WO2018020188A1 - Rotary electric machine provided with a stator having a hairpin winding - Google Patents

Rotary electric machine provided with a stator having a hairpin winding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018020188A1
WO2018020188A1 PCT/FR2017/052133 FR2017052133W WO2018020188A1 WO 2018020188 A1 WO2018020188 A1 WO 2018020188A1 FR 2017052133 W FR2017052133 W FR 2017052133W WO 2018020188 A1 WO2018020188 A1 WO 2018020188A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
notch
stator
pin
rotor
location
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2017/052133
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vincent Ramet
Stéphane De-Clercq
Tomasz BANYS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Publication of WO2018020188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018020188A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/06—Embedding prefabricated windings in machines
    • H02K15/062—Windings in slots; salient pole windings
    • H02K15/064—Windings consisting of separate segments, e.g. hairpin windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine provided with a stator with a pin winding, the electric machine being able to operate for example reversibly in motor mode and in alternator mode.
  • the rotating electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the body of the rotor.
  • the rotating electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an example of such a rotating electrical machine referenced 100, in the case of an alternator with internal ventilation polyphase type for a motor vehicle with a combustion engine operating in alternator mode.
  • the alternator may also be reversible and consist of an alternator-starter also operating in electric motor mode, in particular for starting the engine of the vehicle as described in document FR A 2,745,445 for the propulsion of the motor vehicle.
  • alternator-starter also operating in electric motor mode, in particular for starting the engine of the vehicle as described in document FR A 2,745,445 for the propulsion of the motor vehicle.
  • alternator-starter also operating in electric motor mode, in particular for starting the engine of the vehicle as described in document FR A 2,745,445 for the propulsion of the motor vehicle.
  • the machine 100 When the machine 100 operates in alternator mode, it transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy like any alternator.
  • electric motor mode especially in starter mode to start the engine of the vehicle, it transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • This machine 100 essentially comprises a housing 1 and, inside thereof, a rotor 2 integral in rotation with a central shaft 3, called a rotor shaft, and a stator 50 of annular shape, which surrounds the rotor 2 with the presence of a gap 1 10 and which comprises a body 4 in the form of a pack of sheets provided with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, for mounting a stator winding 5 forming on either side of the stator body 4, at each axial end thereof, a front bun 51 and a rear bun 53 which project axially.
  • the rotating electrical machine comprises:
  • This winding 5 comprises for example a set of three-phase star or delta windings, the outputs of which are connected to a rectifier bridge, partially visible at 52, comprising rectifying elements such as diodes or MOSFET transistors, especially when the machine consists of an alternator-starter.
  • the windings of the winding 5 are obtained using a continuous, electrically conductive wire coated with an electrically insulating layer, such as enamel, and mounted in the respective notches of the body 4 of the stator 50. via notch insulators (not visible).
  • winding 5 has pins also called “conductor segment” or “u-pin” according to Anglo-Saxon terms well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the winding 5 comprises two sets of three-phase windings to form a device for composite stator windings, the windings being shifted by thirty electric degrees, as described for example in the documents US-A1-2002/0175589, and FR -A-2784248.
  • two rectifier bridges are provided and all combinations of three-phase star and / or delta windings are possible.
  • the stator winding is of the pentaphase type.
  • the alternator is of the polyphase type and the rectifier bridge or bridges make it possible, in particular, to rectify the alternating current produced in the windings of the stator 50 into a direct current, in particular for charging the battery of the motor vehicle and supplying the loads and electrical consumers of the on-board network of the motor vehicle.
  • the rotor 2 of annular shape is made in the example shown in the form of a claw rotor, as described for example in the documents US-A1-2002 / 01 75589, comprising two pole wheels 7,8 here axially juxtaposed and each having an annular transverse flange provided at its outer periphery with claws 9.
  • Each claw 9 has a rooting section of transverse orientation in the plane of the flange concerned.
  • This rooting section is extended at its outer periphery by a generally axial orientation tooth with presence of a chamfer between the tooth and the rooting section.
  • An annular gap 1 10 exists between the outer peripheral face of the teeth of the claws 9 and the inner periphery of the body 4 of the stator 50.
  • the teeth are generally trapezoidal or triangular.
  • the teeth of a pole wheel 7, 8 are directed axially towards the flange of the other pole wheel 8, 7; the tooth of a wheel 7, 8 penetrating the space between two adjacent teeth of the other wheel 8, 7 so that the teeth of the wheels 7, 8 are interleaved.
  • An excitation winding 10 is implanted axially between the flanges of the wheels 7, 8. It is carried by a rotor portion 2 in the form of a cylindrical annular core coaxial with the shaft 3.
  • the core of FIG. two axially distinct sections each of which is made integrally with an associated pole wheel 7.8.
  • the central core consists of a single piece and is distinct polar wheels 7, 8 which are arranged axially on either side of the core.
  • the winding 10 is thus implanted in the space delimited radially by the claws 9 of the wheels 7,8 and the central core.
  • the wheels 7, 8 and the core are preferably of ferromagnetic material and are traversed coaxially by the rotor shaft 3 also made of ferromagnetic material. These wheels 7, 8 are integral with the shaft 3.
  • each wheel 7, 8 comprises a central bore which passes axially through the flange and extends the bore of the part of the core concerned.
  • the shaft 3 has knurled portions (not referenced) and is force-fitted into the aforementioned bores of the core and the wheels 7, 8 so that it cuts grooves through its knurled portions.
  • the shaft 3 is thus integral in rotation and axially wheels, a spacer, not referenced, being interposed between the wheel 7 and a bearing 19 described below.
  • the axis of the shaft 3 constitutes the X axis of the machine.
  • the winding wire 10 is wound on a support of electrically insulating material (not shown) mounted, preferably by force, on the outer periphery of the core.
  • the wheels 7, 8 and the core are magnetized and the rotor 2 becomes an inductor rotor with the formation of magnetic poles at the claws 9 wheels 7, 8.
  • This inductor rotor 2 creates an alternating induced current in the stator 50 when the shaft 3 rotates.
  • the shaft 3 of the rotor 2 carries at its front end a movement transmission member 12, here a pulley 12 belonging to a device for transmitting movements through at least one belt (not shown) between the alternator and the engine of the motor vehicle.
  • This shaft carries at its rear end slip rings 13 connected by wire links (not shown) to the ends of the excitation winding 10 of the rotor 2.
  • the pulley 12 is replaced by a gear and the transmission device is chain and / or gear.
  • Brushes belong to a brush holder shown generally at reference 14 and they are arranged so as to rub on the slip rings 13, to supply the winding 10 with electrical current.
  • the brush holder 14 is connected to a voltage regulator (not shown).
  • the casing 1 in which are placed the rotor 2 and the stator 50 is here in two parts, namely a front flange 16 adjacent to the pulley 12 and a rear flange 17 carrying the brush holder 14 and most often the bridge or bridges rectifiers and the voltage regulator.
  • the flanges 16, 17 of annular shape, for example based on aluminum, are hollow in shape and each bear a central ball bearing respectively 19 and 20 for the rotational mounting of the shaft 3 of the rotor 2.
  • the flanges are assembled together with tie rods or screws as shown for example in Figure 1 of EP 0515 259 supra.
  • the casing 1 of the machine 100 comprises the front flange 16 also called front bearing and the rear flange 17 also rear bearing. As illustrated in FIG.
  • an elastic system for filtering vibrations can be provided at the outer periphery of the stator body 4, in the form of a sheet package, with a flat gasket 40 at the front and rear buffers 41, flexible and thermally conductive resin being interposed between the front flange and the stator body to remove heat.
  • no seals are provided.
  • the stator is fixedly carried by the casing 1, while the rotor 2 is carried centrally rotatably by the casing 1 via the bearings 19, 20.
  • the housing is in three parts, the flanges 16, 17 being disposed on either side of a central portion carrying the stator body. The flanges are assembled to the intermediate portion for example by screwing.
  • the alternator also comprises means for cooling it.
  • the flanges 16, 17 are perforated to allow the cooling of the alternator by air circulation and the rotor 2 carries at least at one of its axial ends a fan for providing this. air circulation.
  • a first fan 23 is provided on the front end face of the rotor 2 and a second fan 24, on the rear face of the rotor 12.
  • Each fan 23, 24 is of annular shape and is provided with a plurality of blades 26 and is fixed on the outer radial faces of the flanges of the wheels 7, 8.
  • the fans are for example metallic and are obtained with their blades 26 by cutting and folding.
  • the fans 23, 24 are for example centrifugal or helico-centrifugal type.
  • the air is drawn through openings 60 of the front flange surrounding the pulley 12 at the front of the flange and is mainly ejected centrifugally by the blades 26 and passes into the space between the front bun 51 and the front flange 16 to cool the front bun and finally out through openings 61 on the outer radial periphery of the front flange.
  • the rear flange 17 also has a plurality of air inlet and outlet ports.
  • the brush holder 14 and the voltage regulator, integral with the flange 17, are capped by a cover 70, integral with the rear flange 17, being fixed here on the latter by snapping onto studs 71 integral with the flange. back.
  • This cover 70 also has air intake orifices, not visible in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows in more detail the stator 50 comprising the winding 5 when the winding comprises pins.
  • the stator 50 comprises a stator body 4 and a winding 5 formed of pins of which only 2 are illustrated here namely the two pins 101 and 102 which are found in a notch 103.
  • each of the two pins 101 and 102 comprises two pin branches 101a and 101b on the one hand and 102a and 102b on the other hand and in the notch 103 are found a branch of each of these two pins 101b and 102a.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in more detail the notch 103 of the stator 50 before the introduction of the pins.
  • This notch 103 is delimited by two teeth 106 situated on either side of the notch 103 and comprises a notch opening 107 situated on the side of the gap 1 10 of the electrical machine 100.
  • the notch opening 107 is necessary to avoid any short circuit between the two adjacent teeth 106.
  • the notch 103 includes slots 108 and 109 for receiving pins 101 and 102.
  • the locations 108, 109 are aligned for example radially so that only a location said low location 108 is contiguous with the gap 1 10 and at least one other location said top 109 is not contiguous to the air gap 1 10.
  • the up and down locations 108, 109 are intended to each receive a pin branch.
  • the notch 103 comprises two edges of substantially radial direction 105a and 105b and two edges of substantially ortho radial direction 105c and 105d, the edge 105d being located on the side of the slot opening 107. It is expected that the two edges 105a and 105b are parallel. This is called a notch with parallel edges.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates in more detail the notch 103 of the stator 50, it is distinguished from FIG. 3 in that the notch is now provided with the two pin branches 101b and 102a, the branch 101b being received in FIG. location 108 and the branch 102a being received in the location 109.
  • the pin branches 102a and 101b have a section of which both sides that are substantially radial in orientation are parallel. This is called a branch of pins with parallel sides.
  • the stator 50 comprises an insulator 104 which covers edges of at least one notch.
  • the insulator 104 covers here two radial edges 105a and 105b and two ortho radial edges 105c and 105d of the notch, the edge 105d being located on the side of the slot opening 107.
  • it may be an insulator 104 in the shape of "S" which is recognizable in that it extends between the two branches 101b and 102a in FIG. notch.
  • problematic insertion is meant an insertion according to which there is a collision between the pin-branch and the insulator, which can cause tearing or axial displacement of the insulator, an impossibility to grip the pin-branches. , or injury of the pinprints or insulation, the injury of the pinprints can cause removal of an electrically insulating email of said branches.
  • This is problematic because the insulation on the one hand and the email of the pin on the other hand are intended to prevent any electrical contact between the stator body and the pins.
  • their injury can cause a short circuit of the stator that makes the entire electrical machine unusable.
  • the insertion clearance for the notch 103 corresponds to half a difference between a distance 1 1 1 between the two radial edges 105a and 105b after they are covered with the insulator 104 and a width in section 1 12 pin branches received.
  • the width in section is measured along a plane perpendicular to the X axis and in a substantially ortho radial direction
  • the distance between the two radial edges is measured along a plane perpendicular to the X axis and in one direction. substantially ortho radial.
  • the insertion clearance corresponds to a distance measured between the pin-branch and the edge covered with the insulation.
  • the insertion game allows you to have a margin that compensates for possible defects pins or notches and thus avoid a problematic insertion. For example, if the width in section 1 12 of a pin branch is greater than the nominal values or if the distance between the two radial edges of the notch is smaller than the nominal values then the presence of the set of insertion will compensate for defects to avoid problematic insertion.
  • Figure 4 provide a uniform game based on the fact that the pins are perfectly parallel to the edges of the notches, these games between the pin branch and the radial edges covered with insulation are for example of the order of 0.1 mm on either side of the pin branch. These uniform gaps form empty spaces that can occupy 10% of the notch surface which is for example 10mm x 2.5 mm.
  • Figure 5 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator.
  • This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in Figure 4 in that the notch comprises 4 locations for receiving pins. More precisely, the notch 103 includes a bottom location 108 and three top locations 109 for each receiving a pin branch.
  • Figure 6 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator.
  • This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in FIG. 4 in that the two branches 101b and 102a are inclined in their respective locations 108 and 109. This is an inclination which can be more or less pronounced during the insertion of the pins in the stator body 4.
  • Figure 7 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator.
  • This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in FIG. 4 in that the two branches 101b and 102a are offset in their respective locations 108 and 109. This is an offset which can be more or less pronounced during the insertion of the pins in the stator body 4.
  • the object of the invention is to meet this wish while at the same time remedying at least one of these aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a rotating electrical machine comprising:
  • each of the notches comprises locations for receiving pins, wherein for each notch, said locations are aligned so that only one location said low location is contiguous with the gap and at least one other location said high is not contiguous with the air gap, said top and bottom locations each receiving a pin branch with an insertion game.
  • the notch is of trapezoidal shape so that the insertion play of the at least one high slot of the notch is greater than the insertion set of the low slot of the notch.
  • the minimum width of the tooth was at the notch opening just below the tooth roots. If we increase the width of the teeth at this point, we are sure to increase the minimum width, which allows to go up more flow even if other sectors of the tooth have a narrower width compared to the state of the technique.
  • the stator comprises teeth defined between two adjacent notches, said teeth being of parallel sides.
  • the bottleneck phenomenon is avoided which limits the magnetic flux to the section in a plane perpendicular to the smallest radius of the tooth.
  • the flow is limited by the section of the tooth closest to the gap. the insertion set of a low location is less than 0.1 mm.
  • the stator comprises an insulator, said insulator covering edges of at least one notch.
  • the insertion clearance is thus defined between the edge of the notch covered with the insulator and the driver.
  • each notch includes four locations for receiving four pin branches.
  • At least one pin branch having a section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis, said section comprises substantially radially oriented sides which are parallel.
  • the pin branch received in a low location is stamped so that its section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis has a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the trapezoidal shape of the notch.
  • the space available at the low location is not useful. It is thus possible to increase the width of the section of the branch and thus reduce its length to give more room in length to the pin branch 102a in the top location 109. This allows for a better occupation of the limb. notch and therefore a decreased winding resistance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator according to the state of the art
  • FIG. 2 represents a view from above of the stator of the electric machine of FIG. 1 according to the state of the art
  • 3 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to the state of the art
  • Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator receiving the pins according to the state of the art
  • Figures 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 show a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 12 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Identical, similar or similar elements retain the
  • the width terms used to qualify the notch and the pinprints correspond to the size of the notch and the pin branches in a radial ortho direction
  • the length terms used to qualify the notch and the pinprints correspond to the dimension of the notch and the pinprints in a radial direction.
  • Figure 8 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X of a notch 103 of the stator 50 of the electric machine 100 according to the invention.
  • This stator can replace the stator of the state of the art in place of the stator 50 illustrated in Figure 1.
  • This notch 103 differs in particular from that of FIG. 4 in that it is trapezoidal in shape so that, as described below, the insertion set of the at least one high location 109 of the notch is greater than the insertion set of the bottom slot 108 of the notch.
  • Trapezoidal notch means a notch whose two radial edges 105a and 105b converge towards the gap 1 10.
  • the stator 50 comprises a tooth 106 defined between two adjacent slots 1 03.
  • Each of the two notches 103 has a trapezoidal shape and includes edges 105a and 105b covered with an insulator 104. As can be seen for each of the notches 103, the two edges 105a and 105b converge towards the gap 1 10.
  • Two edges 105b and 105a form the two sides of the tooth 106. As can be seen by straight lines 17 and 18 which extend the two sides of the tooth 106, the two sides diverge towards the gap 1 10. One could also provide that the two sides of the tooth 106 are parallel, one then obtains a tooth 106 with parallel sides. It should be noted that this would not prevent the edges of the notches 103 from converging, in fact, in general the stator body is annular and curved.
  • the different sets of insertion of the notch 103 are illustrated in FIG. 8. These are the insertion sets 1 13, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16 measured between one of the pin branches 101b. or 102a and the edges of the notch covered with the insulator 104.
  • the insertion sets 1 13 and 1 14 of the bottom slot 108 are measured between the pin branch 101 b occupying the low slot 108 and the edge 105 a covered with the insulator 104, the insertion sets 1 15 and 1 16 of the top location 109 are measured between the pin branch 102a occupying the top location 109 and the edge 105a covered with the insulation 104.
  • the insertion set 1 16 is greater than the insertion set 1 15 which is itself greater than the insertion set 1 14 which is itself This is due in particular to the divergence of the edge 105a with respect to the edge 105b when one moves away from the air gap 1 10 while the locations and the pinpricks that they receive. are aligned.
  • the insertion set of the at least one high location 109 of the notch is greater than the set of insertion of the low location 108 of the notch.
  • the insertion set of a low location 108 is less than 0.1 mm. That is, 0.1 mm> 1 13 and / or 0.1 mm> 1 14.
  • slots 108 and 109 are provided in slot 103 for receiving two pin branches.
  • slots 108, 109, 109 and 109 could also be provided as illustrated in FIG. 5 with trapezoidal notch edges allowing an increase in the insertion gaps as one moves away from the gap 1 10.
  • the pin branches 102a and 101b have for example parallel sides. More specifically, the pin branches have a section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis whose two sides of substantially radial orientation are parallel. This is called a branch of pins with parallel sides.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show the positioning of the pin-branches in the top 109 and bottom 108 locations of the notch 103 in the case of an offset and inclination of the pin-branches respectively, these offsets and inclinations being substantially equal to those illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 in particular because of notch width at the top location 109, with the same inclinations and offsets, Collisions that lead to problematic insertion are avoided. This is particularly advantageous because we obtain this result without reducing the amount of flow back by the tooth. Indeed, for a given tooth if we consider its width with a substantially ortho radial direction and its length with a radial direction, the amount of flow back is directly dependent on the minimum width of the tooth over its entire length.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a notch 103 provided with the two pin branches according to a second embodiment in which it is envisaged that the pin branch 101b received in the bottom slot 108 is stamped so that its section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis has a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the trapezoidal shape of the notch.
  • the shape of the pin branch 101b received in the bottom slot 108 is adapted to the trapezoidal shape of the notch.
  • a trapezius pin branch is understood to mean a pin branch whose two converging radial sides towards the air gap 1 10.

Abstract

Rotary electric machine (100) comprising: - a rotor (2) rotating about an axis (X) - a stator (50) surrounding said rotor (2), the air gap (110) being formed by the space between the rotor (2) and the stator, the stator (50) comprising notches (103), wherein each of the notches comprises sites (108, 109) for receiving hairpins, in which, for each notch (103), said sites (108, 109) are aligned such that only one site, referred to as the low site (108), is contiguous with the air gap and at least one other site, referred to as the high site (109), is not contiguous with the air gap, said high and low sites (108, 109) each receiving a hairpin branch with an insertion clearance. The notch (103) is in the shape of a trapezium such that the insertion clearance of the at least one high site (109) of the notch is greater than the insertion clearance of the low site (108).

Description

MACHINE ELECTRIQUE TOURNANTE MUNIE D'UN STATOR AVEC UN BOBINAGE EPINGLE  ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE PROVIDED WITH A STATOR WITH A PIPE WINDING
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention porte sur une machine électrique tournante munie d'un stator avec un bobinage épingle, la machine électrique pouvant fonctionner par exemple de manière réversible en mode moteur et en mode alternateur. The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine provided with a stator with a pin winding, the electric machine being able to operate for example reversibly in motor mode and in alternator mode.
ARRIERE PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
De manière connue, les machines électriques tournantes comportent deux parties coaxiales à savoir un rotor et un stator entourant le corps du rotor. De manière connue, les machines électriques tournantes comportent deux parties coaxiales à savoir un rotor et un stator entourant le rotor. In a known manner, the rotating electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the body of the rotor. In known manner, the rotating electrical machines comprise two coaxial parts, namely a rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor.
En se reportant à la figure 1 , on a représenté un exemple d'une telle machine électrique tournante référencée 100, dans le cas d'un alternateur à ventilation interne du type polyphasé pour véhicule automobile à moteur thermique fonctionnant en mode alternateur. Bien entendu l'alternateur peut aussi être réversible et consister en un alterno-démarreur fonctionnant également en mode moteur électrique notamment pour démarrer le moteur thermique du véhicule comme décrit dans le document FR A 2 745 445 pour assurer la propulsion du véhicule automobile. Lorsque la machine 100 fonctionne en mode alternateur elle transforme de l'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique comme tout alternateur. Lorsque la machine fonctionne en mode moteur électrique, notamment en mode démarreur pour démarrer le moteur thermique du véhicule, elle transforme de l'énergie électrique en énergie mécanique. Cette machine 100 comporte essentiellement un carter 1 et, à l'intérieur de celui-ci, un rotor 2 solidaire en rotation d'un arbre central 3, appelé arbre de rotor, et un stator 50 de forme annulaire, qui entoure le rotor 2 avec présence d'un entrefer 1 10 et qui comporte un corps 4 en forme d'un paquet de tôles doté d'encoches, par exemple du type semi-fermé, pour le montage d'un bobinage de stator 5 formant de part et d'autre du corps 4 de stator 50, à chaque extrémité axiale de celui-ci, un chignon avant 51 et un chignon arrière 53 qui sont saillants axialement. En d'autres termes, la machine électrique tournante comprend: Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an example of such a rotating electrical machine referenced 100, in the case of an alternator with internal ventilation polyphase type for a motor vehicle with a combustion engine operating in alternator mode. Of course, the alternator may also be reversible and consist of an alternator-starter also operating in electric motor mode, in particular for starting the engine of the vehicle as described in document FR A 2,745,445 for the propulsion of the motor vehicle. When the machine 100 operates in alternator mode, it transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy like any alternator. When the machine operates in electric motor mode, especially in starter mode to start the engine of the vehicle, it transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. This machine 100 essentially comprises a housing 1 and, inside thereof, a rotor 2 integral in rotation with a central shaft 3, called a rotor shaft, and a stator 50 of annular shape, which surrounds the rotor 2 with the presence of a gap 1 10 and which comprises a body 4 in the form of a pack of sheets provided with notches, for example of the semi-closed type, for mounting a stator winding 5 forming on either side of the stator body 4, at each axial end thereof, a front bun 51 and a rear bun 53 which project axially. In other words, the rotating electrical machine comprises:
-un rotor 2 tournant autour d'un axe X a rotor 2 rotating about an axis X
-un stator 50 entourant ledit rotor 2, l'espace entre le rotor 2 et le stator 50 définissant un entrefer 1 10 de la machine et les encoches du stator 50 sont par exemple ouvertes du côté de l'entrefer. Ce bobinage 5 comporte par exemple un jeu d'enroulements triphasé en étoile ou en triangle, dont les sorties sont reliées à un pont redresseur, visible partiellement en 52, comportant des éléments redresseurs tels que des diodes ou des transistors du type MOSFET, notamment lorsque la machine consiste en un alterno- démarreur. Par exemple, les enroulements du bobinage 5 sont obtenus à l'aide d'un fil continu, électriquement conducteur, revêtu d'une couche électriquement isolante, tel que de l'émail, et monté dans les encoches concernées du corps 4 du stator 50 via des isolants d'encoches (non visibles). a stator 50 surrounding said rotor 2, the space between the rotor 2 and the stator 50 defining an air gap 1 10 of the machine and the notches of the stator 50 are for example open on the air gap side. This winding 5 comprises for example a set of three-phase star or delta windings, the outputs of which are connected to a rectifier bridge, partially visible at 52, comprising rectifying elements such as diodes or MOSFET transistors, especially when the machine consists of an alternator-starter. For example, the windings of the winding 5 are obtained using a continuous, electrically conductive wire coated with an electrically insulating layer, such as enamel, and mounted in the respective notches of the body 4 of the stator 50. via notch insulators (not visible).
On peut aussi prévoir que le bobinage 5 comporte des épingles également appelées "segment conductor" ou "u-pin" selon des termes anglo-saxons bien connus de l'homme du métier. It is also possible that the winding 5 has pins also called "conductor segment" or "u-pin" according to Anglo-Saxon terms well known to those skilled in the art.
Selon une variante, le bobinage 5 comporte deux jeux d'enroulements triphasés pour former un dispositif d'enroulements composites de stator, les enroulements étant décalés de trente degrés électriques comme décrit par exemple dans les documents US-A1 -2002/0175589, et FR-A-2.784.248. Dans ce cas il est prévu deux ponts redresseurs et toutes les combinaisons d'enroulements triphasés en étoile et/ou en triangle sont possibles. En variante le bobinage du stator est du type pentaphasé. D'une manière générale l'alternateur est du type polyphasé et le ou les ponts redresseurs permettent notamment de redresser le courant alternatif produit dans les enroulements du stator 50 en un courant continu notamment pour charger la batterie du véhicule automobile et alimenter les charges et les consommateurs électriques du réseau de bord du véhicule automobile. According to one variant, the winding 5 comprises two sets of three-phase windings to form a device for composite stator windings, the windings being shifted by thirty electric degrees, as described for example in the documents US-A1-2002/0175589, and FR -A-2784248. In this case, two rectifier bridges are provided and all combinations of three-phase star and / or delta windings are possible. In a variant, the stator winding is of the pentaphase type. In general, the alternator is of the polyphase type and the rectifier bridge or bridges make it possible, in particular, to rectify the alternating current produced in the windings of the stator 50 into a direct current, in particular for charging the battery of the motor vehicle and supplying the loads and electrical consumers of the on-board network of the motor vehicle.
Le rotor 2, de forme annulaire, est réalisé dans l'exemple représenté sous la forme d'un rotor à griffes, comme décrit par exemple dans les documents US-A1 -2002/01 75589, comprenant deux roues polaires 7,8 ici axialement juxtaposées et présentant chacune un flasque transversal de forme annulaire pourvu à sa périphérie extérieure de griffes 9. The rotor 2, of annular shape, is made in the example shown in the form of a claw rotor, as described for example in the documents US-A1-2002 / 01 75589, comprising two pole wheels 7,8 here axially juxtaposed and each having an annular transverse flange provided at its outer periphery with claws 9.
Chaque griffe 9 comporte un tronçon d'enracinement d'orientation transversale dans le plan du flasque concerné. Ce tronçon d'enracinement est prolongé à sa périphérie extérieure par une dent d'orientation globalement axiale avec présence d'un chanfrein entre la dent et le tronçon d'enracinement. Each claw 9 has a rooting section of transverse orientation in the plane of the flange concerned. This rooting section is extended at its outer periphery by a generally axial orientation tooth with presence of a chamfer between the tooth and the rooting section.
Un entrefer 1 10 annulaire existe entre la face périphérique extérieure des dents des griffes 9 et la périphérie intérieure du corps 4 du stator 50. An annular gap 1 10 exists between the outer peripheral face of the teeth of the claws 9 and the inner periphery of the body 4 of the stator 50.
Les dents sont globalement de forme trapézoïdale ou triangulaire. Les dents d'une roue polaire 7, 8 sont dirigées axialement vers le flasque de l'autre roue polaire 8, 7 ; la dent d'une roue 7, 8 pénétrant dans l'espace existant entre deux dents adjacentes de l'autre roue 8, 7 de sorte que les dents des roues 7, 8 soient imbriquées. Pour plus de précisions on se reportera au document EP 051 5 259. The teeth are generally trapezoidal or triangular. The teeth of a pole wheel 7, 8 are directed axially towards the flange of the other pole wheel 8, 7; the tooth of a wheel 7, 8 penetrating the space between two adjacent teeth of the other wheel 8, 7 so that the teeth of the wheels 7, 8 are interleaved. For more details, see EP 051 5 259.
Un bobinage d'excitation 10 est implanté axialement entre les flasques des roues 7, 8. Il est porté par une partie de rotor 2 en forme d'un noyau annulaire cylindrique coaxial à l'arbre 3. Le noyau de la figure 1 est constitué de deux tronçons axialement distincts dont chacun est réalisé venu de matière avec une roue polaire 7,8 associée. Selon une variante non représentée, le noyau central est constitué d'une seule pièce et il est distinct des roues polaires 7, 8 qui sont agencées axialement de part et d'autre du noyau. An excitation winding 10 is implanted axially between the flanges of the wheels 7, 8. It is carried by a rotor portion 2 in the form of a cylindrical annular core coaxial with the shaft 3. The core of FIG. two axially distinct sections each of which is made integrally with an associated pole wheel 7.8. According to a variant not shown, the central core consists of a single piece and is distinct polar wheels 7, 8 which are arranged axially on either side of the core.
Le bobinage 10 est donc implanté dans l'espace délimité radialement par les griffes 9 des roues 7,8 et le noyau central. Les roues 7, 8 et le noyau sont de préférence en matière ferromagnétique et sont traversées de manière coaxiale par l'arbre de rotor 3 également en matériau ferromagnétique. Ces roues 7, 8 sont solidaires de l'arbre 3. A cet effet, chaque roue 7, 8 comporte un alésage central qui traverse axialement le flasque et prolonge l'alésage de la partie du noyau concerné. L'arbre 3 présente des portions moletées (non référencées) et est emmanché à force dans les alésages précités du noyau et des roues 7, 8 en sorte, qu'il taille des sillons par l'intermédiaire de ses portions moletées. L'arbre 3 est ainsi solidaire en rotation et axialement des roues, une entretoise, non référencée, étant intercalée entre la roue 7 et un roulement 19 décrit ci-après. L'axe de l'arbre 3 constitue l'axe X de la machine. Le fil du bobinage 10 est bobiné sur un support en matière électriquement isolante (non représenté) monté, de préférence à force, sur la périphérie extérieure du noyau. The winding 10 is thus implanted in the space delimited radially by the claws 9 of the wheels 7,8 and the central core. The wheels 7, 8 and the core are preferably of ferromagnetic material and are traversed coaxially by the rotor shaft 3 also made of ferromagnetic material. These wheels 7, 8 are integral with the shaft 3. For this purpose, each wheel 7, 8 comprises a central bore which passes axially through the flange and extends the bore of the part of the core concerned. The shaft 3 has knurled portions (not referenced) and is force-fitted into the aforementioned bores of the core and the wheels 7, 8 so that it cuts grooves through its knurled portions. The shaft 3 is thus integral in rotation and axially wheels, a spacer, not referenced, being interposed between the wheel 7 and a bearing 19 described below. The axis of the shaft 3 constitutes the X axis of the machine. The winding wire 10 is wound on a support of electrically insulating material (not shown) mounted, preferably by force, on the outer periphery of the core.
Lorsque le bobinage d'excitation 10 est activé, c'est-à-dire alimenté électriquement, les roues 7, 8 et le noyau, sont magnétisés et le rotor 2 devient un rotor inducteur avec formation de pôles magnétiques au niveau des griffes 9 des roues 7, 8. When the excitation winding 10 is activated, that is to say electrically powered, the wheels 7, 8 and the core are magnetized and the rotor 2 becomes an inductor rotor with the formation of magnetic poles at the claws 9 wheels 7, 8.
Ce rotor inducteur 2 crée un courant induit alternatif dans le stator 50 lorsque l'arbre 3 tourne. This inductor rotor 2 creates an alternating induced current in the stator 50 when the shaft 3 rotates.
L'arbre 3 du rotor 2 porte à son extrémité avant un organe de transmission de mouvement 12, ici une poulie 12 appartenant à un dispositif de transmission de mouvements par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une courroie (non représentée) entre l'alternateur et le moteur thermique du véhicule automobile. Cet arbre porte à son extrémité arrière des bagues collectrices 13 reliées par des liaisons filaires (non représentées) aux extrémités du bobinage d'excitation 10 du rotor 2. The shaft 3 of the rotor 2 carries at its front end a movement transmission member 12, here a pulley 12 belonging to a device for transmitting movements through at least one belt (not shown) between the alternator and the engine of the motor vehicle. This shaft carries at its rear end slip rings 13 connected by wire links (not shown) to the ends of the excitation winding 10 of the rotor 2.
En variante la poulie 12 est remplacée par un engrenage et le dispositif de transmission est à chaîne et/ou à engrenages. Des balais appartiennent à un porte-balais représenté de façon générale à la référence 14 et ils sont disposés de façon à frotter sur les bagues collectrices 13, afin d'alimenter le bobinage 10 en courant électrique. Le porte-balais 14 est relié à un régulateur de tension (non représenté). Alternatively the pulley 12 is replaced by a gear and the transmission device is chain and / or gear. Brushes belong to a brush holder shown generally at reference 14 and they are arranged so as to rub on the slip rings 13, to supply the winding 10 with electrical current. The brush holder 14 is connected to a voltage regulator (not shown).
Le carter 1 dans lequel sont placés le rotor 2 et le stator 50 est ici en deux parties, à savoir un flasque avant 16 adjacent à la poulie 12 et un flasque arrière 17 portant le porte-balais 14 et le plus souvent le ou les ponts redresseurs et le régulateur de tension. Les flasques 16, 17 de forme annulaire, par exemple à base d'aluminium, sont de forme creuse et portent chacun centralement un roulement à billes respectivement 19 et 20 pour le montage à rotation de l'arbre 3 du rotor 2. Les flasques sont assemblés entre eux à l'aide de tirants ou de vis comme visible par exemple à la figure 1 du document EP 0515 259 précité. En d'autres termes, Le carter 1 de la machine 100 comprend le flasque avant 16 également appelé palier avant et le flasque arrière 17 également palier arrière. Comme illustré sur la figure 1 , on peut prévoir à la périphérie externe du corps 4 du stator, en forme de paquet de tôle, un système élastique pour filtrer les vibrations, avec à l'avant un joint plat 40 et à l'arrière des tampons 41 , de la résine souple et thermo conductrice étant intercalée entre le flasque avant et le corps de stator pour évacuer la chaleur. En variante il n'est pas prévu de joints. Dans tous les cas le stator est porté de manière fixe par le carter 1 , tandis que le rotor 2 est porté centralement à rotation par le carter 1 via les roulements 19, 20. En variante le carter est en trois parties, les flasques 16, 17 étant disposés de part et d'autre d'une partie centrale portant le corps de stator. Les flasques sont assemblés à la partie intermédiaire par exemple par vissage. The casing 1 in which are placed the rotor 2 and the stator 50 is here in two parts, namely a front flange 16 adjacent to the pulley 12 and a rear flange 17 carrying the brush holder 14 and most often the bridge or bridges rectifiers and the voltage regulator. The flanges 16, 17 of annular shape, for example based on aluminum, are hollow in shape and each bear a central ball bearing respectively 19 and 20 for the rotational mounting of the shaft 3 of the rotor 2. The flanges are assembled together with tie rods or screws as shown for example in Figure 1 of EP 0515 259 supra. In other words, the casing 1 of the machine 100 comprises the front flange 16 also called front bearing and the rear flange 17 also rear bearing. As illustrated in FIG. 1, an elastic system for filtering vibrations can be provided at the outer periphery of the stator body 4, in the form of a sheet package, with a flat gasket 40 at the front and rear buffers 41, flexible and thermally conductive resin being interposed between the front flange and the stator body to remove heat. In a variant, no seals are provided. In all cases the stator is fixedly carried by the casing 1, while the rotor 2 is carried centrally rotatably by the casing 1 via the bearings 19, 20. Alternatively the housing is in three parts, the flanges 16, 17 being disposed on either side of a central portion carrying the stator body. The flanges are assembled to the intermediate portion for example by screwing.
L'alternateur comporte aussi des moyens pour son refroidissement. A cet effet, à la figure 1 , les flasques 16, 17 sont ajourés pour permettre le refroidissement de l'alternateur par circulation d'air et le rotor 2 porte au moins à l'une de ses extrémités axiales un ventilateur destiné à assurer cette circulation de l'air. Ici un premier ventilateur 23 est prévu sur la face frontale avant du rotor 2 et un deuxième ventilateur 24, sur la face arrière du rotor 12. Chaque ventilateur 23, 24 est de forme annulaire et est pourvu d'une pluralité de pâles 26 et est fixé sur les faces radiales externes des flasques des roues 7, 8. The alternator also comprises means for cooling it. For this purpose, in Figure 1, the flanges 16, 17 are perforated to allow the cooling of the alternator by air circulation and the rotor 2 carries at least at one of its axial ends a fan for providing this. air circulation. Here a first fan 23 is provided on the front end face of the rotor 2 and a second fan 24, on the rear face of the rotor 12. Each fan 23, 24 is of annular shape and is provided with a plurality of blades 26 and is fixed on the outer radial faces of the flanges of the wheels 7, 8.
Les ventilateurs sont par exemple métalliques et sont obtenus avec leur pâles 26 par découpe et pliage. Les ventilateurs 23, 24 sont par exemple du type centrifuge ou hélico-centrifuge. The fans are for example metallic and are obtained with their blades 26 by cutting and folding. The fans 23, 24 are for example centrifugal or helico-centrifugal type.
En référence à la figure 1 , l'air est aspiré par des ouvertures 60 du flasque avant entourant la poulie 12 à l'avant du flasque puis est majoritairement éjecté de manière centrifuge par les pales 26 et passe dans l'espace entre le chignon avant 51 et le flasque avant 16 pour refroidir le chignon avant et finalement sortir par des ouvertures 61 sur la périphérie radiale externe du flasque avant. Le flasque arrière 17 présente également une pluralité d'orifices d'entrée et de sortie d'air. Referring to Figure 1, the air is drawn through openings 60 of the front flange surrounding the pulley 12 at the front of the flange and is mainly ejected centrifugally by the blades 26 and passes into the space between the front bun 51 and the front flange 16 to cool the front bun and finally out through openings 61 on the outer radial periphery of the front flange. The rear flange 17 also has a plurality of air inlet and outlet ports.
A la figure 1 , le porte-balais 14 et le régulateur de tension, solidaires du flasque 17, sont coiffé par un capot 70, solidaire du flasque arrière 17 en étant fixé ici sur celui-ci par encliquetage sur des goujons 71 solidaires du flasque arrière. Ce capot 70 présente également des orifices d'entrée d'air, non visibles à la figure 1 . In FIG. 1, the brush holder 14 and the voltage regulator, integral with the flange 17, are capped by a cover 70, integral with the rear flange 17, being fixed here on the latter by snapping onto studs 71 integral with the flange. back. This cover 70 also has air intake orifices, not visible in FIG. 1.
Les figures 2 à 7 représentent plus en détail le stator 50 comprenant le bobinage 5 quand le bobinage comprend des épingles. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, le stator 50 comprend un corps de stator 4 et un bobinage 5 formé d'épingles dont 2 seulement sont illustrées ici à savoir les deux épingles 101 et 102 qui se retrouvent dans une encoche 103. Plus précisément, chacune des deux épingles 101 et 102 comprend deux branches d'épingle 101 a et 101 b d'une part et 102a et 102b d'autre part et dans l'encoche 103 se retrouvent une branche de chacune de ces deux épingles 101 b et 102a. Figures 2 to 7 show in more detail the stator 50 comprising the winding 5 when the winding comprises pins. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the stator 50 comprises a stator body 4 and a winding 5 formed of pins of which only 2 are illustrated here namely the two pins 101 and 102 which are found in a notch 103. More specifically, each of the two pins 101 and 102 comprises two pin branches 101a and 101b on the one hand and 102a and 102b on the other hand and in the notch 103 are found a branch of each of these two pins 101b and 102a.
La figure 3 illustre plus en détail l'encoche 103 du stator 50 avant l'introduction des épingles. Cette encoche 103 est délimitée par deux dents 106 situés de part et d'autre de l'encoche 103 et comprend une ouverture d'encoche 107 située du côté de l'entrefer 1 10 de la machine électrique 100. L'ouverture d'encoche 107 est nécessaire pour éviter tout court circuit entre les deux dents adjacentes 106. Figure 3 illustrates in more detail the notch 103 of the stator 50 before the introduction of the pins. This notch 103 is delimited by two teeth 106 situated on either side of the notch 103 and comprises a notch opening 107 situated on the side of the gap 1 10 of the electrical machine 100. The notch opening 107 is necessary to avoid any short circuit between the two adjacent teeth 106.
L'encoche 103 comprend des emplacements 108 et 109 pour recevoir des épingles 101 et 102. Les emplacements 108, 109 sont alignés par exemple radialement de sorte que seul un emplacement dit emplacement bas 108 est contigu de l'entrefer 1 10 et au moins un autre emplacement dit haut 109 n'est pas contigu de l'entrefer 1 10. Les emplacements haut et bas 108, 109 sont destinés à recevoir chacun une branche d'épingle. L'encoche 103 comprend deux bords de direction sensiblement radiale 105a et 105b ainsi que deux bords de direction sensiblement ortho radiale 105c et 105d, le bord 105d étant situé du côté de l'ouverture d'encoche 107. Il est prévu que les deux bords 105a et 105b sont parallèles. On parle alors d'encoche à bords parallèles. La figure 4 illustre plus en détail l'encoche 103 du stator 50, elle se distingue de la figure 3 en ce que l'encoche est maintenant pourvue des deux branches d'épingle 101 b et 102a, la branche 101 b étant reçue dans l'emplacement 108 et la branche 102a étant reçue dans l'emplacement 109. Les branches d'épingle 102a et 101 b présentent une section dont les deux côtés qui sont sensiblement d'orientation radiale sont parallèles. On parle alors de branche d'épingles à côtés parallèles. The notch 103 includes slots 108 and 109 for receiving pins 101 and 102. The locations 108, 109 are aligned for example radially so that only a location said low location 108 is contiguous with the gap 1 10 and at least one other location said top 109 is not contiguous to the air gap 1 10. The up and down locations 108, 109 are intended to each receive a pin branch. The notch 103 comprises two edges of substantially radial direction 105a and 105b and two edges of substantially ortho radial direction 105c and 105d, the edge 105d being located on the side of the slot opening 107. It is expected that the two edges 105a and 105b are parallel. This is called a notch with parallel edges. FIG. 4 illustrates in more detail the notch 103 of the stator 50, it is distinguished from FIG. 3 in that the notch is now provided with the two pin branches 101b and 102a, the branch 101b being received in FIG. location 108 and the branch 102a being received in the location 109. The pin branches 102a and 101b have a section of which both sides that are substantially radial in orientation are parallel. This is called a branch of pins with parallel sides.
Par ailleurs, en référence à la figure 2, il apparaît que pour l'épingle 101 , l'autre branche 101 a est dans un emplacement haut 109 tandis que pour l'épingle 102, l'autre branche 102b est dans un emplacement bas. Furthermore, with reference to Figure 2, it appears that for the pin 101, the other leg 101a is in a high location 109 while for the pin 102, the other leg 102b is in a low location.
En d'autres termes, pour chaque épingle 101 , 102 ayant une branche reçue dans un emplacement bas, son autre branche est reçue dans un emplacement haut d'une autre encoche. In other words, for each pin 101, 102 having a branch received in a low location, its other branch is received in a high slot of another slot.
Le stator 50 comprend un isolant 104 qui recouvre des bords d'au moins une encoche. En l'occurrence l'isolant 104 recouvre ici deux bords radiaux 105a et 105b ainsi que deux bords ortho radiaux 105c et 105d de l'encoche, le bord 105d étant situé du côté de l'ouverture d'encoche 107. The stator 50 comprises an insulator 104 which covers edges of at least one notch. In this case the insulator 104 covers here two radial edges 105a and 105b and two ortho radial edges 105c and 105d of the notch, the edge 105d being located on the side of the slot opening 107.
De plus, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, il peut s'agir d'un isolant 104 en forme de "S" qui est reconnaissable en ce qu'il s'étend entre les deux branches 101 b et 102a dans l'encoche. Selon une variante on pourrait prévoir un autre type d'isolant en forme de "O". In addition, as can be seen in FIG. 4, it may be an insulator 104 in the shape of "S" which is recognizable in that it extends between the two branches 101b and 102a in FIG. notch. Alternatively one could provide another type of insulation in the form of "O".
Toutefois, lors de l'insertion des épingles dans le corps de stator 4, il peut arriver que l'insertion soit problématique. On entend par insertion problématique, une insertion selon laquelle il y a une collision entre la branche d'épingle et l'isolant ce qui peut provoquer un arrachage ou un déplacement axial de l'isolant, une impossibilité d'emmancher les branches d'épingle, ou une blessure des branches d'épingles ou de l'isolant, la blessure des branches d'épingles pouvant provoquer un enlèvement d'un email isolant électriquement desdites branches. C'est problématique car l'isolant d'une part et l'email de l'épingle d'autre part sont destinés à empêcher tout contact électrique entre le corps de stator et les épingles. Ainsi, leur blessure peut provoquer un court circuit du stator qui rend l'ensemble de la machine électrique non utilisable. Pour éviter cela, on peut prévoir comme illustré sur la figure 4, que chacune des deux branches est reçue dans son emplacement respectif avec un jeu d'insertion de l'encoche 103. However, when inserting the pins in the stator body 4, it may happen that insertion is problematic. By problematic insertion is meant an insertion according to which there is a collision between the pin-branch and the insulator, which can cause tearing or axial displacement of the insulator, an impossibility to grip the pin-branches. , or injury of the pinprints or insulation, the injury of the pinprints can cause removal of an electrically insulating email of said branches. This is problematic because the insulation on the one hand and the email of the pin on the other hand are intended to prevent any electrical contact between the stator body and the pins. Thus, their injury can cause a short circuit of the stator that makes the entire electrical machine unusable. To avoid this, it can be provided as illustrated in Figure 4, that each of the two branches is received in its respective location with a set of insertion of the notch 103.
Le jeu d'insertion pour l'encoche 103 correspond à la moitié d'une différence entre une distance 1 1 1 entre les deux bords radiaux 105a et 105b après qu'ils soient recouverts de l'isolant 104 et une largeur en section 1 12 des branches d'épingle reçue. Par exemple, la largeur en section est mesurée selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X et dans une direction sensiblement ortho radiale, de même la distance entre les deux bords radiaux est mesurée selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X et dans une direction sensiblement ortho radiale. En d'autres termes, le jeu d'insertion correspond à une distance mesurée entre la branche d'épingle et le bord recouvert de l'isolant. The insertion clearance for the notch 103 corresponds to half a difference between a distance 1 1 1 between the two radial edges 105a and 105b after they are covered with the insulator 104 and a width in section 1 12 pin branches received. For example, the width in section is measured along a plane perpendicular to the X axis and in a substantially ortho radial direction, and the distance between the two radial edges is measured along a plane perpendicular to the X axis and in one direction. substantially ortho radial. In other words, the insertion clearance corresponds to a distance measured between the pin-branch and the edge covered with the insulation.
Le jeu d'insertion permet d'avoir une marge qui compense d'éventuels défauts des épingles ou des encoches et d'éviter ainsi une insertion problématique. Par exemple, si la largeur en section 1 12 d'une branche d'épingle est plus grande que les valeurs nominales ou si la distance entre les deux bords radiaux de l'encoche est plus petite que les valeurs nominales alors la présence du jeu d'insertion compensera les défauts pour éviter une insertion problématique. On peut comme cela est illustré sur la figure 4, prévoir un jeu uniforme basé sur le fait que les branches d'épingles sont parfaitement parallèles aux bords des encoches, ces jeux entre la branche d'épingle et les bords radiaux recouverts de l'isolant sont par exemple de l'ordre de 0.1 mm de part et d'autre de la branche d'épingle. Ces jeux uniformes forment des espaces vides qui peuvent occuper 10% de la surface d'encoche qui est par exemple de 10mm x 2.5 mm. The insertion game allows you to have a margin that compensates for possible defects pins or notches and thus avoid a problematic insertion. For example, if the width in section 1 12 of a pin branch is greater than the nominal values or if the distance between the two radial edges of the notch is smaller than the nominal values then the presence of the set of insertion will compensate for defects to avoid problematic insertion. As can be seen in Figure 4, provide a uniform game based on the fact that the pins are perfectly parallel to the edges of the notches, these games between the pin branch and the radial edges covered with insulation are for example of the order of 0.1 mm on either side of the pin branch. These uniform gaps form empty spaces that can occupy 10% of the notch surface which is for example 10mm x 2.5 mm.
La figure 5 illustre en détail une encoche 103 du stator. Cette encoche 103 se distingue de celle illustrée sur la figure 4 en ce que l'encoche comprend 4 emplacements pour recevoir des épingles. Plus précisément, l'encoche 103 comprend un emplacement bas 108 et trois emplacements hauts 109 pour recevoir chacun une branche d'épingle. Figure 5 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator. This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in Figure 4 in that the notch comprises 4 locations for receiving pins. More precisely, the notch 103 includes a bottom location 108 and three top locations 109 for each receiving a pin branch.
La figure 6 illustre en détail une encoche 103 du stator. Cette encoche 103 se distingue de celle illustrée sur la figure 4 en ce que les deux branches 101 b et 102a sont inclinées dans leur emplacement respectif 108 et 109. Il s'agit d'une inclinaison qui peut se retrouver plus ou moins prononcée lors de l'insertion des épingles dans le corps de stator 4. Figure 6 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator. This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in FIG. 4 in that the two branches 101b and 102a are inclined in their respective locations 108 and 109. This is an inclination which can be more or less pronounced during the insertion of the pins in the stator body 4.
La figure 7 illustre en détail une encoche 103 du stator. Cette encoche 103 se distingue de celle illustrée sur la figure 4 en ce que les deux branches 101 b et 102a sont décalées dans leur emplacement respectif 108 et 109. Il s'agit d'un décalage qui peut se retrouver plus ou moins prononcé lors de l'insertion des épingles dans le corps de stator 4. Figure 7 illustrates in detail a notch 103 of the stator. This notch 103 differs from that illustrated in FIG. 4 in that the two branches 101b and 102a are offset in their respective locations 108 and 109. This is an offset which can be more or less pronounced during the insertion of the pins in the stator body 4.
Le jeu uniforme tel que montré en figure 4 supposant que les branches d'épingles sont parfaitement parallèles aux bords des encoches ne correspond pas à la réalité et il apparaît qu'avec un jeu d'insertion uniforme de l'ordre de par exemple 0.1 mm de part et d'autre de la branche d'épingle on ne peut pas éviter notamment dans les emplacements hauts, la collision lors de l'insertion des branches d'épingle quand celles-ci sont décalées ou inclinées. En effet, il apparaît que les inclinaisons et décalages illustrés dans les figures 6 et 7 impliquent des collisions entre les branches d'épingles et l'isolant. The uniform play as shown in Figure 4 assuming that the pin branches are perfectly parallel to the edges of the notches does not correspond to reality and it appears that with a uniform insertion clearance of the order of for example 0.1 mm on both sides of the pin-branch, it is impossible to avoid, particularly in the high positions, the collision when inserting the pin-branches when they are offset or inclined. Indeed, it appears that the inclinations and offsets illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 involve collisions between the pins and the insulator.
De plus, si l'on prévoit un jeu d'insertion uniforme suffisant pour permettre de compenser l'inclinaison ou le décalage tel qu'illustre en figure 6 ou 7, il serait très important si bien que la surface occupée de l'encoche serait fortement réduite. Cela est également préjudiciable car alors la résistance du bobinage augmente ce qui augmente les pertes joules et réduit le rendement de la machine. Il existe donc un besoin pour un dimensionnement du stator permettant d'éviter la collision entre l'isolant ou l'encoche et la branche d'épingle tout en conservant une surface d'encoche occupée importante. Moreover, if a uniform insertion clearance sufficient to compensate for the inclination or offset as shown in FIG. 6 or 7 is provided, it would be very important that the occupied area of the notch would be greatly reduced. This is also detrimental because then the winding resistance increases which increases joules losses and reduces the efficiency of the machine. There is therefore a need for a stator dimensioning to avoid the collision between the insulator or the notch and the pin branch while maintaining a large occupied notch surface.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION L'invention a pour objet de répondre à ce souhait tout en remédiant à au moins un de ces inconvénients précités. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to meet this wish while at the same time remedying at least one of these aforementioned drawbacks.
Suivant l'invention, il est proposé une machine électrique tournante comprenant: According to the invention, there is provided a rotating electrical machine comprising:
-un rotor tournant autour d'un axe X -un stator entourant ledit rotor, l'espace entre le rotor et le stator définissant un entrefer de la machine, le stator comprenant des encoches, chacune des encoches comprend des emplacements pour recevoir des épingles, dans laquelle pour chaque encoche, lesdits emplacements sont alignés de sorte que seul un emplacement dit emplacement bas est contigu de l'entrefer et au moins un autre emplacement dit haut n'est pas contigu de l'entrefer, lesdits emplacements haut et bas recevant chacun une branche d'épingle avec un jeu d'insertion. a rotor rotating about an axis X -a stator surrounding said rotor, the space between the rotor and the stator defining an air gap of the machine, the stator comprising notches, each of the notches comprises locations for receiving pins, wherein for each notch, said locations are aligned so that only one location said low location is contiguous with the gap and at least one other location said high is not contiguous with the air gap, said top and bottom locations each receiving a pin branch with an insertion game.
Selon une caractéristique générale, l'encoche est de forme trapèze de sorte que le jeu d'insertion des au moins un emplacement haut de l'encoche soit supérieur au jeu d'insertion de l'emplacement bas de l'encoche. According to a general characteristic, the notch is of trapezoidal shape so that the insertion play of the at least one high slot of the notch is greater than the insertion set of the low slot of the notch.
En effet, les contraintes sur le jeu d'insertion sont plus importantes sur les emplacements hauts de l'encoche. Cela est notamment dû au fait que pour une encoche donnée, la branche d'épingle de l'emplacement haut est la dernière insérée. Ainsi, avec une forme d'encoche trapèze, il est possible par rapport à une encoche à bords parallèles d'obtenir pour un jeu d'insertion moins important voire identique au niveau de l'emplacement bas, un jeu d'insertion plus important au niveau de l'emplacement haut. Indeed, the constraints on the insertion game are greater on the high slots of the notch. This is due to the fact that for a given notch, the pin branch of the top location is the last one inserted. Thus, with a trapezoidal notch shape, it is possible with respect to a notch with parallel edges to obtain, for a smaller or even identical insertion set at the low location, a greater insertion clearance at level of the top location.
On peut donc réduire le jeu d'insertion au niveau de l'emplacement bas sans augmenter les contraintes d'insertion globales. Par ailleurs, cette réduction du jeu d'insertion permet une augmentation de la taille des dents ce qui permet de limiter la saturation des dents et une remontée de flux plus importante. So we can reduce the insertion set at the low location without increasing overall insertion constraints. Moreover, this reduction the insertion game allows an increase in the size of the teeth which allows to limit the saturation of the teeth and a higher flow rise.
Cela est d'autant plus intéressant que la partie basse des dents joue le rôle de goulet d'étranglement pour cette remontée du flux. Ainsi, en augmentant la taille des dents dans cette partie on peut facilement augmenter la quantité de flux remonté. En d'autres termes, pour une dent donnée si l'on considère sa largeur avec une direction sensiblement ortho radiale et sa longueur avec une direction radiale, la quantité de flux remonté dépend directement de la largeur minimale de la dent sur l'ensemble de sa longueur. This is all the more interesting as the lower part of the teeth plays the role of bottleneck for this rise of the flow. Thus, by increasing the size of the teeth in this part one can easily increase the amount of flow raised. In other words, for a given tooth if we consider its width with a substantially ortho radial direction and its length with a radial direction, the amount of flow raised depends directly on the minimum width of the tooth on the whole of the tooth. its length.
Selon l'état de la technique avec des encoches parallèles, la largeur minimale de la dent se situait au niveau de l'ouverture d'encoche juste en dessous des pieds de dent. Si on augmente la largeur des dents à cet endroit, on est donc sûr d'augmenter la largeur minimale, ce qui permet de remonter plus de flux même si d'autres secteurs de la dent présentent une largeur plus étroite par rapport à l'état de la technique. According to the state of the art with parallel notches, the minimum width of the tooth was at the notch opening just below the tooth roots. If we increase the width of the teeth at this point, we are sure to increase the minimum width, which allows to go up more flow even if other sectors of the tooth have a narrower width compared to the state of the technique.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques prises isolément ou en combinaison : According to other characteristics taken separately or in combination:
-le stator comprend des dents définies entre deux encoches adjacentes, lesdites dents étant à côtés parallèles. En utilisant une dent à côtés parallèles, on évite le phénomène de goulot d'étranglement qui limite le flux magnétique à la section selon un plan perpendiculaire au rayon la plus petite de la dent. Notamment, dans le cas d'une dent ayant une forme de trapèze quand on se déplace de l'entrefer vers la culasse du stator, le flux est limité par la section de la dent la plus proche de l'entrefer. -le jeu d'insertion d'un emplacement bas est inférieur à 0.1 mm. the stator comprises teeth defined between two adjacent notches, said teeth being of parallel sides. By using a parallel-sided tooth, the bottleneck phenomenon is avoided which limits the magnetic flux to the section in a plane perpendicular to the smallest radius of the tooth. In particular, in the case of a tooth having a trapezoidal shape when moving from the gap to the stator yoke, the flow is limited by the section of the tooth closest to the gap. the insertion set of a low location is less than 0.1 mm.
-le stator comprend un isolant, ledit isolant recouvrant des bords d'au moins une encoche. Le jeu d'insertion est ainsi défini entre le bord de l'encoche recouverte de l'isolant et le conducteur. the stator comprises an insulator, said insulator covering edges of at least one notch. The insertion clearance is thus defined between the edge of the notch covered with the insulator and the driver.
-l'isolant est un isolant en S. -chaque encoche comprend quatre emplacements pour recevoir quatre branches d'épingle. the insulator is an insulator in S. each notch includes four locations for receiving four pin branches.
- pour chaque encoche, au moins une branche d'épingle présentant une section dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, ladite section comprend des côtés orientés sensiblement radialement qui sont parallèles. - For each notch, at least one pin branch having a section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis, said section comprises substantially radially oriented sides which are parallel.
-la branche d'épingle reçue dans un emplacement bas est matricée de sorte que sa section dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X présente une forme trapèze correspondant à la forme trapèze de l'encoche. En effet, du fait des contraintes d'insertion moins importantes sur l'emplacement bas 108, l'espace disponible au niveau de l'emplacement bas n'est pas utile. Il est ainsi possible d'augmenter la largeur de la section de la branche et ainsi réduire sa longueur afin de donner plus de place en longueur à la branche d'épingle 102a dans l'emplacement haut 109. Cela permet pour une meilleure occupation de l'encoche et donc une résistance du bobinage diminuée. the pin branch received in a low location is stamped so that its section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis has a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the trapezoidal shape of the notch. Indeed, because of the less important insertion constraints on the low location 108, the space available at the low location is not useful. It is thus possible to increase the width of the section of the branch and thus reduce its length to give more room in length to the pin branch 102a in the top location 109. This allows for a better occupation of the limb. notch and therefore a decreased winding resistance.
-pour chaque épingle ayant une branche reçue dans un emplacement bas d'une encoche, son autre branche est reçue dans un emplacement haut d'une autre encoche. for each pin having a branch received in a low slot of a notch, its other branch is received in a high position of another notch.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures that accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'une machine électrique tournante sous la forme d'un alternateur selon l'état de la technique ; la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus du stator de la machine électrique de la figure 1 selon l'état de la technique ; la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, d'une encoche du stator selon l'état de la technique ; les figures 4, 5, 6 et 7 représentent une vue en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, d'une encoche du stator recevant les branches d'épingles selon l'état de la technique ; les figures 8, 9, 10 et 1 1 représentent une vue en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, d'une encoche du stator selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention; et la figure 12 représente une vue en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, d'une encoche du stator selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Les éléments identiques, similaires, ou analogues conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a rotating electrical machine in the form of an alternator according to the state of the art; FIG. 2 represents a view from above of the stator of the electric machine of FIG. 1 according to the state of the art; 3 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to the state of the art; Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator receiving the pins according to the state of the art; Figures 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 show a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to a first embodiment of the invention; and Figure 12 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X, a notch of the stator according to a second embodiment of the invention. Identical, similar or similar elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.
Dans l'ensemble de la description les termes largeur utilisés pour qualifier l'encoche et les branches d'épingles correspondent à la dimension de l'encoche et des branches d'épingles selon une direction ortho radiale, de même les termes longueur utilisés pour qualifier l'encoche et les branches d'épingles correspondent à la dimension de l'encoche et des branches d'épingles selon une direction radiale. Throughout the description, the width terms used to qualify the notch and the pinprints correspond to the size of the notch and the pin branches in a radial ortho direction, and the length terms used to qualify the notch and the pinprints correspond to the dimension of the notch and the pinprints in a radial direction.
DESCRIPTION D'EXEMPLES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
La figure 8 montre une vue en coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X d'une encoche 103 du stator 50 de la machine électrique 100 selon l'invention. Ce stator peut remplacer le stator de l'état de la technique en lieu et place du stator 50 illustré sur la figure 1 . Figure 8 shows a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis X of a notch 103 of the stator 50 of the electric machine 100 according to the invention. This stator can replace the stator of the state of the art in place of the stator 50 illustrated in Figure 1.
Cette encoche 103 se distingue notamment de celle de la figure 4 en ce qu'elle est de forme trapèze de sorte que comme cela est décrit ci-après le jeu d'insertion des au moins un emplacement haut 109 de l'encoche soit supérieur au jeu d'insertion de l'emplacement bas 108 de l'encoche. This notch 103 differs in particular from that of FIG. 4 in that it is trapezoidal in shape so that, as described below, the insertion set of the at least one high location 109 of the notch is greater than the insertion set of the bottom slot 108 of the notch.
On entend par encoche trapèze, une encoche dont les deux bords radiaux 105a et 105b convergent en allant vers l'entrefer 1 10. Ainsi par exemple comme on peut le voir sur la figure 9, le stator 50 comprend une dent 106 définie entre deux encoches 1 03 adjacentes. Chacune des deux encoches 103 présente une forme trapèze et comprend des bords 105a et 105b recouvert d'un isolant 104. Comme on peut le voir pour chacune des encoches 103, les deux bords 105a et 105b convergent en allant vers l'entrefer 1 10. Trapezoidal notch means a notch whose two radial edges 105a and 105b converge towards the gap 1 10. Thus, for example, as can be seen in FIG. 9, the stator 50 comprises a tooth 106 defined between two adjacent slots 1 03. Each of the two notches 103 has a trapezoidal shape and includes edges 105a and 105b covered with an insulator 104. As can be seen for each of the notches 103, the two edges 105a and 105b converge towards the gap 1 10.
Deux bords 105b et 105a forment les deux côtés de la dent 106. Comme on peut le voir par des droites 1 17 et 1 18 qui prolongent les deux côtés de la dent 106, les deux côtés divergent en allant vers l'entrefer 1 10. On pourrait également prévoir que les deux côtés de la dent 106 sont parallèles, on obtient alors une dent 106 à côtés parallèles. Il faut noter que cela n'empêcherait pas les bords des encoches 103 de converger, en effet, en général le corps de stator est de forme annulaire et courbée. Two edges 105b and 105a form the two sides of the tooth 106. As can be seen by straight lines 17 and 18 which extend the two sides of the tooth 106, the two sides diverge towards the gap 1 10. One could also provide that the two sides of the tooth 106 are parallel, one then obtains a tooth 106 with parallel sides. It should be noted that this would not prevent the edges of the notches 103 from converging, in fact, in general the stator body is annular and curved.
Les différents jeux d'insertion de l'encoche 103 sont illustrés sur la figure 8. Il s'agit des jeux d'insertion 1 13, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16 mesurés entre l'une des branches d'épingle 101 b ou 102a et les bords de l'encoche recouverts de l'isolant 104. The different sets of insertion of the notch 103 are illustrated in FIG. 8. These are the insertion sets 1 13, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16 measured between one of the pin branches 101b. or 102a and the edges of the notch covered with the insulator 104.
Plus précisément les jeux d'insertion 1 13 et 1 14 de l'emplacement bas 108 sont mesurés entre la branche d'épingle 101 b occupant l'emplacement bas 108 et le bord 105a recouvert de l'isolant 104, les jeux d'insertion 1 15 et 1 16 de l'emplacement haut 109 sont mesurés entre la branche d'épingle 102a occupant l'emplacement haut 109 et le bord 105a recouvert de l'isolant 104. More precisely, the insertion sets 1 13 and 1 14 of the bottom slot 108 are measured between the pin branch 101 b occupying the low slot 108 and the edge 105 a covered with the insulator 104, the insertion sets 1 15 and 1 16 of the top location 109 are measured between the pin branch 102a occupying the top location 109 and the edge 105a covered with the insulation 104.
Ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur la figure 8, on obtient la relation ci-dessous: As can be seen in Figure 8, we obtain the relation below:
1 16>1 15>1 14>1 13, c'est à dire que le jeu d'insertion 1 16 est supérieur au jeu d'insertion 1 15 qui est lui même supérieur au jeu d'insertion 1 14 qui est lui même supérieur au jeu d'insertion 1 13. Cela est dû notamment à la divergence du bord 105a par rapport au bord 105b lorsqu'on s'éloigne de l'entrefer 1 10 tandis que les emplacements et les branches d'épingles qu'ils reçoivent sont alignés. On obtient ainsi notamment que le jeu d'insertion des au moins un emplacement haut 109 de l'encoche soit supérieur au jeu d'insertion de l'emplacement bas 108 de l'encoche. 1 16> 1 15> 1 14> 1 13, that is to say that the insertion set 1 16 is greater than the insertion set 1 15 which is itself greater than the insertion set 1 14 which is itself This is due in particular to the divergence of the edge 105a with respect to the edge 105b when one moves away from the air gap 1 10 while the locations and the pinpricks that they receive. are aligned. In particular, the insertion set of the at least one high location 109 of the notch is greater than the set of insertion of the low location 108 of the notch.
Par exemple, on peut choisir que le jeu d'insertion d'un emplacement bas 108 est inférieur à 0.1 mm. C'est à dire 0.1 mm>1 13 et/ou 0.1 mm>1 14. For example, it can be chosen that the insertion set of a low location 108 is less than 0.1 mm. That is, 0.1 mm> 1 13 and / or 0.1 mm> 1 14.
Comme illustré sur la figure 8, on prévoit dans l'encoche 103 deux emplacements 108 et 109 pour recevoir deux branches d'épingle. On pourrait également prévoir quatre emplacements 108, 109, 109 et 109 comme illustré sur la figure 5 avec des bords d'encoche trapèze permettant une augmentation des jeux d'insertion lorsqu'on s'éloigne de l'entrefer 1 10. As illustrated in FIG. 8, slots 108 and 109 are provided in slot 103 for receiving two pin branches. Four slots 108, 109, 109 and 109 could also be provided as illustrated in FIG. 5 with trapezoidal notch edges allowing an increase in the insertion gaps as one moves away from the gap 1 10.
Les branches d'épingles 102a et 101 b présentent par exemple des côtés parallèles. Plus précisément, les branches d'épingle ont une section dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X dont les deux côtés d'orientation sensiblement radiale sont parallèles. On parle alors de branche d'épingles à côtés parallèles. The pin branches 102a and 101b have for example parallel sides. More specifically, the pin branches have a section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis whose two sides of substantially radial orientation are parallel. This is called a branch of pins with parallel sides.
Les figures 10 et 1 1 illustrent le positionnement des branches d'épingles dans les emplacements haut 109 et bas 108 de l'encoche 103 dans le cas d'un décalage et d'une inclinaison des branches d'épingles respectivement, ces décalages et inclinaisons étant sensiblement égaux à ceux illustrés dans les figures 6 et 7. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 10 et 1 1 , du fait notamment de largeur d'encoche au niveau de l'emplacement haut 109, avec les mêmes inclinaisons et décalages, on évite les collisions qui entraînent l'insertion problématique. C'est particulièrement avantageux car on obtient ce résultat sans réduire la quantité de flux remontée par la dent. En effet, pour une dent donnée si l'on considère sa largeur avec une direction sensiblement ortho radiale et sa longueur avec une direction radiale, la quantité de flux remonté dépend directement de la largeur minimale de la dent sur l'ensemble de sa longueur. Ainsi en augmentant sensiblement la largeur de l'encoche dans l'emplacement haut avec l'encoche trapèze, on conserve une largeur de l'encoche étroite dans l'emplacement bas, ce qui permet de ne pas diminuer la largeur minimale de la dent qui se situe au niveau de l'ouverture d'encoche selon l'état de la technique. FIGS. 10 and 11 show the positioning of the pin-branches in the top 109 and bottom 108 locations of the notch 103 in the case of an offset and inclination of the pin-branches respectively, these offsets and inclinations being substantially equal to those illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. As can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, in particular because of notch width at the top location 109, with the same inclinations and offsets, Collisions that lead to problematic insertion are avoided. This is particularly advantageous because we obtain this result without reducing the amount of flow back by the tooth. Indeed, for a given tooth if we consider its width with a substantially ortho radial direction and its length with a radial direction, the amount of flow back is directly dependent on the minimum width of the tooth over its entire length. Thus, by substantially increasing the width of the notch in the high position with the trapezoidal notch, a width of the narrow notch in the low position is kept, which makes it possible not to decrease the minimum width of the notch. the tooth which is located at the notch opening according to the state of the art.
Par ailleurs, avec un jeu d'insertion uniforme, il fallait avoir un jeu d'insertion suffisamment important pour permettre une insertion non problématique des branches d'épingles dans les emplacements hauts. Ce qui, étant donné les plus grandes difficultés pour l'emplacement haut que pour l'emplacement bas, impliquait un jeu d'insertion inutilement important pour l'emplacement bas. Au contraire, en prévoyant un jeu d'insertion non uniforme et notamment plus important pour l'emplacement haut on peut en contrepartie prévoir un jeu d'insertion moins important au niveau de l'emplacement bas et permettre une augmentation d'autant plus significative de la partie basse des dents. In addition, with a uniform insertion game, it was necessary to have an insertion game large enough to allow a non-problematic insertion of the pins in the high locations. Which, given the greatest difficulties for the top location as for the low location, involved an unnecessarily important insertion game for the low location. On the contrary, by providing a non-uniform insertion game and especially more important for the high location can in return provide a lower insertion game at the low location and allow an increase all the more significant of the lower part of the teeth.
La figure 12 illustre une encoche 103 munie des deux branches d'épingle selon un deuxième mode de réalisation dans lequel il est prévu que la branche d'épingle 101 b reçue dans l'emplacement bas 108 est matricée de sorte que sa section dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X présente une forme trapèze correspondant à la forme trapèze de l'encoche. On adapte ainsi la forme de la branche d'épingle 101 b reçue dans l'emplacement bas 108 à la forme trapèze de l'encoche. On entend par branche d'épingle trapèze, une branche d'épingle dont les deux côtés radiaux convergents en allant vers l'entrefer 1 10. FIG. 12 illustrates a notch 103 provided with the two pin branches according to a second embodiment in which it is envisaged that the pin branch 101b received in the bottom slot 108 is stamped so that its section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis has a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the trapezoidal shape of the notch. Thus, the shape of the pin branch 101b received in the bottom slot 108 is adapted to the trapezoidal shape of the notch. A trapezius pin branch is understood to mean a pin branch whose two converging radial sides towards the air gap 1 10.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Machine électrique tournante (100) comprenant: -un rotor (2) tournant autour d'un axe (X) 1. Rotating electrical machine (100) comprising: a rotor (2) rotating about an axis (X)
-un stator (50) entourant ledit rotor (2), l'espace entre le rotor (2) et le stator (50) définissant un entrefer (1 10) de la machine (100), le stator (50) comprenant des encoches (103), chacune des encoches comprend des emplacements (108, 109) pour recevoir des épingles, dans laquelle pour chaque encoche (103), lesdits emplacements (108, 109) sont alignés de sorte que seul un emplacement dit emplacement bas (108) est contigu de l'entrefer et au moins un autre emplacement dit haut (109) n'est pas contigu de l'entrefer, lesdits emplacements haut et bas (108, 109) recevant chacun une branche d'épingle avec un jeu d'insertion, caractérisé en ce que l'encoche (103) est de forme trapèze de sorte que le jeu d'insertion (1 15, 1 16) des au moins un emplacement haut (109) de l'encoche soit supérieur au jeu d'insertion (1 13, 1 14) de l'emplacement bas (108) de l'encoche. a stator (50) surrounding said rotor (2), the space between the rotor (2) and the stator (50) defining an air gap (1 10) of the machine (100), the stator (50) comprising notches (103), each of the notches includes slots (108, 109) for receiving pins, wherein for each notch (103) said locations (108, 109) are aligned such that only one said low location (108) is contiguous with the air gap and at least one other high location (109) is not contiguous with the air gap, said up and down locations (108, 109) each receiving a pin arm with an insertion set characterized in that the notch (103) is trapezoidal so that the insertion clearance (1 15, 1 16) of the at least one top location (109) of the notch is greater than the insertion set (1 13, 1 14) of the low slot (108) of the notch.
2. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication précédente caractérisée en ce que le stator (50) comprend des dents (106) définies entre deux encoches (103) adjacentes, lesdites dents étant à côtés parallèles. 2. Rotary electrical machine according to the preceding claim characterized in that the stator (50) comprises teeth (106) defined between two notches (103) adjacent, said teeth being parallel sides.
3. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le jeu d'insertion d'un emplacement bas (108) est inférieur à 0.1 mm. 3. Rotating electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insertion set of a low location (108) is less than 0.1 mm.
4. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le stator (50) comprend un isolant (104), ledit isolant (104) recouvrant des bords d'au moins une encoche (103). 4. rotary electric machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (50) comprises an insulator (104), said insulator (104) covering edges of at least one notch (103).
5. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'isolant (104) est un isolant en S. 5. rotary electrical machine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the insulator (104) is an insulator S.
6. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque encoche (103) comprend quatre emplacements (108, 109) pour recevoir quatre branches d'épingle (101 a, 102b). 6. Rotating electric machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each notch (103) comprises four locations (108, 109) for receiving four pin branches (101a, 102b).
7. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour chaque encoche (103), au moins une branche d'épingle présentant une section (101 a, 102b) dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X, ladite section comprend des côtés orientés sensiblement radialement qui sont parallèles. 7. Rotating electric machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for each notch (103), at least one pin branch having a section (101a, 102b) in a plane perpendicular to the axis X, said section comprises substantially radially oriented sides which are parallel.
8. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la branche d'épingle (101 a, 102b) reçue dans un emplacement bas (108) est matricée de sorte que sa section dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe X présente une forme trapèze correspondant à la forme trapèze de l'encoche (103). 8. rotating electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pin arm (101 a, 102b) received in a low location (108) is stamped so that its section in a plane perpendicular to the X axis has a trapezoidal shape corresponding to the trapezoidal shape of the notch (103).
9. Machine électrique tournante selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour chaque épingle (101 , 102) ayant une branche reçue dans un emplacement bas (108) d'une encoche (103), son autre branche est reçue dans un emplacement haut (109) d'une autre encoche (103). 9. rotating electrical machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for each pin (101, 102) having a branch received in a low location (108) of a notch (103), its other branch is received in a top location (109) of another notch (103).
PCT/FR2017/052133 2016-07-28 2017-07-28 Rotary electric machine provided with a stator having a hairpin winding WO2018020188A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1657303 2016-07-28
FR1657303A FR3054741B1 (en) 2016-07-28 2016-07-28 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE PROVIDED WITH A STATOR WITH A PIN SPOOL

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020101442A1 (en) 2020-01-22 2021-07-22 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Conductor with hairpin bend in a helix shape and stator with conductor and manufacturing process for conductors

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EP0515259A1 (en) 1991-05-21 1992-11-25 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Three-phase alternator for automobile type vehicles
US5359249A (en) * 1991-07-19 1994-10-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AC generator with tapered slots
FR2745445A1 (en) 1996-02-28 1997-08-29 Valeo Electronique VEHICLE ALTERNATOR USED AS A GENERATOR AND AN ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR STARTING THE VEHICLE'S INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2784248A1 (en) 1998-10-02 2000-04-07 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur VEHICLE ALTERNATOR WITH GAME RETRACTION ON INTERPOLAR MAGNETS
JP2002153029A (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-24 Denso Corp Reluctance motor
US20020175589A1 (en) 2001-05-28 2002-11-28 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Automotive alternator
EP1404002A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-31 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Alternator for vehicles
US20080307633A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Nidec Corporation Motor
JP2009077534A (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Denso Corp Stator for dynamo-electric machine and its manufacturing method
WO2015158986A2 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Electric machine stator without tooth roots and related method for manufacturing said stator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0515259A1 (en) 1991-05-21 1992-11-25 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Three-phase alternator for automobile type vehicles
US5359249A (en) * 1991-07-19 1994-10-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha AC generator with tapered slots
FR2745445A1 (en) 1996-02-28 1997-08-29 Valeo Electronique VEHICLE ALTERNATOR USED AS A GENERATOR AND AN ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR STARTING THE VEHICLE'S INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2784248A1 (en) 1998-10-02 2000-04-07 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur VEHICLE ALTERNATOR WITH GAME RETRACTION ON INTERPOLAR MAGNETS
JP2002153029A (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-24 Denso Corp Reluctance motor
US20020175589A1 (en) 2001-05-28 2002-11-28 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Automotive alternator
EP1404002A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-31 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Alternator for vehicles
US20080307633A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-18 Nidec Corporation Motor
JP2009077534A (en) * 2007-09-20 2009-04-09 Denso Corp Stator for dynamo-electric machine and its manufacturing method
WO2015158986A2 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Electric machine stator without tooth roots and related method for manufacturing said stator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020101442A1 (en) 2020-01-22 2021-07-22 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Conductor with hairpin bend in a helix shape and stator with conductor and manufacturing process for conductors

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FR3054741B1 (en) 2020-01-17

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