WO2017220939A1

WO2017220939A1 - Wound armature of an electrical machine with axial air gap

Info

Publication number: WO2017220939A1
Application number: PCT/FR2017/051661
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicolas Labbe; Olivier SAVINOIS
Original assignee: Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
Priority date: 2016-06-23
Filing date: 2017-06-22
Publication date: 2017-12-28
Also published as: FR3053177A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an armature for a rotary electrical machine with axial flux or axial transverse, comprising: a plurality of teeth; a winding forming the electrical circuit of the armature comprising at least three phases, each of the phases comprising at least one conductor, the conductor comprising: at least two active strands each located in the respective notch thereof between teeth of the armature iron part; and a connection portion connecting two active strands, the active strands being defined by the portion of the connector in the notch; in which the connection portion or the set of connection portions of the conductors form a phase, between each notch comprising an active phase strand, a conductor bundle forming an inner or outer winding overhang relative to the armature iron part and characterised in that the inner or outer conductor bundles are axially stacked with the inner and outer bundles, respectively, of other phases.

Description

Induced coil of an electric machine with axial gap

The present invention relates to wound coils of rotating electrical machines, especially rotating electrical machines for a motor vehicle, in particular terrestrial.

In the state of the art, there are two major families of armatures with a wound iron core, called induced coil, of an electric motor.

The most widespread is the wound family of electric motors with radial flux whose air gap surface is of cylindrical shape, for example starter motor armatures. Radial flow electric machines are the most used for vehicle starters. FIGS. 1A and 1B schematically represent a section in a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation, of an electric machine with a radial flow, also called a radial field. The electric machine 1 of FIG. 1A comprises a stator 10 comprising induction coils 101 and a yoke 102 forming the inductor 100. The electric machine 1 further comprises a rotor 11 surrounded by the stator 10. The rotor 1 1 comprises an armature 110 and a rotor shaft 111.

FIG. 2a schematically represents the magnetic effect of two induction coils 101 and 10Γ (FIG. 2b) such as that of the machine 1. In this embodiment, the inductor comprises four poles and therefore four inductor coils of which only two are visible in Figure 3b. In this figure 3b, a cylinder is drawn schematically showing the rotor 11. Each of the induction coils 101 and 10Γ surrounds a polar piece not shown. The induction coil 101 produces with the pole piece a North pole to the air gap, the letter N in the figure represents the North polarity. The induction coil 101, located at 90 ° from the induction coil 101, produces with the pole piece a south pole towards the gap, the letter S in the figure represents the south polarity. Another north pole is located 180 ° from the north pole of the coil 101 represented by the letter N and another south pole is located 180 ° mechanically or 360 ° electrically, the south pole of the coil 101 'represented by the letter S .

Figure 2a shows flow tubes produced by the induction coils of the electric machine 1. Each of the flow tubes form a loop in a plane perpendicular to the axis. In the same plane, four loops 12 and 12 'of flux each associated with the four poles are shown in Figure 3a. Two flow loops 12 'from a north pole to the south pole rotate in the opposite direction, to go from the north pole to the two adjacent south poles, a flow loop 12 from a south pole to the north pole. These flux loops with the magnetic field produced by the armature make it possible to rotate the rotor of the electric machine. In a radial flow machine, there are loops rotating in a multitude of planes perpendicular to the axis. Only two planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation are shown in Figure 2a.

Between the rotor and the stator there is a gap called gap. Each flux loop passes from the stator to the rotor by the gap first and then from the rotor to the stator by the air gap a second time in the same radial plane.

Radial flow electrical machines are therefore constituted by an inductor and an armature whose elements are all stacked radially i.e at different levels of rays. By elements is meant stator yoke, rotor yoke, coils or inductive magnets.

Electrical machines with a radial or axial flux-wound inductor comprise bunches (or coil heads) respectively axial or radial. In other words, the radial flow machines are called 2D machines, whose flow loop circulates in a plane perpendicular to the axis, in particular to the plate rights of the sheet package. In other words, each loop is two-dimensional, also called plane curve.

The disadvantage of the first family is that the coils of the inductor have coil heads. These heads have the function of only connecting the parts of coils housed in the notches separated by parts to form ampere turns and thus the flow required through each of the pole pieces.

Each of the coil heads adds length to the coil. This useless length for the ampere turns (with reference to the application of the Ampère theorem) introduces resistance into the coil. This resistance reduces the useful power of the engine because of the losses RI ² . In other words, the larger the coil heads, the lower the efficiency of the electric machine, and the greater the level of RI ² , the larger sections of the conductors must be housed in the notches, which is to the detriment of the flux by pole and / or armature tooth. A known solution is to increase the volume of active material, here the cross-section of the conductive wire, for example copper, however, either at a specific volume density, there is less torque because of a smaller number of amperes or we increase the volume for the same couple. Such a solution increases the volume of the coil head and therefore the quantity of copper is greater, generating additional cost and over-mass.

In addition, such a cylindrical shape imposes a machine significantly extended in the axial direction.

In all these different machines, the stator comprises an armature or an inductor comprising coils having buns. To reduce the cost of drivers and the weight of the electric machine, copper or aluminum, we try to reduce the size of these buns, including pins.

One of the known solutions for removing these buns are transverse flux machines comprising magnet inductors and claw inductors comprising a solenoid armature coil surrounding the axis of rotation between two adjacent claws. This solution solves neither the problem of cost because magnets are more expensive to iso performance than copper or aluminum nor the problem of adaptability due to the induction level in Tesla frozen by the magnets.

The second family is the cylindrical wound family of cylindrical cylindrical radial flow electric motor with radial flux armature. Figure 3a schematically shows a transverse flux inductor 3. Transverse flux inductor is called when radial and axial directions of flow tubes coexist, FIGS. 3C and 3D show these flow tubes 31 having radial and axial components 312. These transverse flow machines have loops. flow not contained in a plan. In other words, each of the loops is three-dimensional, called a left curve, as opposed to a plane curve. For example, there are alternators or alternator-starter for automobile comprising a rotor inductor 3 comprising an inductor coil 32 and two half-pole pieces 30 comprising claws 303. The two pole pieces 30 are assembled together to enclose the coil 32 by the 303. In Figure 3C, only a portion of the inductor is shown without the coil 32. A stator armature 300 is shown schematically in Figure 3C. The stator armature 300 comprises coils (not shown completely) induced wound in notches of several notched sheets. The coils of the armature convert the flux variation when the rotor inductor 3 rotates in induced voltage thus generating electric current. The rotor inductor 3 comprises a rotor shaft 34.

The flux loop 31 therefore passes in a first radial plane of a first polar wheel and then axially in a first claw then radially in the air gap between the rotor and the stator then in the stator in an axial plane with axial and radial components. then a second time in a radial plane crossing the air gap a second time then in a second claw offset from the first claw and finally in a radial plane of a second polar wheel. Radial plane means a plane perpendicular to the axis X of rotation of the machine and an axial plane a plane comprising the axis X.

A disadvantage of this second family is the difficulty of winding for the radial flux the armature adapted to this type of inductor. Indeed it is difficult to insert the conductor or conductors in notches parallel to the axis and connect these conductors (for example pins) or to make an order of insertions of ways to crisscross the conductors in the bun to decrease the size of the bun.

In addition, the inductive rotor claws can not go beyond a certain speed of the rotor because of the claws that deform by centrifugal force.

These two types of wound inductors are bulky axially. There are axial flow inductors that take up less space axially but are magnets and therefore are limited to types of magnets. This solution does not solve the problem of cost because magnets are more expensive to iso performance than copper or aluminum nor the problem of adaptability due to the induction level in Tesla frozen by the magnets.

There is a need to have simple manufacturing machines and to decrease the volume of the electric motor in the axial direction.

At iso performance, the air gap surfaces of radial flow machines have a smaller diameter and greater axial length than axial flow machines. The invention solves these various problems with iso performance.

One aspect of the invention relates to an armature for axial rotating or axial axial rotating machine previously described comprising:

an armature piece forming the magnetic circuit of the armature comprising a ring having a rear face and a front face, the ring comprises a central opening comprising an X axis crossing from the front face to the rear face,

a plurality of teeth comprising a portion extending from the front face axially, each of the teeth having an external surface, adapted to face an inductor, the portions of the teeth forming between them notches, a winding forming the electrical circuit of the armature comprising at least three phases, each of the phases comprising at least one conductor, the conductor comprising:

at least two active strands each located in their respective notches between teeth of the armature piece and

a part of connections connecting two active strands, the active strands being delimited by the portion of the conductor in the notch,

wherein the connection portion or all of the connection portions of the phase-forming conductors, between each notch comprising a phase active strand, a conductor bundle forming an internal or external coil head with respect to the iron piece characterized in that the inner or outer conductor coil bundles of a phase is stacked only axially with the respectively inner or outer bundles of other phases. Due to the insertion in the axial direction, the driver can be packed without being damaged, unlike the case of the prior art. In addition the whole winding of armature can be introduced into the notches in a single, straight rectilinear movement along the axis of the machine: flat facing a flat surface. Thus, it is easier to have a good copper fill rate of each of the phases in the notches. Such an electric machine is therefore both easier to make and has a better notch filling rate.

According to one embodiment, the conductor comprises a continuous wire passing at least N times in the same notch, N being greater than or equal to 2, in which the N external connection portions and the N internal connection portions are aligned axially identical to the N active strands in the notch.

Thus, the production is simple of realization and the joules losses are diminished, because one does not have to reproduce bunches by twisting of complex type, with multiple angles, and similar to what exists in radial flow to gain some radial space;

Indeed, the coil heads of an armature winding are only used to connect active conductors in notches and for this they cause additional electrical resistance, hence losses RP In which, each connection part between the active strands in two different notches are in the same plane as the plane of the corresponding active strands extending from the corresponding connection part.

This makes it possible to achieve the shortest coil heads, by way of the shortest possible path, from which a minimal resistance is experienced. Indeed, such winding of buns (connecting part) certainly implies a

axial congestion greater than a stack where one crosses and deforms the connection parts but gains in resistance joules losses.

According to one embodiment, the winding of the armature is a corrugated winding and in that the armature comprises at least a first phase comprising the conductor passing through the three notches,

comprising N active strands in each of the three notches, the active N strands being of the phase stacked axially in the notch,

the active strand in the notch in the middle of the two other notches closest to the ring with respect to the other one or the other active strands in the notch, extends beyond this notch by a first part of internal connection and a first external connection part,

the active strand in one of the two other notches extending from this first internal connection part is the closest to the ring relative to the other one or the other active strands in this notch and

in that the other active strand extending from the second external connection portion is the closest to the ring relative to the other one or other active strands of this notch. This allows to have for this phase at least one axial stack of N turns of the conductor aligned axially successively in the notch and therefore a developed phase as small as possible. A developed being the length of the driver for a ride.

According to one embodiment, at least one first phase comprises an axial stack of N turns of the conductor aligned axially successively in all the notches comprising the conductor of the phase.

According to one embodiment, the conductor may comprise a first and a second son electrically connected in parallel and wound at the same time so as to have in each slot a succession of axial layer of the two son. According to one embodiment, all the phases comprise an axial stack of N turns of the conductor aligned axially successively in all the notches comprising the conductor of the phase and in that each phase is stacked one after the other.

According to one embodiment, the armature comprises two tri-phased systems and in that the connection portions of a phase of a three-phase is located axially between connecting portions of two other phases of the other three-phase.

According to one embodiment, each of the beams matches the outer circumferential shape of the piece of iron of the armature.

Thus, each beam of each winding phase can be as short as possible. Thus there is the least possible connection portion beam length. Thus the resistance of the electric machine is reduced. It follows that the electric machine loses less joule effect for a given amount of copper.

Thus, the armature of the electric machine has an interest compared to an armature such as in Figure 3b of a claw alternator, in that it is not necessary to fold the phase 63a as in FIG. 6D in the stator. It follows that the insertion of the winding into the pole piece of the armature is easier to achieve. Moreover, because of the easy insertion to be carried out, the length of the useful portion of the coil before assembly corresponds to the length of the useful portion in the notch, unlike the prior art because of the tilting only a portion of this portion was in the notch, the rest being in the bun. In addition, because of the tipping in the prior art and the friction during the insertion of the copper wire into the notches of the prior art, the copper could not be compacted as in the case of the armature according to the invention. aspect of the invention. Indeed, because of the axial insertion, the conductor can be packed without being damaged as in the prior art. Thus, it is easier to have a good copper fill rate of each of the phases in the notches. Such an electric machine is therefore both easier to make and has a better notch filling rate.

In other words, each of the teeth comprises a base extending axially from the front face of the crown. According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the teeth has a T-shape. In other words, the teeth each comprise two portions that extend radially circumferentially on either side from the end of the base. away from the crown. In this embodiment, the outer surface of each of the teeth comprises the surface of the end of the base and portions. This outer surface is intended to be vis-à-vis the surfaces of the claws of the inductor.

According to an embodiment of this example, the distance between two portions of teeth is identical to the distance between the two outer surfaces of the teeth.

According to another embodiment, the outer surface of the tooth comprises only the end surface of the base.

According to one embodiment, the outer surfaces are plane in a radial or conical concave or convex plane.

According to an exemplary embodiment, each outer surface of a tooth has a substantially trapezoidal shape whose smallest base is close to the X axis and the largest base is furthest from the X axis.

By substantially trapezoidal shape is meant that each of the two bases have a circular arc shape so as to form a circular armature. However, the external base and / or the internal base could be straight, forming an armature having an outer periphery and / or a polygonal inner periphery.

According to one embodiment, the pole piece can be, for example,

soft ferromagnetic or sheet metal or in packets of sheets. The rolled sheet or the bundles of sheets reduce the losses.

According to an example of this embodiment, the pole piece is a wound sheet metal strip formed by a strip whose width is constant corresponding to the smallest distance between the rear face and the outer surface.

In another example, the band is of decreasing or increasing width to form an outer surface of concave or convex shape, respectively.

The band is cut to form a portion of the teeth, the cutout is not identical for each tooth portion of the band due to the trapezoidal shape of the teeth.

In another example, the armature comprises a ring in solid piece and in that each reported tooth is formed with a pack of stacked sheet, each of which sheets have the shape of the tooth, that is to say a part from the base and the two portions.

According to another example, the armature comprises a ring in solid piece and in that each reported tooth is formed with a pack of stacked sheet, each of which sheets has the shape of the tooth, that is to say a part from the base and the two portions. According to another embodiment not shown, the ring is a solid piece or a rolled sheet and the teeth are fixed on this ring for example by welding.

According to one embodiment, the winding is in this case a corrugated three-phase winding or three phases. According to an embodiment of this example, the winding is corrugated distributed.

According to another example, the winding comprises 6 phases to form a double three-phase. According to an example of this example, the armature comprises 72 notches.

In one example, the winding can be performed according to the type of nested winding.

In one example, the number of teeth or the number of notches corresponds to the number of phases multiplied by the number of poles, for example 3 phases and 12 poles 3X12 = 36 teeth.

According to one example each of the phases is formed by two or more conductors each forming one or more turns.

Each notch therefore comprises in this example a phase or a phase per notch. The pitch between each notch of a phase is 3 because there are three phases.

Each of the inner and outer portions of each phase forms an inner and outer bun respectively. The inner bun is shorter than the outer bun.

The coupling can be in star or in triangle or star-triangle.

According to one embodiment, the winding conductors each have a rectangular section. This makes it possible to improve the axial stacking of the conductors.

An aspect of the invention also relates to a claw inductor comprising an axis X, the inductor comprising air gap surfaces arranged to face an armature of an electric machine one after the other. another along the X axis.

The inductor is adapted to be mounted in an electrical machine so as to rotate about the x-axis.

Thus the aspect of the invention also relates to a machine whose armature is vis-à-vis the inductor and not around or encircled the inductor.

In other words, the armature and the inductor have the same useful external diameter.

The gap between the armature and the inductor of the machine is either totally in a plane perpendicular to an axis is a conical shape (closer axial than radial) having the axis X axis of the machine.

Axially closer than radial means that the cone comprises an angle, measured in the material between its inclined surface with respect to the X axis and the X axis, which lies between an angle of 135 ° with respect to the X axis and an angle of 45 ° to the X axis except 90 °, (in the case of a 90 ° angle, there is no cone shape and the gap is in a plane perpendicular to the X axis).

Thus, such a wound inductor can be adapted for an axial armature and thus to have both the advantages of a claw machine as well as the advantage of the axial machine over axial size.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to a claw inductor comprising

^■ a set of soft ferromagnetic materials such as mild steel

comprising:

a ring around an axis X forming the core of the inductor, a first group of a plurality of claws adapted to have the same polarity each comprising:

A first portion extending axially from the crown,

A second portion extending radially, in a first direction opposite to the direction towards the axis X, starting from an axial end of the first portion farthest from the ring,

a second group of a plurality of claws able to have a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first claw group, each comprising:

A first portion extending axially, from the crown, in the same direction of the first portions of the claws of the first group,

A second portion extending radially from an axial end of the first portion furthest from the ring, in a direction towards the X axis, and

^■ a coil mounted in the assembly about the axis X between the first inner surface of the ring and the prongs of each group of prongs and between the first portions of the first group and the first portions of the second group.

This inductor thus comprises claws whose second parts comprise a surface capable of forming the air gap with an armature. The inductor is therefore mounted vis-a-vis axially of the armature.

By mounting axially vis-à-vis means that the inductor comprises faces vis-à-vis axially of the armature.

By "group of a plurality of claws adapted to have a polarity" is meant that all the claws are able to have the same polarity. The armature does not surround the coil of the inductor but faces the coil and the second portions of each claw. According to different form of claws, the armature may surround part of the second portions of claws.

The ring includes a passage including the X axis traversing the ring between the inner surface and another outer surface opposite the first inner surface to surround an X axis shaft.

According to one embodiment, the coil is a circular solenoid-shaped coil. This makes it possible to have the best yield compared to the quantity of copper exploited. Indeed there is no coil head called as bun.

According to one embodiment, the inner surface is a plane radial surface perpendicular to the axis X of rotation of the machine and in that the first portions of each of the at least two groups extend from this plane surface.

This makes it possible to have a coil having a radial blank, that is to say a surface that extends in a radial plane with respect to the X axis. This facilitates assembly.

According to one embodiment, the second portions of each claw of each group comprise an inner surface perpendicular to the axis vis-à-vis the coil.

This makes it possible to have a good heat transfer between a coil wound on edge by filling as much as possible the section of the housing of the coil. Indeed, the largest faces of the coil facing the iron piece are in contact therewith (the first and second of a claw and the crown)

The first and second faces of the coil are in alternating contact with the faces of the first inner and outer portions respectively and in that the first and second surfaces are cylindrical.

The housing of the coil is made between: the crown and the second portions of each claw of each group and between the first portions of the first group and the first portions of the second group.

According to one embodiment, the conductor of the coil is of rectangular section. This makes it possible to improve the heat transfer between the turns and to better fill the notch for this inductor winding

According to one embodiment, the coil is wound on edge on a single axial row. This makes it possible to have a spiral coil flat without a helix character. Indeed, the propeller has the disadvantage of having for a turn two thickness of driver. In addition the edge winding facilitates the entry and exit of the single coil.

According to one embodiment, the second portions of each claw of each group comprise a radial outer surface extending in a radial plane relative to the x axis of rotation, the radial outer surfaces being adapted to be facing each other. screw of an outer surface of the armature corresponding to the radial outer surface for a constant axial gap. This makes it possible to have a lower reluctance and therefore a better level of flux at the same level of ampere turns and thus of torque and EMF. This allows more lighten the machine and have a better performance ratio flow / mass.

According to another embodiment than the preceding, the second portions of each claw of each group comprise an external surface adapted to be opposite the armature which extend in a plane inclined with respect to the radial plane of the claw. an angle between 1 and 45 °.

This makes it possible to increase the surface opposite the armature for the same

radial size (diameter). Of course, the armature includes forms complementary to the claws to minimize the air gap. The armature thus comprises surfaces vis-à-vis the armature, these surfaces being complementary to that of the claws to form a gap of constant thickness. By gap thickness is meant the smallest distance between the armature and the inductor.

Indeed, the fact of increasing the area in vis-à-vis has the result of being able to increase the torque.

According to one embodiment, the external inclined surfaces of the second portions are inclined so as to together form a convex volume along the X axis. Thus a convex air gap can be formed with the corresponding armature.

This allows, while maintaining the same thickness as a claw having a non-inclined outer surface to increase the housing of the coil, we can put more copper in particular with a wire coil of circular section.

According to another embodiment, the second portions comprise, on each second portion, external surfaces vis-à-vis the coil so as to together form a concave volume relative to the axis X.

This allows that in case of significant centrifugal force on the rotating inductor such as for an alternator, the deformation of the ends of the claws is not oriented towards the air gap. Thus it is possible to have a gap initially very low.

According to one embodiment, the second portions of each claw of a claw group of each group comprise a trapezoidal section in a plane which contains the axis. According to an example of this embodiment, the inner surface is inclined relative to the outer surface and in that the thickness is less than its free end at its end contiguous to the second portion.

This saves iron and reduces leakage.

In one example, the internal claws of the first group comprise an inner surface inclined according to the preceding example and the outer claws of the second group comprise an internal surface perpendicular to the x axis according to the previous example.

This makes it possible to optimize the use of the iron with respect to the mechanical strength of the claws and a reduction in useful flux.

According to one embodiment, each of the second portions of the claws comprises an inner surface vis-à-vis the coil and an outer surface adapted to be vis-à-vis the armature, and in that the inner surface and the outer surface are inclined to one another so that the second portion has a section, in a plane comprising the X axis, of trapezoidal shape.

By trapezoidal shape is meant substantially trapezoidal shape.

According to an example, the first base has an arc shape and not a straight line. This makes it possible to have a cylindrical form of the inductor and not polygonal.

In another example, the second base is in the form of an arc. This makes it possible either to mount on the rotational shaft easier or to have a shape that matches that of the armature at the shaft or to allow to achieve a bearing of the armature shaft in introducing a ball bearing or other type of bearing between the armature shaft and the claws.

In another example, the surface has an isosceles trapezoidal shape. This makes it possible to homogenize the shapes of the claws.

According to one embodiment, the first part of the first group of claws extending from the inner surface of the ring extends from the outer periphery of the inner surface of the ring and in that the first part the second group extending from the inner surface of the ring extends from the inner periphery of the inner surface of the ring.

This allows to have room between the first two parts of each group of claws for a single coil.

According to one embodiment, the section (the surface) in a plane perpendicular to the X axis of the first portion of each claw of the first group of claws is equal to + or -5% of the section (area) of the first portion of each claw of the second group of claws. This makes it possible to have a homogeneous reluctance between the claw group of the first and second groups. Thus there is a balance between the claws of the South Pole and the North Pole.

According to one embodiment, the inductor comprises a first coil and a second coil,

the first group of claws including a first subgroup of claws and a second group of claws,

the first portions of the claws of the first group of the first group of claws extending from the outer periphery of the inner surface of the ring the first portions of the claws of the second group of claws of the first group extends from the inner periphery of the inner surface of the crown and in that the second group of claws comprises a first and a second subgroup of claws,

the claws of the first and second group of claws of the second group comprises a first portion extending between the inner periphery and the outer periphery the second portions of the first subgroup of the second group extends towards the inner periphery,

the second portions of the second subgroup of the second group extend towards the outer periphery,

the first coil being mounted between the first portions of the first subgroups of the two groups and the second coil being mounted between the first portions of the second subgroups of the two groups.

This allows for less flux loss due to lengths along the smaller radius of the second claw portions.

In the case where the inductor is a rotor, it makes it possible to reduce the length of the second portions of claws and thus to better withstand the centrifugal force. Thus such a rotor for the same external diameter can rotate faster. According to one embodiment the at least one coil comprises a conductive wire of circular section.

This makes it possible to fill the housing of any shape and to wind easily. Indeed, the crown may in this case have a not necessarily flat face extending in a perpendicular to the axis X (radial planar face).

According to one embodiment, the coil comprises a conductive wire of rectangular section.

This allows for a better fill rate.

According to the previous embodiment, the coil is wound on edge.

It is possible to enter and exit through the outer periphery unlike a winding on flat where an output or input would be on the inner periphery and the other input or output respectively would be on the outer periphery.

Indeed in the case of a coil on flat, there would be more than one row for the same amount of copper on edge with a single row and the input or output would necessarily be on the inner periphery ca which would increase the length of the connecting portion of the coil and further is in a zone whose congestion constraint is severe.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to an electric machine comprising an inductor according to one of the embodiments described above and an armature mounted vis-à-vis axially of the inductor.

The rotating electrical machine further comprises an armature inductor according to one of the preceding embodiments or an inductor comprising:

^■ a set of soft ferromagnetic material (such as mild steel) comprising: a ring around an axis X forming the core of the inductor, comprising a first inner surface,

a first group of a plurality of claws adapted to have the same polarity each comprising:

A first portion extending axially from the first inner surface of the ring,

A second portion extending, in the opposite direction of the X axis, from an axial end of the first portion farthest from the crown

a second group of a plurality of claws adapted to have a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first claw group, each comprising:

A first portion extending axially, from the inner surface of the ring, in the same direction of the first portions of the claws of the first group,

A second portion extending from an axial end of the

first portion farthest from the crown, in the direction of the X axis,

^■ a coil mounted in the assembly about the X axis between the first inner surface of the ring and the second portions of each claw of each group and between the first portions of the first group and the first portions of the second group.

According to a first embodiment, the machine comprises a shaft comprising the X axis and in that the inductor is a rotor mounted integral with the shaft. According to a second embodiment of the machine comprising a shaft comprising the X axis and in that the inductor is a stator and is mounted around the X shaft.

According to an example of the second embodiment of the machine, the armature forms a bearing of the shaft.

According to an example of this machine, the winding of the armature is made by means of pins. The armature may comprise several characteristics of these various embodiments described above.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to an alternator comprising an electric machine described above, the electric motor comprising a claw inductor according to one of the embodiments, an armature, the inductor and the armature being mounted vis-à- axially screw.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to an alternator comprising an electric machine comprising a. a tree including the X axis,

b. an inductor according to at least one embodiment previously described above, in which the number of claws per group of claws is between 5 and 8 and in that the inductor is mounted on a shaft connected in rotation with the shaft,

vs. an armature according to at least one embodiment described, the armature being mounted around free to rotate about the shaft, the armature forms a stator and is vis-à-vis axially of the inductor, comprising

i. a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an outer surface facing the surfaces of the second portions of the claws, the outer surfaces of the teeth being of complementary shape with the outer surfaces of the second portions of the claws forming an air gap, ii. at least three windings, each winding forming a phase of the armature mounted in notches between teeth of the armature.

According to one embodiment of the alternator, the number of phases of the armature is 6 or 3.

According to one embodiment of the alternator, the number of claws is between 10 and 16 claws.

This makes it possible to reduce the size of the claws and thus to be more resistant to the centrifugal force, moreover beyond 16 claws there are too many iron losses.

The alternator may comprise an armature according to one of the embodiments as described below.

Another aspect of the invention also relates to a starter comprising an electric machine described above comprising a claw inductor according to one of the embodiments forming a stator, a rotor armature, the inductor and the armature being mounted vis-à- axially screw.

An aspect of the invention also relates to a starter comprising an electric machine comprising

at. a tree including the X axis, b. an inductor according to the aspect of the invention previously described according to the embodiments previously in which the number of claws per group of claws is between 2 and 4 and in that the inductor is mounted around the free shaft in rotation with the latter forming the stator, c. an armature mounted fixed on the shaft forming the rotor vis-a-vis axially of the inductor, comprising a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an outer surface facing the surfaces of the second portions of the claws, the surfaces external teeth being of complementary shape with the outer surfaces of the second portions of the claws forming an air gap, the armature comprising a winding mounted in notches between the teeth of the armature, d. a collector mounted on the shaft connected in rotation therewith comprising blades connecting the windings of the armature.

According to an example of the starter, the winding of the armature is performed by a corrugated winding or nested or multiple corrugated.

The blades are connected to different sections, also called phase, forming the winding of the armature.

In one example, between four and eight claws.

In one example, the drive shaft is the rotor shaft and the inductor comprises eight claws.

In another example, the starter further comprises a gearbox mounted between the rotor shaft and the drive shaft and in that it comprises between four and six claws.

The starter may comprise an armature according to one of the embodiments as described below.

The aspects of the invention may be better understood on reading the following detailed description of an example of non-limiting implementation and on examining the appended drawing, in which:

FIGS. 1a and 1b show a schematic diagram of a radial flow machine according to the prior art

FIG. 2a shows the flow paths of the radial machines of FIGS. 1a and 1b according to the prior art,

Figure 2b schematically shows the inductor of a radial machine according to the prior art.

FIG. 3a shows a claw rotor inductor of a cylindrical claw machine according to the prior art, FIG. 3b represents an armature of a claw machine adapted to a rotor of the inductor of the machine,

FIG. 3c represents a schematic diagram of the flow of a claw machine,

FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c respectively represent a three-dimensional view of a set of soft ferromagnetic materials seen from before and of an inductor comprising this set of an aspect of the invention according to a first embodiment seen from the front and back ;

FIG. 5 represents a three-dimensional view of an inductor of an aspect of the invention according to a second embodiment.

Figure 6a shows a three-dimensional view of a section of an electric machine of one aspect of the invention including the inductor of the first embodiment.

Figure 6b shows a perspective view of the armature of the electric machine of Figure 6a.

FIGS. 6C, 6D, 6E represent exploded views of the armature, in particular FIG. 6C shows an exploded view of the winding of the armature according to the machine of FIG. 6a, FIG. 6D a single phase of the winding of the armature. induced according to the machine of Figure 6a, Figure 6E shows a front view of the armature of Figure 6a without the winding.

FIG. 6E 'is an example of a band capable of forming the sheet metal bundle of an armature before being wound.

FIG. 7 represents a section of an alternator comprising the electric machine according to the second embodiment.

Figure 8a shows an inductor according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8b shows a section of the inductor according to the third embodiment in relation to an armature of the electric machine,

Figure 9a shows an exploded view of an armature of the machine of Figure 8b.

Figure 9b shows a pin forming a phase of the armature of the electric machine of Figure 8b.

Figure 9c shows a front view of three pins of the armature of the electric machine of Figure 8b.

Figure 9d shows the set of pins of the phases of the armature of the electric machine of Figure 8b and the collector.

FIG. 10a schematically represents a starter comprising an electric machine comprising the inductor and the armature according to the third embodiment.

Figure 10b shows the electric machine in a three-dimensional view of the starter of Figure 10a. Figure 10c shows the starter rotor of Figure 10a.

One aspect of the invention relates to a claw inductor capable of being mounted axially in relation to an armature. According to another way of saying, the aspect relates to a claw inductor "galette".

The inductor of the aspect of the invention may be a rotor as shown in Figure 6a or 7 or a stator as shown in Figure 8b or 10a.

In particular, the inductor 45 comprises a set of soft ferromagnetic materials 4 (such as mild steel) as shown according to a first embodiment in FIG. 4a.

The assembly of soft ferromagnetic materials comprises a ring 4c around an axis X forming the core of the inductor. FIG. 4c shows the rear part of an inductor according to a first embodiment of which the rear part of the crown 4c of the inductor according to this first embodiment. The ring 4c comprises an inner surface 4c 1 and an outer surface 4c2 opposite to the inner surface 4c 1. It can be seen for example in FIG. 4a the internal surface 4c 1 of the inductor according to the first embodiment and on the Figure 4c we can see the outer surface 4c2.

In this case the internal surfaces 4c 1 and external 4c2 in the various embodiments described are radial. By radial surface is meant a surface extending in a radial plane, that is to say a plane perpendicular to the X axis comprising the X-axis radii 360 °. Per surface extending in a perpendicular plane is meant a plane surface at 90 ° plus or minus 1 ° with respect to the X axis.

However, it is possible that this surface is not flat or slightly inclined relative to the radial plane.

The ferromagnetic assembly 4 further comprises a first group of a plurality of claws 4a capable of having all the same polarity.

In the first embodiment shown in Figure 4a, the first group of claws 4a are external claws 4a.

Each of these internal claws 4a comprises a first portion 4a 1 extending axially from the first inner surface of the ring and a second portion 4a2 extending, in the opposite direction of the X axis, from a axial end of the first portion 4al farthest from the crown.

The first second portion 4a2 of each of the claws comprises a surface that faces the inner surface 4c 1 of the crown. The ferromagnetic assembly 4 further comprises a second group of a plurality of claws 4b capable of having all the same polarity opposite to the polarity of the first group of claws 4a.

Each claw 4b has a first portion 4b 1 extending axially, from the radial surface 4c 1 of the ring 4c, in the same direction of the first portions 4a1 of the claws 4a of the first group.

In addition each claw 4b has a second portion 4b2 extending, from an axial end of the first portion 4b 1 farthest from the ring 4c, in the direction of the axis X.

Each of the claws 4b and 4a are arranged so that their second portions 4a2 and 4b2 are angularly alternating around the X-shaft. In other words, a claw of the first group has two claws of the second group and vice versa.

The inductor 45 further comprises a coil 5 mounted in the assembly 4 about the axis X. The coil 5 is more precisely mounted axially between the ring 4c and the second portions 4a2 and 4b2 of each claw of each group.

In addition, the coil 5 is mounted between the first portions 4a 1 of the first group and the first portions 4b 1 of the second group.

Such a coil is visible in Figure 4b of the first embodiment.

Thus, such a coil makes it possible to have an inductor without a bun like the radial flux inductors with claws. There is therefore an optimization of the inductor according to the copper quantity / performance ratio.

Each claw 4a and 4b has on its respective second portion of the surfaces 4a21 and 4b21 adapted to be vis-à-vis the armature.

In the first embodiment shown in Figures 4a, 4b and 4c, the inductor 45 has 6 internal claws 4a and six external claws 4b to form 12 poles. In other words, this inductor is arranged to form a machine with 6 pairs of poles. Such an electric machine can be used for an alternator, in particular an automobile alternator.

In this case, in this embodiment, the internal diameter measured between two surfaces 4al 1 of the second portion 4a2 of two claws 4a vis-à-vis one another, is equal to the internal diameter measured between two end surfaces 4b22 of two claws 4b vis-à-vis one another. By equals we mean at plus or minus 1% of the length of the measured diameter. The surface 4b22 of each of the ends of the claws 4b and the surface 4a 11 of each of the internal claws can be opposite a fan mounted on a shaft 7 (visible in FIG. 6a) for cooling the copper circuit. . The fan is not shown in Figure 6a. In addition, this makes it possible to increase the area 4a21 and 4b22 of each claw 4a and 4b, respectively, intended to be opposite the armature 6 as visible in FIG. 6a. In this case in this embodiment, the outer diameter of each claw 4a of the first group and equal to the outer diameter of each claw 4b of the second group. This allows to increase the surfaces 4a21 and 4b21 of each claw 4a and 4b respectively intended to be vis-à-vis the armature 6 as visible in Figure 6a.

In this case, the internal diameter D1 and external D2 of the ring is equal to the internal diameter D1 and outer D2 of the claws of the first and second group. Thus a shaft 7 (visible in FIG. 6a) mounted in the opening of the inductor comprising a portion 71

corresponding to the inner diameter of the ring to be fixed to this inductor may be arranged so that this portion 71 is in contact with the surface 4a 11 of the first part 4a 1 of the group of claws 4a to have a larger contact area for a heat exchange and thus better cool the claws. In FIG. 6a, only a surface portion 4a 11 of the first parts 4a 1 of the claw group 4a is in contact with the portion 71.

In this case in the embodiment of FIGS. 4a to 4c, the second portions 4a2 of the first claw group 4a and the second portions 4b2 of the second claw group 4b have the same trapezoidal shape. The trapezoidal shape allows to have a gap width between two claws homogeneous.

In addition, this allows in the case where the second portions are portions reported on the first portions during assembly to have identical parts and therefore to be cheaper and more effective in the manufacturing process.

According to another embodiment shown in Figure 5, the inductor 45 comprises a ferromagnetic assembly identical to that of Figures 4a to 4c except for the elements described below.

In the embodiment of Figure 5, the ring 4c and the claws of the first group comprise an inner diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the claws 4b of the second group.

This embodiment can be arranged so that the inductor forms the rotor. Indeed, the crown may thus comprise an opening for being mounted directly on the rotor shaft comprising the X axis. In this case, in this embodiment the first portions 4a of the claws 4a are arranged to be in contact with this axis. X axis shaft 7 visible in Figure 7. In this embodiment the shaft 7 has a uniform diameter. In this case it comprises a portion 72 to be fixed to the crown and the first portions 4a 1 of the inner claws 4a.

In addition, in this embodiment, the ring 4c comprises a plurality of external slots 4c3. These external notches are arranged vis-à-vis each of the second portions 4a2 claws 4a of the first group.

This makes it possible to cool the coil 5 (not shown in FIG. 5) visible in FIG. 7 by an axial air flow by convection. Indeed in the first embodiment, the coil is mounted against the inner surface 4c 1 of the crown 4c and is cooled mainly by conduction with the crown.

FIG. 6a including the inductor 4 of the first embodiment and the shaft 7 represents an alternator 8 without a pulley and without an electronic part.

The alternator comprises a shaft comprising the X axis, an inductor according to an embodiment previously described above in which the number of claws per claw group is between 5 and 8 and in that the inductor is mounted on a linked shaft in rotation with the tree,

The alternator 8 further comprises an armature 6, mounted around free to rotate around the shaft. The armature forms the stator and is vis-à-vis axially of the inductor.

The alternator further comprises a carcass 81 and two bearings each of which are provided in this case with two ball bearings 82a, 82b. Of course the bearings could be provided by other types of bearings. Each of the two bearings 82a, 82b are mounted on both sides on the shaft 7. The armature 6 and the inductor 45 are mounted between these two bearings 82a, 82b.

The armature 6 is mounted integral with the carcass 81 and axially opposite the inductor 45.

The armature 6 comprises a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an external surface facing the surfaces of the second portions of the claws, the outer surfaces of the teeth being of complementary shape with the external surfaces of the second portions of the claws forming a gap ,

In this case, the armature 6 comprises a pole piece 60 comprising a ring 61 having a rear face 61b and a front face 61a. The ring 61 comprises a central opening comprising the axis X. The pole piece comprises the teeth 62. In this case each of the teeth have a T shape but could be I-shaped. In other words, each of the teeth comprises a base 62a extending axially from the front face 61a of the ring 61 and two portions 62b extending radially circumferentially on either side from the end of the base 62a the farthest of the crown. These two portions 62b form toothed feet of the tooth. An outer surface 62c of each of the teeth 62 is formed from the surface of the end of the base and portions 62b. This surface 62c is intended to be vis-à-vis the surfaces 4a21 and 4b21 claws 4a and 4b of the inductor.

In one example the surfaces 62c are of complementary shape with the surfaces 4a21 and 4b21 of the claws 4a and 4b of the inductor. In this case, the surfaces 62c are flat in a radial plane but could for example be together concave or convex conical. In the In the case of an inductor 45 whose surfaces 4a21 and 4b21 of the claws 4a and 4b form a concave surface, the armature 6 would have surfaces, the whole of which forms a convex surface and vice versa.

The surface 62c has a substantially trapezoid shape whose smallest base is close to the X axis and the largest base is furthest from the X axis. By substantially trapezoidal shape is meant that each of the two bases has a form of an arc of a circle so as to form a circular armature. However, the external base and / or the internal base could be straight, forming an armature having an outer periphery and / or a polygonal inner periphery.

The pole piece 60 may be for example soft ferromagnetic or sheet metal or in packets of sheets. Coiled sheet or plate bundles reduce iron losses (eddy current reduction).

In this case, the pole piece 60 is a wound sheet metal strip (not visible in the figure). Figure 6E shows the pole piece 60 of the armature 6. In this figure we can see an inner end 611 of the sheet and an outer end 612.

The rolled sheet is therefore in this case a strip whose width is constant

corresponding to the smallest distance between the face 61b and the surface 62c. In the case of surfaces 62c together forming a concave or convex shape, the band would be of decreasing or increasing width respectively.

The band is thus cut to form a part of the teeth. Figure 6E 'shows the two ends of an example of a strip before being wound. This band does not include a tooth root and is therefore made to perform an armature without a tooth root, that is to say without portion 62b.

Of course the cut is not identical for each portion of teeth of the band due to the trapezoidal shape of the teeth.

In the case of several packets of sheet metal, according to one embodiment the armature 6 comprises a ring in massive piece and in that each reported tooth is formed with a pack of stacked sheet, each of which sheets have the shape of the tooth , that is to say a part of the base and the two portions.

In the case of several packs of sheet metal, according to one embodiment the armature 6 comprises a ring in massive piece and in that each reported tooth is formed with a stack of stacked sheets, each of which sheets are tooth-shaped , that is to say a part of the base and the two portions.

According to another embodiment, the ring is a solid piece or a rolled sheet and the teeth 62 are fixed on this ring for example by welding.

The armature further comprises a winding 63. The winding 63 is in this case a corrugated three-phase winding or three phases. However it could have 6 phases to form a double three phase. In the case of 6 phases, for example the armature would comprise 72 notches, the winding could be achieved either by inserting in a first phase three phases of a first three phase and then in a second time the other three phases of the second three phase or by inserting in turn a phase of the first three phase then a phase of the second three phase etc ..

The winding could be made according to other types of known winding as nested.

FIG. 6C shows the winding 63 devoid of the pole piece 61. The winding comprises three corrugated phases 63a, 63b, 63c. Figure 6D shows a single-phase winding 63a.

Each phase 63a, 63b, 63c comprises active strands also called useful portions 631 and connection portions also called external portions 632 connecting two outer ends of two useful portions and inner portions 633 connecting two inner ends of two useful portions.

All the portions of each phase form a flower-shaped coil whose petals are trapezoidal. In other words, a petal is formed by two useful portions 631 and an outer portion 632 and each petal are connected by the inner portions 633.

The application EPI 223660 represents in Figure 13A two flower-shaped coils of the prior art whose petals are rectangular.

The useful portions 631 of each of the phases are inserted between two teeth 62 forming a notch 64. In other words, each of the phase portions is inserted into notches 64. As can be seen, because of the trapezoidal shape of the flower petals , for the same outer diameter of the flower, the length of each useful portion 631 of the coil of a phase of the armature 6 is greater than the useful portion of the prior art. It follows that compared to the prior art for a sum of length of the inner and outer portions forming the bun compared to the prior art, there is more useful portion length. There is therefore for the same length of coil before folding flower-shaped, a larger percentage of useful portion than internal and external portion forming the bun which is useless than compared to the prior art. There is therefore a better performance of the machine.

The number of teeth or the number of notches 64 corresponds to the number of phases multiplied by the number of poles, in this case 3 X 12 = 36 teeth.

The winding is for example a distributed wavy winding, and can be a tri-phased double winding. In this case the number of teeth 62 is equal to the number of poles (in this case 12 poles) multiplied by the number of phases (2 X 3 = 6) or 72 teeth.

Each of the phases 63a, 63b, 63c may be formed by a single conductor forming one or more turns. In other words, each useful portion 631 can be formed from a single section of the conductor or several sections of the conductor respectively. An input and an output is therefore connected to diodes in the case of an alternator, in other words the armature static is also called stator, or to brushes in the case of a motor operation, in other words the armature forms a rotor, for example for a starter.

Each of the phases 63a, 63b, 63c may also be formed by two or more conductors each forming one or more turns. Thus, each notch 64 has at least two conductors. Each conductor of a phase is electrically connected at each of their ends to the other corresponding ends of the other or the other conductor.

In other words, the at least two conductors are connected in parallel.

Each phase 63a, 63b, 63c as in FIG. 6d of winding can therefore be inserted axially into the notches 64. Thus, the armature 6 of the electric machine has an interest compared to an armature such as in FIG. a claw alternator in that it is not necessary to fold the phase 63a as in Figure 6D in the stator. It follows that the insertion of the winding into the pole piece of the armature is easier to achieve. Moreover, because of the insertion in the axial direction that is easy to perform, the length of the useful portion 631 of the reel before assembly corresponds to the length of the useful portion in the notch, unlike the prior art because of the tilting only a portion of this portion was in the notch, the rest being in the bun. In addition, due to the tipping in the prior art and the friction during the insertion of the copper wire into the notches of the prior art, the copper could not be compacted as in the case of the armature of the aspect of the invention. Indeed, because of the insertion in the axial direction, the driver can be packed without being damaged as in the prior art. Thus, it is easier to have a good copper fill rate of each of the phases in the notches 64. Such an electric machine is therefore both easier to make and has a better notch filling rate.

Each of the inner 633 and outer 632 portions of each phase forms an inner 633A and outer 632A bun respectively. The 633A internal bun is shorter than the 632A external bun. Overall the length of the coil is reduced (ie the developed is reduced) compared to the prior art, so there is less resistance and therefore less RI ² .

Figure 7 shows an alternator. The alternator is identical to that previously described in the embodiment described with respect to FIGS. 6A to 6E except for the characteristics described below.

The alternator comprises an electric machine according to a second embodiment comprising the inductor 4 of the second embodiment. In the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 6a, the alternator comprises an X axis shaft but whose diameter at the level of the attachment of the inductor on the shaft is substantially the same as that on which is mounted a pulley 83 of the alternator. The inductor comprises a number of claws per claw group which is between 5 and 8, in this case 6.

The armature 6 is identical to that described above and is mounted around the shaft 7.

The armature forms a stator and is vis-à-vis axially of the inductor. The armature also includes a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an outer surface facing surfaces of a portion of the second portions of the claws.

The outer surfaces of the teeth are therefore of complementary shape with a portion of the external surfaces of the second portions of the claws. Between the two outer surfaces an air gap is formed.

Three coils each forming a phase is mounted identically that the armature described in relation to Figures 6a to 6E, each coil forming a phase of the armature mounted in notches between the teeth of the armature.

An electronic part 84 is mounted on the yoke of the electric machine. The electronic part comprises a diode bridge as known in the prior art connected to the inputs and outputs of the different phases. The coupling can be either triangle or star. The electronic part can also be incorporated on the alternator of Figure 6a in the same way.

The alternator of the example shown in FIG. 7 further comprises a fan 85 mounted against the rear face 4c2 of the pole piece 4 of the inductor 45.

Openings 811 are located in the part of the front face 81a of the carcass 81. Front face of the carcass means the face of the carcass on the side of the pulley 83. The carcass may have a small thickness or have a portion of plastic since it is not useful for the magnetic part.

Thus, unlike the carcasses of known vehicle alternators, the carcass may be lighter.

The carcass 81 comprises two bearing portions, one on the front face and one on the rear face. In the case of a plastic carcass, these portions are for example metal and the plastic portion is overmolded on these bearing portions. These bearing portions each form a bearing housing in this case a ball bearing.

FIG. 8a shows a third embodiment of an inductor 4 ".The third embodiment shown in FIG. 8a is identical to that of FIG. 4a except that it comprises 6 claws, 3 claws 4a of the group of internal claws and 3 claws 4b of the group of external claws.

Figure 8b shows a section of an electric machine 9 according to a third embodiment without its carcass. This electric machine 9 also comprises the inductor 4 "of a third embodiment, a shaft 7, a not shown casing and an armature 6. In this electrical machine 9, the inductor 4" is mounted integral with the carcass, not shown. . The armature 6 'is wound according to a new embodiment described below. The armature 6 'is mounted integral with the shaft 7 not shown. The shaft 7 is mounted to rotate relative to the carcass not shown by means of two bearings in this case comprising a bearing 82a in front and a bearing 82b behind, in this case ball bearings.

A collector with blades 72 is mounted between the bearing 82a and the armature 6 '. The collector 72 is of the same type as that of a conventional starter of the prior art.

Figure 9a shows an exploded view of the armature 6 'of the electric machine of Figure 8b. This armature 6 'comprises a multitude of phases, in this case 25 phases also called armature sections. Figure 9d shows a front view of these phases. Between each tooth 62, a notch 64 is formed. Each phase is likened to a pair of notches 64 between the teeth 62. The armature 6 'comprises a winding which comprises portions of windings equivalent to the number of notches. In this case the winding portions are conductors 66, in this case 25. Each conductor 66 comprises two strands 661 inserted into the notches and a connecting portion 662 connecting the two strands 661. Two strands 661 of two different conductors are inserted into each of the notches.

In other words, each of the notches receives two strands of two different conductors (one go and one return). A strand 661 of a conductor 66, for example a copper or aluminum pin, as shown in FIG. 9b, is thus inserted into a first of said notches 64 and the other strand of 661 of the same conductor 66 is inserted into a second The first notch 64 thus comprises one strand of the first conductor of the conductors and another strand of a second conductor of the conductors. Figure 9c shows three conductors each having at least one strand of their conductor in the first and second notches.

Each of the strands 661 is connected to the blade collector 72, in particular to the heel of the collector 72. For example, the ends of the strands can be identical to the pins of conventional starters of the prior art be inserted into notches of the heel and then be welded or compacted and glued with a varnish in their associated notches.

The winding in this case forms a corrugated winding but could also be nested or corrugated multiple.

The electric machine 9 is particularly suitable for starters. The invention also relates to a starter comprising this electric machine 9. FIG. 10a shows a starter 91 comprising the electric machine according to the third embodiment. The starter 91 further comprises a meshing member 92 such as a pulley or pinion for training with the crown of the engine of the vehicle, for example a car. This meshing member may be fixed or movable, for example a pinion, with respect to the yoke. In this case the drive member 92 is movable and is a pinion, the starter 91 further comprises a switch 93 adapted to move the pinion 92. The drive member 92 moves through a launcher 921 mounted on a drive shaft 94.

The drive shaft can directly be the shaft 7 of the electric machine 9. In other words, the electric machine can be devoid of reducer.

In this case, a gearbox 95, in this case an epicyclic gearbox, is mounted between the electric machine 9 and the drive shaft 94.

Figure 10b shows the electric machine of the third embodiment of the starter provided with a sun gear 951 mounted on the shaft 7. The figurelOc represents the rotor of the electric machine of the starter. The set of connection portions 662 of the conductors 66 of the armature of the rotor forms a bun visible in FIGS. 10b and 10a. This bun has the characteristic of being very small radially and does not extend axially the armature of the electric motor.

According to an example of the starter of the invention, the winding of the armature is performed by a corrugated winding or nested or multiple corrugated, in this case the electric machine 9 is made by means of a corrugated winding.

In the case of a starter whose drive member and mobile starter further comprises a contactor adapted to move the pinion. The drive member moves through a launcher mounted on a drive shaft.

Claims

claims

1 / armature for rotating electrical machine with axial or axial transverse flow

comprising:

a plurality of teeth comprising a portion extending from the front face axially, each of the teeth having an external surface, adapted to face an inductor, the portions of the teeth forming between them notches,

a winding forming the electrical circuit of the armature comprising at least three phases, each of the phases comprising at least one conductor, the conductor comprising:

wherein the connection portion or all of the connection portions of the phase-forming conductors, between each notch comprising a phase active strand, a conductor bundle forming an internal or external coil head with respect to the iron piece characterized in that the inner or outer conductor coil bundles of one phase are stacked axially with the respectively inner or outer bundles of other phases.

An armature according to claim 1, wherein the conductor comprises a continuous wire passing at least N times in the same slot, where N is greater than or equal to 2, wherein the N external connection portions and the N internal connection portions are aligned. axially identical to the N active strands in the notch.

3 / armature according to the preceding claim, wherein the winding of the armature is a corrugated winding and in that the armature comprises at least a first phase comprising the conductor passing through the three notches,

comprising N active strands in each of the three notches, the N active strands being of the phase stacked axially in the notch,

the active strand in the notch in the middle of the two other notches closest to the ring relative to the other or the other active strands in the notch, extends beyond this notch by a first connecting part internal and a first external connection part, the active strand in one of the other two notches extending from this first internal connection part is the closest to the ring relative to the other one or the other active strands in this notch and

in that the other active strand extending from the second outer connecting portion is the closest to the ring relative to the other one or other active strands of this notch.

4 / armature according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the beams follow the outer circumferential shape of the piece of iron armature.

5 / armature according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the teeth comprises a base extending axially from the front face of the crown.

6 / An armature according to the preceding claim, wherein each of the teeth have a T shape and in that the teeth each comprise two portions which extends radially circumferentially on either side from the end of the base farthest from the crown and in that the distance between two portions of teeth is identical to the distance between the two outer surfaces of the teeth.

7 / armature according to one of the preceding claims, each outer surface of a tooth has a substantially trapezoidal shape whose smallest base is close to the X axis and the largest base is furthest from the X axis .

8 / armature according to one of the preceding claims, the pole piece in

soft ferromagnetic or sheet metal or in packets of sheets.

Armature according to the preceding claim, wherein the pole piece is a wound sheet metal strip formed by a strip whose width is constant corresponding to the smallest distance between the rear face and the outer surface.

The armature of claim 8, wherein the band is of decreasing or increasing width to form an outer surface of concave or convex shape, respectively.

1 1 / armature according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ring is a solid piece or a rolled sheet and the teeth are fixed on this ring.

12 / rotary electrical machine comprising an armature according to one of the preceding claims and a claw inductor comprising an axis X, the inductor comprising air gap surfaces arranged to be vis-à-vis Γ armature of a machine electric along the X axis. Rotary electrical machine according to the preceding claim, comprising a set of soft ferromagnetic material (such as mild steel) comprising: a ring around an axis X forming the core of the inductor, comprising a first internal surface,

A first portion extending axially from the first inner surface of the ring,

A second portion extending from an axial end of the

first portion farthest from the ring, in the direction of the X axis, a coil mounted in the assembly about the X axis between the first inner surface of the crown and the second portions of each claw of each group and between the first portions of the first group and the first portions of the second group.

14 / Alternator comprising an electric machine according to one of claims 12 and 13 comprising

at. a tree including the X axis,

b. in which the number of claws of the inductor per group of claws is between 5 and 8 and in that the inductor is mounted on a shaft connected in rotation with the shaft,

vs. an armature according to one of claims 1 to 11 mounted around free to rotate about the shaft, the armature forming a stator and being vis-à-vis axially of the inductor, comprising

i. a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an outer surface facing the surfaces of the second portions of the claws, the outer surfaces of the teeth being of complementary shape with the external surfaces of the second portions of the claws forming an air gap,

ii. at least three coils, each coil forming a phase of the armature mounted in notches between the teeth of the armature.

15 / A starter comprising an electric machine according to one of claims 12 and 13 comprising

d. a tree including the X axis, e. in which the number of claws of the inductor per group of claws is between 2 and 4 and in that the inductor is mounted around the free shaft in rotation with the latter forming the stator,

f. an armature according to one of claims 1 to 11, fixedly mounted on the shaft forming the rotor vis-à-vis axially of the inductor, comprising a plurality of teeth, each of the teeth having an outer surface facing of surfaces of the second portions of the claws, the outer surfaces of the teeth being of complementary shape with the external surfaces of the second portions of the claws forming an air gap, the armature comprising a winding mounted in notches between the teeth of the armature,

boy Wut. a collector mounted on the shaft connected in rotation therewith comprising blades connecting the windings of the armature.