controlling the charging circuit to charge a plurality of batteries according to the pair of sampling signals.
  • the main control circuit controls the charging circuit to charge a plurality of batteries, specifically:
  • the first stage constant current charging: charging multiple batteries in series, and detecting the charging current in real time, adjusting the charging voltage to achieve constant current charging.
  • the second stage, constant voltage charging when one or several battery voltages are detected When a certain value is reached, the time-sharing and constant-voltage charging phase is entered, and each battery is charged and charged in a constant voltage.
  • the charging time of each battery is dynamically allocated: a battery with a low voltage obtains a longer charging time, and a battery with a higher voltage is obtained. Short charging time, and battery voltage is detected in real time during charging, and charging time is dynamically allocated.
  • part of the trickle charge when it is detected that one or several batteries are full and there are still unfilled batteries, the full battery is allocated a minimum charging time, and a small current is used for weak charging during this period of time. While the other unfilled batteries are still charging normally in the second stage.
  • the reading of each battery voltage is not performed during the charging process of the battery, nor can it be performed immediately after the completion of the charging time just assigned, but after the charging time of other batteries is completed, the charging time of the battery is entered. Check before the segment to avoid misreading the battery float voltage.
  • Figure 2 shows a dynamic buck circuit, where A is connected to A in the high precision reference voltage circuit of Figure 7.
  • Figure 3 shows the charging circuit, where B is connected to B in the current sampling circuit of Figure 6.
  • Figure 4 shows the main control circuit, and the main control chip can be an MCU. Shown in Figure 5 is a voltage sampling circuit.
  • the invention can realize simultaneous charging of a plurality of lithium batteries, and the invention has the advantages of high charging speed, high voltage precision, good voltage consistency and high balance.

Abstract

一种高精度平衡充电器(100)，包括动态降压电路(102)、充电电路(103)、主控电路(104)、电压采样电路(105)、电流采样电路(106)和高精度基准电压电路(107)；其中，动态降压电路(102)用于为主控电路(104)提供不同的可控的动态电压；高精度基准电压电路(107)为主控电路(104)提供高精度电压参考；充电电路(103)用于接受所述主控电路(104)的控制、为多个串联的电池进行充电；电压采样电路(105)用于对充电电路(103)的不同电池充电端口电压进行采样；电流采样电路(106)用于对充电电路(103)的电流进行采样；主控电路(104)，用于接收电压采样信号和电流采样信号，并根据上述采样信号对来控制所述充电电路(103)对多个电池进行充电。该高精度平衡充电器(100)能够实现对多个锂电池同时进行充电，优点是充电速度快、电压精度高、电压一致性好，平衡度高。

Description

高精度平衡充电器 技术领域
本发明属于充电电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种高精度平衡充电器。
背景技术
现在市面上的电子产品功能越来越强大，随之而来的是耗电能力也越来越高，于是高能量密度的锂电池应用场合越来越宽广；随着而来的充电问题也逐步浮出水面，单颗锂电池的充电方案较为成熟，而2颗及2颗以上锂电池的充电方案则是纷繁复杂，良莠不齐，主要存在以下两种方式：
(1)串联充电：2颗(或者2颗以上)电池串联充电，具有充电速度快的优点，但是缺点也相当明显：1.无法平衡电池容量，长期使用会出现一个或者几个电池过充而导致储电能力下降的现象；2.不同的电池个数需要配备不同的变压器进行充电。
(2)分时充电：采用USB标准接口电源(电脑、标准USB充电器、充电宝等)进行充电，充电过程采用时分复用的方式，各个电池轮流充电，每个电池分配一个固定的时间段进行充电，优点是可以做到平衡充电，缺点是：1.充电速度慢；2.若电池初始段容量差异大，充电完成后，因一个电池先期充满而处于长期等待状态，电池电压缓慢下降，导致充满时各电池仍有一定电压差的现象；3.采用USB5V直接充电，未加限流措施，易导致充电前期电流过大损坏电池。
以上两种充电方式一般采用普通的LDO(low dropout regulator，是一种低压差线性稳压器)作为电压基准，而目前市面普通的LDO精度大都在±3％，换算到电池电压就是：4.25V*0.03＝0.1275V的电压误差，所以充电精度差，自然也做不到平衡性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中问题，本发明提供了一种高精度平衡充电器，能够实现快速、平衡、高精度控制充电。本发明通过如下技术方案实现：
一种高精度平衡充电器，包括动态降压电路、充电电路、主控电 路、电压采样电路、电流采样电路和高精度基准电压电路；其中，所述动态降压电路用于为所述主控电路提供不同的可控的动态电压；高精度基准电压电路为所述主控电路提供高精度电压参考，以便所述主控电路能够准确的读取电压值；所述充电电路用于接受所述主控电路的控制、为多个串联的电池进行充电；所述电压采样电路用于对所述充电电路的不同电池充电端口电压进行采样；所述电流采样电路用于对所述充电电路的电流进行采样；所述主控电路，用于接收电压采样信号和电流采样信号，并根据上述采样信号对来控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电。
作为本发明的进一步改进，主控电路控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电，具体为：
1)恒流充电阶段：对多个电池串联充电，并实时检测充电电流，调整充电电压，实现恒流充电；
2)恒压充电阶段：当检测到某一个或者几个电池电压达到一定值时，进入分时恒压充电阶段，各电池轮流恒压充电，每个电池的充电时间采用动态分配的方式，并且充电过程中实时检测电池电压，并动态分配充电时间；
3)涓流充电阶段：当所有电池都充满时，各电池轮流进行小电流微弱充电，保证电池电压不会下降；
作为本发明的进一步改进，在恒压充电阶段之后、涓流充电阶段之前还包括部分涓流充电阶段：当检测到一个或者几个电池充满，并且仍有未充满的电池时，充满的电池分配最小充电时间，并且在该时间段内采用小电流微弱充电，而其它未充满电池仍按照第二阶段的方式正常充电。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述充电时间采用动态分配的方式，具体为：电压低的电池获得较长的充电时间，反之电压高的电池获得较短的充电时间。
作为本发明的进一步改进，在各充电阶段，每个电池电压的读取是在其它电池充电时间完成后，进入本电池充电时间段之前检测，以免误读电池浮电压。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明能够实现对多个锂电池同时进行充 电，本发明的优点是充电速度快、电压精度高、电压一致性好、平衡度高。
附图说明
图1是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的结构框图；
图2是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的动态降压电路的电路图；
图3是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的充电电路的电路图；
图4是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的主控电路的电路图；
图5是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的电压采样电路的电路图；
图6是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的电流采样电路的电路图；
图7是本发明的高精度平衡充电器的高精度基准电压电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
本发明的高精度平衡充电器100，如附图1所示，包括动态降压电路102、充电电路103、主控电路104、电压采样电路105、电流采样电路106和高精度基准电压电路107。其中，所述动态降压电路102用于为所述主控电路104提供不同的可控的动态电压；所述高精度基准电压电路107通过所述动态降压电路102为所述主控电路104提供精度高于2‰的电压参考，以便所述主控电路104能够准确的读取电压值；所述充电电路103用于接受所述主控电路的控制、为多个串联的电池进行充电；所述电压采样电路105用于对所述充电电路103的不同电池充电端口电压进行采样；所述电流采样电路106用于对所述充电电路103的电流进行采样；所述主控电路104，用于接收电压采样信号和电流采样信号，并根据上述采样信号对来控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电。
主控电路控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电，具体为：
(1)第一阶段，恒流充电：对多个电池串联充电，并实时检测充电电流，调整充电电压，实现恒流充电。
(2)第二阶段，恒压充电：当检测到某一个或者几个电池电压 达到一定值时，进入分时恒压充电阶段，各电池轮流恒压充电，每个电池的充电时间采用动态分配的方式：电压低的电池获得较长的充电时间，反之电压高的电池获得较短的充电时间，并且充电过程中实时检测电池电压，并动态分配充电时间。
(3)第三阶段，部分涓流充电：当检测到一个或者几个电池充满，并且仍有未充满的电池时，充满的电池分配最小充电时间，并且在该时间段内采用小电流微弱充电，而其它未充满电池仍按照第二阶段的方式正常充电。
(4)第四阶段，涓流充电：当所有电池都充满时，各电池轮流进行小电流微弱充电，保证电池电压不会下降。
以上各充电阶段，每个电池电压的读取都不是在本电池充电过程中进行，也不能在刚刚分配的充电时间完成后马上进行，而是在其它电池充电时间完成后，进入本电池充电时间段之前检测，以免误读电池浮电压。
附图2所示的是动态降压电路，图中的A处与附图7的高精度基准电压电路中的A处相连接。附图3所示的是充电电路，图中的B处与附图6的电流采样电路中的B处相连接。附图4所示的是主控电路，主控芯片可以是MCU。附图5所示的是电压采样电路。
本发明能够实现对多个锂电池同时进行充电，本发明的优点是充电速度快、电压精度高、电压一致性好、平衡度高。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种高精度平衡充电器，其特征在于：所述充电器包括动态降压电路、充电电路、主控电路、电压采样电路、电流采样电路和高精度基准电压电路；其中，所述动态降压电路用于为所述主控电路提供不同的可控的动态电压；所述高精度基准电压电路为所述主控电路提供高精度电压参考，以便所述主控电路能够准确的读取电压值；所述充电电路用于接受所述主控电路的控制、为多个串联的电池进行充电；所述电压采样电路用于对所述充电电路的不同电池充电端口电压进行采样；所述电流采样电路用于对所述充电电路的电流进行采样；所述主控电路，用于接收电压采样信号和电流采样信号，并根据上述采样信号对来控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电器，其特征在于：主控电路控制所述充电电路对多个电池进行充电，具体为：
    1)恒流充电阶段：对多个电池串联充电，并实时检测充电电流，调整充电电压，实现恒流充电；
    2)恒压充电阶段：当检测到某一个或者几个电池电压达到一定值时，进入分时恒压充电阶段，各电池轮流恒压充电，每个电池的充电时间采用动态分配的方式，并且充电过程中实时检测电池电压，并动态分配充电时间；
    3)涓流充电阶段：当所有电池都充满时，各电池轮流进行小电流微弱充电，保证电池电压不会下降；
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电器，其特征在于：在恒压充电阶段之后、涓流充电阶段之前还包括部分涓流充电阶段：当检测到一个或者几个电池充满，并且仍有未充满的电池时，充满的电池分配最小充电时间，并且在该时间段内采用小电流微弱充电，而其它未充满电池仍按照第二阶段的方式正常充电。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的充电器，其特征在于：所述充电时间采用动态分配的方式，具体为：电压低的电池获得较长的充电时间，反之电压高的电池获得较短的充电时间。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的充电器，其特征在于：在各充电阶段，每个电池电压的读取是在其它电池充电时间完成后，进入本电池充电时 间段之前检测，以免误读电池浮电压。
PCT/CN2016/093562 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 高精度平衡充电器 WO2018023718A1 (zh)

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