WO2018015987A1 - Fish tank system that adjusts temperature of culture water using natural energy as heat source - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a fish tank system that makes it possible to maintain and manage the temperature of culture water, without depending on conventional heat source equipment, by using natural geothermal heat and sunlight as the heat source. [Solution] In this fish tank system 10, a culture water tank 18 is placed in a building 14 having a function to inhibit heat transfer with the outside air. A heat insulation water path 20 for inhibiting heat transfer between a ground surface region inside the wall of the building and a ground surface region outside the wall is buried, from the ground surface to a depth of several tens of centimeters to several meters, under the building 14. Constant-temperature ground water is pumped up and allowed to flow through the heat insulation water path 20 to prevent the temperature of the ground region outside the building wall, which follows the ambient temperature, from being transmitted to the inside of the building. Water is circulated between a sunlight sterilization/heating device 12 and the culture water tank 18 to supply water sterilized and heated by sunlight to the culture water tank 18 and adjust the temperature of water in the culture water tank 18 to a temperature suitable for culturing fish.

Description

Live fish tank system that adjusts breeding water temperature using natural energy as a heat source

The present invention relates to a live fish tank system that adjusts a breeding water temperature suitable for rearing fishery products, particularly for year-round aquaculture, by utilizing natural energy.

Although the water temperature suitable for the breeding and aquaculture of seafood varies depending on the species, there are many water temperatures that are generally around 15 ° C to 25 ° C. In order to increase productivity by increasing the growth rate of seafood in the aquaculture industry, that is, to increase feed efficiency (weight gain per ingested feed), it is important to adjust the breeding water temperature (non- Patent Document 1). The methods for cultivating seafood are broadly divided into “sea surface culture” that depends on the temperature of the natural world and “land culture” that can adjust the temperature of the breeding water. Most of Japan's aquaculture production of about 900,000 tons (about 99.3%) is sea surface culture, and land culture is only 6000 tons (about 0.7%). Land farming, which can adjust the breeding water temperature, is advantageous for improving the productivity of seafood, but land farming has a large facility cost (initial cost) and a large amount of light and heat expenses (running cost) required to maintain the breeding water temperature. It has been avoided. On the other hand, sea surface aquaculture is considered to be superior to land-based aquaculture in terms of cost because fish is cultivated with nets (sacrifice) stretched in the sea, so it is considered to be superior to land culture in terms of cost. Has been spreading.

However, sea surface aquaculture is significantly affected by the season, weather, and disasters, and it is difficult to manage the growth of farmed fish.In recent years, sea pollution due to residual food and excrement at sea surface farms has become a social problem. There is a demand for a shift to terrestrial aquaculture by reducing the amount of water (see Non-Patent Document 2). There are two types of onshore aquaculture: the method of flowing the collected seawater into the tank (flowing method) and the method of circulating and filtering the seawater (closed circulation method). In terms of facility costs (initial cost), the flowing method is Although advantageous, the utility cost (running cost) for maintaining an appropriate temperature becomes high. On the other hand, in the closed circulation type, the utility cost (running cost) is relatively low, but the facility cost (initial cost) is higher. Therefore, unless the initial investment is abundant, closed circulation type aquaculture tends to be avoided. . As part of the on-shore aquaculture, trough puffer fish and flounder are being cultivated in a simple overflow-type aquaculture facility. Large-scale heat source equipment (coolers and heaters) is used to maintain the aquaculture water temperature throughout the year. (Refer to Patent Document 1), and the reduction of heat source equipment costs and utility costs is the biggest issue for the spread of land farming.

JP 2009-43 A

Conventional heat source equipment is not only expensive to install, but requires a lot of power to operate it, and regular maintenance inspections are also indispensable. This increases the running cost. In other words, if an inexpensive breeding water temperature maintenance system that does not depend on conventional heat source equipment can be constructed, the total cost of raising and cultivating seafood can be greatly reduced, and as a result, the price competitiveness of live fish can be improved. This makes it possible to realize a highly profitable aquaculture business.

This invention makes it a subject to implement | achieve the live fish tank system which adjusts breeding water temperature at low cost by using the energy which exists in nature as a heat source, without depending on the conventional heat source equipment.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a live fish tank system configured as follows.

The live fish tank system of the present invention is a building having heat insulation covering the side and upper side of the breeding water area,
It has a water channel provided in the position which interrupts heat conduction with the building wall inner surface part below the building, and the building wall outer surface part connected to the circumference.

The liquid supplied to the water channel acts as a heat medium, preventing the heat of the surface part depending on the ambient temperature around the building from being conducted to the building, and the surface temperature inside the building is induced by the temperature of the liquid flowing through the water channel. The Groundwater collected from the vicinity of the breeding water area as the liquid to be supplied to the waterway, especially from the subsurface thermostatic layer below 10m below the surface of the ground (always the ground temperature is almost equal to the annual average temperature of the land) By using water, the entire ground from the ground surface at the bottom of the building to the subsurface isothermal layer is induced to the subsurface isothermal temperature, and the room temperature in the insulated building that blocks heat conduction from the outside air is affected by the temperature and surface temperature. It is maintained at a constant subsurface temperature throughout the year.

Moreover, the live fish tank system of this invention can also be comprised so that it may sterilize and heat to the breeding water supplied to the said breeding water area using a sunlight sterilization heating apparatus. At this time, the breeding water circulating between the breeding water tank and the solar heat sterilizer may be adjusted by installing an adjustment tank.

Moreover, the live fish tank system of this invention is equipped with a solar sterilization heating apparatus, and the said solar sterilization heating apparatus is the 1st layer provided with translucency and heat insulation, the 3rd layer provided with heat insulation and water shielding, the said 1st. A second layer formed between the first layer and the third layer may be provided, and the rearing water may be sterilized and heated in the second layer.

Moreover, the live fish tank system of the present invention uses the rooftop of the building as the installation location of the solar sterilization heating device, so that the water in the solar sterilization heating device acts as a heat medium, and from the roof to the indoor by direct sunlight Heat conduction can be suppressed. Moreover, the site concerning installation of a solar sterilization heating apparatus becomes unnecessary.

In the live fish tank system of the present invention, the breeding water area includes a breeding tank, a heat exchange wall surrounding the breeding tank, and an outer wall surrounding the heat exchange wall, and the heat exchange wall and the outer wall It can also be configured as a live fish farming system characterized by supplying underground constant temperature water to a water channel formed therebetween. Thereby, since it becomes possible to promote direct heat exchange between the breeding water in the breeding aquarium and the underground constant temperature water, it becomes possible to quickly induce the temperature of the breeding water to the constant temperature layer temperature.

The aquarium system of the present invention is configured to utilize natural energy for water temperature management and water quality management, and adjust the breeding water temperature of live fish and UV sterilization of the breeding water by circulating the breeding water with the minimum necessary pump Has been. This eliminates the need for external devices such as coolers, heaters, and ozone sterilizers that have been frequently used in this type of water tank, and eliminates the need for electricity and maintenance costs required to operate these external devices. Therefore, by introducing this live fish tank system to animal husbandry, it is possible to significantly reduce the total cost of raising and aquaculture of fish and shellfish, and as a result, improve the price competitiveness of live fish and increase the profitability of land farming business. Can be realized.

Diagram showing the configuration of the live fish tank system The figure which shows the structure of the solar sterilization heating device The figure which shows the structure of the solar sterilization heating device The figure which shows the other structure of the live fish tank system provided with the heat exchange type tank The figure which shows the composition of the heat exchange type water tank

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Configuration of live fish tank system]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the aquarium system. The aquarium system 10 includes a solar sterilization heating device 12, a building 14, a rearing water amount adjusting tank 16, a rearing water tank 18, an insulated water channel 20, and pumps 22 and 24.

As shown in FIG. 2, the solar sterilization heating device 12 is a hollow sealed container in which a box frame 12a and a translucent panel 12b are joined. A lightweight and highly durable material such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is used for the box frame 12a. As FRP, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) is relatively inexpensive and easily available, but reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), high strength resin fiber Kepler, polyethylene, etc. You may comprise with raw materials, such as plastic (AFRP, KFRP, DFRP). It is also possible to use resin materials other than FRP, metal materials, wood, and the like.

The translucent panel 12b may be made of glass, or may be made of a translucent resin such as vinyl chloride in addition to glass, or may be multi-layer glass with improved heat insulation performance. The translucent panel 12b is joined to the upper inner side of the box frame 12a to form a hollow structure and is completely sealed.

The heat insulating panel 12c placed in the lower part of a completely sealed box is formed by molding a heat insulating material having a heat insulating effect such as hard urethane foam into a panel shape.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the solar sterilization heating device 12 includes a translucent panel 12 b, a sterilization heating space 30 formed by the translucent panel 12 b and the box frame 12 a and a heat insulating panel 12 c. The solar sterilization heating device 12 is provided with an inflow pipe 32 and an outflow pipe 34 serving as seawater passages at appropriate positions, and the seawater flowing from the inflow pipe 32 moves while staying in the sterilization heating space 30. Finally, it flows out from the outflow pipe 34. Since sunlight is poured into the sterilization heating space 30 through the translucent panel 12b, the seawater flowing into the sterilization heating space 30 is exposed to sunlight until it flows out, and sterilization and heating are performed during this time.

The building 14 is a building having a heat insulating property in which a floor surface is made of concrete and a wall and a ceiling are covered with a heat insulating board. The solar sterilization heating device 12 is installed on the top surface of the building 14. The solar sterilization heating device 12 may be installed as a single unit, or may be a split type in which what is divided into appropriate sizes is connected by piping or the like. Moreover, you may share the ceiling part of the building 14 with the heat insulation panel 12c of the solar sterilization heating apparatus 12. FIG.

The breeding water amount adjustment tank 16 is a water tank for adjusting the circulation amount of the breeding water between the solar light sterilization heating device 12 and the breeding water tank 18. The pump 2 circulates the breeding water such that the breeding water sterilized and heated by the solar sterilization heating device 12 is sent to the breeding water volume adjustment tank 16, further sent to the breeding water tank 18, and returned to the breeding water quantity adjustment tank 16. Do.

The heat insulating water channel 20 is a water channel that is provided below the building along the side wall of the building 14 and divides the inner region (the inner surface of the building wall) and the outer region (the outer surface of the building wall) of the building. It is buried to a depth of several tens of centimeters to several meters. A constant temperature underground water is pumped and discharged into the adiabatic water channel 20 by a pump 24. The underground constant temperature water flowing through the heat insulating water channel 20 can prevent the surface temperature dependent on the environmental temperature around the building from being conducted into the building. As a result, the interior of the building is maintained near the groundwater temperature, which is constant throughout the year, and the soil temperature below the building 5 m or deeper (which is almost equal to the annual average temperature of the land). The underground constant temperature water flowing through the insulated water channel 20 exchanges heat with the soil outside the building 14, so that the water temperature rises or falls, but is drained sequentially and new underground constant temperature water is added to the building. The heat transfer to can be continuously blocked.

[Other configurations of aquarium system]
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing another configuration of the water tank system. The aquarium system 50 has the same basic configuration as the aquarium system 10 described above. However, the aquarium system 50 differs from the aquarium system 10 in the configuration of the aquarium and the presence / absence of an insulated water channel.

First, the configuration of the water tank will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the heat exchange type water tank 52 includes an outer wall 60 having an annular shape, a heat exchange wall 62 serving as a partition wall with the breeding water area, and a bottom plate that forms a circular water channel. A region between the outer wall 60 and the heat exchange wall 62 forms an annular water channel (heat medium water region) 52b having a constant width. A cylinder 64 for adjusting the water flow may be provided at the center of the breeding aquarium. A region between the heat exchange wall 62 and the cylinder 64 forms a breeding water area 52a.

The constant temperature water is supplied to the heat medium water area 52b. The pump 66 pumps up the underground constant temperature water from the underground constant temperature layer, and supplies the underground constant temperature water to the heat medium water area 52 b through the water supply pipe 68. The underground constant temperature water supplied to the heat medium water area 52b is used as a refrigerant for inducing the temperature of the seawater in the breeding water area 52a inscribed with the partition wall 62 therebetween to the underground constant temperature layer temperature. A drain pipe 70 is connected to the outer wall 60, and the underground constant temperature water after heat exchange is drained from the heat medium water area 52b.

By forming a water flow in the direction opposite to the flow of the heat medium water region 52b in the breeding water region 52a, the heat exchange efficiency of the breeding water with the underground high-temperature water can be significantly increased.

The live fish aquarium system uses natural energy for water temperature management and water quality management and circulates the breeding water with the minimum necessary pump so that the breeding water temperature of live fish can be adjusted and the breeding water can be sterilized with UV light. It is configured. Therefore, external devices such as a cooler, a heater, and an ozone sterilizer that are indispensable for conventional live fish tanks are unnecessary, and a great amount of electricity required to operate these external devices is also unnecessary. Therefore, by introducing the aquarium system to live fish breeding on land, not only the initial cost but also the running cost can be greatly reduced, and the live fish can be provided at a low cost.

[About constant temperature underground water]
It is known that the temperature of the underground thermostatic water is about 1 to 2 ° C higher than the annual average temperature in each region (Kazuyoshi Sekiya, Bunta Iwaki, Yasuko Tominaga, Hiroshi Taneoka. 2005. Niigata City Coast Characteristics of the vertical constant temperature water temperature of Niigata Prefectural Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Volume 20: 101-104.) For example, in the case of Fukuoka, the annual average temperature is 17.1 ° C (see the 2001 Japan Meteorological Agency data), and the water temperature of the underground thermosphere is 18.3 ° C (Arihito Arita, Gensei Matsumoto, Ishibashi) Yoko, Yoshiki Baba, 2013. About the constant temperature of underground water in Fukuoka Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Annual Report No. 40: 133-134.). Therefore, the heat-exchangeable water tank can control the temperature of the seawater in the breeding water area to about 18 ° C. in the Kyushu region of Japan, for example, in the Kyushu region of Japan by using the constant temperature underground water as a refrigerant. A water temperature environment suitable for breeding can be created.

[About sterilization and heating by sunlight]
The heating performance and sterilization performance of the solar sterilization heating apparatus will be described. The heating and sterilization of seawater in the live fish tank system is based on the use of solar energy. The heating performance was considered based on the following data. However, the size of the live fish tank system was estimated based on a total floor area of 1000 square meters and a live fish tank of 350 cubic meters.
・ Annual average solar radiation in Nagasaki Prefecture: approx. 14 MJ / sqm ・ day = 3,345 kcal / sqm ・ day
・ Seawater heat capacity: 964 kcal / rice-rice / ° C (water is 1000 kcal / rice-rice · ° C)
・ Thermal energy conversion efficiency: 50% ・ Effective dimensions of the solar sterilization heating device: 20 m × 50 m = 1000 square meters ・ Raising water area capacity: The calorific value of the solar sterilization heating device calculated based on data of 350 m2 or more is 1 day 1,672,500 kcal. This is a calorific value sufficient to raise the seawater (350 m2) in the breeding aquarium by about 5 ° C. per day.

Next, sterilization performance will be described. The sterilization of seawater in the aquarium system 10 uses both ultraviolet sterilization and heat sterilization. Ultraviolet rays are generally classified into three types according to their wavelengths: UV-A (400 nm to 315 nm), UV-B (315 nm to 280 nm), and UV-C (280 nm to 100 nm). Ultraviolet light has a wavelength shorter than that of visible light (about 380 nm: purple to 780 nm: red) and cannot be directly visually recognized, but commercially available ultraviolet lamps are mixed with visible light that appears pale. Therefore, it can be visually confirmed at the time of lighting. Ultraviolet rays having a wavelength in the vicinity of 200 nm to 300 nm have a bactericidal effect, and the bactericidal effect is maximized at around 254 nm. Sunlight contains ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of about 300 nm, and since the irradiance in this wavelength region is large, sunlight has an excellent bactericidal effect.

The ultraviolet ray having a bactericidal effect is generally called a bactericidal line. The wavelength of a “low pressure mercury UV lamp” that artificially generates ultraviolet rays efficiently for the purpose of sterilization is 254 nm, and the ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 254 nm is the most. In the narrow sense, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm is called a sterilization line because it has a strong sterilization effect. The sterilizing power of the sterilizing line is expressed by the sterilizing dose, that is, the sterilizing line illuminance (W / square meter) × the irradiation time (second).

Sterilization with a germicidal line occurs by damaging the DNA information of viruses and bacteria. The effect is basically the same in water and air, but is greatly influenced by the presence or absence of a substance that shields the sterilization line existing in water and air, that is, the sterilization line transmittance. In the case of single glass for general residential windows, the transmittance of germicidal lines is reduced to less than half. The sterilization line transmittance of glass varies greatly depending on the material, etc., so the solar sterilization heating device is sterilized using “transparent glass” or “ultraviolet radiation transmitting glass” that easily transmits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 200 to 300 nm. Ensures high transmission of lines. The amount of ultraviolet rays necessary for ultraviolet sterilization is clarified according to the type of bacteria. For this reason, the number of irradiation seconds is determined based on the amount of ultraviolet rays, and rational ultraviolet sterilization is performed. The irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays (UV-B) in the Kyushu region is 7-30 kJ / square meter = 7,000-30,000 kJ / 1000 square meters per day, which is sufficient to sterilize 350 raised rice in breeding water. It is.

Next, heat sterilization will be described. Common bacteria are weak at high temperatures and can be sterilized by heating at 55 to 75 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes. Bacterial spores are resistant to heat, and high-temperature heating at 110 to 120 ° C. is required to sterilize spores, but mold and yeast spores are less heat resistant than bacterial spores. When sterilizing food. If the sterilization temperature is too high, the quality (color, taste, texture, etc.) will decrease, so it is desirable that the heating temperature is low and the time is short, and the sterilization temperature and sterilization time according to the state of the food and the type of microorganisms Be considered. Sterilization of food at a temperature of 60-70 ° C is called pasteurization, and targets foods that tend to change in flavor, color, and ingredients at high temperatures. For example, milk is heat-sterilized at 62-65 ° C for 30 minutes. It has been broken.

There are many Gram-negative bacteria in seawater, and Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, and Flexibacter are dominant. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium widely distributed in coastal seawater and mud around the world and is one of the most important causative agents of food poisoning occurring in Japan. Among them, the number of outbreaks and the number of patients are higher each year. In Japan, it grows in large quantities in seawater during the summer when the seawater temperature is 20 ° C or higher, and adheres to seafood. The number of viable bacteria attached to near-sea fish such as Asia is often less than 10,000 / 100 g, and this value may be exceeded in shellfish. Since food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is transmitted by the raw food of seafood, typical sashimi and seafood are examples of causative foods. Moreover, it is often due to secondary infection to other foods through cooking utensils.

The live fish aquarium system has a primary purpose of raising live fish, which is ultimately used for raw food. Therefore, it is necessary to create a breeding environment that does not cause food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. For this purpose, it is necessary to form an environment in which the seawater sterilization heating device 12 heats seawater at 55 to 75 ° C. for 30 minutes. Therefore, the seawater flowing into the sterilization heating space 30 of the solar sterilization heating device 12 stays for 30 minutes or more before it flows out, and it is necessary to heat it until the water temperature reaches 55 to 75 ° C. during that time. In order to satisfy these conditions, the sterilization heating space is configured to be as thin as possible so that light can be received in a wider area.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Live fish tank system 12 Solar sterilization heating apparatus 12a Box frame 12b Translucent panel 12c Heat insulation panel 14 Building 16 Breeding water amount adjustment tank 18 Breeding tank 20 Thermal insulation water channel 22 Pump 24 Pump 30 Sterilization heating space 50 Tank system 52 Heat exchange type water tank 52a Breeding water area 52b Heat medium water area 66 Pump

Claims (6)

1. A building with heat insulation covering the side and upper part of the breeding water area;
   Comprising a water channel provided at a position to block heat conduction between the surface portion below the building and the surface portion connected to the periphery thereof,
   Live fish tank system.
2. Supplying underground constant temperature water to the waterway,
   The live fish tank system according to claim 1.
3. It is characterized by comprising a solar sterilization heating device that sterilizes and heats the breeding water supplied to the breeding water area using sunlight.
   The live fish tank system according to claim 1 or 2.
4. The solar sterilization heating device includes a first layer having translucency and heat insulation, a third layer having heat insulation, and a sealed waterproof gap formed between the first layer and the third layer. Comprising a second layer, characterized in that the breeding water is sterilized and heated in the second layer,
   The live fish tank system according to claim 3.
5. The solar sterilization heating device is laid on the roof of the building,
   The live fish tank system according to claim 3 or 4.
6. The breeding water area includes a breeding water tank, a heat exchange wall surrounding the breeding water tank, and an outer wall surrounding the heat exchange wall,
   Supplying underground constant temperature water to a water channel formed between the heat exchange wall and the outer wall,
   The live fish tank system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images