WO2017219052A1

WO2017219052A1 - Assembly for converting thermal energy into kinetic or electric energy

Info

Publication number: WO2017219052A1
Application number: PCT/AT2016/000068
Authority: WO
Inventors: Siegfried Prugner; Michael ROHRMAIR; Adolf PRUGNER
Original assignee: CZADUL, Julia
Priority date: 2016-06-20
Filing date: 2016-06-20
Publication date: 2017-12-28

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly (1) for converting thermal energy into kinetic or electric energy, comprising a first heat exchanger (2) in which a fluid flowing through the heat exchanger is heated. The pressurized and gaseous fluid is then supplied to a motor or a turbine (6) coupled to a generator (7), wherein the thermal energy of the fluid is converted into kinetic or electric energy in the motor or the turbine. The motor or the turbine (6) is connected upstream of at least one additional motor or an additional turbine (11, 16), in which the thermal energy is converted into kinetic or electric energy at a lower temperature and/or pressure level than in the upstream stage of a motor or a turbine (6), whereby a correspondingly increased overall degree of efficiency of such an assembly for converting energy can be achieved.

Description

Arrangement for converting thermal energy into motion or electrical energy

The present invention relates to a device for converting thermal energy into motive or electrical energy with a first heat exchanger in which a fluid flowing therethrough is heated, after which the pressurized and gaseous fluid is supplied to a motor or to a turbine coupled to a generator in which the thermal energy of the fluid is converted into motion or electrical energy.

Such arrangements for the conversion of thermal energy into motive or electrical energy are in

different embodiments known, wherein

For example, in connection with a steam power plant fluid, in particular water, in at least one

Heat exchanger accordingly heated and subsequently

For example, a turbine is supplied, which with a generator for generating electrical energy

is coupled.

Instead of a turbine, which serves by a coupling with a generator for generating electrical energy, the heated or heated and in particular gaseous or vaporous fluid, a motor for the provision of

Motion energy to be supplied.

A disadvantage of such known embodiments is in particular the fact that for an efficient

Operation of a motor or one with a generator

coupled turbine used the fluid used a relatively high temperature and high pressure must have in order to operate the downstream turbine or the downstream motor so. In a conversion of thermal energy into motive or electrical energy is a decrease in both the

Temperature as well as the pressure of the fluid used, but both the temperature and the pressure of the fluid after the engine or after the turbine to environmental conditions usually have elevated values, so that the energy thus remaining in the fluid usually in known systems essentially lost unused. Thus, the efficiency of converting thermal energy into kinetic energy or electrical energy is limited in such known single-stage plants.

The present invention therefore aims to avoid or at least reduce the abovementioned disadvantages of known systems and in particular to increase the efficiency of such a system or arrangement for converting thermal energy into motive or electrical energy, in order in particular to use those

thermal energy more effective in particular to

Providing electrical energy.

To solve these problems is an arrangement for

Conversion of thermal energy into motion or

electrical energy of the type mentioned in the

Essentially characterized in that the motor or the turbine is followed by at least one further motor or another turbine, in which (r) a conversion of thermal energy into motive or electrical energy with respect to the upstream stage of a motor or a turbine reduced temperature - and or Pressure level is performed. As a result of that

According to the invention, the first stage, which comprises at least one heat exchanger and an associated or associated motor or an associated turbine, at least one further motor or a further turbine is connected downstream, succeeds in the fluid after passing through the motor or the Use first stage turbine corresponding residual energy accordingly, since in the

Downstream engine or the downstream turbine, a further conversion of thermal energy in

Movement or electrical energy is carried out or carried out in relation to the preceding stage reduced temperature and / or pressure level. By an appropriate design of the downstream engine or the downstream turbine thus remaining in the fluid after passing through the first stage residual energy level can be used accordingly, so that the efficiency of such an inventive arrangement, which at least one further stage of an engine or

a turbine for converting thermal energy into

Motion or electrical energy includes, compared to known single-stage systems can be increased.

To further increase the efficiency of a

Inventive arrangement is proposed according to a preferred embodiment, that the fluid before passing through a downstream engine or a downstream turbine at least one other

Heat exchanger can be fed, in which the after

Use for the operation of a preceding engine or a preceding turbine remaining heat for heating the fluid is available. By providing at least one such further heat exchanger, the Temperature and / or pressure level in the

downstream stage are used to be used at least partially raised fluid, so that in such a way the overall efficiency of the invention

Arrangement can be improved. To lift the

Temperature and / or pressure levels of in the

Downstream stage used fluid is hereby advantageously the residual energy,

In particular, the remaining thermal energy used, the fluid of a preceding stage, in particular the immediately preceding stage, after the

Energy conversion in the engine or the turbine has.

In order to raise the temperature and / or pressure level of the fluid used in the downstream stage, heat is removed from the fluid coming from a preceding stage in the further heat exchanger, so that the latter preferably condenses, while the fluid of the

downstream stage is preferably brought to the vapor state.

To optimize such a system, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that three stages each having at least one heat exchanger and an associated engine or an associated turbine are provided. Such three stages, each comprising at least one heat exchanger and a

associated motor or an associated turbine, can be in a cascade-like arrangement

use according optimized design effort.

In addition, to use any residual heat remaining after a final stage, it is proposed that that the fluid after a last motor or a last turbine to a final heat exchanger for

Provision of heat energy can be supplied to external consumers, as a further preferred

Embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention corresponds.

In particular, to simplify the fluid circuit in the at least two stages of the inventive arrangement for the conversion of thermal energy into motion or

electrical energy is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment, that the fluid is guided in a closed circuit through the plurality of at least one respective heat exchanger and a motor or a turbine having stages. By using a common fluid in a closed circuit in the plurality of stages, the equipment complexity for the provision of the different

Reduce components of the multiple stages of the inventive arrangement with a correspondingly increased efficiency total.

According to an alternative embodiment of the

Arrangement according to the invention it is proposed that in each case a closed circuit of the fluid in each case at least one heat exchanger and an associated turbine or an associated motor having stage is provided, each with separate circulating pumps. By such a separation of the individual fluid circuits can be in a simple and reliable manner, the temperature and / or pressure control in the individual stages at least partially independent of the other stages of

inventive arrangement can be optimized. To further improve the efficiency and to optimize the structural design of the

Inventive arrangement is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment, that fluids have at least partially different chemical and physical properties. In particular, it can be provided that a fluid in a fluid circuit of the first stage has a higher boiling point than a fluid in a fluid circuit of at least one

downstream stage.

In this context, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the fluids in a conventional manner of water or organic media, such as hydrocarbons or silicone oils

are formed.

To further improve the overall efficiency of the arrangement according to the invention and in particular to avoid or reduce the use of non-sustainable fuels for generating thermal energy is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that at least the first stage associated

Heat exchanger at least partially with solar energy

is available.

To further optimize the overall efficiency of a system or arrangement according to the invention, it is proposed that at least one heat exchanger is flowed through in counterflow of fluids of different stages, as corresponds to a further preferred embodiment. In the at least one heat exchanger of a downstream stage thus the residual heat of the fluid or of the fluids two different stages preceded to

Heating the fluid used downstream stage

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the

Invention is provided that the fluid before a

Passage through a downstream engine or a downstream turbine in the respective stage

one after the other two heat exchangers can be fed. The fluid is thus heated in two stages, namely first in a first of the two further heat exchangers and then in a second of the two further heat exchangers.

In particular, it may be provided in this connection that in a first of the two further heat exchangers, the heat remaining after use for the operation of a preceding motor or a preceding turbine is available for heating the fluid and that in a second of the two further heat exchangers one of externally supplied thermal energy for further heating of the fluid is available.

With the arrangement of two successively flowed through further heat exchangers, the flexibility in the

Operation of the respective stages increased. Thus, the first of the two further heat exchangers may be used to heat the fluid in the liquid state, and the second of the two further heat exchangers may be used to evaporate the fluid heated in the first heat exchanger. Alternatively, the fluid may already be evaporated in the first heat exchanger so that the second heat exchanger can be used to overheat the steam. Another advantage is that the supplied for the operation of the second heat exchanger external Energy according to the respective needs,

in particular for optimizing the operation of the

respective engine or turbine can be adjusted in a simple manner. This is in contrast to the first one

Heat exchanger, in which with the not readily available

adjustable, coming from the upstream stage residual heat must be worked. This residual heat results from the settings of the preceding stage, which are usually with a view to maximizing the

Efficiency is operated to operate the engine or the turbine of the upstream stage.

Due to the adjustability of the energy supplied externally to the second heat exchanger, the mass flow of the working fluid to be heated or evaporated of the respective stage can also be varied, in particular with regard to achieving optimum performance of the engine or of the turbine.

Altogether, the energy supplied externally via the second heat exchanger can thus be selected in the second and optionally further downstream stage (s) such that in each of the downstream stages an optimization of the energy conversion in the engine or turbine independent of the other stages takes place succeed.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an inventive arrangement for converting thermal energy into motive or electrical energy; Fig. 2 in a similar to Fig. 1 representation of a modified embodiment of a inventive arrangement for converting thermal energy into motive or electrical energy; and FIG. 3 again, similar to the representation according to FIG. 1, shows a further modified embodiment of a device according to the invention

Arrangement for converting thermal energy into motion or electrical energy.

For the following detailed description of

different embodiments will be introductory

noted that only for an understanding of

Formation of the inventive arrangement for converting thermal energy into motion or electrical energy essential elements will be described in greater detail.

In Fig. 1, a plant for converting thermal energy into motion or electrical energy is generally denoted by 1, wherein in a first stage, a heat exchanger 2 is provided, with which, for example via a non-illustrated solar device via a supply line 3, an energy supply he follows. In the heat exchanger 2, heating or heating of a fluid supplied via a line 4, which subsequently takes the form of high-pressure steam via a line 5 of a turbine 6, takes place

is supplied. The turbine 6 is coupled to a generator 7. In the coupled with the generator 7 turbine 6 is a conversion or conversion of thermal energy, as they mediate the heat exchanger 2 for

Is provided in electrical energy.

Instead of the turbine 6, which with the generator. 7

coupled, may also be provided for converting the thermal energy, a motor with which a conversion the thermal energy is provided in kinetic energy.

The emerging from the turbine 6 fluid is supplied via a line 8 to a further heat exchanger 9, in which a heating or heating of a

Fluid line 10 supplied fluid is made in countercurrent. This fluid is in turn converted in the heat exchanger 9 into a high-pressure steam, which is supplied via a line 10 to a further turbine 11, which, like the turbine 6, is in turn coupled to a generator 12.

Similar to the two first-mentioned stages, in each of which a heat exchanger 2 or 9 is provided for providing high-pressure steam, which is subsequently supplied to a downstream turbine 6 or 11, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a further heat exchanger 13 a further stage provided in which via a supply line 14 supplied fluid

is again heated in particular in countercurrent, so that high pressure steam is supplied via a line 15 to another turbine 16, which is similar to the two turbines of the previous stages coupled to a generator 17.

In the heat exchanger 13 takes place in such a way

Heat recovery from the second stage of the

Turbine 11 via a line 18 recirculated fluid.

For further recovery of residual heat, a further heat exchanger 19 is indicated in Fig. 1, which residual heat from the preceding stages in each case for the conversion of thermal Energy is supplied in moving or electrical energy, wherein the heat to be emitted in the heat exchanger 19, for example, a schematically indicated heating, for example, a floor heating 20 is supplied.

Another energy recovery succeeds in one

additional heat exchanger 21 and another

Residual heat exchanger 22. From the representation of FIG. 1 it can be seen that all stages of the cascade arranged

series-connected units for converting thermal energy into motive or electrical energy, each having at least one heat exchanger 2, 9 and 13 and a turbine 6, 11 and 16 coupled thereto, are operated with a common fluid, wherein a reservoir for the common fluid 23 is indicated and for a circulation of the fluid, a pump 24th

is provided.

The individual stages or units for converting respective thermal energy into motive or electrical energy in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are operated, for example, using an organic medium as fluid at the following temperature parameters.

From the heat exchanger 2 is via the line 5 gaseous fluid having a temperature of 100 ° C of the turbine. 6

fed, whereupon via the line 8, the fluid is withdrawn at a temperature of about 80 ° C.

In the following stage is by heating in the heat exchanger 9 according to the countercurrent principle via the line 10, the fluid is supplied at a temperature of about 75 ° C of the turbine 11, wherein it is discharged at a temperature of about 55 ° C from the turbine. After a further heat exchange in the heat exchanger 13 of the turbine 16 of the third stage, the fluid is supplied at a temperature of about 53 ° C and at a

Temperature of about 35 ° C deducted from this. Such can in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the

Turbines with a power of about 3 kW for the turbine 6, of about 2 kW for the turbine 11 and about 1 kW for the turbine 16 are operated, so that it can be seen immediately that compared to a single-stage formation of an assembly for conversion Thermal energy in motion or electrical energy can achieve a correspondingly increased efficiency of the entire system, in particular in connection with a provision of electrical energy.

In the illustration according to FIG. 2, a modified embodiment of an arrangement 101 for conversion

shown in thermal or electrical energy, wherein the same elements or components are each provided with a reference numeral, which is compared to the components or elements of the embodiment of FIG. 1 increased by "100".

So is also in the embodiment of FIG. 2

can be seen that three stages are provided in the manner of a cascade, wherein in each case a heat exchanger 102, 109 and 113 with a turbine 106, 111 and 116 and a coupled generator 107, 112 and 117 is provided.

The stages shown in FIG. 2 are also in each case at different temperature and / or pressure levels

operated, wherein a significant difference compared to the embodiment of FIG. 1 is that, as stated above, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a common fluid for all fluid circuits of the three stages

is provided, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 2, three reservoirs 123a, 123b and 123c are provided, each with a pump 124a, 124b and 124c

are coupled and to supply the individual

Serve fluid circuits.

Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, additional heat exchangers 119, 121 and 122 for

Recovery of residual heat provided. By providing the separate fluid circuits and the reservoir 123 a, 123 b and 123 c different fluids can be used, so that a further improvement of the overall efficiency by

appropriate coordination of the chemical-physical

Properties of the individual fluids in the different fluid circuits with the design features,

in particular the associated heat exchanger as well as the turbines and the coupled generators is possible.

In Fig. 3, another modified embodiment of an arrangement 201 for converting thermal energy into moving or electrical energy is shown, wherein again the same elements or components with a

1, which is increased by "200" from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. As with the previous embodiments, three stages are again provided in a cascade arrangement, wherein in a first stage the heat exchanger or evaporator 202 is coupled to a turbine 206 which is with a

Generator 207 is coupled. In a second stage, a heat exchanger or condenser 209 and a turbine 211 and a generator 212 are provided, while in a third stage, a heat exchanger or condenser 213 and a turbine 216 and a generator 217 are provided. While in the embodiment of FIG. 1 is a common

Fluid is provided in all circuits or stages and are provided for the embodiment of FIG. 2 in the individual stages or circuits different fluids, in the embodiment of FIG. 3 in the first circuit, a first fluid, for example water provided while in the second and third circuit, for example, a respective identical fluid, for example, SES 36, in particular in a separate circuit is provided. In addition to a recovery of the residual heat from the first stage in the heat exchanger or condenser 209 downstream of this heat exchanger 209, a further heat exchanger or evaporator 225 is provided, which as well as the first heat exchanger or evaporator 202 from the outside via a supply line 226 energy is supplied. In this way, the second turbine 211 can in turn be steamed by the heat exchangers 209 and 226 arranged one behind the other increased pressure for conversion into electrical energy in the generator 212 are supplied.

Similar to the second stage, the turbine 216 of the third stage is adjacent to the heat exchanger or

Capacitor 213 for the recovery of residual heat

especially from the second stage another

Heat exchanger or evaporator 227 is provided, which in turn is supplied with energy from the outside via a supply line 228 as well as in the previous stages to again the third stage fluid, for example SES 36, the turbine 216 with a correspondingly high temperature and high pressure for conversion into electrical energy in the

Supply generator 217.

In addition, in FIG. 3 circulation pumps in the individual fluid circuits are designated by 229, 230 and 231. The

Fluid circuits are formed as follows. in the

After passing through the turbine 206, the fluid passes through the second stage heat exchanger 209, where a residual heat of the fluid for heating or evaporating the fluid of the second

Fluid circuit is used. Thereafter, the fluid passes through the third stage heat exchanger 213, in which a

Restwärme the fluid is used to heat the fluid of the third fluid circuit. Thereafter, the fluid is supplied via the circulation pump 229 to the heat exchanger of the first stage. In the fluid circuit of the second stage, the fluid is passed through the turbine 211 through the heat exchanger 213 of the third stage, where a residual heat of the fluid for heating or evaporation of the fluid of the third Fluid circuit is used. After that, the fluid becomes

optionally a final heat exchanger 219 to

Provision of heat energy to external consumers 220 and a residual heat exchanger 222 supplied. Finally, the fluid is supplied via the circulation pump 230 to the heat exchangers 209 and 225 of the second stage to be brought back to the energy level required for the operation of the turbine 211. In the fluid circuit of the third stage, the fluid is also supplied to the final heat exchanger 219 for providing heat energy to external consumers 220 and the residual heat exchanger 222 after passing through the turbine 216. Thereafter, the fluid is supplied via the circulation pump 231 to the heat exchangers 213 and 227 of the third stage to return to that for the operation of the turbine 216

required energy level to be brought.

For example, the following temperature and pressure parameters are used for the embodiment shown in FIG.

Via the line 205, the turbine 206 is supplied as fluid water or water vapor at 160 ° C and a pressure of 5 bar. After the turbine, the water vapor has a

Temperature of about 130 ° C to 140 ° C at a pressure of 0.1 to 0.2 bar overpressure.

The second turbine becomes a different one from water

Fluid, for example, in turn, an organic fluid, in particular SES 36 at a temperature of 100 ° C and a pressure of 5 bar, while the turbine 211 at a temperature of, for example, about 75 ° C and again leaves a slight overpressure.

The third turbine 216 is supplied with the fluid, for example, SES 36 at a temperature of 60 ° C, leaving the turbine at a temperature of about 35-40 ° C.

The first heat exchanger or evaporator 202 are about 122 kW supplied, so that the turbine 206 below

Based on a body of water of 160 liters

Steam quantity of about 50 m ³ at 5 bar at one

Operating temperature of 160 ° C is supplied. After passing through the first turbine 206, a residual energy of about 100 kW in the downstream heat exchanger or

Condenser 209 second stage delivered to the second stage, in addition to the evaporator or

Heat exchanger 225 177 kW are supplied, so that the second turbine 211 a total of about 277 kW are available.

The third stage is the total residual heat, consisting of the liquid (condensate) from the first stage, which is received in the heat exchanger 213, and from the total heat of condensation of the fluid vapor from the turbine 211, which is also recorded in the heat exchanger 213, and on the Heat exchanger or evaporator 227 supplied additional heat and used in the third turbine 216.

As efficiencies, an efficiency of about 11%, for the second turbine 211 an efficiency of about 10%, and for the third turbine 216 an efficiency of about 4% can be assumed for the first turbine 206. Taking into account the amounts of energy supplied and the efficiencies for the turbines 206, 211 and 216, a total energy production of approximately 43 kW of electric power can thus be achieved.

In turn, it can be seen that through the

Cascade-like arrangement of a plurality of stages, each having at least one heat exchanger and a coupled thereto motor or turbine coupled thereto with a generator, overall a correspondingly increased efficiency in the provision of electrical energy over a single-stage training can be achieved, even if for a single-stage system If necessary, slightly higher individual efficiencies could be achieved in particular by possibly higher temperature differences between the inlet and outlet of the turbine.

Claims

Claims:

1. Arrangement for the conversion of thermal energy into

Motion or electrical energy with a first

Heat exchanger in which a flowing fluid is heated, after which the pressurized and gaseous fluid is supplied to a motor or coupled to a generator turbine, in which (r) the thermal

Energy of the fluid is converted into motive or electrical energy, characterized in that the motor or the turbine (6, 106, 206) at least one further motor or a further turbine (11, 16, 111, 116, 211, 216) connected downstream is, in which (r) a conversion of thermal energy into motive or electrical energy on compared to the upstream stage of a motor or a turbine (6, 106, 206) reduced temperature and / or pressure level is performed.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluid before passing through a

downstream engine or a downstream turbine (11, 16, 111, 116, 211, 216) at least one further heat exchanger (9, 13, 109, 113, 209, 213) can be fed, in which the after use for the operation of a

pre-switched motor or an upstream

Turbine (6, 11, 106, 111, 206, 211) remaining heat is used to heat the fluid.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

characterized in that three stages, each having at least one heat exchanger (2, 9, 13, 102, 109, 113, 202, 209, 213) and an associated motor or an associated Turbine (6, 11, 16, 106, 111, 116, 206, 211, 216)

have, are provided.

4. Arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized

characterized in that the fluid after a last motor or a last turbine (16, 116, 216) a

final heat exchanger (19, 119, 219) for

Provision of heat energy to external consumers (20, 120, 220) can be fed.

5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fluid in a closed

Circuit (23) through the plurality of at least one heat exchanger (2, 9, 13) and a motor or a turbine (6, 11, 16) having stages is performed.

6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each case a closed circuit (123a, 123b, 123c) of the fluid in each case at least one heat exchanger (102, 109, 113) and an associated turbine (106, 111, 116) or an associated motor having stage, each with separate circulating pumps (124a, 124b, 124c, 229, 230, 231) is provided.

7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fluids have at least partially different chemical and physical properties.

8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fluids are formed in a conventional manner of water or organic media, such as hydrocarbons or silicone oils.

9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the heat exchanger associated with the first stage (2, 102, 202) at least

partially supplied with solar energy (3, 103, 203).

10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one heat exchanger (9, 13, 109, 113, 209, 213) in countercurrent of fluids

flows through different stages.

11. Arrangement according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the fluid before passing through a downstream motor or a downstream turbine (11, 16, III, 116, 211, 216) in the respective

Step after another two heat exchangers (209, 225, 213, 227) can be fed.

12. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that in a first (209, 213) of the two other

Heat exchanger after use for the operation of a preceding engine or a pre-connected turbine (6, 11, 106, 111, 206, 211) remaining heat for heating the fluid is available and that in a second (225, 227) of the two other Heat exchanger externally supplied thermal energy for further heating of the fluid is available.