WO2018014044A1 - Dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques - Google Patents

Dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018014044A1
WO2018014044A1 PCT/US2017/042466 US2017042466W WO2018014044A1 WO 2018014044 A1 WO2018014044 A1 WO 2018014044A1 US 2017042466 W US2017042466 W US 2017042466W WO 2018014044 A1 WO2018014044 A1 WO 2018014044A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
relay
devices
relay element
energy device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/042466
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan Sean KARAFIN
Brendan Elwood BEVENSEE
Original Assignee
Light Field Lab, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2017/042276 external-priority patent/WO2018014010A1/fr
Application filed by Light Field Lab, Inc. filed Critical Light Field Lab, Inc.
Priority to AU2017297625A priority Critical patent/AU2017297625B2/en
Priority to NZ743821A priority patent/NZ743821B/en
Priority to CA3030873A priority patent/CA3030873A1/fr
Priority to EP17828628.2A priority patent/EP3485354A4/fr
Priority to US16/063,976 priority patent/US10551628B2/en
Publication of WO2018014044A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018014044A1/fr
Priority to US16/713,846 priority patent/US10989869B2/en
Priority to US17/239,918 priority patent/US11726256B2/en
Priority to US18/211,826 priority patent/US20230408757A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/10—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images using integral imaging methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/344—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] with head-mounted left-right displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to head-mounted displays, and more specifically, to high-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays.
  • a head-mounted display system includes: one or more energy devices; one or more energy relay elements, each having a first surface and a second surface, where the first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices; where the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface; where a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface; where a first aperture has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, and a second aperture has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region; and an energy inhibiting element configured to substantially allows energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • each of the second surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where both of the first energy device and the second energy device include displays, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where both of the first energy device and the second energy device include energy sensing devices, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where the first energy device includes a display and the second energy device include an energy sensing device, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the system further includes an additional waveguide element configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first aperture, the second aperture, or both the first and second apertures.
  • the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first field of view, the second field of view, or both the first and second fields of view.
  • the system further includes an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
  • the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
  • the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
  • the additional energy source includes at least one of a portion of ambient energy, energy from the one or more energy devices, energy from non-energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements includes first and second structures, the first structure having a first refractive index and a first engineered property, the second structure having a second refractive index and a second engineered property, and where each of the one or more energy relay elements includes randomized refractive index variability of the first refractive index and the second refractive index, and randomized engineering properties of the first engineered property and the second engineered property such that energy propagating therethrough have higher transport efficiency in a longitudinal orientation versus a transverse orientation due to the randomized refractive index variability and the randomized engineering properties.
  • a head-mounted display system includes: an energy assembly having at least one energy device; and a relay assembly having: at least one energy relay element, the energy relay element having first and second structures, the first structure having a first refractive index and a first engineered property, the second structure having a second refractive index and a second engineered property, the energy relay element having randomized refractive index variability of the first refractive index and the second refractive index, and randomized engineering properties of the first engineered property and the second engineered property such that energy propagating therethrough have higher transport efficiency in a longitudinal orientation versus a transverse orientation due to the randomized refractive index variability and the randomized engineering properties; and where the energy relay element is configured to direct energy along energy propagation paths between a surface of the energy relay element and the energy device.
  • the energy relay element includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • the energy relay element can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • the energy assembly includes a first energy device and a second energy device spaced from each other, the relay assembly includes a first energy relay element and a second energy relay element spaced from each other, where the first energy relay element is configured to direct energy along a first energy propagation path between a first surface of the first energy relay element and the first energy device, and where the second energy relay element is configured to direct energy along a second energy propagation path between a first surface of the second energy relay element and the second energy device.
  • both of the first energy device and the second energy device include displays, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between the first surface of the first energy relay element and the first energy device, and the first surface of the second energy relay element and the second energy device.
  • both of the first energy device and the second energy device include energy sensing devices, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between the first surface of the first energy relay element and the first energy device, and the first surface of the second energy relay element and the second energy device.
  • the first energy device includes a display and the second energy device includes an energy sensing device, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between the first surface of the first energy relay element and the first energy device, and the first surface of the second energy relay element and the second energy device.
  • the system further includes an additional waveguide element configured to substantially alter the direction of energy along an alternate energy propagation path.
  • the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases a field of view of the energy along the energy propagation path.
  • the system further includes an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation path between the surface of the energy relay element and the energy device, and the second input surface disposed in additional energy propagation path of an additional energy source.
  • the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
  • the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
  • the additional energy source includes at least a portion of ambient energy, energy from the at least one energy device, energy from non- energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
  • a head-mounted display system includes: one or more energy devices; one or more energy relay elements, each having a first surface and a second surface, where the first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices; where the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface; where a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface; where a first aperture has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, and a second aperture has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region.
  • the system also includes an energy inhibiting element configured to substantially allows energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures; and an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • each of the second surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where both of the first energy device and the second energy device include displays, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where both of the first energy device and the second energy device include energy sensing devices, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the one or more energy devices include a first energy device and a second energy device, where the first energy device includes a display and the second energy device include an energy sensing device, and where the system further comprises an energy combining element configured to relay energy between each of the first energy device and the second energy device, and the first surface of the energy relay element.
  • the system further includes an additional waveguide element configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first aperture, the second aperture, or both the first and second apertures.
  • the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first field of view, the second field of view, or both the first and second fields of view.
  • the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
  • the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
  • the additional energy source includes at least one of a portion of ambient energy, energy from the one or more energy devices, energy from non-energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements includes first and second structures, the first structure having a first refractive index and a first engineered property, the second structure having a second refractive index and a second engineered property, and where each of the one or more energy relay elements includes randomized refractive index variability of the first refractive index and the second refractive index, and randomized engineering properties of the first engineered property and the second engineered property such that energy propagating therethrough have higher transport efficiency in a longitudinal orientation versus a transverse orientation due to the randomized refractive index variability and the randomized engineering properties.
  • the system further includes an array of energy waveguides configured to direct energy therethrough along the energy propagation paths, where the energy waveguides of the array are located at different spatial coordinates, and each energy waveguide directs energy from the respective spatial coordinate to the energy propagation paths along different directions according to a 4D plenoptic function.
  • the system further includes an energy modulation element disposed between the energy combining element and the single seamless energy surface, the energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating design parameters for an energy directing system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an energy system having an active device area with a mechanical envelope
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an energy relay system
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of energy relay elements adhered together and fastened to a base structure
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a relayed image through multi-core optical fibers
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a relayed image through an optical relay that exhibits the properties of the Transverse Anderson Localization principle
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing rays propagated from an energy surface to a viewer
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of two displays that exceed the field of view (FOV) of the viewer and provides higher resolution than possible with other contemporary technologies, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a system having an energy assembly having at least one energy device, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a system having an energy assembly having a plurality of energy devices and a relay element, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a head-mounted display (HMD) system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a head-mounted display (HMD) system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a head-mounted display (HMD) system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • HMD head-mounted display
  • Holodeck Design An embodiment of a Holodeck (collectively called "Holodeck Design
  • Parameters provide sufficient energy stimulus to fool the human sensory receptors into believing that received energy impulses within a virtual, social and interactive environment are real, providing: 1) binocular disparity without external accessories, head-mounted eyewear, or other peripherals; 2) accurate motion parallax, occlusion and opacity throughout a viewing volume simultaneously for any number of viewers; 3) visual focus through synchronous convergence, accommodation and miosis of the eye for all perceived rays of light; and 4) converging energy wave propagation of sufficient density and resolution to exceed the human sensory "resolution" for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and/or balance.
  • the terms light field and holographic may be used interchangeably to define the energy propagation for stimulation of any sensory receptor response. While initial disclosures may refer to examples of energy and mechanical energy propagation through energy surfaces for holographic imagery and volumetric haptics, all forms of sensory receptors are envisioned in this disclosure. Furthermore, the principles disclosed herein for energy propagation along propagation paths may be applicable to both energy emission and energy capture.
  • the human acuity of each of the respective systems is studied and understood to propagate energy waves to sufficiently fool the human sensory receptors.
  • the visual system is capable of resolving to approximately 1 arc min
  • the auditory system may distinguish the difference in placement as little as three degrees
  • the somatosensory system at the hands are capable of discerning points separated by 2 - 12mm. While there are various and conflicting ways to measure these acuities, these values are sufficient to understand the systems and methods to stimulate perception of energy propagation.
  • a desired energy surface may be designed to include many gigapixels of effective energy location density.
  • the design parameters of a desired energy surface may include hundreds of gigapixels or more of effective energy location density.
  • a desired energy source may be designed to have 1 to 250 effective megapixels of energy location density for ultrasonic propagation of volumetric haptics or an array of 36 to 3,600 effective energy locations for acoustic propagation of holographic sound depending on input environmental variables.
  • all components may be configured to form the appropriate structures for any energy domain to enable holographic propagation.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein may provide a real-world path to building the Holodeck.
  • Example embodiments will now be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which illustrate example embodiments which may be practiced.
  • the terms “embodiment”, “example embodiment”, and “exemplary embodiment” do not necessarily refer to a single embodiment, although they may, and various example embodiments may be readily combined and interchanged, without departing from the scope or spirit of example embodiments.
  • the terminology as used herein is for the purpose of describing example embodiments only and is not intended to be limitations.
  • the term “in” may include “in” and “on”, and the terms "a,” “an” and “the” may include singular and plural references.
  • the term “by” may also mean “from”, depending on the context.
  • the term “if” may also mean “when” or “upon,” depending on the context.
  • the words “and/or” may refer to and encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
  • Light field and holographic display is the result of a plurality of projections where energy surface locations provide angular, color and intensity information propagated within a viewing volume.
  • the disclosed energy surface provides opportunities for additional information to coexist and propagate through the same surface to induce other sensory system responses.
  • the viewed position of the converged energy propagation paths in space do not vary as the viewer moves around the viewing volume and any number of viewers may simultaneously see propagated objects in real-world space as if it was truly there.
  • the propagation of energy may be located in the same energy propagation path but in opposite directions. For example, energy emission and energy capture along an energy propagation path are both possible in some embodiments of the present disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating variables relevant for stimulation of sensory receptor response. These variables may include surface diagonal 101, surface width 102, surface height 103, a determined target seating distance 118, the target seating field of view field of view from the center of the display 104, the number of intermediate samples demonstrated here as samples between the eyes 105, the average adult inter-ocular separation 106, the average resolution of the human eye in arcmin 107, the horizontal field of view formed between the target viewer location and the surface width 108, the vertical field of view formed between the target viewer location and the surface height 109, the resultant horizontal waveguide element resolution, or total number of elements, across the surface 110, the resultant vertical waveguide element resolution, or total number of elements, across the surface 111, the sample distance based upon the inter-ocular spacing between the eyes and the number of intermediate samples for angular projection between the eyes 112, the angular sampling may be based upon the sample distance and the target seating distance 113, the total resolution Horizontal per waveguide element derived from the angular sampling desired
  • a method to understand the desired minimum resolution may be based upon the following criteria to ensure sufficient stimulation of visual (or other) sensory receptor response: surface size (e.g., 84" diagonal), surface aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9), seating distance (e.g., 128" from the display), seating field of view (e.g., 120 degrees or +/- 60 degrees about the center of the display), desired intermediate samples at a distance (e.g., one additional propagation path between the eyes), the average inter-ocular separation of an adult (approximately 65mm), and the average resolution of the human eye (approximately 1 arcmin).
  • surface size e.g., 84" diagonal
  • surface aspect ratio e.g., 16:9
  • seating distance e.g., 128" from the display
  • seating field of view e.g., 120 degrees or +/- 60 degrees about the center of the display
  • desired intermediate samples at a distance e.g., one additional propagation path between the eyes
  • each of the values attributed to the visual sensory receptors may be replaced with other systems to determine desired propagation path parameters.
  • the auditory system's angular sensitivity as low as three degrees
  • the somatosensory system's spatial resolution of the hands as small as 2 - 12mm.
  • the total energy waveguide element density may be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot discern a single energy waveguide element from an adjacent element, given:
  • the inter-ocular distance is leveraged to calculate the sample distance although any metric may be leveraged to account for appropriate number of samples as a given distance.
  • any metric may be leveraged to account for appropriate number of samples as a given distance.
  • the resultant energy surface may desirably include approximately 400k x 225k pixels of energy resolution locations, or 90 gigapixels holographic propagation density. These variables provided are for exemplary purposes only and many other sensory and energy metrology considerations should be considered for the optimization of holographic propagation of energy. In an additional embodiment, 1 gigapixel of energy resolution locations may be desired based upon the input variables. In an additional embodiment, 1,000 gigapixels of energy resolution locations may be desired based upon the input variables.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a device 200 having an active area 220 with a certain mechanical form factor.
  • the device 200 may include drivers 230 and electronics 240 for powering and interface to the active area 220, the active area having a dimension as shown by the x and y arrows.
  • This device 200 does not take into account the cabling and mechanical structures to drive, power and cool components, and the mechanical footprint may be further minimized by introducing a flex cable into the device 200.
  • the minimum footprint for such a device 200 may also be referred to as a mechanical envelope 210 having a dimension as shown by the M:x and M:y arrows.
  • This device 200 is for illustration purposes only and custom electronics designs may further decrease the mechanical envelope overhead, but in almost all cases may not be the exact size of the active area of the device.
  • this device 200 illustrates the dependency of electronics as it relates to active image area 220 for a micro OLED, DLP chip or LCD panel, or any other technology with the purpose of image illumination.
  • approximately 105 x 105 devices similar to those shown in FIG. 2 may be desired. It should be noted that many devices consist of various pixel structures that may or may not map to a regular grid. In the event that there are additional sub-pixels or locations within each full pixel, these may be exploited to generate additional resolution or angular density. Additional signal processing may be used to determine how to convert the light field into the correct (u,v) coordinates depending on the specified location of the pixel structure(s) and can be an explicit characteristic of each device that is known and calibrated. Further, other energy domains may involve a different handling of these ratios and device structures, and those skilled in the art will understand the direct intrinsic relationship between each of the desired frequency domains. This will be shown and discussed in more detail in subsequent disclosure.
  • the resulting calculation may be used to understand how many of these individual devices may be desired to produce a full resolution energy surface. In this case, approximately 105 x 105 or approximately 11,080 devices may be desired to achieve the visual acuity threshold.
  • the challenge and novelty exists within the fabrication of a seamless energy surface from these available energy locations for sufficient sensory holographic propagation.
  • an energy propagating relay system may allow for an increase the effective size of the active device area to meet or exceed the mechanical dimensions to configure an array of relays and form a singular seamless energy surface.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of such an energy relay system 300.
  • the relay system 300 may include a device 310 mounted to a mechanical envelope 320, with an energy relay element 330 propagating energy from the device 310.
  • the relay element 330 may be configured to provide the ability to mitigate any gaps 340 that may be produced when multiple mechanical envelopes 320 of the device are placed into an array of multiple devices 310.
  • an energy relay element 330 may be designed with a magnification of 2: 1 to produce a tapered form that is approximately 20mm x 10mm on a minified end (arrow A) and 40mm x 20mm on a magnified end (arrow B), providing the ability to align an array of these elements 330 together seamlessly without altering or colliding with the mechanical envelope 320 of each device 310.
  • the relay elements 330 may be bonded or fused together to align and polish ensuring minimal seam gap 340 between devices 310. In one such embodiment, it is possible to achieve a seam gap 340 smaller than the visual acuity limit of the eye.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a base structure 400 having energy relay elements 410 formed together and securely fastened to an additional mechanical structure 430.
  • the mechanical structure of the seamless energy surface 420 provides the ability to couple multiple energy relay elements 410, 450 in series to the same base structure through bonding or other mechanical processes to mount relay elements 410, 450.
  • each relay element 410 may be fused, bonded, adhered, pressure fit, aligned or otherwise attached together to form the resultant seamless energy surface 420.
  • a device 480 may be mounted to the rear of the relay element 410 and aligned passively or actively to ensure appropriate energy location alignment within the determined tolerance is maintained.
  • the seamless energy surface comprises one or more energy locations and one or more energy relay element stacks comprise a first and second side and each energy relay element stack is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface directing energy along propagation paths extending between one or more energy locations and the seamless energy surface, and where the separation between the edges of any two adjacent second sides of the terminal energy relay elements is less than the minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance greater than the width of the singular seamless energy surface.
  • each of the seamless energy surfaces comprise one or more energy relay elements each with one or more structures forming a first and second surface with a transverse and longitudinal orientation.
  • the first relay surface has an area different than the second resulting in positive or negative magnification and configured with explicit surface contours for both the first and second surfaces passing energy through the second relay surface to substantially fill a +/- 10 degree angle with respect to the normal of the surface contour across the entire second relay surface.
  • multiple energy domains may be configured within a single, or between multiple energy relays to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.
  • the seamless energy surface is configured with energy relays that comprise two or more first sides for each second side to both receive and emit one or more energy domains simultaneously to provide bi-directional energy propagation throughout the system.
  • the energy relays are provided as loose coherent elements.
  • Transverse Anderson Localization is the propagation of a ray transported through a transversely disordered but longitudinally consistent material.
  • Localization phenomena may be less impacted by total internal reflection than by the randomization between multiple- scattering paths where wave interference can completely limit the propagation in the transverse orientation while continuing in the longitudinal orientation.
  • the cladding is to functionally eliminate the scatter of energy between fibers, but simultaneously act as a barrier to rays of energy thereby reducing transmission by at least the core to clad ratio (e.g., a core to clad ratio of 70:30 will transmit at best 70% of received energy transmission) and additionally forms a strong pixelated patterning in the propagated energy.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates an end view of an example of one such non-Anderson
  • Localization energy relay 500 wherein an image is relayed through multi-core optical fibers where pixilation and fiber noise may be exhibited due to the intrinsic properties of the optical fibers.
  • relayed images may be intrinsically pixelated due to the properties of total internal reflection of the discrete array of cores where any cross-talk between cores will reduce the modulation transfer function and increase blurring.
  • the resulting imagery produced with traditional multi-core optical fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern similar to those shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates an example of the same relayed image 550 through an energy relay comprising materials that exhibit the properties of Transverse Anderson Localization, where the relayed pattern has a greater density grain structures as compared to the fixed fiber pattern from FIG. 5A.
  • relays comprising randomized microscopic component engineered structures induce Transverse Anderson Localization and transport light more efficiently with higher propagation of resolvable resolution than commercially available multi-mode glass optical fibers.
  • Localization may comprise a plurality of at least two different component engineered structures in each of three orthogonal planes arranged in a dimensional lattice and the plurality of structures form randomized distributions of material wave propagation properties in a transverse plane within the dimensional lattice and channels of similar values of material wave propagation properties in a longitudinal plane within the dimensional lattice, wherein localized energy waves propagating through the energy relay have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation.
  • multiple energy domains may be configured within a single, or between multiple Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.
  • the seamless energy surface is configured with
  • Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays that comprise two or more first sides for each second side to both receive and emit one or more energy domains simultaneously to provide bi-directional energy propagation throughout the system.
  • the Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays are configured as loose coherent or flexible energy relay elements.
  • a light field display system generally includes an energy source (e.g., illumination source) and a seamless energy surface configured with sufficient energy location density as articulated in the above discussion.
  • a plurality of relay elements may be used to relay energy from the energy devices to the seamless energy surface.
  • the energy can be propagated in accordance with a 4D plenoptic function through a disclosed energy waveguide system.
  • a 4D plenoptic function is well known in the art and will not be elaborated further herein.
  • the energy waveguide system selectively propagates energy through a plurality of energy locations along the seamless energy surface representing the spatial coordinate of the 4D plenoptic function with a structure configured to alter an angular direction of the energy waves passing through representing the angular component of the 4D plenoptic function, wherein the energy waves propagated may converge in space in accordance with a plurality of propagation paths directed by the 4D plenoptic function.
  • FIG. 6 illustrating an example of light field energy surface in 4D image space in accordance with a 4D plenoptic function.
  • the figure shows ray traces of an energy surface 600 to a viewer 620 in describing how the rays of energy converge in space 630 from various positions within the viewing volume.
  • each waveguide element 610 defines four dimensions of information describing energy propagation 640 through the energy surface 600.
  • Two spatial dimensions (herein referred to as x and y) are the physical plurality of energy locations that can be viewed in image space, and the angular components theta and phi (herein referred to as u and v), which is viewed in virtual space when projected through the energy waveguide array.
  • the plurality of waveguides are able to direct an energy location from the x, y dimension to a unique location in virtual space, along a direction defined by the u, v angular component, in forming the holographic or light field system described herein.
  • an approach to selective energy propagation for addressing challenges associated with holographic display may include energy inhibiting elements and substantially filling waveguide apertures with near-collimated energy into an environment defined by a 4D plenoptic function.
  • an array of energy waveguides may define a plurality of energy propagation paths for each waveguide element configured to extend through and substantially fill the waveguide element's effective aperture in unique directions defined by a prescribed 4D function to a plurality of energy locations along a seamless energy surface inhibited by one or more elements positioned to limit propagation of each energy location to only pass through a single waveguide element.
  • multiple energy domains may be configured within a single, or between multiple energy waveguides to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagations including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.
  • the energy waveguides and seamless energy surface are configured to both receive and emit one or more energy domains to provide bi-directional energy propagation throughout the system.
  • the energy waveguides are configured to propagate nonlinear or non-regular distributions of energy, including non-transmitting void regions, leveraging digitally encoded, diffractive, refractive, reflective, grin, holographic, Fresnel, or the like waveguide configurations for any seamless energy surface orientation including wall, table, floor, ceiling, room, or other geometry based environments.
  • an energy waveguide element may be configured to produce various geometries that provide any surface profile and/or tabletop viewing allowing users to view holographic imagery from all around the energy surface in a 360-degree configuration.
  • the energy waveguide array elements may be reflective surfaces and the arrangement of the elements may be hexagonal, square, irregular, semi- regular, curved, non-planar, spherical, cylindrical, tilted regular, tilted irregular, spatially varying and/or multi-layered.
  • waveguide, or relay components may include, but not limited to, optical fiber, silicon, glass, polymer, optical relays, diffractive, holographic, refractive, or reflective elements, optical face plates, energy combiners, beam splitters, prisms, polarization elements, spatial light modulators, active pixels, liquid crystal cells, transparent displays, or any similar materials exhibiting Anderson localization or total internal reflection.
  • Each energy surface system may comprise an assembly having a base structure, energy surface, relays, waveguide, devices, and electronics, collectively configured for bi-directional holographic energy propagation, emission, reflection, or sensing.
  • an environment of tiled seamless energy systems are aggregated to form large seamless planar or curved walls including installations comprising up to all surfaces in a given environment, and configured as any combination of seamless, discontinuous planar, faceted, curved, cylindrical, spherical, geometric, or non-regular geometries.
  • aggregated tiles of planar surfaces form wall-sized systems for theatrical or venue-based holographic entertainment.
  • aggregated tiles of planar surfaces cover a room with four to six walls including both ceiling and floor for cave-based holographic installations.
  • aggregated tiles of curved surfaces produce a cylindrical seamless environment for immersive holographic installations.
  • aggregated tiles of seamless spherical surfaces form a holographic dome for immersive Holodeck-based experiences.
  • aggregates tiles of seamless curved energy waveguides provide mechanical edges following the precise pattern along the boundary of energy inhibiting elements within the energy waveguide structure to bond, align, or fuse the adjacent tiled mechanical edges of the adjacent waveguide surfaces, resulting in a modular and seamless energy waveguide system.
  • energy is propagated bi-directionally for multiple simultaneous energy domains.
  • the energy surface provides the ability to both display and capture simultaneously from the same energy surface with waveguides designed such that light field data may be projected by an illumination source through the waveguide and simultaneously received through the same energy surface.
  • additional depth sensing and active scanning technologies may be leveraged to allow for the interaction between the energy propagation and the viewer in correct world coordinates.
  • the energy surface and waveguide are operable to emit, reflect or converge frequencies to induce tactile sensation or volumetric haptic feedback. In some embodiments, any combination of bi-directional energy propagation and aggregated surfaces are possible.
  • the system comprises an energy waveguide capable of bi-directional emission and sensing of energy through the energy surface with one or more energy devices independently paired with two-or-more-path energy combiners to pair at least two energy devices to the same portion of the seamless energy surface, or one or more energy devices are secured behind the energy surface, proximate to an additional component secured to the base structure, or to a location in front and outside of the FOV of the waveguide for off-axis direct or reflective projection or sensing, and the resulting energy surface provides for bi-directional transmission of energy allowing the waveguide to converge energy, a first device to emit energy and a second device to sense energy, and where the information is processed to perform computer vision related tasks including, but not limited to, 4D plenoptic eye and retinal tracking or sensing of interference within propagated energy patterns, depth estimation, proximity, motion tracking, image, color, or sound formation, or other energy frequency analysis.
  • the tracked positions actively calculate and modify positions of energy based upon the interference between the bi-directional captured data and
  • a plurality of combinations of three energy devices comprising an ultrasonic sensor, a visible energy display, and an ultrasonic emitting device are configured together for each of three first relay surfaces propagating energy combined into a single second energy relay surface with each of the three first surfaces comprising engineered properties specific to each device's energy domain, and two engineered waveguide elements configured for ultrasonic and energy respectively to provide the ability to direct and converge each device's energy independently and substantially unaffected by the other waveguide elements that are configured for a separate energy domain.
  • a calibration procedure to enable efficient manufacturing to remove system artifacts and produce a geometric mapping of the resultant energy surface for use with encoding/decoding technologies as well as dedicated integrated systems for the conversion of data into calibrated information appropriate for energy propagation based upon the calibrated configuration files.
  • additional energy waveguides in series and one or more energy devices may be integrated into a system to produce opaque holographic pixels.
  • additional waveguide elements may be integrated comprising energy inhibiting elements, beam-splitters, prisms, active parallax barriers or polarization technologies in order to provide spatial and/or angular resolutions greater than the diameter of the waveguide or for other super-resolution purposes.
  • the disclosed energy system may also be configured as a wearable bi-directional device, such as virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR).
  • the energy system may include adjustment optical element(s) that cause the displayed or received energy to be focused proximate to a determined plane in space for a viewer.
  • the waveguide array may be incorporated to holographic head-mounted-display.
  • the system may include multiple optical paths to allow for the viewer to see both the energy system and a real- world environment (e.g., transparent holographic display). In these instances, the system may be presented as near field in addition to other methods.
  • the transmission of data comprises encoding processes with selectable or variable compression ratios that receive an arbitrary dataset of information and metadata; analyze said dataset and receive or assign material properties, vectors, surface IDs, new pixel data forming a more sparse dataset, and wherein the received data may comprise: 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, metadata, light field, holographic, geometry, vectors or vectorized metadata, and an encoder/decoder may provide the ability to convert the data in real-time or off-line comprising image processing for: 2D; 2D plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information; stereoscopic, stereoscopic plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information; multi-view; multi-view plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information; holographic; or light field content; through depth estimation algorithms, with or without depth metadata; and an inverse ray tracing methodology appropriately maps the resulting converted data produced by inverse ray tracing from the various 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, volumetric, light field or
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • FOV field of view
  • Disclosed embodiments can be leveraged to produce lightweight, wide field of view and extremely high-resolution 2D, stereoscopic and/or light field VR or AR HMD's.
  • a high-resolution seamless energy surface can be produced in combination with dioptric adjustment optics to reimage the projected energy surface onto the viewer's natural plane of focus for traditional 2D or stereoscopic VR applications.
  • the display size and resolution may be adjusted accordingly to map the FOV to exceed the viewer's maximum periphery, and may be constructed with a density that meets and/or exceeds the resolution limits of the eye.
  • the proposed implementation may incorporate non-planar surfaces and other relay elements to produce seamless curved surfaces, decrease weight, increase available view angles, or increase modulation transfer function (MTF) in addition to multiple other potential applications. In this fashion, a wrap-around monoscopic or stereoscopic energy surface may be produced as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of two displays with a concave cylindrical surface shape that exceed the FOV of the viewer and provides higher resolution than possible with other contemporary technologies.
  • a time sequential active and/or passive polarization system may be integrated to provide a singular contiguous curved display without the limitation of per eye FOV as shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a tapered energy relay mosaic 810 having two tapered energy relays 830.
  • each energy relay element 830 is configured to propagate the energy from energy source 820 from the first relay surface 825 to the second common energy surface 850.
  • the energy relay element 830 includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • the energy relay element 830 can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation of energy relay 830.
  • the energy waves propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal orientation determined by the alignment of fibers in this orientation.
  • one embodiment discloses a system having an energy assembly 710 having a first energy device 720A and a second energy device 720B spaced from each other.
  • the energy assembly 710 includes a first tapered energy relay element 730A and a second tapered energy relay element 730B spaced from each other.
  • energy emitted from the energy device 720A propagates from the first surface 725A to the curved second surface formed by the relay element 730A.
  • energy emitted from the energy device 720B propagates from the first surface 725B to the curved second surface formed by the relay element 730B.
  • each of the energy relay elements 730A, 730B has randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation, resulting in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation.
  • the relays 730A and 730B are constructed of multicore fiber, the energy waves propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal orientation determined by the alignment of fibers in this orientation.
  • each of the energy relay elements 730A, 730B includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • each of the energy relay elements 730A, 730B can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • An energy combiner can be placed between each of the energy devices
  • both energy devices are displays. In another embodiment, both energy devices are sensing devices. In a different embodiment, one of the energy devices is a display, and the other is an imaging sensor.
  • each the systems disclosed in FIGS. 7 and 8 may further include an additional waveguide element such as a lens to substantially change the direction of energy along an alternate energy propagation path.
  • the additional waveguide element may be placed in front of the energy relay, disposed between the energy relay element and the energy device, after the energy device, or anywhere throughout the system to substantially alter the direction of energy along an energy propagation path.
  • the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases a field of view along the energy propagation path.
  • each energy surface path may be split into two separate interlaced polarized paths with a relay element image combiner where the pixel density at the energy surface will result in interlacing that may be difficult to detect with the eye due to the random nature of the interlacing structure and the ability to now directly polarize each display discreetly.
  • the display itself may be polarized with a film, coating, material, or the like and the optical fibers maintain polarization states through to the energy surface.
  • the dioptric lens elements may then have passive polarization implemented such that each eye will only see a singular portion of the energy surface that is ultimately producing an extremely high resolution left eye and right eye independent viewpoint without limiting the FOV in any way.
  • An additional benefit of this approach is not requiring time sequential stereoscopic imaging which may be known to cause temporal stereoscopic artifacts and require a much higher frequency display as not to induce motion sickness when switching between alternating viewpoints.
  • the system further includes an energy combining element having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation path between the surface of the energy relay element and the energy device, and the second input surface disposed in additional energy propagation path of an additional energy source. This will be described in more detail in subsequent discussion.
  • the energy combining element is configured to combine energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element.
  • the energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
  • the additional energy source includes at least a portion of ambient energy, energy from the at least one energy device, energy from non- energy devices, and energy outside of the system.
  • a system may include first energy device and second energy device spaced from each other, where each of the first energy device and the second energy device includes a first surface and a second surface, respectively.
  • the system may further include first energy relay element and second energy relay element spaced from each other, where each of the first energy relay element and the second energy relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, respectively.
  • the first energy device may be coupled to the first energy relay element, and the second energy device may be coupled to the second energy relay element.
  • the first energy relay element is configured to propagate energy between the first surface of the first energy device and the second surface of the first relay element
  • the second energy relay element is configured to propagate the energy between the first surface of the second energy device and the second surface of the second relay element
  • each of the first energy relay element and the second energy relay element includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • each of the first energy relay element and the second energy relay element is composed of two or more energy relays in series, including tapered optical relays with spatial magnification, tapered optical relays with spatial de-magnification, coherent optical relays, flexible optical relays, and faceplates.
  • the first surfaces and the second surfaces of the first energy relay element and the second energy relay elements can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • the system further includes additional waveguide elements in front of each of the second surface of the first energy relay element and the second surface of the second energy relay, each of the additional waveguide elements configured to substantially alter the direction of energy along an alternate energy path.
  • the additional waveguide elements include dioptric adjustment optics that increases a field of view of the energy along the energy propagation path.
  • the first energy device may be coupled to the first relay through a first energy combining element
  • the second energy device may be coupled to the second relay through a second energy combining element.
  • each of the first energy combining element and the second energy combining element can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or a dichoric film.
  • the system further includes a first display device disposed on the first energy combining element and a second display device disposed on the second energy combining element.
  • the system further includes a first sensor disposed on the first energy combining element and a second sensor disposed on the second energy combining element.
  • the first energy combining element is configured to combine the energy from the first energy device and energy from an additional source external to the system.
  • the second energy combining element is configured to combine the energy from the second energy device and energy from an additional source external to the system.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a system having an energy assembly 910 having a plurality of energy devices 920 and relay elements 930.
  • this design leverages a curved semi- spherical surface, producing discreetly generated and directly polarized stereoscopic views from within the same pixel structure.
  • the system includes one or more energy devices 920A,
  • Each of the energy relay elements 930A-930E includes a first surface 932A, 932B, 932C, 932D, 932E and a second surface 934A, 934B, 934C, 934D, 934E, where the first surface 932A-932E is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices 920A-920E.
  • the second surface 934A-934E of each of the one or more energy relay elements 930A-930E may be arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface 990.
  • the singular seamless energy surface may be a curved and polished faceplate.
  • a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces e.g., 934A and 934B, 934C and 934D
  • a first aperture 980A has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface 990
  • a second aperture 980B has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface 990, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region A.
  • the system may further include energy inhibiting elements 975 A, 975B, 975C, 975D, 975E configured to substantially allow energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures 980A, 980B.
  • the energy inhibiting element 975A-975E may include filters, blockers and polarized film, configured to allow different encoding states (+ or -) to pass therethrough.
  • the energy inhibiting element 975A-975E may further limit propagation of the energy based on different encoding of the energy at different locations, and allowing only one of different encoding states (e.g., + or -, R/G/B) to pass therethrough.
  • different encoding states e.g., + or -, R/G/B
  • each of the second surfaces 934A-934E of the one or more energy relay elements 930A-930E can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • An energy combiner 940A-940E can be bonded to the minified end of each tapered energy relay 930A-930E at surfaces 932A-932E, respectively.
  • the energy devices 975A-975E on the leg of the image combiner labeled '- ' can be displays, while the energy devices 920A-920E on the other leg labeled '+' can also be displays.
  • all the energy devices on both '-' and '+' legs of the combiners can be energy sensors.
  • the energy devices on leg '-' of the image combiners can be displays, and the energy devices on leg '+' are energy sensing devices.
  • the system further includes additional waveguide elements 960A, 960B configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first and second apertures 980A, 980B, respectively.
  • additional waveguide elements 960A, 960B are shown, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that there need only be one additional waveguide element 960 for altering the direction of energy through the apertures 980.
  • the additional waveguide element 960 includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first FOV, the second FOV, or both the first and second FOV's.
  • the optical path may be shared between the external environment and a high-resolution, wide FOV display.
  • FIG. 10 shows one such embodiment of a HMD system 1010, where the display includes one or more energy device 1020, connected to one or more energy combiner elements 1040, connected to relay elements 1030, and configured to form a single seamless energy surface 1090 arranged in a perpendicular orientation to be viewable by the reflection in the beam splitter.
  • the HMD system 1010 further includes an energy combining element 1060 having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface 1090 and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of additional energy sources 1085.
  • the system may include prisms, reflectors, beamsplitters or the like where the reflector / prism may be disposed at a 45-degree angle to the left for the left eye and the right for the right eye, allowing a simplification to the entire design without requiring polarization or image combiners, so that each eye may be treated independently, eliminating overlap between left and right eye fields of view and helping reduce the overall form factor of the design.
  • the energy combining element 1060 is capable of combining energy propagating through the first and second input surfaces and output the combined energy through an output surface of the energy combining element 1040.
  • the energy combining element 1060 can be a polarizing beam splitter, a prism, or a dichoric film.
  • the beam splitter is able to split optical paths at the eye into two or more paths such that a user can view the unobstructed real-world object and an image from the system simultaneously. In these instances, the user may be viewing different optical split percentages between the real-world and the system (e.g., 50/50, 25/75, or variable).
  • the additional energy source 1085 may include at least one of a portion of ambient energy, energy from the one or more energy devices 1020, energy from non- energy devices, or energy outside of the system 1010.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements of FIGS. 7-10 may be fabricated with randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation, resulting in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation.
  • the energy waves propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal orientation determined by the alignment of fibers in this orientation.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a HMD system 1110 with a high resolution display mounted to the left and right sides of the device, for the left and right eye, respectively.
  • the devices 1160A, 1160B are reflectors.
  • the device contains one or more energy devices 1120A, 1120B, and one or more energy relay elements 1130A, 1130B.
  • Each of the energy relay elements 1130A, 1130B includes a first surface 1132A, 1132B and a second surface 1134A, 1134B where the first surface 1132A, 1132B is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices 1120A, 1120B and the second surface 1134A, 1134B of each of the one or more energy relay elements 1130A, 1130B is arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface (not shown in FIG. 11 but similar to that of FIG. 9 as can be appreciated by one of skill in the art).
  • a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces can be less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface.
  • a first aperture 1180A has a first FOV and the second aperture 1180B has a second field of view, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region.
  • the system 1110 further includes an energy inhibiting element (not shown) configured to substantially allow energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures 1180.
  • the system 1110 further includes an energy combining element 1160 having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
  • a waveguide element such as a lens array may be introduced in front of each tapered energy relay in order to render a complete light field in a VR or AR headset.
  • leveraging loose coherent optical fibers and minification of the image may be advantageous to optically relay the physical electronics off of the headset and into an accessory device.
  • a first optical fiber taper to minify the display, couple the minified end to a loose coherent fiber with minification ratio 1, couple the alternate end of the loose coherent fiber to the minified end of an optical fiber taper and produce the energy surface with the magnified end with magnification ratio 2 which should be less than the effective inverse minification from ratio 1 in order to maintain a smaller overall energy surface.
  • the loose coherent fibers may be in excess of a meter in length and can be aggregated together for form a singular optical tether to the accessory electronics.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the addition of a waveguide array into the previously described embodiment where there is a left eye reflector and energy surface, and a right eye reflector and energy surface and each energy surface is attached to a loose coherent fiber that is offset into an accessory electronics device that contains the additional optical fibers and display components.
  • This implementation can also be leveraged with or without the waveguide array, and for VR or AR to help achieve a more lightweight and pragmatic HMD design.
  • the HMD system 1210 includes one or more energy devices 1220A, 1220B, one or more energy relay elements 1230A, 1230B, each having a first surface and a second surface where the first surface is disposed in energy propagation paths of the one or more energy devices 1220A, 1220B similar to those discussed above.
  • energy may be relayed from the energy devices 1220 to the energy relay elements 1230 via loose coherent optical fibers thereby minimizing the form factor of the HMD design and hardware.
  • the HMD system 1210 further includes the second surface of each of the one or more energy relay elements 1230 arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, where a separation between edges of any two adjacent second surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity of a human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance from the singular seamless energy surface, the distance being greater than the lesser of: half of a height of the singular seamless energy surface, or half of a width of the singular seamless energy surface similar to that discussed above.
  • a first aperture 1280A has a first field of view on the singular seamless energy surface
  • a second aperture 1280B has a second field of view on the singular seamless energy surface, the first and second fields of view overlapping in a first region A.
  • the system 1210 further includes an energy inhibiting element (not shown) configured to substantially allow energy to propagate through only one of the first and second apertures 1280.
  • the system 1210 includes an energy combining element (not shown in FIG. 12 but best illustrated in FIG. 10 as can be appreciated by one of skill in the art) having first and second input surfaces, the first input surface disposed in the energy propagation paths of the single seamless energy surface and the second input surface disposed in energy propagation paths of an additional energy source.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements 1230 of the HMD system 1210 includes a flexible waveguide configured to provide magnified optics or minified optics.
  • each of the second surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements 1230 can be flat, curved, faceted, or non-uniform.
  • an energy combiner can be placed at the magnified end of each one of the tapered relays 1220A and 1220B, so that two energy devices can be attached (not shown in FIG. 12 but best illustrated in FIG. 9 as can be appreciated by one of skill in the art).
  • both the energy devices can be displays, or both can be energy sensing devices, or one could be a display while the second could be an energy sensing device.
  • the system 1210 further includes an additional waveguide element 1250A, 1250B configured to substantially alter the direction of energy to propagate through the first aperture 1280A, the second aperture 1280B, or both the first and second apertures 1280.
  • the additional waveguide element includes a dioptric adjustment optics that increases the first field of view, the second field of view, or both the first and second fields of view.
  • each of the one or more energy relay elements 1220 and 1230 may be fabricated with randomized refractive index variability in the transverse orientation coupled with minimal refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation, resulting in energy waves having substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation, and spatial localization along the transverse orientation.
  • the energy waves propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal orientation determined by the alignment of fibers in this orientation.
  • the HMD system 1210 may further include an energy modulation element 1250A, 1250B disposed between the energy combining element and the single seamless energy surface, the energy modulation element 1250 configured to modulate energy passing therethrough.
  • the HMD systems disclosed herein further includes an array of energy waveguides configured to direct energy therethrough along the energy propagation paths, where the energy waveguides of the array are located at different spatial coordinates, and each energy waveguide directs energy from the respective spatial coordinate to the energy propagation paths along different directions according to a 4D plenoptic function.
  • A, B, C, or combinations thereof refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term.
  • A, B, C, or combinations thereof is intended to include at least one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, and if order is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB.
  • expressly included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more item or term, such as BB, AAA, AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CAB ABB, and so forth.
  • the skilled artisan will understand that typically there is no limit on the number of items or terms in any combination, unless otherwise apparent from the context.
  • compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosure. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité et des systèmes associés pour des visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques. En général, le système de visiocasque comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs d'énergie et un ou plusieurs éléments de relais d'énergie, chaque élément de relais d'énergie ayant une première surface et une seconde surface. La première surface est disposée dans des trajets de propagation d'énergie du ou des dispositifs d'énergie et la seconde surface de chacun du ou des éléments de relais d'énergie est agencée de façon à former une surface d'énergie continue unique. Une séparation entre les bords de deux secondes surfaces adjacentes quelconques est inférieure à un contour perceptible minimal tel que défini par l'acuité visuelle d'un œil humain ayant une vision supérieure à 20/40 à une distance de la surface d'énergie continue unique, la distance étant supérieure au plus petit de ces éléments : la moitié d'une hauteur de la surface d'énergie continue unique ou la moitié d'une largeur de la surface d'énergie continue unique.
PCT/US2017/042466 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 Dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques WO2018014044A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2017297625A AU2017297625B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays
NZ743821A NZ743821B (en) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays
CA3030873A CA3030873A1 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 Dispositifs d'orientation d'energie a haute densite pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stereoscopiques, a champ lumineux et holographiques
EP17828628.2A EP3485354A4 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 Dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques
US16/063,976 US10551628B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted
US16/713,846 US10989869B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-12-13 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays
US17/239,918 US11726256B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2021-04-26 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic displays
US18/211,826 US20230408757A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2023-06-20 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays

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US201662362602P 2016-07-15 2016-07-15
US62/362,602 2016-07-15
US201662366076P 2016-07-24 2016-07-24
US62/366,076 2016-07-24
US201762507500P 2017-05-17 2017-05-17
US62/507,500 2017-05-17
USPCT/US17/42276 2017-07-14
PCT/US2017/042276 WO2018014010A1 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-14 Propagation sélective d'énergie dans un champ lumineux et des réseaux de guides d'ondes holographiques
PCT/US2017/042275 WO2018014009A1 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-14 Propagation d'énergie et localisation d'anderson transverse à l'aide de relais bidimensionnels, à champ lumineux et holographiques
USPCT/US17/42275 2017-07-14

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US16/713,846 Continuation US10989869B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2019-12-13 High-density energy directing devices for two-dimensional, stereoscopic, light field and holographic head-mounted displays

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PCT/US2017/042466 WO2018014044A1 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-17 Dispositifs d'orientation d'énergie à haute densité pour visiocasques bidimensionnels, stéréoscopiques, à champ lumineux et holographiques
PCT/US2017/042469 WO2018014047A1 (fr) 2016-05-13 2017-07-17 Système et procédés de génération, de manipulation et de transport de données sensorielles holographiques
PCT/US2017/042679 WO2018014049A1 (fr) 2016-07-15 2017-07-18 Procédé d'étalonnage pour systèmes de direction d'énergie holographique

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WO2018014045A2 (fr) 2018-01-18
WO2018014045A9 (fr) 2019-01-17
WO2018014047A1 (fr) 2018-01-18
WO2018014045A3 (fr) 2018-03-01
WO2018014049A1 (fr) 2018-01-18

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