WO2018015846A1 - Mechanism for securing, removing and installing vehicle tyres - Google Patents

Mechanism for securing, removing and installing vehicle tyres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015846A1
WO2018015846A1 PCT/IB2017/054227 IB2017054227W WO2018015846A1 WO 2018015846 A1 WO2018015846 A1 WO 2018015846A1 IB 2017054227 W IB2017054227 W IB 2017054227W WO 2018015846 A1 WO2018015846 A1 WO 2018015846A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
vehicle
linear actuators
support body
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/054227
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fernán CASTILLO MENESES
Gilberto GONZALEZ GARCIA
Hederzon José PABA OSPINO
Original Assignee
Institucion Universitaria Itsa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institucion Universitaria Itsa filed Critical Institucion Universitaria Itsa
Publication of WO2018015846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018015846A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B29/00—Apparatus or tools for mounting or dismounting wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B30/00—Means for holding wheels or parts thereof
    • B60B30/06—Means for holding wheels or parts thereof engaging the wheel body, e.g. the rim

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mechanisms and apparatus for the attachment, disassembly and / or assembly of vehicle tires, particularly with mechanisms for disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires with hydraulic, pneumatic and electromechanical drive.
  • Patent document US2016 / 0068016 Al discloses a motorized wheel with suspension.
  • the wheel comprises a hub connected to a power axle, such as an axle of the wheels of a vehicle. It also includes a ring and a suspension with at least one structural element that can change its size and / or shape (e.g. pneumatic dampers, spring dampers).
  • the suspension connects the ring with the hub.
  • the wheel comprises three structural elements arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the wheel.
  • At least one structural element includes a retaining component that maintains the shape of the structural element and prevents movement of the wheel when the wheel is subjected to torques below the nominal torque of the torque source.
  • the hub is connected to a power shaft, such as an axle of the tires of a vehicle.
  • workshop tools such as fixed-mouth wrenches, or ratchet-type wrenches are required to remove the structural elements from the wheel.
  • the present invention corresponds to a mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires
  • a support body with three equally spaced apart housings.
  • the support body is assembled in a vehicle horn by fixing means.
  • the mechanism includes three linear actuators, each linear actuator is operationally arranged in one of the housings of the support body.
  • it comprises a ring with three equiangularly separated supports.
  • a tire is arranged on the outer face of the ring.
  • the ring is operatively assembled with linear actuators.
  • the vehicle tire clamping, disassembly and assembly mechanism has a power unit operatively connected to the linear actuators.
  • the power unit can be hydraulic drive, electromechanical drive or pneumatic drive.
  • the linear actuators are single acting. Therefore, the mechanism allows the wheels to be fastened to vehicle horns and, in addition, to assemble and disassemble the tires with a single command, for example, with the press of a button.
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to an exploded view of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires having a hydraulic drive power unit.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to a front view of a first section of a support body connected to three linear actuators of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 3 corresponds to a front view and a sectional view of an assembly containing a fixed element, a movable element and a bearing of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to a sectional side view of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 5 corresponds to an electro-hydraulic control diagram of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 6 corresponds to a sectional view of a linear electro-mechanical actuator.
  • FIG. 7 corresponds to an exploded view of an electric power unit of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 8 corresponds to an electrical diagram of control and power of a modality of the mechanism of attachment, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
  • FIG. 9 corresponds to a detailed view of a modality of an axial ejection mechanism connected between the ring and the support body of a modality of the mechanism for securing, disassembling and assembling vehicle tires.
  • the present invention corresponds to a mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires (hereinafter, mechanism).
  • mechanism a mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires
  • each linear actuator (4) is operationally arranged in one of the housings (2) of the support body (1); a ring (5) with at least three brackets (6) separated equally, the ring (5) is operatively assembled with the linear actuators (4), by means of the brackets (6); Y,
  • fluid is a substance that flows through ducts, conduits and / or cables from a power source to an actuator and / or a sump.
  • fluids are pneumatic fluids (e.g. air, C02, N2), hydraulic fluids (e.g. mineral and synthetic oils, water, ethylene glycol), and electric fluid.
  • electric fluid will be understood as the flow of electrons between two points connected by a medium, preferably the medium is solid.
  • the support body (1) has four housings (2). Also, the mechanism has four linear actuators (4) operationally connected to the housings (2). In addition, the ring (5) has four supports (6) equiangularly separated, the ring (5) is operatively assembled with the linear actuators (4).
  • the support body (1) is modular and is formed of a first section (7) and a second section (8) connected to the first section (7). Additionally, each accommodation (2) is divided into two halves, one half located in the first section (7) and the other half located in the second section (8).
  • the modular configuration of the first section (7) and the second section (8) facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the linear actuators (4).
  • the second section (8) has a cylindrical section (53) on which each of the halves of the three housings (2) is located. Additionally, the second section (8) has guide holes (52) the which allow positioning and adjusting the fixing means (27) (illustrated in FIG. 1) to the horn (3).
  • the first section (7) also has a cylindrical section (53) on which each of the other halves of the three housings (2) is located.
  • the fixing means (27) can be screws, bolts, pins, rivets.
  • the fixing means (27) are screws that pass through the first section (7), the second section (8), and are connected to the horn (3).
  • the second section (8) of the support body (1) has a perforation (31) located in its centroid.
  • the perforation (31) three housings (2) are arranged equiangularly, that is, the housings (2) are separated from each other 120 °.
  • the stops (29) On the distal end of the housings (2) there are stops (29) that prevent the linear actuators (4) from leaving the housings (2).
  • the rods (10) of each linear actuator (4) extend out of the stops (29).
  • the stops (29) are a reduction in the internal diameter of the housings (2) at their distal ends.
  • the stops (29) are threaded tubes on their outer surface.
  • the housings (2) have a female thread at their distal end.
  • the stops (29) are screwed into the female thread of the housings (2).
  • the equiangular distribution of the housings (2) allows the linear actuators (4) to move their stems (10) radially with respect to the cylindrical section (53) in a homogeneous manner. Therefore, when the rods (10) are connected to the supports (6) of the ring (5), each linear actuator (4) has the same force as the other linear actuators (4). This prevents the ring (5) from being offset from the horn (3). Referring to FIG.
  • the first section (7) of the support body (1) has protrusions (30) arranged radially and equidistant from the centroid of the first section (7).
  • the protuberances (30) extend axially outward from the first section (8).
  • the first section (7) has three tubular protuberances (30).
  • the first section (7) has a plurality of protuberances (30) and the second section (8) has an equal amount of guide holes (52).
  • the first section (7) has three equiangularly separated protuberances (30), and the second section (8) has three guide holes (52), also, arranged equiangularly.
  • the protuberances (30) and the guide holes (52) serve to align the fixing means (27) that cross the first section (7) and the second section (8).
  • horn (3) is an element with an internal surface connected to an axle of a vehicle, and a front face extending radially with respect to the vehicle axle.
  • threaded holes are arranged on the front face.
  • a synonym for horn (3) is cube (hub, in English).
  • the horn (3) is formed of a plate (36), and a cylinder (35) located in the center of the plate (36).
  • the cylinder (35) has radial holes (19), preferably, equiangularly separated.
  • the radial holes (19) communicate the back of the horn (3) with its front face.
  • the horn (3) has threaded holes (33) located on its front face.
  • the fixing means (27) are screwed into the threaded holes (33) to fix the support body (1) to the horn (3).
  • the horn (3) has a central guide (32) located in the center of the front face of the cylinder (35).
  • the central guide (32) inserts the perforation (31) of the second section (8).
  • the Guide center (32) and the perforation (31) allow to center the second section (8) with respect to the horn (3), which guarantees the alignment between the horn (3), the support body (1) and the ring (5) .
  • the ring (5) is a ring for vehicle tires.
  • the ring (5) has supports (6) arranged equiangularly on its inner face.
  • the supports (6) are conical holes.
  • the ring (5) has radial guides (12) that extend radially from the inner face of the ring (5) towards its centroid.
  • a rim (28) is arranged on the outer face of the ring (5).
  • each of the radial guides (12) is composed of two brackets (47) arranged in mirror symmetry.
  • Each cartouche (47) has a flat surface with an inner face and an outer face. The flat surface extends radially with respect to the ring (5).
  • each bracket (47) includes a friend's foot that extends from the inner face of the ring (5) to the outer face of each flat surface. Between the inner faces of the cartels (47) is located a support (6) of the ring (5).
  • the radial guides (12) position the linear actuators (4) so that the stems (10) of each linear actuator (4) are aligned radially with the hoops (6) of the ring (5) to facilitate the connection between the distal end of the stems (10) and the supports (6).
  • the power unit (13) is a hydraulic power unit.
  • the power unit (13) consists of:
  • connection ports (17) to through which a hydraulic fluid flows, each connection port (17) is connected to a linear actuator (4); Y,
  • hydraulic watch (80) is an assembly of a fixed body (15), a movable body (16) and a bearing (18).
  • the hydraulic watch (80) allows hydraulic fluid to be distributed from the power unit (13) to the linear actuators (4).
  • FIG. 3 a hydraulic watch (80) is illustrated.
  • the fixed body (15) is connected by a rigid pipe to a hydraulic power unit (14).
  • the rigid pipe has two ends, at each end it has a fitting. One fitting is connected to the hydraulic power unit (14), the other fitting is connected to the fixed body (15).
  • the fixed body (15) is connected by a structure formed by square profiles to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the structure has a flange that connects with screws to the fixed body (15).
  • the structure can be attached to the vehicle chassis by means of screws and flanges, welded joints, threaded joints and combinations of the above.
  • the fixed body (15) includes an axial fitting (39) that communicates with the hydraulic power unit (14) through a duct, which can be a rigid pipe, or a flexible hose.
  • the movable body (16) is housed inside the horn (3) and is connected to the axle (45) of the vehicle's tires.
  • the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) can be an AC hydraulic power unit, a DC hydraulic power unit, a hydraulic circuit that includes elements such as pumps, tanks, distribution valves, safety valves, pipes , connections, and combinations of the above.
  • the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) is a DC hydraulic power unit that operates at 12V.
  • hydraulic power unit is a device that includes elements such as pumps, oil tanks, safety valves, pressure switches, distribution valves, pipes, flow indicators, level, temperature, pressure, and / or combinations of the above, arranged in the same structure.
  • the hydraulic power unit delivers and distributes a hydraulic fluid, preferably hydraulic oil.
  • the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) is a DC hydraulic power unit that operates at 12VDC and consumes between 5Amp and 10mp.
  • the DC hydraulic power unit delivers a flow in a range of 0.16 to 0.33Lpm, at an operating pressure in a range of 827.3KPa (lOOPSI) to 62015.3KPa (900PSI).
  • the DC hydraulic power unit can be connected to the battery (54) or to the alternator of a vehicle.
  • the bearing (18) is selected from the group comprising ball bearings, roller bearings, axial load bearings, needle bearings, bushings, and combinations thereof.
  • the bearing (18) is a ball bearing.
  • the fixed body (15) consists of two parts.
  • a first part has a cylindrical space (48) where the outer race of the bearing (18) is located, a second section in which a first channel (41) is located.
  • the first channel (41) is responsible for carrying the hydraulic fluid from an axial fitting (39) located on the rear face of the fixed body (15) to a second channel (42) located on the mobile body (16).
  • the axial fitting (39) is connected through a pipe to the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14).
  • the mobile body (16) consists of two sections.
  • Radial fittings (40) are installed in the connection ports (17). Preferably, they connect three radial fittings (40) around the upper cylindrical section (51) in an equiangular manner.
  • the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
  • the radial fittings (40) are connected to the linear cylinders (4) through pipes (49) in order to allow the passage of hydraulic fluid from the second channel (42) to the linear actuator (4).
  • the linear actuators (4) are retracted. With the retraction of the linear actuators (4) the conical heads (1 1) are removed from the supports (6) of the ring (5). Then the ring (5) is removed in axial direction with respect to the support body (1).
  • the power unit (13) is activated and the linear actuators (4) are retracted. Then the ring (5) is moved in axial direction with respect to the support body (1), aligning the linear actuators (4) with the radial guides (12). Subsequently, the supports (6) of the ring (5) are positioned in front of each conical head (1 1) of the linear actuators (4). Then, the power unit (13) is deactivated, which causes the linear actuators (4) to lose their force, either electric or hydraulic, and the springs (9) of each linear actuator (4) push the rod ( 10) in the radial direction towards the outside of the support body (1), inserting the conical heads (1 1) into the hoop supports (5). Referring to FIG.
  • the power unit (13) is made up of a hydraulic pressurization unit (14) connected to four hydraulic beams (80), each hydraulic beams (80) are connected to three linear actuators (4 ). Between the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) and each hydraulic guard (80) a first solenoid valve (72) is located, which is a distribution valve.
  • the power unit (13) has a safety mechanism connected to each linear actuator (4), to a safety switch (56) connected to the handbrake of a vehicle, to the power switch. ignition (55) and a battery (54) of a vehicle.
  • the security mechanism is made up of:
  • control device (58) with inputs and outputs;
  • control device (57) preferably the control device (57) has six inputs and four outputs, the outputs are connected in parallel to inputs of the control device (58);
  • control device (57) is remote operated, and has a remote control (67), preferably with four buttons. Each button is connected to an input of the control device (57).
  • Communication between the control device (57) and the remote control (67) can be via cables, bluetooth connection, infrared, radio, GSM / GPRS, and combinations of the above.
  • a switch is a device or mechanism that electrically switches two points of an electrical circuit, which is activated by an external source.
  • a switch can be, a limit switch, a capacitive sensor, an inductive sensor, an optical sensor, among others.
  • control device (58) is a programmable device suitable for the work that may be, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an arduino, a raspberry-pi, or a LOGO.
  • control device (58) can be formed from wired logic elements, such as contactors, relays, switches, timers, sensors, switches and sensors with normally open contacts (NA) or normally closed contacts (NC), among others.
  • control device (58) executes a method comprising the following steps:
  • control device (57) receiving a signal from the control device (57), the control device (57) emits the signal by pressing one of the buttons of the remote control (67);
  • the activated coil is related to the button pressed by the user on the remote control (67), since each button allows activating one of the four coils.
  • the ignition switch (55) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all coils.
  • the safety switch (56) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all coils.
  • the first coil (68) belongs to a first solenoid valve (72), the second coil (69) belongs to a second solenoid valve (73), the third coil (70) belongs to a third solenoid valve (74) and the fourth coil (71) belongs to a fourth solenoid valve (75).
  • the solenoid valves are part of a power unit (13).
  • the linear actuators (4) are pneumatic actuators.
  • the power unit (13) is a pneumatic power unit.
  • the pneumatic power unit comprises a work-fit compressor, which can be a VMAC-class compressor (VMAC) for Vehicle Mounted Air Compressor.
  • VMAC class compressors are those that usually have vehicles that operate with diesel fuel, such as trucks, tractor-trucks, vans, buses, among others.
  • the compressor can be a direct current driven compressor.
  • first solenoid valve (72), the second solenoid valve (73), the third solenoid valve (74) and the fourth solenoid valve (75), are pneumatic solenoid valves.
  • the solenoid valves share the same compressor.
  • the linear actuators (4) are electromechanical drive cylinders.
  • Each linear actuator (4) has a jacket (47) with a cover (78), a rod (10) and a solenoid (46) arranged concentrically between the rod (10) and the sleeve (47).
  • each rod (10) has a conical head (11) connected at its distal end.
  • each linear actuator (4) has a fin (79) located at the distal end of the rod (10) adjacent to the conical head (11).
  • a spring (9) is arranged between the fin (79) and the cover (78).
  • the rod (10) is made of a ferromagnetic material, which can be carbon steel, preferably AISI 1010, AISI 1020, or a low alloy carbon steel with a carbon content of less than 0.2%.
  • the ferromagnetic material is affected by a magnetic field generated by the solenoid (46) when activated. The magnetic field produces a magnetic force that strikes the rod (10) and allows it to move axially.
  • the power unit (13) is electromechanically operated, the power unit (13) consists of: an electric power source (22); Y
  • a fixed body connected to the vehicle by a structural element, which may be a pipe, a square profile, a C profile, or a rod; the fixed body (15) has positive brushes (20) and negative brushes (21) connected to the power source (22); and - a mobile body (16) with:
  • a first ring (24) arranged concentrically adjacent to the insulating base (23), and operationally connected with one of the brushes of the fixed body (15);
  • electric watch (81) is an assembly of a fixed body (15), a movable body (16) and a bearing (18).
  • the electric watch (81) allows to distribute electric fluid from the power unit (13) to the linear actuators (4).
  • the fixed body (15) is connected by a rigid pipe to the vehicle chassis.
  • the rigid pipe has flanges at its ends, one flange is connected to the fixed body (15) with screws, and the other flange is connected to the vehicle chassis, likewise, with screws.
  • the fixed body (15) is connected by a structure formed by square profiles to the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the structure has a flange that connects with screws to the fixed body (15).
  • the structure can be attached to the vehicle chassis by means of screws and flanges, welded joints, threaded joints and combinations of the above.
  • the movable body (16) is housed inside the horn (3) and is connected to the axle (45) of the vehicle's tires.
  • the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
  • the insulating base (23) allows electrically isolating the fixed body (15) from the mobile body (16).
  • the insulating base (23) is of an insulating material suitable for the work, which can be, plastic, elastomer, or ceramic.
  • the insulating base (23) is of a plastic material. Even more preferably, the plastic material is a polyamide.
  • the insulating ring (25) is made of an insulating material suitable for work, which can be plastic, elastomer, or ceramic.
  • the insulating ring (25) is of a plastic material. Even more preferably, the plastic material is a polyamide.
  • the first ring (24) and the second ring (26) conduct electricity from one of the brushes, either the negative brush (21) or the positive brush (20) to connection terminals (43).
  • the connection terminals (43) are located axially with respect to each ring.
  • the insulating ring (25) separates the first ring (24) from the second ring (26), preventing them from short-circuiting.
  • the first ring (24) and the second ring (26) are electrically charged with opposite polarities when the electrical power source (22) is activated.
  • the connection terminals (43) are connected by wires to the solenoids (46) of the linear actuators (4).
  • the power unit (13) is made up of an electric power source (22), which is preferably a 12VDC battery (54), connected to four electric beams (81), each lookout Electric (81) connects to three solenoids (46).
  • an electric power source 22
  • which is preferably a 12VDC battery (54)
  • each lookout Electric 81 connects to three solenoids (46).
  • the power unit (13) has a safety mechanism connected to each solenoid (46); to the handbrake of a vehicle; to the vehicle ignition system and a vehicle battery (54).
  • the safety mechanism consists of: an ignition switch (55) connected to the vehicle ignition system and the safety switch (56) connected to the vehicle handbrake, both switches are connected in parallel to inputs of the control device (58); a first contactor (59) associated with a first contact (63), a second contactor (60) associated with a second contact (64), a third contactor (61) associated with a third contact (65), and a fourth contactor ( 62) associated with a fourth contact (66), the contactors are connected in parallel to outputs of the control device (58), each contact is connected to a solenoid (46);
  • the battery (54) connected to the first contactor (59), the second contactor (60), the third contactor (61), the fourth contactor (62), the ignition switch (55), the safety switch (56), to each solenoid (46) and to the control device (57).
  • control device (68) executes a method comprising the following steps:
  • control device (57) receiving a signal from the control device (57), the control device (57) emits the signal by pressing one of the buttons of the remote control (67);
  • the ignition switch (55) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all contactors.
  • the safety switch (56) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all contactors.
  • the mechanism includes an axial ejection mechanism connected between the ring (5) and the support body (1).
  • the axial ejection mechanism is comprised of:
  • the stage (76) is circular and has radii that extend radially with respect to the ring (5). The spokes connect to the front edge of the ring (5).
  • the stage (76) has a guide ring (82) disposed at its centroid.
  • the guide ring (82) extends axially with respect to the ring (5).
  • an anchor ring (84) is arranged, which extends axially with respect to the centroid the support body (1).
  • the ejection spring (77) has two longitudinal ends, one longitudinal end is connected to the guide ring (82) and the other longitudinal end is connected to the anchor ring (84).
  • the axial ejection mechanism allows the ring (5) to be pushed axially out of the support body (1), in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the ring (5).
  • the rods (10) of the linear actuators (4) retract and remove the conical heads (11) from the hoops (6) of the ring (5)
  • the ejection spring (77) generates an axial thrust force that impacts over the hoop (5). This facilitates the disassembly of a tire that has a ring (5), since the axial ejection mechanism pushes the tire towards the hands of a user who wants to disassemble the tire.
  • the axial ejection mechanism comprises:
  • each guide ring (82) located on the foot of each card (47) of the radial guides (12) belonging to the ring (5);
  • each rigid fin (83) is located laterally adjacent to the distal end of the housings (2) of the support body (1), in addition, each rigid fin (83) has an anchor ring (84) ; Y
  • each ejection spring (77) has two longitudinal ends, one longitudinal end is connected to a guide ring (82) and the other longitudinal end is connected to the anchor ring (84).
  • two rigid fins (83) are arranged at the distal end of one of the housings (2).
  • the rigid fins (83) coincide with the rear face of the second section (8) of the support body (1).
  • an anchor ring (84) is arranged connected to an ejection spring (77).
  • the ejection spring (77) is connected to a guide ring (82).
  • the guide ring (82) is located on the back side of the friend's foot of a cartouche (47).
  • the guide ring (82) extends axially with respect to the ring (5).
  • the ejection springs (77) are connected to the anchor rings (84) with a rigid joint, which may be conventional welding (welding methods accepted by the American Welding Society), or chemical welding (epoxy adhesives, acrylics).
  • each rigid fin (83) has a threaded bore that is concentrically located with the anchor ring (84).
  • each ejection spring (77) is concentrically arranged in the anchor ring (84) and secured with a bolt that includes a washer of larger diameter than the ejection spring (77).
  • a tire mounting, clamping and disassembly mechanism was designed and manufactured for a sedan type vehicle.
  • the support body (1) consists of a first section (7), and a second section (8) connected to the first section (7) with three M12xl screws, 75.
  • the first section (7) and the second section (8) of the support body (1) have three housings (2) of rectangular cross-section.
  • the first section (7) and the second section (8) of the support body (1) have the following characteristics: Support body material (1): Aluminum
  • the housings (2) separate 120 ° from each other.
  • the housings (2) have a stop (29) located at its distal end.
  • the stop (29) has an inside diameter of 24mm.
  • the cylindrical section (53) has the following dimensions:
  • the first section (7) of the support body (1) has a cylindrical bore (31) located in its centroid, which conforms to the central guide (32) of the horn (3).
  • the cylindrical bore (31) has a diameter of 57mm.
  • the first section (7) has three guide holes (52) equiangularly separated. at 120 °
  • the guide holes (52) are through and are 30mm in diameter.
  • the second section (8) has three tubular protuberances (30) equiangularly separated.
  • the protuberances (30) are cylinders of 30mm external diameter, 12mm internal diameter, and 42mm long. In addition, they are located 50mm from the centroid of the second section (8).
  • the linear actuators (4) are single acting hydraulic cylinders that have the following characteristics:
  • inner diameter of the shirt (37) 32mm Inner diameter of shirt seal cap (37): 23.7mm external spring diameter (9): 28mm
  • Each linear actuator (4) has a conical head (11) with a threaded shaft (34) that connects to the rod (10) of the linear actuator (4) and has the following dimensions:
  • the ring (5) has three radial guides (12) equiangularly separated, which support the support body (1).
  • the three supports (6) are three conical holes that are evenly separated on the inner face of the ring (5).
  • the three supports (6) house the conical heads (11) that are connected to the rod (10) of the linear actuator (4).
  • the three supports (6) have the following dimensions:
  • the ring (5) has the following characteristics:
  • ring width (5) 160mm width of radial guides (12): 50mm
  • Each guide (12) is held statically, on each side, by two side tables (47).
  • the side tables (47) have the following dimensions:
  • the horn (3) is a bucket of a sedan type vehicle and has the following characteristics: horn material: Carbon steel
  • the horn (3) has three radial holes (19) arranged equiangularly.
  • the three radial holes (19) are square and have 50mm sides.
  • the horn (3) has a central guide (32) that engages with the perforation (31) of the second section (8).
  • the central guide (32) has the following dimensions: external diameter of the central guide (32): 57mm
  • the horn (3) has on its front face three threaded holes (33) arranged equiangularly around the central guide (32).
  • the three threaded holes (33) have the following characteristics:
  • the hydraulic pressurization unit (14) has the following characteristics:
  • the fixed body (15) has the following dimensions:
  • the movable body (16) is composed of two staggered cylindrical sections, in which the upper cylindrical section (51) allows connecting the radial distribution fittings (40) with the linear actuators (4) through the pipes (49) and the lower cylindrical section (50) supports and fixes the bearing internally (18); and, in turn, contains the second channel (42).
  • the mobile body (16) has the following dimensions:
  • the safety mechanism consists of:
  • NA normally open contact
  • control device (57) with a 433mHz frequency, which operates with 12V
  • control device (58) which is an integrated circuit PLC, with 6 inputs and at least 4 outputs, which operates at 12VDC;
  • each solenoid valve is a monostable 3/2 valve with spring return with an operating pressure between Obar and 2.5bar.
  • each coil of each solenoid valve operates at 12VDC.
  • the axial ejection mechanism has:
  • each guide ring (82) had an internal diameter of 10mm, a thickness of 3mm, and a length of 5mm;
  • each rigid fin is a square plate of 6.35mm 0.25plg carbon steel, 19mm thick, each rigid fin (83) is welded to the distal end of a housing (2), on the second section (8) of the support body (1);
  • each anchor ring (84) had an internal diameter of 10mm, a thickness of 3mm, and a length of 5mm;
  • each threaded joint consisting of an M6x0.75 screw, a washer with an internal diameter of 7mm and an external diameter of 10mm, and a threaded bore located on each rigid fin (83).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanism for securing, removing and installing vehicle tyres, comprising a support body having three equiangularly separated accommodating means, wherein the support body is assembled in a hub flange of a vehicle by means of fastening means. Also included are three linear actuators, with each linear actuator being disposed for operation in one of the accommodating means of the support body. In addition, the mechanism comprises a rim with three equiangularly separated supports. Furthermore, the rim is assembled for operation with the linear actuators. The mechanism for securing, removing and installing vehicle tyres has a power unit connected for operation with the linear actuators. The power unit can be hydraulic or electromechanically driven. Preferably, the linear actuators are single-acting. In this way, the mechanism permits the securing of wheels to hub flanges of vehicles, as well as the installing and removal of tyres with a single command, for example with the press of a button.

Description

MECANISMO DE SUJECIÓN, DESMONTAJE Y MONTAJE DE LLANTAS DE  MECHANISM FOR CLAMPING, DISASSEMBLY AND MOUNTING OF RIMS
VEHÍCULO  VEHICLE
Campo de la invención  Field of the Invention
El presente invento se relaciona con mecanismos y aparatos para la sujeción, desmontaje y/o montaje de llantas de vehículos, particularmente, con mecanismos para desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo con accionamiento hidráulico, neumático y electromecánico. The present invention relates to mechanisms and apparatus for the attachment, disassembly and / or assembly of vehicle tires, particularly with mechanisms for disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires with hydraulic, pneumatic and electromechanical drive.
Descripción del estado de la técnica Description of the state of the art
El estado de la técnica divulga mecanismos de sujeción de llantas de vehículos. En el documento de patente US2016/0068016 Al se divulga una rueda motorizada con suspensión. La rueda comprende un cubo conectado a un eje de potencia, como por ejemplo un eje de las ruedas de un vehículo. También incluye un aro y una suspensión con al menos un elemento estructural que puede cambiar su tamaño y/o forma (v.g. amortiguadores neumáticos, amortiguadores de resortes). La suspensión conecta el aro con el cubo. En una modalidad de la invención, la rueda comprende tres elementos estructurales dispuestos de manera rotacionalmente simétrica entre sí, respecto al eje de rotación de la rueda. Al menos un elemento estructural incluye un componente de retención que mantiene la forma del elemento estructural e impide el movimiento de la rueda cuando la rueda se somete a torques inferiores al torque nominal de la fuente de torque. En una modalidad de la invención, el cubo se conecta a un eje de potencia, como por ejemplo un eje de las llantas de un vehículo. Sin embargo, para desensamblar los elementos estructurales se requiere de herramientas de taller, tales como llaves tipo boca fija, o llaves tipo ratchet para retirar los elementos estructurales de la rueda. The state of the art discloses mechanisms for fastening vehicle tires. Patent document US2016 / 0068016 Al discloses a motorized wheel with suspension. The wheel comprises a hub connected to a power axle, such as an axle of the wheels of a vehicle. It also includes a ring and a suspension with at least one structural element that can change its size and / or shape (e.g. pneumatic dampers, spring dampers). The suspension connects the ring with the hub. In one embodiment of the invention, the wheel comprises three structural elements arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the wheel. At least one structural element includes a retaining component that maintains the shape of the structural element and prevents movement of the wheel when the wheel is subjected to torques below the nominal torque of the torque source. In one embodiment of the invention, the hub is connected to a power shaft, such as an axle of the tires of a vehicle. However, to disassemble the structural elements, workshop tools, such as fixed-mouth wrenches, or ratchet-type wrenches are required to remove the structural elements from the wheel.
Por lo tanto, el estado de la técnica no divulga mecanismos automatizados para la sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículos. Breve descripción de la invención Therefore, the state of the art does not disclose automated mechanisms for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires. Brief Description of the Invention
El presente invento corresponde a un mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo que comprende un cuerpo de soporte con tres alojamientos separados equiángulamente. El cuerpo de soporte se ensambla en un bocín de un vehículo mediante medios de fijación. También, el mecanismo incluye tres actuadores lineales, cada actuador lineal se dispone operacionalmente en uno de los alojamientos del cuerpo de soporte. Además, comprende un aro con tres soportes separados equiangularmente. Preferiblemente, sobre la cara externa del aro se dispone una llanta. Por otra parte, el aro se ensambla operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales. También, el mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo tiene una unidad de potencia conectada operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales. La unidad de potencia puede ser de accionamiento hidráulico, accionamiento electromecánico o de accionamiento neumático. Preferiblemente, los actuadores lineales son de simple efecto. Por lo tanto, el mecanismo permite sujetar ruedas a bocines de vehículos y, además, montar y desmontar las llantas con un solo comando, por ejemplo, con la pulsación de un botón. The present invention corresponds to a mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires comprising a support body with three equally spaced apart housings. The support body is assembled in a vehicle horn by fixing means. Also, the mechanism includes three linear actuators, each linear actuator is operationally arranged in one of the housings of the support body. In addition, it comprises a ring with three equiangularly separated supports. Preferably, a tire is arranged on the outer face of the ring. On the other hand, the ring is operatively assembled with linear actuators. Also, the vehicle tire clamping, disassembly and assembly mechanism has a power unit operatively connected to the linear actuators. The power unit can be hydraulic drive, electromechanical drive or pneumatic drive. Preferably, the linear actuators are single acting. Therefore, the mechanism allows the wheels to be fastened to vehicle horns and, in addition, to assemble and disassemble the tires with a single command, for example, with the press of a button.
Breve descripción de las figuras La FIG. 1 corresponde a una vista en explosión de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo que tiene una unidad de potencia de accionamiento hidráulico. Brief description of the figures FIG. 1 corresponds to an exploded view of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires having a hydraulic drive power unit.
La FIG. 2 corresponde a una vista frontal de una primera sección de un cuerpo de soporte conectado a tres actuadores lineales de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. FIG. 2 corresponds to a front view of a first section of a support body connected to three linear actuators of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
La FIG. 3 corresponde a una vista frontal y a una vista en corte de un ensamble que contiene un elemento fijo, un elemento móvil y un rodamiento de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. La FIG. 4 corresponde a una vista lateral en corte de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. FIG. 3 corresponds to a front view and a sectional view of an assembly containing a fixed element, a movable element and a bearing of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires. FIG. 4 corresponds to a sectional side view of a modality of the mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
La FIG. 5 corresponde a un diagrama electro-hidráulico de control de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. FIG. 5 corresponds to an electro-hydraulic control diagram of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
La FIG. 6 corresponde a una vista en sección de un actuador lineal de accionamiento electro mecánico. La FIG. 7 corresponde a una vista en explosión de una unidad de potencia eléctrica de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. FIG. 6 corresponds to a sectional view of a linear electro-mechanical actuator. FIG. 7 corresponds to an exploded view of an electric power unit of a modality of the mechanism for clamping, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
La FIG. 8 corresponde a un diagrama eléctrico de control y potencia de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. FIG. 8 corresponds to an electrical diagram of control and power of a modality of the mechanism of attachment, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires.
La FIG. 9 corresponde a una vista de detalle de una modalidad de un mecanismo de expulsión axial conectado entre el aro y el cuerpo de soporte de una modalidad del mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo. Descripción detallada FIG. 9 corresponds to a detailed view of a modality of an axial ejection mechanism connected between the ring and the support body of a modality of the mechanism for securing, disassembling and assembling vehicle tires. Detailed description
El presente invento corresponde a un mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de vehículo (en adelante, mecanismo). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, el mecanismo comprende: The present invention corresponds to a mechanism for fastening, disassembly and assembly of vehicle tires (hereinafter, mechanism). Referring to FIG. 1, the mechanism comprises:
un cuerpo de soporte (1) con al menos tres alojamientos (2) separados equiángulamente, el cuerpo de soporte (1) se ensambla en un bocín (3) de un vehículo mediante medios de fijación (27);  a support body (1) with at least three housings (2) separated equitably, the support body (1) is assembled in a horn (3) of a vehicle by means of fixing means (27);
al menos tres actuadores lineales (4), cada actuador lineal (4) se dispone operacionalmente en uno de los alojamientos (2) del cuerpo de soporte (1); un aro (5) con al menos tres soportes (6) separados equiángulamente, el aro (5) se ensambla operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales (4), mediante los soportes (6); y, at least three linear actuators (4), each linear actuator (4) is operationally arranged in one of the housings (2) of the support body (1); a ring (5) with at least three brackets (6) separated equally, the ring (5) is operatively assembled with the linear actuators (4), by means of the brackets (6); Y,
una unidad de potencia (13) conectada operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales (4), la unidad de potencia (13) suministra un fluido que entra a los actuadores lineales (4) y permite el desplazamiento de los vástagos (10).  A power unit (13) operatively connected to the linear actuators (4), the power unit (13) supplies a fluid that enters the linear actuators (4) and allows the displacement of the rods (10).
Se entenderá en la presente invención que fluido es una sustancia que fluye a través de ductos, conductos y/o cables desde una fuente de potencia hasta un actuador y/o un sumidero. Ejemplos de fluidos son, fluidos neumáticos (v.g. aire, C02, N2), fluidos hidráulicos (v.g. aceites minerales y sintéticos, agua, etilenglicol), y fluido eléctrico. It will be understood in the present invention that fluid is a substance that flows through ducts, conduits and / or cables from a power source to an actuator and / or a sump. Examples of fluids are pneumatic fluids (e.g. air, C02, N2), hydraulic fluids (e.g. mineral and synthetic oils, water, ethylene glycol), and electric fluid.
Por otra parte, se entenderá por fluido eléctrico el flujo de electrones entre dos puntos conectados por un medio, preferiblemente el medio es sólido. On the other hand, electric fluid will be understood as the flow of electrons between two points connected by a medium, preferably the medium is solid.
En una modalidad (no ilustrada) de la invención, el cuerpo de soporte (1) tiene cuatro alojamientos (2). También, el mecanismo tiene cuatro actuadores lineales (4) conectados operacionalmente con los alojamientos (2). Además, el aro (5) tiene cuatro soportes (6) separados equiangularmente, el aro (5) se ensambla operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales (4). In one embodiment (not illustrated) of the invention, the support body (1) has four housings (2). Also, the mechanism has four linear actuators (4) operationally connected to the housings (2). In addition, the ring (5) has four supports (6) equiangularly separated, the ring (5) is operatively assembled with the linear actuators (4).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, el cuerpo de soporte (1) es modular y se conforma de una primera sección (7) y de una segunda sección (8) conectada a la primera sección (7). Adicionalmente, cada alojamiento (2) se divide en dos mitades, una mitad ubicada en la primera sección (7) y la otra mitad ubicada en la segunda sección (8). La configuración modular de la primera sección (7) y la segunda sección (8) facilita el montaje y desmontaje de los actuadores lineales (4). Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the support body (1) is modular and is formed of a first section (7) and a second section (8) connected to the first section (7). Additionally, each accommodation (2) is divided into two halves, one half located in the first section (7) and the other half located in the second section (8). The modular configuration of the first section (7) and the second section (8) facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the linear actuators (4).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, en una modalidad de la invención, la segunda sección (8) tiene una sección cilindrica (53) sobre la cual se ubica cada una de las mitades de los tres alojamientos (2). Adicionalmente, la segunda sección (8) tiene agujeros guía (52) los cuales permiten posicionar y ajustar los medios de fijación (27) (ilustrados en la FIG. 1) al bocín (3). Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the invention, the second section (8) has a cylindrical section (53) on which each of the halves of the three housings (2) is located. Additionally, the second section (8) has guide holes (52) the which allow positioning and adjusting the fixing means (27) (illustrated in FIG. 1) to the horn (3).
En una modalidad (no ilustrada), la primera sección (7) también tiene una sección cilindrica (53) sobre la cual se ubica cada una de las otras mitades de los tres aloj amientos (2). In one embodiment (not illustrated), the first section (7) also has a cylindrical section (53) on which each of the other halves of the three housings (2) is located.
Por otra parte, la primera sección (7) y la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1) se aseguran entre sí con medios de fijación (27). Los medios de fijación (27) pueden ser, tornillos, pernos, pines, remaches. Preferiblemente los medios de fijación (27) son tornillos que atraviesan la primera sección (7), la segunda sección (8), y se conectan al bocín (3). On the other hand, the first section (7) and the second section (8) of the support body (1) are secured together with fixing means (27). The fixing means (27) can be screws, bolts, pins, rivets. Preferably the fixing means (27) are screws that pass through the first section (7), the second section (8), and are connected to the horn (3).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 2, en una modalidad de la invención, la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1) tiene una perforación (31) ubicada en su centroide. Alrededor de la perforación (31) se disponen tres alojamientos (2) de manera equiangular, es decir, los alojamientos (2) se separan entre sí 120°. En el extremo distal de los alojamientos (2) se ubican topes (29) que evitan que los actuadores lineales (4) se salgan de los alojamientos (2). Por otra parte, hacia afuera de los topes (29) se extienden los vástagos (10) de cada actuador lineal (4). Preferiblemente, los topes (29) son una reducción del diámetro interno de los alojamientos (2) en sus extremos distales. Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the invention, the second section (8) of the support body (1) has a perforation (31) located in its centroid. Around the perforation (31), three housings (2) are arranged equiangularly, that is, the housings (2) are separated from each other 120 °. On the distal end of the housings (2) there are stops (29) that prevent the linear actuators (4) from leaving the housings (2). On the other hand, the rods (10) of each linear actuator (4) extend out of the stops (29). Preferably, the stops (29) are a reduction in the internal diameter of the housings (2) at their distal ends.
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), los topes (29) son tubos roscados en su superficie externa. Por otra parte, los alojamientos (2) tienen en su extremo distal una rosca hembra. Los topes (29) se enroscan en la rosca hembra de los alojamientos (2). La distribución equiangular de los alojamientos (2) permite que los actuadores lineales (4) desplacen sus vástagos (10) radialmente respecto a la sección cilindrica (53) de manera homogénea. Por lo tanto, cuando los vástagos (10) se conectan a los soportes (6) del aro (5), cada actuador lineal (4) incide la misma fuerza que los demás actuadores lineales (4). Lo anterior, evita que el aro (5) quede descentrado respecto al bocín (3). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, la primera sección (7) del cuerpo de soporte (1) tiene protuberancias (30) dispuestas radialmente y separadas de manera equidistante del centroide de la primera sección (7). Además, las protuberancias (30) extienden axialmente hacia afuera de la primera sección (8). Preferiblemente, la primera sección (7) tienes tres protuberancias (30) tubulares. In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the stops (29) are threaded tubes on their outer surface. On the other hand, the housings (2) have a female thread at their distal end. The stops (29) are screwed into the female thread of the housings (2). The equiangular distribution of the housings (2) allows the linear actuators (4) to move their stems (10) radially with respect to the cylindrical section (53) in a homogeneous manner. Therefore, when the rods (10) are connected to the supports (6) of the ring (5), each linear actuator (4) has the same force as the other linear actuators (4). This prevents the ring (5) from being offset from the horn (3). Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the first section (7) of the support body (1) has protrusions (30) arranged radially and equidistant from the centroid of the first section (7). In addition, the protuberances (30) extend axially outward from the first section (8). Preferably, the first section (7) has three tubular protuberances (30).
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), la primera sección (7) tiene una pluralidad de protuberancias (30) y la segunda sección (8) tiene una cantidad igual de agujeros guía (52). Preferiblemente, la primera sección (7) tiene tres protuberancias (30) separadas equiangularmente, y la segunda sección (8) tiene tres agujeros guía (52), también, dispuestos equiangularmente. Las protuberancias (30) y los agujeros guía (52) sirven para alinear los medios de fijación (27) que atraviesan la primera sección (7) y la segunda sección (8). Se entenderá en el presente invento que bocín (3) es un elemento con una superficie interna conectada a un eje de un vehículo, y una cara frontal extendiéndose radialmente respecto al eje vehículo. Preferiblemente, sobre la cara frontal se disponen agujeros roscados. Un sinónimo de bocín (3) es cubo (hub, en inglés). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, el bocín (3) se conforma de un plato (36), y un cilindro (35) ubicado en el centro del plato (36). El cilindro (35) tiene agujeros radiales (19), preferiblemente, separados equiangularmente. Los agujeros radiales (19) comunican el reverso del bocín (3) con su cara frontal. Además, el bocín (3) tiene agujeros roscados (33) ubicados en su cara frontal. Los medios de fijación (27) se enroscan en los agujeros roscados (33) para fijar el cuerpo de soporte (1) al bocín (3). In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the first section (7) has a plurality of protuberances (30) and the second section (8) has an equal amount of guide holes (52). Preferably, the first section (7) has three equiangularly separated protuberances (30), and the second section (8) has three guide holes (52), also, arranged equiangularly. The protuberances (30) and the guide holes (52) serve to align the fixing means (27) that cross the first section (7) and the second section (8). It will be understood in the present invention that horn (3) is an element with an internal surface connected to an axle of a vehicle, and a front face extending radially with respect to the vehicle axle. Preferably, threaded holes are arranged on the front face. A synonym for horn (3) is cube (hub, in English). Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the horn (3) is formed of a plate (36), and a cylinder (35) located in the center of the plate (36). The cylinder (35) has radial holes (19), preferably, equiangularly separated. The radial holes (19) communicate the back of the horn (3) with its front face. In addition, the horn (3) has threaded holes (33) located on its front face. The fixing means (27) are screwed into the threaded holes (33) to fix the support body (1) to the horn (3).
Adicionalmente, el bocín (3) tiene una guía central (32) ubicada en el centro de la cara frontal del cilindro (35). Al momento de ensamblar el cuerpo de soporte (1) con el bocín (3), la guía central (32) se inserta la perforación (31) de la segunda sección (8). La guía central (32) y la perforación (31) permiten centrar la segunda sección (8) respecto al bocín (3), lo que garantiza la alineación entre el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1) y el aro (5). Additionally, the horn (3) has a central guide (32) located in the center of the front face of the cylinder (35). When assembling the support body (1) with the horn (3), the central guide (32) inserts the perforation (31) of the second section (8). The Guide center (32) and the perforation (31) allow to center the second section (8) with respect to the horn (3), which guarantees the alignment between the horn (3), the support body (1) and the ring (5) .
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, el aro (5) es un aro para llantas de vehículo. El aro (5) tiene soportes (6) dispuestos equiangularmente sobre su cara interna. Preferiblemente los soportes (6) son agujeros cónicos. Adicionalmente, el aro (5) cuenta con guías radiales (12) que se extienden radialmente desde la cara interna del aro (5) hacia su centroide. Preferiblemente, sobre la cara externa del aro (5) se dispone una llanta (28). Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the ring (5) is a ring for vehicle tires. The ring (5) has supports (6) arranged equiangularly on its inner face. Preferably the supports (6) are conical holes. Additionally, the ring (5) has radial guides (12) that extend radially from the inner face of the ring (5) towards its centroid. Preferably, a rim (28) is arranged on the outer face of the ring (5).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, en una modalidad de la invención, cada una de las guías radiales (12) se compone de dos cartelas (47) dispuestas en simetría espejo. Cada cartela (47) tiene una superficie plana con una cara interna y una cara externa. La superficie plana se extiende de manera radial respecto al aro (5). Además, cada cartela (47) incluye un pie de amigo que se extiende desde la cara interna del aro (5) hasta la cara externa de cada superficie plana. Entre las caras internas de las cartelas (47) se ubica un soporte (6) del aro (5). Las guías radiales (12) posicionan los actuadores lineales (4) de manera que los vástagos (10) de cada actuador lineal (4) quedan alineados radialmente con los soportes (6) del aro (5) para facilitar la conexión entre el extremo distal de los vástagos (10) y los soportes (6). Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, each of the radial guides (12) is composed of two brackets (47) arranged in mirror symmetry. Each cartouche (47) has a flat surface with an inner face and an outer face. The flat surface extends radially with respect to the ring (5). In addition, each bracket (47) includes a friend's foot that extends from the inner face of the ring (5) to the outer face of each flat surface. Between the inner faces of the cartels (47) is located a support (6) of the ring (5). The radial guides (12) position the linear actuators (4) so that the stems (10) of each linear actuator (4) are aligned radially with the hoops (6) of the ring (5) to facilitate the connection between the distal end of the stems (10) and the supports (6).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 1, FIG. 3 y la FIG. 4, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) es una unidad de potencia hidráulica. La unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de: Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) is a hydraulic power unit. The power unit (13) consists of:
- un mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14); y  - a hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14); Y
una vigía hidráulica (80) conectada al mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14), la vigía hidráulica (80) incluye:  a hydraulic watch (80) connected to the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14), the hydraulic watch (80) includes:
un cuerpo fijo (15) y conectado al mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) mediante una tubería rígida;  a fixed body (15) and connected to the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) by a rigid pipe;
- un cuerpo móvil (16) conectado al bocín (3) y conectado al eje (45) del vehículo, el cuerpo móvil (16) tiene puertos de conexión (17) a través de los cuales fluye un fluido hidráulico, cada puerto de conexión (17) se conecta a un actuador lineal (4); y, - a mobile body (16) connected to the horn (3) and connected to the axle (45) of the vehicle, the mobile body (16) has connection ports (17) to through which a hydraulic fluid flows, each connection port (17) is connected to a linear actuator (4); Y,
un rodamiento (18) dispuesto concéntricamente entre el cuerpo fijo (15) y el cuerpo móvil (16).  a bearing (18) concentrically arranged between the fixed body (15) and the mobile body (16).
donde, el eje (45), el cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran de manera solidaria. where, the shaft (45), the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
Se entenderá en el presento invento que vigía hidráulica (80) es un ensamble de un cuerpo fijo (15), un cuerpo móvil (16) y un rodamiento (18). La vigía hidráulica (80) permite distribuir fluido hidráulico desde la unidad de potencia (13) hasta los actuadores lineales (4). En la FIG. 3 se ilustra una vigía hidráulica (80). It will be understood in the present invention that hydraulic watch (80) is an assembly of a fixed body (15), a movable body (16) and a bearing (18). The hydraulic watch (80) allows hydraulic fluid to be distributed from the power unit (13) to the linear actuators (4). In FIG. 3 a hydraulic watch (80) is illustrated.
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), el cuerpo fijo (15) se conecta mediante una tubería rígida a unidad de potencia hidráulica (14). Preferiblemente, la tubería rígida tiene dos extremos, en cada extremo tiene un racor. Un racor se conecta a la unidad de potencia hidráulica (14), el otro racor se conecta al cuerpo fijo (15). In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fixed body (15) is connected by a rigid pipe to a hydraulic power unit (14). Preferably, the rigid pipe has two ends, at each end it has a fitting. One fitting is connected to the hydraulic power unit (14), the other fitting is connected to the fixed body (15).
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), el cuerpo fijo (15) se conecta mediante una estructura conformada por perfiles cuadrados al chasis del vehículo. La estructura tiene una brida que se conecta con tornillos al cuerpo fijo (15). La estructura puede unirse al chasis del vehículo mediante tornillos y bridas, uniones soldadas, uniones roscadas y combinaciones de los anteriores. Por otra parte, el cuerpo fijo (15) incluye un racor axial (39) que se comunica con la unidad de potencia hidráulica (14) mediante un ducto, que puede ser, una tubería rígida, o una manguera flexible. Por otra parte, el cuerpo móvil (16) se aloja dentro del bocín (3) y se conecta al eje (45) de las llantas del vehículo. In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fixed body (15) is connected by a structure formed by square profiles to the chassis of the vehicle. The structure has a flange that connects with screws to the fixed body (15). The structure can be attached to the vehicle chassis by means of screws and flanges, welded joints, threaded joints and combinations of the above. On the other hand, the fixed body (15) includes an axial fitting (39) that communicates with the hydraulic power unit (14) through a duct, which can be a rigid pipe, or a flexible hose. On the other hand, the movable body (16) is housed inside the horn (3) and is connected to the axle (45) of the vehicle's tires.
En una modalidad de la invención el mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) puede ser una unidad de potencia hidráulica AC, una unidad de potencia hidráulica DC, un circuito hidráulico que incluye elementos como bombas, tanques, válvulas de distribución, válvulas de seguridad, tuberías, conexiones, y combinaciones de los anteriores. Preferiblemente el mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) es una unidad de potencia hidráulica DC que opera a 12V. Se entenderá en el presente invento que unidad de potencia de hidráulica es un dispositivo que incluye elementos como, bombas, tanques de aceite, válvulas de seguridad, presóstatos, válvulas de distribución, tuberías, indicadores de flujo, nivel, temperatura, presión, y/o combinaciones de los anteriores, dispuestos en una misma estructura. La unidad de potencia hidráulica entrega y distribuye un fluido hidráulico, preferiblemente aceite hidráulico. In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) can be an AC hydraulic power unit, a DC hydraulic power unit, a hydraulic circuit that includes elements such as pumps, tanks, distribution valves, safety valves, pipes , connections, and combinations of the above. Preferably the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) is a DC hydraulic power unit that operates at 12V. It will be understood in the present invention that hydraulic power unit is a device that includes elements such as pumps, oil tanks, safety valves, pressure switches, distribution valves, pipes, flow indicators, level, temperature, pressure, and / or combinations of the above, arranged in the same structure. The hydraulic power unit delivers and distributes a hydraulic fluid, preferably hydraulic oil.
En una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) es una unidad de potencia hidráulica DC que opera a 12VDC y consume entre 5Amp y lOAmp. Por otra parte, la unidad de potencia hidráulica DC entrega un caudal en un rango de 0, 16 a 0,33Lpm, a una presión de operación en un rango de 827,3KPa (lOOPSI) a 62015,3KPa (900PSI). La unidad de potencia hidráulica DC puede conectarse a la batería (54) o al alternador de un vehículo. In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) is a DC hydraulic power unit that operates at 12VDC and consumes between 5Amp and 10mp. On the other hand, the DC hydraulic power unit delivers a flow in a range of 0.16 to 0.33Lpm, at an operating pressure in a range of 827.3KPa (lOOPSI) to 62015.3KPa (900PSI). The DC hydraulic power unit can be connected to the battery (54) or to the alternator of a vehicle.
En una modalidad de la invención, el rodamiento ( 18) se selecciona del grupo que comprende rodamientos de bolas, rodamientos de rodillos, rodamientos de carga axial, rodamientos de agujas, bujes, y combinaciones de los anteriores. Preferiblemente el rodamiento (18) es un rodamiento de bolas. In one embodiment of the invention, the bearing (18) is selected from the group comprising ball bearings, roller bearings, axial load bearings, needle bearings, bushings, and combinations thereof. Preferably the bearing (18) is a ball bearing.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, el cuerpo fijo (15) consta de dos partes. Una primera parte tiene un espacio cilindrico (48) donde se ubica la pista externa del rodamiento (18), una segunda sección en la cual se ubica un primer canal (41). El primer canal (41) se encarga de llevar el fluido hidráulico desde un racor axial (39) ubicado en la cara trasera del cuerpo fijo (15) hasta un segundo canal (42) ubicado en el cuerpo móvil (16). Preferiblemente, el racor axial (39) se conecta a través de una tubería al mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14). Referring to FIG. 3, the fixed body (15) consists of two parts. A first part has a cylindrical space (48) where the outer race of the bearing (18) is located, a second section in which a first channel (41) is located. The first channel (41) is responsible for carrying the hydraulic fluid from an axial fitting (39) located on the rear face of the fixed body (15) to a second channel (42) located on the mobile body (16). Preferably, the axial fitting (39) is connected through a pipe to the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 3, el cuerpo móvil (16) consta de dos secciones. Una sección cilindrica inferior (50) en el cual se aloja la pista interna del rodamiento (18), y una sección cilindrica superior (51) donde se ubican los puertos de conexión (17). En los puertos de conexión (17) se instalan racores radiales (40). Preferiblemente, se conectan tres racores radiales (40) alrededor de la sección cilindrica superior (51) de manera equiangular. El cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran de manera solidaria. Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 4, los racores radiales (40) se conectan a los cilindros lineales (4) a través de tuberías (49) con el objetivo de permitir el paso del fluido hidráulico desde el segundo canal (42) hasta el actuador lineal (4). Referring to FIG. 3, the mobile body (16) consists of two sections. A lower cylindrical section (50) in which the inner race of the bearing (18) is housed, and an upper cylindrical section (51) where the connection ports (17) are located. Radial fittings (40) are installed in the connection ports (17). Preferably, they connect three radial fittings (40) around the upper cylindrical section (51) in an equiangular manner. The movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity. Referring to FIG. 4, the radial fittings (40) are connected to the linear cylinders (4) through pipes (49) in order to allow the passage of hydraulic fluid from the second channel (42) to the linear actuator (4).
Para accionar el mecanismo, es necesario que circule fluido hidráulico desde el mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) hasta el cuerpo fijo (15). El fluido hidráulico ingresa a través del racor axial (39), posteriormente, el fluido hidráulico atraviesa el cuerpo fijo (15) a través del primer canal (41) y se comunica con el cuerpo móvil (16) por medio de un segundo canal (42). Posteriormente, el fluido circula desde el cuerpo móvil (16) hasta el actuador lineal (4) a través de la tubería (49). Luego, el fluido hidráulico presurizado retrae el vástago (10) hacia el dentro de su camisa (47) comprimiendo el resorte (9) que se ubica al interior de la camisa (47). Cuando el vástago (10) se encuentra retraído, el aro (5) puede desplazarse axialmente respecto al cuerpo de soporte ( 1). To operate the mechanism, it is necessary to circulate hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) to the fixed body (15). The hydraulic fluid enters through the axial fitting (39), subsequently, the hydraulic fluid passes through the fixed body (15) through the first channel (41) and communicates with the mobile body (16) through a second channel ( 42). Subsequently, the fluid circulates from the mobile body (16) to the linear actuator (4) through the pipe (49). Then, the pressurized hydraulic fluid retracts the rod (10) into its jacket (47) compressing the spring (9) located inside the jacket (47). When the rod (10) is retracted, the ring (5) can move axially with respect to the support body (1).
Para desmontar el aro (5) del cuerpo de soporte (1), se retraen los actuadores lineales (4). Con la retracción de los actuadores lineales (4) se saca las cabezas cónicas (1 1) de los soportes (6) del aro (5). Luego se retira el aro (5) en dirección axial con respecto del cuerpo de soporte (1). To remove the ring (5) from the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) are retracted. With the retraction of the linear actuators (4) the conical heads (1 1) are removed from the supports (6) of the ring (5). Then the ring (5) is removed in axial direction with respect to the support body (1).
Para montar el aro (5) del cuerpo de soporte (1), se activa la unidad de potencia (13) y se retraen los actuadores lineales (4). Luego se desplaza el aro (5) en dirección axial con respecto al cuerpo de soporte (1), alineando los actuadores lineales (4) con las guías radiales (12). Posteriormente se posicionan los soportes (6) del aro (5) al frente de cada cabeza cónica (1 1) de los actuadores lineales (4). Después, se desactiva la unidad de potencia (13), lo cual, genera que los actuadores lineales (4) pierdan su fuerza, ya sea eléctrica o hidráulica, y los resortes (9) de cada actuador lineal (4) empujan el vástago (10) en dirección radial hacia el exterior del cuerpo de soporte (1), insertando las cabezas cónicas (1 1) en los soportes del aro (5). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de una unidad de presurización hidráulica (14) conectada a cuatro vigías hidráulicas (80), cada vigía hidráulica (80) se conecta a tres actuadores lineales (4). Entre el mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) y cada vigía hidráulica (80) se ubica una primera electroválvula (72), la cual es válvula de distribución. To mount the ring (5) of the support body (1), the power unit (13) is activated and the linear actuators (4) are retracted. Then the ring (5) is moved in axial direction with respect to the support body (1), aligning the linear actuators (4) with the radial guides (12). Subsequently, the supports (6) of the ring (5) are positioned in front of each conical head (1 1) of the linear actuators (4). Then, the power unit (13) is deactivated, which causes the linear actuators (4) to lose their force, either electric or hydraulic, and the springs (9) of each linear actuator (4) push the rod ( 10) in the radial direction towards the outside of the support body (1), inserting the conical heads (1 1) into the hoop supports (5). Referring to FIG. 5, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) is made up of a hydraulic pressurization unit (14) connected to four hydraulic beams (80), each hydraulic beams (80) are connected to three linear actuators (4 ). Between the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) and each hydraulic guard (80) a first solenoid valve (72) is located, which is a distribution valve.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) tiene un mecanismo de seguridad conectado a cada actuador lineal (4), a un interruptor de seguridad (56) conectado al freno de mano de un vehículo, al interruptor de encendido (55) y a una batería (54) de un vehículo. Referring to FIG. 5, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) has a safety mechanism connected to each linear actuator (4), to a safety switch (56) connected to the handbrake of a vehicle, to the power switch. ignition (55) and a battery (54) of a vehicle.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, en una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo de seguridad se conforma de: Referring to FIG. 5, in one embodiment of the invention, the security mechanism is made up of:
un dispositivo de control (58) con entradas y salidas;  a control device (58) with inputs and outputs;
un dispositivo de mando (57), preferiblemente el dispositivo de mando (57) tiene seis entradas y cuatro salidas, las salidas se conectan en paralelo a entradas del dispositivo de control (58);  a control device (57), preferably the control device (57) has six inputs and four outputs, the outputs are connected in parallel to inputs of the control device (58);
el interruptor de encendido (55) y el interruptor de seguridad (56) conectados en paralelo a entradas del dispositivo de control (58);  the power switch (55) and the safety switch (56) connected in parallel to inputs of the control device (58);
una primera bobina (68), una segunda bobina (69), una tercera bobina (70), y una cuarta bobina (71) conectadas en paralelo a salidas del dispositivo de control (58) la batería (54) conectada a la primera bobina (68), la segunda bobina (69), la tercera bobina (70), la cuarta bobina (71), el interruptor de encendido (55), el interruptor de seguridad (56), y al dispositivo de mando (57).  a first coil (68), a second coil (69), a third coil (70), and a fourth coil (71) connected in parallel to outputs of the control device (58) the battery (54) connected to the first coil (68), the second coil (69), the third coil (70), the fourth coil (71), the ignition switch (55), the safety switch (56), and the control device (57).
Preferiblemente el dispositivo de mando (57) es de accionamiento remoto, y tiene un control remoto (67), preferiblemente con cuatro botones. Cada botón se conecta a una entrada del dispositivo de mando (57). La comunicación entre el dispositivo de mando (57) y el control remoto (67) puede ser mediante cables, conexión bluetooth, infrarrojo, radio, GSM/GPRS, y combinaciones de los anteriores. Se entenderá en el presente invento que interruptor es un dispositivo o mecanismo que conmuta eléctricamente dos puntos de un circuito eléctrico, el cual es activado por una fuente externa. Un interruptor puede ser, un interruptor de final de carrera, un sensor capacitivo, un sensor inductivo, un sensor óptico, entre otros. Preferably the control device (57) is remote operated, and has a remote control (67), preferably with four buttons. Each button is connected to an input of the control device (57). Communication between the control device (57) and the remote control (67) can be via cables, bluetooth connection, infrared, radio, GSM / GPRS, and combinations of the above. It will be understood in the present invention that a switch is a device or mechanism that electrically switches two points of an electrical circuit, which is activated by an external source. A switch can be, a limit switch, a capacitive sensor, an inductive sensor, an optical sensor, among others.
En una modalidad de la invención, el dispositivo de control (58) es un dispositivo programable apto para la labor que puede ser, un controlador lógico programable (PLC, por sus siglas en inglés), un arduino, una raspberry-pi, o un LOGO. También, el dispositivo de control (58) puede conformarse a partir de elementos de lógica cableada, tales como, contactores, relés, interruptores, temporizadores, sensores, interruptores y sensores con contactos normalmente abiertos (NA) o contactos normalmente cerrados (NC), entre otros. In one embodiment of the invention, the control device (58) is a programmable device suitable for the work that may be, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an arduino, a raspberry-pi, or a LOGO. Also, the control device (58) can be formed from wired logic elements, such as contactors, relays, switches, timers, sensors, switches and sensors with normally open contacts (NA) or normally closed contacts (NC), among others.
En una modalidad de la invención, el dispositivo de control (58) ejecuta un método que comprende las siguientes etapas: In one embodiment of the invention, the control device (58) executes a method comprising the following steps:
a) verificar que el interruptor de seguridad (56) esté activado, el interruptor de seguridad (56) se activa cuando un usuario activa el freno de mano del vehículo; b) verificar que el interruptor de encendido (55) esté activado, el interruptor de encendido (55) se activa cuando el vehículo está apagado; a) verify that the safety switch (56) is activated, the safety switch (56) is activated when a user activates the vehicle handbrake; b) verify that the ignition switch (55) is activated, the ignition switch (55) is activated when the vehicle is off;
c) recibir una señal desde el dispositivo de mando (57), el dispositivo de mando (57) emite la señal al pulsar uno de los botones del control remoto (67); c) receiving a signal from the control device (57), the control device (57) emits the signal by pressing one of the buttons of the remote control (67);
d) activar una de las bobinas conectadas al dispositivo de control (68), la bobina activada está relacionada con el botón oprimido por el usuario en el control remoto (67), puesto que, cada botón permite activar una de las cuatro bobinas. d) activate one of the coils connected to the control device (68), the activated coil is related to the button pressed by the user on the remote control (67), since each button allows activating one of the four coils.
Si el vehículo se enciende, el interruptor de encendido (55) se desactiva y el dispositivo de control (68) apaga todas las bobinas. De manera similar, si el freno de mano del vehículo se desactiva, el interruptor de seguridad (56) se desactiva y el dispositivo de control (68) apaga todas las bobinas. Lo anterior, asegura que el mecanismo no active los actuadores lineales (4) a menos que el vehículo esté encendido y tenga su freno de mano activado. Así, se evita que en caso de pulsar accidentalmente uno de los botones del control remoto (67) estando el vehículo en movimiento, se activen los actuadores lineales (4) y desmonten la rueda del vehículo, lo que obviamente causaría un accidente. If the vehicle is started, the ignition switch (55) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all coils. Similarly, if the vehicle's handbrake is deactivated, the safety switch (56) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all coils. This ensures that the mechanism does not activate the linear actuators (4) unless the vehicle is on and has its handbrake activated. Thus, it is avoided that in case of accidentally pressing one of the buttons of the remote control (67) while the vehicle is in motion, the linear actuators (4) are activated and the wheel of the vehicle is disassembled, which would obviously cause an accident.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 5, la primera bobina (68) pertenece a una primera electroválvula (72), la segunda bobina (69) pertenece a una segunda electroválvula (73), la tercera bobina (70) pertenece a una tercera electroválvula (74) y la cuarta bobina (71) pertenece a una cuarta electroválvula (75). Las electroválvulas forman parte de una unidad de potencia (13). En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), los actuadores lineales (4) son actuadores neumáticos. Además, la unidad de potencia (13) es una unidad de potencia neumática. Preferiblemente, la unidad de potencia neumática comprende un compresor apto para la labor, que puede ser un compresor clase VMAC (VMAC, por sus siglas en inglés Vehicle Mounted Air Compressor). Los compresores clase VMAC son los que habitualmente poseen los vehículos que operan con combustible diésel, tales como, camiones, tracto-camiones, camionetas, autobuses, entre otros. También, el compresor puede ser un compresor accionado por corriente directa. Referring to FIG. 5, the first coil (68) belongs to a first solenoid valve (72), the second coil (69) belongs to a second solenoid valve (73), the third coil (70) belongs to a third solenoid valve (74) and the fourth coil (71) belongs to a fourth solenoid valve (75). The solenoid valves are part of a power unit (13). In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the linear actuators (4) are pneumatic actuators. In addition, the power unit (13) is a pneumatic power unit. Preferably, the pneumatic power unit comprises a work-fit compressor, which can be a VMAC-class compressor (VMAC) for Vehicle Mounted Air Compressor. VMAC class compressors are those that usually have vehicles that operate with diesel fuel, such as trucks, tractor-trucks, vans, buses, among others. Also, the compressor can be a direct current driven compressor.
Por otra parte, la primera electroválvula (72), la segunda electroválvula (73), la tercera electroválvula (74) y la cuarta electroválvula (75), son electroválvulas neumáticas. Preferiblemente las electroválvulas comparten un mismo compresor. On the other hand, the first solenoid valve (72), the second solenoid valve (73), the third solenoid valve (74) and the fourth solenoid valve (75), are pneumatic solenoid valves. Preferably the solenoid valves share the same compressor.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 6, en una modalidad de la invención, los actuadores lineales (4) son cilindros de accionamiento electromecánico. Cada actuador lineal (4) tiene una camisa (47) con una tapa (78), un vástago (10) y un solenoide (46) dispuesto concéntricamente entre el vástago (10) y la camisa (47). Además, cada vástago (10) tiene una cabeza cónica (11) conectada en su extremo distal. Adicionalmente, cada actuador lineal (4) tiene una aleta (79) ubicada en el extremo distal del vástago (10) de manera contigua a la cabeza cónica (11). Entre la aleta (79) y la tapa (78) se dispone un resorte (9). El vástago (10) se fabrica en un material ferromagnético, que puede ser acero al carbono, preferiblemente AISI 1010, AISI 1020, o un acero al carbono de baja aleación con un contenido de carbono inferior al 0,2%. El material ferromagnético es afectado por un campo magnético que genera el solenoide (46) cuando se activa. El campo magnético produce una fuerza magnética que incide sobre el vástago (10) y permite que se mueva axialmente. Referring to FIG. 6, in one embodiment of the invention, the linear actuators (4) are electromechanical drive cylinders. Each linear actuator (4) has a jacket (47) with a cover (78), a rod (10) and a solenoid (46) arranged concentrically between the rod (10) and the sleeve (47). In addition, each rod (10) has a conical head (11) connected at its distal end. Additionally, each linear actuator (4) has a fin (79) located at the distal end of the rod (10) adjacent to the conical head (11). A spring (9) is arranged between the fin (79) and the cover (78). The rod (10) is made of a ferromagnetic material, which can be carbon steel, preferably AISI 1010, AISI 1020, or a low alloy carbon steel with a carbon content of less than 0.2%. The ferromagnetic material is affected by a magnetic field generated by the solenoid (46) when activated. The magnetic field produces a magnetic force that strikes the rod (10) and allows it to move axially.
Cuando el solenoide (46) se activa, el vástago (10) se mueve hacia dentro de la camisa (47), comprimiendo el resorte (9). Cuando el solenoide (46) se apaga, el resorte (9) efectúa una fuerza axial sobre el vástago (10) hacia afuera de la camisa (47). When the solenoid (46) is activated, the rod (10) moves into the jacket (47), compressing the spring (9). When the solenoid (46) is turned off, the spring (9) exerts an axial force on the rod (10) out of the jacket (47).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 7, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) es de accionamiento electromecánico, la unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de: una fuente de potencia eléctrica (22); y Referring to FIG. 7, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) is electromechanically operated, the power unit (13) consists of: an electric power source (22); Y
- una vigía eléctrica (81) con: - an electric watch (81) with:
un cuerpo fijo (15) conectado al vehículo mediante un elemento estructural, que puede ser una tubería, un perfil cuadrado, un perfil en C, o una varilla; el cuerpo fijo (15) tiene escobillas positivas (20) y escobillas negativas (21) conectadas a la fuente de potencia eléctrica (22); y - un cuerpo móvil (16) con:  a fixed body (15) connected to the vehicle by a structural element, which may be a pipe, a square profile, a C profile, or a rod; the fixed body (15) has positive brushes (20) and negative brushes (21) connected to the power source (22); and - a mobile body (16) with:
una base aislante (23) conectada al bocín (3) y conectada a un eje (45) del vehículo;  an insulating base (23) connected to the horn (3) and connected to an axle (45) of the vehicle;
un primer anillo (24) dispuesto concéntricamente contiguo a la base aislante (23), y conectado operacionalmente con una de las escobillas del cuerpo fijo (15);  a first ring (24) arranged concentrically adjacent to the insulating base (23), and operationally connected with one of the brushes of the fixed body (15);
un anillo aislante (25) dispuesto concéntricamente contiguo al primer anillo (24); y  an insulating ring (25) arranged concentrically adjacent to the first ring (24); Y
un segundo anillo (26) dispuesto concéntricamente contiguo al anillo aislante (25) y conectado con una de las escobillas del cuerpo fijo (15); y,  a second ring (26) arranged concentrically adjacent to the insulating ring (25) and connected with one of the brushes of the fixed body (15); Y,
un rodamiento (18) dispuesto concéntricamente entre la base aislante (23) y el cuerpo fijo (15). donde, el eje (45), el cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran de manera solidaria. a bearing (18) concentrically arranged between the insulating base (23) and the fixed body (15). where, the shaft (45), the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
Se entenderá en el presento invento que vigía eléctrica (81) es un ensamble de un cuerpo fijo (15), un cuerpo móvil (16) y un rodamiento (18). La vigía eléctrica (81) permite distribuir fluido eléctrico desde la unidad de potencia (13) hasta los actuadores lineales (4). It will be understood in the present invention that electric watch (81) is an assembly of a fixed body (15), a movable body (16) and a bearing (18). The electric watch (81) allows to distribute electric fluid from the power unit (13) to the linear actuators (4).
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), el cuerpo fijo (15) se conecta mediante una tubería rígida al chasis del vehículo. Preferiblemente, la tubería rígida tiene bridas en sus extremos, una brida se conecta al cuerpo fijo (15) con tornillos, y la otra brida se conecta al chasis del vehículo, igualmente, con tornillos. In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fixed body (15) is connected by a rigid pipe to the vehicle chassis. Preferably, the rigid pipe has flanges at its ends, one flange is connected to the fixed body (15) with screws, and the other flange is connected to the vehicle chassis, likewise, with screws.
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), el cuerpo fijo (15) se conecta mediante una estructura conformada por perfiles cuadrados al chasis del vehículo. La estructura tiene una brida que se conecta con tornillos al cuerpo fijo (15). La estructura puede unirse al chasis del vehículo mediante tornillos y bridas, uniones soldadas, uniones roscadas y combinaciones de los anteriores. Por otra parte, el cuerpo móvil (16) se aloja dentro del bocín (3) y se conecta al eje (45) de las llantas del vehículo. El cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran de manera solidaria. In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the fixed body (15) is connected by a structure formed by square profiles to the chassis of the vehicle. The structure has a flange that connects with screws to the fixed body (15). The structure can be attached to the vehicle chassis by means of screws and flanges, welded joints, threaded joints and combinations of the above. On the other hand, the movable body (16) is housed inside the horn (3) and is connected to the axle (45) of the vehicle's tires. The movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
La base aislante (23) permite aislar eléctricamente el cuerpo fijo (15) del cuerpo móvil (16). La base aislante (23) es de un material aislante apto para la labor, que puede ser, plástico, elastómero, o cerámico. Preferiblemente la base aislante (23) es de un material plástico. Aún más preferiblemente, el material plástico es una poliamida. The insulating base (23) allows electrically isolating the fixed body (15) from the mobile body (16). The insulating base (23) is of an insulating material suitable for the work, which can be, plastic, elastomer, or ceramic. Preferably the insulating base (23) is of a plastic material. Even more preferably, the plastic material is a polyamide.
Igualmente, el anillo aislante (25) es de un material aislante apto para la labor, que puede ser, plástico, elastómero, o cerámico. Preferiblemente el anillo aislante (25) es de un material plástico. Aún más preferiblemente, el material plástico es una poliamida. Por otra parte, el primer anillo (24) y el segundo anillo (26) conducen electricidad desde una de las escobillas, ya sea la escobilla negativa (21) o la escobilla positiva (20) hacia bornes de conexión (43). Los bornes de conexión (43) se ubican de manera axial respecto a cada anillo. El anillo aislante (25) separa el primer anillo (24) del segundo anillo (26), evitando que cortocircuiten. Likewise, the insulating ring (25) is made of an insulating material suitable for work, which can be plastic, elastomer, or ceramic. Preferably the insulating ring (25) is of a plastic material. Even more preferably, the plastic material is a polyamide. On the other hand, the first ring (24) and the second ring (26) conduct electricity from one of the brushes, either the negative brush (21) or the positive brush (20) to connection terminals (43). The connection terminals (43) are located axially with respect to each ring. The insulating ring (25) separates the first ring (24) from the second ring (26), preventing them from short-circuiting.
El primer anillo (24) y el segundo anillo (26) se cargan eléctricamente con polaridades opuestas cuando la fuente de potencia eléctrica (22) se activa. En una modalidad de la invención, los bornes de conexión (43) se conectan mediante cables a los solenoides (46) de los actuadores lineales (4). The first ring (24) and the second ring (26) are electrically charged with opposite polarities when the electrical power source (22) is activated. In one embodiment of the invention, the connection terminals (43) are connected by wires to the solenoids (46) of the linear actuators (4).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 7 y la FIG. 8, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de una fuente de potencia eléctrica (22), que preferiblemente es una batería (54) de 12VDC, conectada a cuatro vigías eléctricas (81), cada vigía eléctrica (81) se conecta a tres solenoides (46). Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) is made up of an electric power source (22), which is preferably a 12VDC battery (54), connected to four electric beams (81), each lookout Electric (81) connects to three solenoids (46).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 8, en una modalidad de la invención, la unidad de potencia (13) tiene un mecanismo de seguridad conectado a cada solenoide (46); al freno de mano de un vehículo; al sistema de encendido del vehículo y a una batería (54) del vehículo. El mecanismo de seguridad se conforma de:
Figure imgf000018_0001
un interruptor de encendido (55) conectado al sistema de encendido de vehículo y el interruptor de seguridad (56) conectado al freno de mano del vehículo, ambos interruptores se conectan en paralelo a entradas del dispositivo de control (58); un primer contactor (59) asociado a un primer contacto (63), un segundo contactor (60) asociado a un segundo contacto (64), un tercer contactor (61) asociado a un tercer contacto (65), y un cuarto contactor (62) asociado a un cuarto contacto (66), los contactores se conectan en paralelo a salidas del dispositivo de control (58), cada contacto se conecta a un solenoide (46); Referring to FIG. 8, in one embodiment of the invention, the power unit (13) has a safety mechanism connected to each solenoid (46); to the handbrake of a vehicle; to the vehicle ignition system and a vehicle battery (54). The safety mechanism consists of:
Figure imgf000018_0001
an ignition switch (55) connected to the vehicle ignition system and the safety switch (56) connected to the vehicle handbrake, both switches are connected in parallel to inputs of the control device (58); a first contactor (59) associated with a first contact (63), a second contactor (60) associated with a second contact (64), a third contactor (61) associated with a third contact (65), and a fourth contactor ( 62) associated with a fourth contact (66), the contactors are connected in parallel to outputs of the control device (58), each contact is connected to a solenoid (46);
la batería (54) conectada al primer contactor (59), al segundo contactor (60), al tercer contactor (61), al cuarto contactor (62), al interruptor de encendido (55), al interruptor de seguridad (56), a cada solenoide (46) y al dispositivo de mando (57).  the battery (54) connected to the first contactor (59), the second contactor (60), the third contactor (61), the fourth contactor (62), the ignition switch (55), the safety switch (56), to each solenoid (46) and to the control device (57).
En una modalidad de la invención, el dispositivo de control (68) ejecuta un método que comprende las siguientes etapas: In one embodiment of the invention, the control device (68) executes a method comprising the following steps:
a) verificar que el interruptor de seguridad (56) esté activado, el interruptor de seguridad (56) se activa cuando un usuario activa el freno de mano del vehículo; b) verificar que el interruptor de encendido (55) esté activado, el interruptor de encendido (55) se activa cuando el vehículo está apagado; a) verify that the safety switch (56) is activated, the safety switch (56) is activated when a user activates the vehicle handbrake; b) verify that the ignition switch (55) is activated, the ignition switch (55) is activated when the vehicle is off;
c) recibir una señal desde el dispositivo de mando (57), el dispositivo de mando (57) emite la señal al pulsar uno de los botones del control remoto (67); c) receiving a signal from the control device (57), the control device (57) emits the signal by pressing one of the buttons of the remote control (67);
d) activar uno de los contactores conectados al dispositivo de control (68), el contactor está relacionada con el botón oprimido por el usuario en el control remoto (67), puesto que, cada botón permite activar uno de los cuatro contactores. d) activate one of the contactors connected to the control device (68), the contactor is related to the button pressed by the user on the remote control (67), since each button allows activating one of the four contactors.
Si el vehículo se enciende, el interruptor de encendido (55) se desactiva y el dispositivo de control (68) apaga todos los contactores. De manera similar, si el freno de mano del vehículo se desactiva, el interruptor de seguridad (56) se desactiva y el dispositivo de control (68) apaga todos los contactores. If the vehicle is started, the ignition switch (55) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all contactors. Similarly, if the vehicle's handbrake is deactivated, the safety switch (56) is deactivated and the control device (68) turns off all contactors.
En una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo incluye un mecanismo de expulsión axial conectado entre el aro (5) y el cuerpo de soporte (1). In one embodiment of the invention, the mechanism includes an axial ejection mechanism connected between the ring (5) and the support body (1).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 4, en una modalidad de la invención, el mecanismo de expulsión axial se conforma de: Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the axial ejection mechanism is comprised of:
una platina (76) dispuesta axialmente sobre la cara frontal del aro (5); y  a stage (76) arranged axially on the front face of the ring (5); Y
- un resorte de expulsión (77) ubicado sobre la cara frontal de la sección (7) del cuerpo de soporte (1). En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada) la platina (76) es circular y tiene radios que se extiende radialmente respecto al aro (5). Los radios se conectan al borde frontal del aro (5). - an ejection spring (77) located on the front face of the section (7) of the support body (1). In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated) the stage (76) is circular and has radii that extend radially with respect to the ring (5). The spokes connect to the front edge of the ring (5).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 4, en una modalidad de la invención, la platina (76) tiene un anillo guía (82) dispuesto en su centroide. El anillo guía (82) se extiende axialmente respecto al aro (5). Por otra parte, sobre la cara frontal de la sección (7) del cuerpo de soporte (1) se dispone un anillo de anclaje (84), el cual, se extiende axialmente respecto al centroide el cuerpo de soporte (1). El resorte de expulsión (77) tiene dos extremos longitudinales, un extremo longitudinal se conecta al anillo guía (82) y el otro extremo longitudinal se conecta al anillo de anclaje (84). Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, the stage (76) has a guide ring (82) disposed at its centroid. The guide ring (82) extends axially with respect to the ring (5). On the other hand, on the front face of the section (7) of the support body (1) an anchor ring (84) is arranged, which extends axially with respect to the centroid the support body (1). The ejection spring (77) has two longitudinal ends, one longitudinal end is connected to the guide ring (82) and the other longitudinal end is connected to the anchor ring (84).
El mecanismo de expulsión axial permite empujar axialmente el aro (5) hacia afuera del cuerpo de soporte (1), en una dirección paralela a la dirección axial del aro (5). Cuando los vástagos (10) de los actuadores lineales (4) se retraen y sacan las cabezas cónicas (11) de los soportes (6) del aro (5), el resorte de expulsión (77) genera una fuerza de empuje axial que incide sobre el aro (5). Lo anterior, facilita el desmontaje de una llanta que tenga un aro (5), ya que, el mecanismo de expulsión axial empuja la llanta hacia las manos de un usuario que quiere desmontar la llanta. The axial ejection mechanism allows the ring (5) to be pushed axially out of the support body (1), in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the ring (5). When the rods (10) of the linear actuators (4) retract and remove the conical heads (11) from the hoops (6) of the ring (5), the ejection spring (77) generates an axial thrust force that impacts over the hoop (5). This facilitates the disassembly of a tire that has a ring (5), since the axial ejection mechanism pushes the tire towards the hands of a user who wants to disassemble the tire.
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), el mecanismo de expulsión axial comprende: In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), the axial ejection mechanism comprises:
seis anillos guía (82), cada anillo guía (82) ubicado en el pie de amigo de cada cartela (47) de las guías radiales (12) pertenecientes al aro (5);  six guide rings (82), each guide ring (82) located on the foot of each card (47) of the radial guides (12) belonging to the ring (5);
seis aletas rígidas (83), cada aleta rígida (83) se ubica lateralmente contigua al extremo distal de los alojamientos (2) del cuerpo de soporte (1), además, cada aleta rígida (83) tiene un anillo de anclaje (84); y  six rigid fins (83), each rigid fin (83) is located laterally adjacent to the distal end of the housings (2) of the support body (1), in addition, each rigid fin (83) has an anchor ring (84) ; Y
seis resortes de expulsión (77), cada resorte de expulsión (77) tiene dos extremos longitudinales, un extremo longitudinal se conecta a un anillo guía (82) y el otro extremo longitudinal se conecta al anillo de anclaje (84). Haciendo referencia a la FIG. 9, en una modalidad de la invención, en el extremo distal de uno de los alojamientos (2) se disponen dos aletas rígidas (83). Las aletas rígidas (83) coinciden con la cara trasera de la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1). En el centro de cada aleta rígida (83) se dispone un anillo de anclaje (84) conectado a un resorte de expulsión (77). También, el resorte de expulsión (77) se conecta a un anillo guía (82). El anillo guía (82) se ubica en la cara trasera del pie de amigo de una cartela (47). El anillo guía (82) se extiende axialmente respecto al aro (5). Six ejection springs (77), each ejection spring (77) has two longitudinal ends, one longitudinal end is connected to a guide ring (82) and the other longitudinal end is connected to the anchor ring (84). Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment of the invention, two rigid fins (83) are arranged at the distal end of one of the housings (2). The rigid fins (83) coincide with the rear face of the second section (8) of the support body (1). In the center of each rigid flap (83) an anchor ring (84) is arranged connected to an ejection spring (77). Also, the ejection spring (77) is connected to a guide ring (82). The guide ring (82) is located on the back side of the friend's foot of a cartouche (47). The guide ring (82) extends axially with respect to the ring (5).
En una modalidad de la invención, los resortes de expulsión (77) se conectan a los anillos de anclaje (84) con una unión rígida, que puede ser, soldadura convencional (métodos de soldadura aceptados por la American Welding Society), o soldadura química (adhesivos epóxicos, acrílicos). In one embodiment of the invention, the ejection springs (77) are connected to the anchor rings (84) with a rigid joint, which may be conventional welding (welding methods accepted by the American Welding Society), or chemical welding (epoxy adhesives, acrylics).
En una modalidad de la invención (no ilustrada), cada aleta rígida (83) tiene una perforación roscada que se ubica concéntricamente con el anillo de anclaje (84). Por otra parte, cada resorte de expulsión (77) se dispone concéntricamente en el anillo de anclaje (84) y se asegura con un perno que incluye una arandela de mayor diámetro que el resorte de expulsión (77). Ejemplo: Mecanismo de montaje, sujeción y desmontaje de llantas para un vehículo tipo sedan In one embodiment of the invention (not illustrated), each rigid fin (83) has a threaded bore that is concentrically located with the anchor ring (84). On the other hand, each ejection spring (77) is concentrically arranged in the anchor ring (84) and secured with a bolt that includes a washer of larger diameter than the ejection spring (77). Example: Mechanism for mounting, securing and disassembling tires for a sedan vehicle
Se diseñó y fabricó un mecanismo de montaje, sujeción y desmontaje de llantas para un vehículo tipo sedán. A tire mounting, clamping and disassembly mechanism was designed and manufactured for a sedan type vehicle.
El cuerpo de soporte ( 1 ) se conforma de una primera sección (7), y de una segunda sección (8) conectada a la primera sección (7) con tres tornillos M12xl,75. The support body (1) consists of a first section (7), and a second section (8) connected to the first section (7) with three M12xl screws, 75.
La primera sección (7) y la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1) tienen tres alojamientos (2) de sección transversal rectangular. La primera sección (7) y la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1) tienen las siguientes características: Material del cuerpo soporte (1): Aluminio The first section (7) and the second section (8) of the support body (1) have three housings (2) of rectangular cross-section. The first section (7) and the second section (8) of the support body (1) have the following characteristics: Support body material (1): Aluminum
Profundidad de los alojamientos (2): 21mm  Housing depth (2): 21mm
Ancho de los alojamientos (2): 42mm  Housing width (2): 42mm
Alto de los alojamientos (2): 68mm  Housing height (2): 68mm
Los alojamientos (2) se separan entre sí 120°. Los alojamientos (2) tienen un tope (29) ubicado en su extremo distal. El tope (29) tiene un diámetro interior de 24mm. The housings (2) separate 120 ° from each other. The housings (2) have a stop (29) located at its distal end. The stop (29) has an inside diameter of 24mm.
La sección cilindrica (53) tiene las siguientes dimensiones: The cylindrical section (53) has the following dimensions:
Diámetro de la sección cilindrica (53): 150mm  Cylindrical section diameter (53): 150mm
Ancho de la sección cilindrica (53): 25mm  Cylindrical section width (53): 25mm
La primera sección (7) del cuerpo de soporte (1) tiene una perforación cilindrica (31) ubicada en su centroide, la cual se ajusta a la guía central (32) del bocín (3). La perforación cilindrica (31) tiene un diámetro de 57mm. The first section (7) of the support body (1) has a cylindrical bore (31) located in its centroid, which conforms to the central guide (32) of the horn (3). The cylindrical bore (31) has a diameter of 57mm.
Además, la primera sección (7) tiene tres agujeros de guía (52) separados equiangularmente. a 120° Los agujeros de guía (52) son pasantes y tienen 30mm de diámetro. In addition, the first section (7) has three guide holes (52) equiangularly separated. at 120 ° The guide holes (52) are through and are 30mm in diameter.
La segunda sección (8) tiene tres protuberancias (30) tubulares separadas equiangularmente. Las protuberancias (30) son cilindros de 30mm de diámetro externo, 12mm de diámetro interno, y 42mm de largo. Además, se ubican a 50mm del centroide de la segunda sección (8). The second section (8) has three tubular protuberances (30) equiangularly separated. The protuberances (30) are cylinders of 30mm external diameter, 12mm internal diameter, and 42mm long. In addition, they are located 50mm from the centroid of the second section (8).
Los actuadores lineales (4) son cilindros hidráulicos de simple efecto que tienen las siguientes características: The linear actuators (4) are single acting hydraulic cylinders that have the following characteristics:
material de los actuadores lineales (4): Acero inoxidable AISI-304  material of the linear actuators (4): AISI-304 stainless steel
carrera de trabajo de los actuadores lineales (4): 24mm  working stroke of linear actuators (4): 24mm
diámetro del vástago (10): 23,6mm  Shank Diameter (10): 23.6mm
diámetro externo de la camisa (37): 42mm  outer diameter of the shirt (37): 42mm
diámetro interno de la camisa (37): 32mm diámetro interno de tapa sello de la camisa (37): 23,7mm diámetro externo del resorte (9): 28mm inner diameter of the shirt (37): 32mm Inner diameter of shirt seal cap (37): 23.7mm external spring diameter (9): 28mm
diámetro interno del resorte (9): 23mm  internal spring diameter (9): 23mm
constante del resorte (9): 12,26 KNm  spring constant (9): 12.26 KNm
- diámetro del sello hidráulico (38): 32mm - hydraulic seal diameter (38): 32mm
Cada actuador lineal (4) tiene una cabeza cónica (11) con un eje roscado (34) que se conecta al vástago (10) del actuador lineal (4) y tiene las siguientes dimensiones: Each linear actuator (4) has a conical head (11) with a threaded shaft (34) that connects to the rod (10) of the linear actuator (4) and has the following dimensions:
diámetro menor de la cabeza cónica (11): 25mm  smaller diameter of the conical head (11): 25mm
- diámetro mayor de la cabeza cónica (11): 30mm - larger diameter of the conical head (11): 30mm
altura de la cabeza cónica (11): 20mm  height of conical head (11): 20mm
diámetro y paso de rosca del eje roscado (34): M12xl,75  diameter and thread pitch of threaded shaft (34): M12xl, 75
El aro (5) tiene tres guías radiales (12) separadas equiangularmente, las cuales sostienen el cuerpo soporte (1). The ring (5) has three radial guides (12) equiangularly separated, which support the support body (1).
Los tres soportes (6) son tres agujeros cónicos que están separados equiangularmente en la cara interna del aro (5). Los tres soportes (6) alojan las cabezas cónicas (11) que se conectan al vástago (10) del actuador lineal (4). The three supports (6) are three conical holes that are evenly separated on the inner face of the ring (5). The three supports (6) house the conical heads (11) that are connected to the rod (10) of the linear actuator (4).
Los tres soportes (6) tienen las siguientes dimensiones: The three supports (6) have the following dimensions:
diámetro menor del soporte (6): 25mm  smaller support diameter (6): 25mm
- diámetro mayor del soporte (6): 30mm - larger diameter of the support (6): 30mm
profundidad del soporte (6): 20mm  support depth (6): 20mm
El aro (5) tiene las siguientes características: The ring (5) has the following characteristics:
material del aro (5): Aluminio  hoop material (5): Aluminum
- diámetro externo del aro (5): 330,2mm - outer ring diameter (5): 330.2mm
diámetro interno del aro (5): 275mm  inner ring diameter (5): 275mm
ancho del aro (5): 160mm ancho de las guías radiales (12): 50mm ring width (5): 160mm width of radial guides (12): 50mm
longitud de las guías radiales (12): 62mm  length of radial guides (12): 62mm
espesor de las guías radiales (12): 6mm  thickness of radial guides (12): 6mm
Cada guía (12) está sostenida estáticamente, a cada lado, por dos cartelas laterales (47). Las cartelas laterales (47) tienen las siguientes dimensiones: Each guide (12) is held statically, on each side, by two side tables (47). The side tables (47) have the following dimensions:
ancho del pie de amigo: 55mm  friend's foot width: 55mm
longitud de la superficie plana: 58mm  flat surface length: 58mm
ancho de la superficie plana: 50mm  flat surface width: 50mm
ángulo del pie de amigo: 54°  Friend's foot angle: 54 °
El bocín (3) es un cubo de un vehículo tipo sedán y tiene las siguientes características: material del bocín: Acero al carbono The horn (3) is a bucket of a sedan type vehicle and has the following characteristics: horn material: Carbon steel
diámetro del cilindro (35) del bocín (3): 140mm  diameter of the cylinder (35) of the horn (3): 140mm
diámetro externo del plato (36) del bocín (3): 240mm  external diameter of the plate (36) of the horn (3): 240mm
El bocín (3) tiene tres agujeros radiales (19) dispuestos equiangularmente. The horn (3) has three radial holes (19) arranged equiangularly.
Los tres agujeros radiales (19) son cuadrados y tienen de 50mm de lado. The three radial holes (19) are square and have 50mm sides.
El bocín (3) tiene una guía central (32) que se acopla con la perforación (31) de la segunda sección (8). La guía central (32) tiene las siguientes dimensiones: diámetro externo de la guía central (32): 57mm The horn (3) has a central guide (32) that engages with the perforation (31) of the second section (8). The central guide (32) has the following dimensions: external diameter of the central guide (32): 57mm
largo de la guía central (32); 12mm  length of the central guide (32); 12mm
El bocín (3) tiene en su cara frontal tres agujeros roscados (33) dispuestos equiangularmente alrededor de la guía central (32). The horn (3) has on its front face three threaded holes (33) arranged equiangularly around the central guide (32).
Los tres agujeros roscados (33) tienen las siguientes características: The three threaded holes (33) have the following characteristics:
diámetro agujeros roscados (33): 12mm  Threaded holes diameter (33): 12mm
especificación de la rosca agujeros roscados (33): M12 x 1,75 La unidad de presurización hidráulica (14) tiene las siguientes características: Threaded holes thread specification (33): M12 x 1.75 The hydraulic pressurization unit (14) has the following characteristics:
potencia: 0.32 HP (240 W)  Power: 0.32 HP (240 W)
voltaje de operación: 12VDC  operating voltage: 12VDC
- consumo máximo de corriente: 24Amp - maximum current consumption: 24Amp
caudal máximo: 0.82LPM  maximum flow: 0.82LPM
presión máxima de operación: 20,68MPa (3000PSI)  maximum operating pressure: 20.68MPa (3000PSI)
fluido: Aceite hidráulico ISO 150. El cuerpo fijo (15) tiene las siguientes dimensiones:  fluid: ISO 150 hydraulic oil. The fixed body (15) has the following dimensions:
diámetro externo del cuerpo fijo (15): 1 16mm  external diameter of the fixed body (15): 1 16mm
diámetro interno del cuerpo fijo (15): 61,5mm  internal diameter of the fixed body (15): 61.5mm
diámetro del espacio cilindrico (48): 1 10mm  diameter of the cylindrical space (48): 1 10mm
profundidad del espacio cilindrico (48): 13mm  depth of cylindrical space (48): 13mm
- diámetro mayor del primer canal (41): 76,5mm - larger diameter of the first channel (41): 76.5mm
diámetro menor del primer canal (41): 66,5mm  smaller diameter of the first channel (41): 66.5mm
profundidad del primer canal (41): 12mm  first channel depth (41): 12mm
El cuerpo móvil ( 16) está compuesto por dos secciones cilindricas escalonadas, en el que la sección cilindrica superior (51) permite conectar los racores de distribución radial (40) con los actuadores lineales (4) a través de las tuberías (49) y la sección cilindrica inferior (50) sostiene y fija internamente el rodamiento (18); y, a su vez, contiene el segundo canal (42). El cuerpo móvil (16) tiene las siguientes dimensiones: The movable body (16) is composed of two staggered cylindrical sections, in which the upper cylindrical section (51) allows connecting the radial distribution fittings (40) with the linear actuators (4) through the pipes (49) and the lower cylindrical section (50) supports and fixes the bearing internally (18); and, in turn, contains the second channel (42). The mobile body (16) has the following dimensions:
diámetro de la sección cilindrica superior (51): 97mm  diameter of the upper cylindrical section (51): 97mm
ancho de la sección cilindrica superior (51): 12mm  width of the upper cylindrical section (51): 12mm
diámetro de la sección cilindrica inferior (50): 85mm  diameter of the lower cylindrical section (50): 85mm
ancho de la sección cilindrica inferior (50): 13mm  width of the lower cylindrical section (50): 13mm
- diámetro de la tubería (49): 3mm - pipe diameter (49): 3mm
ancho del segundo canal (42): 5mm  width of the second channel (42): 5mm
profundidad del segundo canal (42): 20mm El mecanismo de seguridad se conforma de: second channel depth (42): 20mm The safety mechanism consists of:
una batería (54) de 12VDC y 560Amp;  a battery (54) of 12VDC and 560Amp;
un interruptor de encendido (55) con un contacto normalmente abierto (NA), un interruptor de seguridad (56) conectado al freno de mano del vehículo, el interruptor de seguridad (56) tiene un contacto normalmente abierto (NA), cuando se activa el freno de mano, el contacto NA envía una señal a una entrada del dispositivo de control (58);  an ignition switch (55) with a normally open contact (NA), a safety switch (56) connected to the vehicle's handbrake, the safety switch (56) has a normally open contact (NA), when activated the handbrake, the NO contact sends a signal to an input of the control device (58);
un dispositivo de mando (57) con 433mHz de frecuencia, el cual opera con 12V; un dispositivo de control (58) que es un PLC circuito integrado, de 6 entradas y al menos 4 salidas, el cual opera a 12VDC;  a control device (57) with a 433mHz frequency, which operates with 12V; a control device (58) which is an integrated circuit PLC, with 6 inputs and at least 4 outputs, which operates at 12VDC;
un control remoto (67) conectado vía radio al dispositivo de mando (57), el control remoto (67) tiene cuatro botones, cada botón está asociado con un mecanismo de montaje, sujeción y desmontaje de llantas, el control remoto (67) tiene un alcance máximo de 10m;  a remote control (67) connected via radio to the control device (57), the remote control (67) has four buttons, each button is associated with a tire mounting, clamping and disassembly mechanism, the remote control (67) has a maximum range of 10m;
una primera electroválvula (72) con una primera bobina (68), una segunda electroválvula (73) con una primera bobina (69), una tercera electroválvula (74) con una tercera bobina (70), y una cuarta electroválvula (75) con una primera bobina (71), cada electroválvula es una válvula 3/2 monoestable con retroceso por resorte con una presión de operación de entre Obar y 2,5bar. Además, cada bobina de cada electroválvula opera a 12VCC.  a first solenoid valve (72) with a first coil (68), a second solenoid valve (73) with a first coil (69), a third solenoid valve (74) with a third coil (70), and a fourth solenoid valve (75) with A first coil (71), each solenoid valve is a monostable 3/2 valve with spring return with an operating pressure between Obar and 2.5bar. In addition, each coil of each solenoid valve operates at 12VDC.
El mecanismo de expulsión axial tiene: The axial ejection mechanism has:
seis anillos guía (82), cada anillo guía (82) tenía un diámetro interno de 10mm, un espesor de 3mm, y un largo de 5mm;  six guide rings (82), each guide ring (82) had an internal diameter of 10mm, a thickness of 3mm, and a length of 5mm;
seis aletas rígidas (83), cada aleta rígida es una placa cuadrada de acero al carbono de 6,35mm 0,25plg) de espesor, de 19mm de lado, cada aleta rígida (83) está unida mediante soldadura al extremo distal de un alojamiento (2), sobre la segunda sección (8) del cuerpo de soporte (1);  six rigid fins (83), each rigid fin is a square plate of 6.35mm 0.25plg carbon steel, 19mm thick, each rigid fin (83) is welded to the distal end of a housing (2), on the second section (8) of the support body (1);
- seis resortes de expulsión (77) de acero AISI 4140, con 50mm de longitud natural, 10mm de diámetro externo y una constante elástica de 500N/m; seis anillos de anclaje (84), cada anillo se anclaje (84) tenía un diámetro interno de 10mm, un espesor de 3mm, y un largo de 5mm; - six ejection springs (77) of AISI 4140 steel, with 50mm of natural length, 10mm of external diameter and an elastic constant of 500N / m; six anchor rings (84), each anchor ring (84) had an internal diameter of 10mm, a thickness of 3mm, and a length of 5mm;
seis uniones roscadas, cada unión roscada conformada por un tornillo M6x0,75, una arandela con un diámetro interno de 7mm y un diámetro externo de 10mm, y por una perforación roscada ubicada en cada aleta rígida (83).  six threaded joints, each threaded joint consisting of an M6x0.75 screw, a washer with an internal diameter of 7mm and an external diameter of 10mm, and a threaded bore located on each rigid fin (83).
Se debe entender que la presente invención no se halla limitada a las modalidades descritas e ilustradas, y la persona versada en la técnica entenderá que pueden efectuarse numerosas variaciones y modificaciones que no se apartan del espíritu de la invención, el cual solo se encuentra definido por las siguientes reivindicaciones. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the modalities described and illustrated, and the person skilled in the art will understand that numerous variations and modifications can be made that do not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is only defined by The following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un mecanismo de sujeción, desmontaje y montaje de llantas de un vehículo que comprende: 1. A mechanism for fastening, disassembling and mounting tires of a vehicle comprising:
a. un cuerpo de soporte (1) con una sección cilindrica (53) sobre la cual se ubican tres alojamientos (2) separados equiangularmente, el cuerpo de soporte (1) se ensambla en un bocín (3) del vehículo mediante medios de fijación (27); b. tres actuadores lineales (4), cada actuador lineal (4) tiene un vástago (10) y una camisa (47), cada camisa (47) se dispone en un alojamiento (2);  to. a support body (1) with a cylindrical section (53) on which three housings (2) are located equiangularly separated, the support body (1) is assembled in a horn (3) of the vehicle by means of fixing means (27 ); b. three linear actuators (4), each linear actuator (4) has a rod (10) and a jacket (47), each shirt (47) is arranged in a housing (2);
c. un aro (5) con tres soportes (6) separados equiangularmente, el aro (5) se ensambla operacionalmente con los actuadores lineales (4) de tal manera que el extremo distal de cada vástago (10) se inserta en un soporte (6); y,  C. a ring (5) with three supports (6) equiangularly separated, the ring (5) is operatively assembled with the linear actuators (4) such that the distal end of each rod (10) is inserted into a support (6) ; Y,
d. una unidad de potencia (13) conectada con los actuadores lineales (4), la unidad de potencia (13) suministra un fluido que entra a los actuadores lineales (4) y permite el desplazamiento de los vástagos (10).  d. A power unit (13) connected to the linear actuators (4), the power unit (13) supplies a fluid that enters the linear actuators (4) and allows the displacement of the rods (10).
2. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, donde el cuerpo de soporte (1) se conforma de una primera sección (7) y una segunda sección (8) conectada a la primera sección (7) con medios de fijación (27), las secciones dividen los alojamientos (2), cada sección tiene una sección cilindrica (53) sobre la cual se ubican cada una de divisiones de los alojamientos (2). 2. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the support body (1) is formed of a first section (7) and a second section (8) connected to the first section (7) with fixing means (27), sections divide the housings (2), each section has a cylindrical section (53) on which each of the divisions of the housings (2) are located.
3. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los actuadores lineales (4) son actuadores de simple efecto, cada actuador tiene un resorte (9) dispuesto entre la camisa (47) y el vástago (10). 3. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the linear actuators (4) are single acting actuators, each actuator has a spring (9) disposed between the sleeve (47) and the stem (10).
4. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los soportes (6) del aro (5) son agujeros cónicos, y cada actuador lineal (4) tiene un vástago (10) con una cabeza cónica (11) ubicada en el extremo distal del vástago, cada cabeza cónica (11) se ensambla en un agujero cónico. 4. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the supports (6) of the ring (5) are tapered holes, and each linear actuator (4) has a rod (10) with a conical head (11) located at the distal end of the stem, each conical head (11) is assembled in a conical hole.
5. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el aro (5) tiene tres guías radiales (12) separadas equiangularmente, y dispuestas de manera paralela a los soportes (6). 5. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the ring (5) has three radial guides (12) equiangularly separated, and arranged parallel to the supports (6).
6. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los actuadores lineales (4) son actuadores de accionamiento electromagnético. 6. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the linear actuators (4) are electromagnetic actuators.
7. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de: 7. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the power unit (13) is comprised of:
- un mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14);  - a hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14);
un cuerpo fijo (15) conectado al mecanismo de presurización hidráulica (14) mediante una tubería rígida;  a fixed body (15) connected to the hydraulic pressurization mechanism (14) by a rigid pipe;
un cuerpo móvil (16) conectado al bocín (3) y conectado a un eje (45) del vehículo, el cuerpo móvil (16) tiene puertos de conexión (17), cada puerto de conexión (17) se conecta a un actuador lineal (4); y,  a mobile body (16) connected to the horn (3) and connected to an axle (45) of the vehicle, the mobile body (16) has connection ports (17), each connection port (17) is connected to a linear actuator (4); Y,
un rodamiento (18) dispuesto concéntricamente entre el cuerpo fijo (15) y el cuerpo móvil (16)  a bearing (18) concentrically arranged between the fixed body (15) and the mobile body (16)
donde, el eje (45), el cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran solidariamente. where, the shaft (45), the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
8. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque incluye un mecanismo de expulsión axial conectado entre el aro (5) y el cuerpo de soporte (1), el mecanismo de expulsión axial incluye: 8. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that it includes an axial ejection mechanism connected between the ring (5) and the support body (1), the axial ejection mechanism includes:
un anillo guía (82) conectado al aro (5) y dispuesto axialmente respecto al aro (5); - un anillo de anclaje (84) ubicado sobre la cara frontal del cuerpo de soporte (1); y un resorte de expulsión (77) con dos extremos longitudinales, un extremo longitudinal se conecta al anillo guía (82) y el otro extremo longitudinal se conecta al anillo de anclaje (84).  a guide ring (82) connected to the ring (5) and arranged axially with respect to the ring (5); - an anchor ring (84) located on the front face of the support body (1); and an ejection spring (77) with two longitudinal ends, one longitudinal end is connected to the guide ring (82) and the other longitudinal end is connected to the anchor ring (84).
9. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la unidad de potencia (13) se conforma de: un cuerpo fijo (15) conectado a un vehículo mediante una tubería rígida, el cuerpo fijo (15) tiene escobillas positivas (20) y escobillas negativas (21) conectadas a una fuente de potencia eléctrica (22); y 9. The mechanism of Claim 1, wherein the power unit (13) is comprised of: a fixed body (15) connected to a vehicle by a rigid pipe, the fixed body (15) has positive brushes (20) and negative brushes (21) connected to a source of electrical power (22); Y
un cuerpo móvil (16) con:  a mobile body (16) with:
una base aislante (23) conectada al bocín (3) y conectada a un eje (45) del vehículo;  an insulating base (23) connected to the horn (3) and connected to an axle (45) of the vehicle;
un primer anillo (24) dispuesto concéntricamente contiguo a la base aislante (23), y conectado operacionalmente con una de las escobillas del cuerpo fijo (15);  a first ring (24) arranged concentrically adjacent to the insulating base (23), and operationally connected with one of the brushes of the fixed body (15);
un anillo aislante (25) dispuesto concéntricamente encima del primer anillo (24); y  an insulating ring (25) concentrically arranged above the first ring (24); Y
un segundo anillo (26) dispuesto concéntricamente encima del anillo aislante (25) y conectado con una de las escobillas del cuerpo fijo (15); y, un rodamiento (18) dispuesto concéntricamente entre la base aislante (23) y el cuerpo fijo (15);  a second ring (26) concentrically arranged above the insulating ring (25) and connected to one of the brushes of the fixed body (15); and, a bearing (18) concentrically disposed between the insulating base (23) and the fixed body (15);
donde, el eje (45), el cuerpo móvil (16), el bocín (3), el cuerpo de soporte (1), los actuadores lineales (4) y el aro (5) giran de manera solidaria. where, the shaft (45), the movable body (16), the horn (3), the support body (1), the linear actuators (4) and the ring (5) rotate in solidarity.
10. El mecanismo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la unidad de potencia (13) tiene un mecanismo de seguridad conectado a cada actuador lineal (4), al freno de mano de un vehículo, y a la batería (54) de un vehículo, el mecanismo de seguridad se conforma de: 10. The mechanism of Claim 1, characterized in that the power unit (13) has a safety mechanism connected to each linear actuator (4), to the handbrake of a vehicle, and to the battery (54) of a vehicle, The safety mechanism consists of:
un elemento de accionamiento conectado a cada actuador lineal (4); - un primer interruptor (56) conectado al freno de mano del vehículo; y un dispositivo de control (58) conectado operacionalmente a los elementos de accionamiento, al primer interruptor (58) y a la batería (54).  a drive element connected to each linear actuator (4); - a first switch (56) connected to the handbrake of the vehicle; and a control device (58) operationally connected to the drive elements, the first switch (58) and the battery (54).
PCT/IB2017/054227 2016-07-21 2017-07-12 Mechanism for securing, removing and installing vehicle tyres WO2018015846A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CO16000084 2016-07-21
CONC2016/0000084 2016-07-21

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348593A (en) * 1965-08-16 1967-10-24 Eugene W Turpin Clamping apparatus for open center tire rims
KR20050019247A (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-03-03 현대자동차주식회사 One touch type tire mounting device
JP2006076545A (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Toyota Motor Corp Wheel mounting and dismounting auxiliary device
WO2009004112A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Indovinare Oy Wheel mounting mechanism

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3348593A (en) * 1965-08-16 1967-10-24 Eugene W Turpin Clamping apparatus for open center tire rims
KR20050019247A (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-03-03 현대자동차주식회사 One touch type tire mounting device
JP2006076545A (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Toyota Motor Corp Wheel mounting and dismounting auxiliary device
WO2009004112A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Indovinare Oy Wheel mounting mechanism

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