WO2017213509A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande d'au moins un appareil électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande d'au moins un appareil électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017213509A1
WO2017213509A1 PCT/NL2017/050386 NL2017050386W WO2017213509A1 WO 2017213509 A1 WO2017213509 A1 WO 2017213509A1 NL 2017050386 W NL2017050386 W NL 2017050386W WO 2017213509 A1 WO2017213509 A1 WO 2017213509A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power demand
grid
electricity
electric apparatus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2017/050386
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Egbert Wouter Joghum Robers
Kaz Marc VERMEER
Jorrit LUCAS
Original Assignee
Peeeks B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peeeks B.V. filed Critical Peeeks B.V.
Priority to EP17732602.2A priority Critical patent/EP3469675A1/fr
Publication of WO2017213509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017213509A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for controlling at least one electric apparatus.
  • the invention relates to controlling the at least one electric apparatus dependent on the state of the electrical grid, that is, the amount of electric energy available on the grid compared to the energy demand at the same time.
  • An electrical grid in itself cannot store energy. At any moment, the amount of electricity generated and put into the grid has to be equal to the amount of electricity drawn by energy consumers. If there is a shortage (the grid as a whole needs more electricity than what is generated) this can lead to a dropping of voltage in the grid, also called a brownout. Brown-outs can damage equipment connected to the grid. Also, the whole grid or parts thereof can experience black-outs: when this occurs the energy transport comes to a full stop and the grid has to be started up completely. If there is a surplus of electricity (i.e. more electricity is generated than what is consumed) this can lead to over voltage, which can also damage equipment connected to or part of the grid. Also these over voltages can result in tripping of safeguards, creating a black out.
  • TSO Transmission System Operator
  • PTUs Program Time Units
  • BRP Balance responsible Party
  • the TSO monitors the actual electricity supply and demand.
  • the power availability on the grid at any moment is the amount of electricity that is generated (supply) minus the amount of energy that is used (demand). If more electricity is generated than demanded, there is an over-capacity. If less electricity is generated than demanded, there is an under-capacity.
  • the TSO takes measures in order to re-balance the grid as soon as possible.
  • authorities can have similar tasks. Examples of other authorities are: DSOs (Distribution System Operators), electricity generators, electric utilities, power exchanges, regulators or demand-response aggregators.
  • DSOs Distribution System Operators
  • the authorities usually have automated systems that perform these tasks automatically. So when we refer to the authority, we particularly mean their APIs, computer systems and/or control systems. This can derived from context.
  • the invention thereto proposes an automated device for controlling at least one electric apparatus, comprising a calculator for calculating an expected power demand of the at least one apparatus for a certain time slot, communication means, for communicating the expected power demand to a power grid operator or transmission system operator, a controller, configured for supplying the predicted amount of power to the apparatus.
  • the device according to the invention thus actually controls the energy use of an apparatus, and contributes to the grid balance, by matching the actual use to the predicted use.
  • This situation can be determined from indicators, which can be combined: The voltage of the electricity grid, the grid frequency, the phase shift of the electricity grid, price signals in the energy market, particularly a published imbalance price. Some of these signals (for example the imbalance price) have a time lag.
  • the invention uses prediction to predict that signal. For this prediction models are used, in combination with the other indicators. These prediction models are trained with historical data. These models can be regression models.
  • the communication means are configured for receiving information on power availability on the grid; and wherein the controller is further configured for supplying more than the predicted power to the at least one electric apparatus when there is public information on the situation of an over-capacity; and supplying less than the predicted power to the at least one electric apparatus when there is public information on the situation of an under-capacity.
  • the communication means may for instance be configured for deriving the information on power availability in the electricity grid via the instantaneous energy price. This price is an indicator for the energy (im)balance of the grid.
  • the invention proposes an apparatus for optimizing electricity use for one or more electricity users. It controls controllable electricity apparatuses, such as cooling machines, electrical heating machines or pump systems. It uses energy measurement to predict the electricity use of the electricity users.
  • An advantage of this method is that energy cost can be lowered without actually lowering electricity usage. On a local level this is the case because parties that supply energy can benefit from the balance in the electricity grid and reimburse the energy user. On a macro level this is also true, because by balancing the electricity grid, there is more room for cheap, sustainable forms of electricity generation such as solar or wind energy, which will lower cost for electricity in the future.
  • An electricity user can be a site with an electricity connection and one or more controllable electricity assets. Also it can be a controllable electricity asset itself; this is an electric apparatus that has a (partially) controlled power consumption. Also an energy user can be an organization owning one or more of the above.
  • the invention is focused on the use in combination with assets of at least 50kW.
  • the cost of application on assets with less power is not in a proper ratio with the effect it can have on the balancing markets.
  • the way that the energy users are monitored can for instance be measuring the electricity use, but instead thereof or in addition thereto measuring the amount of people that work at a location, measuring financial transactions, measuring maintenance of one or more electrical apparatuses.
  • the calculator is configured for calculating the expected power demand of the at least one apparatus based on indirect indicators, different than measured power demand.
  • the predictions of the energy use of an electrical asset may be an important factor in this invention. These predictions are made with forecasting models. These models can range from simple linear regression, but more powerful methods can be used, such as Exponential Triple smoothing: trend and seasonality corrected exponential smoothing (Winter's model), regression of Gaussian processes, neural networks, fuzzy logic and other machine learning or statistical techniques.
  • predictions use other sources than just the energy monitoring to get better predictions such as: personnel roster, financial transactions, good received, goods shipped, Enterprise Resource Planning statistics, maintenance schedule or
  • measurements from other energy users and/or the examples given above measuring the amount of people that work at a location, measuring financial transactions, measuring maintenance of one or more electrical apparatuses.
  • These alternative sources are for instance used as follows.
  • the refrigeration machines are, for safety and comfort, switched off when people are working in the cooled area. This affect the spread of the electricity consumption of this location as they will likely cool more in hours that no personnel is present.
  • the personnel roster can here be used to enhance the prediction of electricity consumption.
  • an ice skating rink's electricity consumption fluctuation can primarily be attributed to the activity of the cooling machines.
  • the type of activities that take place in the ice skating rink greatly affects the needed temperature.
  • the ice needs to have a higher quality than on normal training days. This is done by further decreasing the temperature of the ice, which requires the cooling machines to be more active on those days. This connection with the race schedule can be used to enhance predictions of electricity consumption.
  • the system employs statistical analysis to find the correlation between the indirect indicators and the electrical ones. For this simple correlation methods can be used as well as more advanced techniques, such as Gaussian Processes, neural networks and other Machine Learning techniques. For example there is a relation between visitors and the electrical use of a cooling machine for an ice skating rink. Finding the amount of visitors can come directly from counting systems, cash registers, drinks sold in the cafeteria, but also prognoses based on previous years, day of the week and weather conditions. The same ice skating rink may be influenced by the amount of employees, opening of doors (which need a door sensor) and finance running through books. One or more of these factors can be taken into account.
  • the method can also be used to predict other important parameters, because it has very good knowledge about the energy use. Changes in the energy use can be symptoms of changing use, wear on machines or changes in the business that the energy user is in. Therefore the method according to the invention may be used the method to predict for example: Required resources, such as personnel, forklifts, money or maintenance to electric apparatuses.
  • the method may be used to detect that the situation at the energy user has changed. For example there are more electrical apparatuses installed, or a machine has changed properties, changing the behaviour.
  • An embodiment of the invention consists of a refrigeration machine on a site with a cold store warehouse.
  • the refrigeration machine is at least partially controlled by a box that communicates to the cooling machine, giving set points for power or temperature, also the box gets information from the cooling machine, for example: various temperatures, power, currents, voltages, warnings, errors, or messages.
  • the box also connects to a server that hosts the predictor.
  • the server also is connected to power measurements of the site where the refrigeration machine is located. For example the entire-site power or the power of major electricity users, including the refrigeration machine are measured in near-real time.
  • the server hosts a controller that decides what the refrigeration machine should do. These decisions are communicated back to the box that gives set points to the refrigeration machine.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling at least one electric apparatus, comprising the steps of calculating an expected power demand of the at least one apparatus for a certain time slot,
  • the method may further comprise the steps of receiving information on power availability in the electricity grid, supplying more than the predicted power to the at least one electric apparatus when there is an over-capacity communicated by the grid operator or transmission system operator, and supplying less than the predicted power to the at least one electric apparatus when there is an under-capacity communicated by the grid operator or transmission system operator.
  • the method comprises the step of deriving the information on power availability in the electricity grid via the instantaneous energy price, or the step of deriving the information on power availability from calculating the expected power demand of the at least one apparatus based on indirect indicators, different than measured power demand.
  • the electricity user has to prove that a certain amount of energy or power or a change in power is used or generated. This proof has to be given to an authority, such as a TSO or a BRP. This prove usually is electricity meter data.
  • a blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a continuously-growing list of data records hardened against tampering and revision. It consists of data structure blocks which hold exclusively data in initial blockchain implementations, and both data and programs in some of the more recent implementations with each block holding batches of individual (trans)actions and the results of any blockchain executables. Each block contains a timestamp and information linking it to a previous block. To a blockchain, energy transaction need to take place. The blockchain registers these transactions.
  • a bitcoin address is generated randomly, and is simply a sequence of letters and numbers.
  • the private key is another sequence of letters and numbers, but unlike the bitcoin address, this is kept secret.
  • a bitcoin address may be considered as a safe deposit box with a glass front.
  • transactions of Energy are made (kWh) in a certain time slot.
  • the measurements of the energy use at a certain site can be inserted into the block chain as well, to get verified energy uses.
  • the energy meter can contain and/or generate private keys.
  • the information can be requested from the block chain by simply requesting the verified transactions from the actors in the network.
  • the blockchain can also be used to differentiate between two actors on a single measurement point, such as two energy suppliers on a single connection, two demand- response aggregators in a (sub-)grid or even suppliers, aggregators and individual users in a more complex structure. In those cases all the actions of each actor, agreements between the actors and regulation can be added into the blockchain.
  • the aforementioned authority can be partially or fully a blockchain. In that case the authority would be a DAO (A decentralized autonomous organization).
  • a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is a organization that is run through rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts. A DAO's financial transaction record and program rules are maintained on a blockchain.
  • the blockchain is used in combination with smart contracts.
  • Smart contracts are computer protocols that facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract, or that make a contractual clause unnecessary.
  • Smart contracts usually also have a user interface and often emulate the logic of contractual clauses. Clauses may thus be made partially or fully self-executing, self-enforcing, or both.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de commande d'au moins un appareil électrique, comprenant un calculateur pour calculer une demande de puissance attendue dudit ou desdits appareils pendant un certain intervalle de temps, des moyens de communication, pour communiquer la demande de puissance attendue à un opérateur de réseau électrique ou à un opérateur de système de transmission, et un dispositif de commande, conçu pour fournir la quantité prévue de puissance à l'appareil.
PCT/NL2017/050386 2016-06-10 2017-06-09 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'au moins un appareil électrique WO2017213509A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17732602.2A EP3469675A1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2017-06-09 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'au moins un appareil électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2016935A NL2016935B1 (en) 2016-06-10 2016-06-10 Method and device for controlling at least one electric apparatus
NL2016935 2016-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017213509A1 true WO2017213509A1 (fr) 2017-12-14

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NL (1) NL2016935B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017213509A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003023675A2 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Abb Ab Procede et systeme de calcul d'une demande d'energie
US20040254654A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 Donnelly Matthew K. Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems
US20100060079A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 International Business Machines Corporation method and system for organizing and optimizing electricity consumption
US20100314942A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Google Inc. Supplying grid ancillary services using controllable loads
US20120221163A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2012-08-30 Forbes Jr Joseph W Systems and methods for determining and utilizing customer energy profiles for load control for individual structures, devices, and aggregation of same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003023675A2 (fr) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Abb Ab Procede et systeme de calcul d'une demande d'energie
US20040254654A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-16 Donnelly Matthew K. Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems
US20120221163A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2012-08-30 Forbes Jr Joseph W Systems and methods for determining and utilizing customer energy profiles for load control for individual structures, devices, and aggregation of same
US20100060079A1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-03-11 International Business Machines Corporation method and system for organizing and optimizing electricity consumption
US20100314942A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Google Inc. Supplying grid ancillary services using controllable loads

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL2016935A (en) 2017-12-20
NL2016935B1 (en) 2018-01-16
EP3469675A1 (fr) 2019-04-17

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