WO2017211169A1 - 链路测试方法和装置及系统 - Google Patents

链路测试方法和装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017211169A1
WO2017211169A1 PCT/CN2017/084951 CN2017084951W WO2017211169A1 WO 2017211169 A1 WO2017211169 A1 WO 2017211169A1 CN 2017084951 W CN2017084951 W CN 2017084951W WO 2017211169 A1 WO2017211169 A1 WO 2017211169A1
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Prior art keywords
test
packet
message
transmitter
reflector
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PCT/CN2017/084951
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
窦战伟
郭俊
卢伟
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017211169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017211169A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0829—Packet loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a link test method and apparatus and system.
  • TWAMP Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
  • TWAMP-Control TWAMP Control Protocol
  • TWAMP-Test TWAMP Test Protocol
  • TWAMP usually consists of 4 logical entities.
  • the simple architecture is shown in Figure 1:
  • Control-Client The TWAMP test initiator sends a control connection request to the server entity, the communication mode of the negotiation packet, and the port number of the test packet received by the Session-Reflector. Control-Client controls the start and end of the TWAMP-Test session.
  • Server Receives the connection request sent from the Control-Client, negotiates the message communication mode with the Control-Client, and the port number of the test message received by the Session-Reflector.
  • the server side manages one or more TEAMP-Test sessions.
  • Session-Sender A node that sends a test packet to the Session-Reflector in the TWAMP-Test session, receives the test packet from the Session-Reflector reflection session, collects performance information, and collects the test result.
  • Session-Reflector In the TWAMP-Test session, it receives the test message from the Session-Sender and sends a response message.
  • the Session-Sender first sends a test packet to the Session-Reflector (as shown in Figure 2).
  • the test packet contains the sequence number and timestamp of the packet.
  • the Session-Reflector After receiving the test packet sent by the Session-Sender, the Session-Reflector reflects the test packet back to the Session-Sender, and adds its own packet timestamp, packet timestamp, and packet to the reflected test packet. Serial number and other information (as shown in Figure 3).
  • the Session-Sender collects the packet information and performs IP performance measurement.
  • the packet-timestamp of the Session-Sender is defined as T1 in the above process
  • the packet timestamp is defined as T4
  • the packet-timestamp of the Session-Reflector is defined as T2
  • Reverse link delay T4-T3 (meaningful in the case of network clock synchronization, meaningless in other cases).
  • TxC the number of packets sent by the Session-Sender
  • RxC the number of packets sent by the Session-Reflector
  • the related TWAMP protocol is a standard protocol for IP network performance measurement.
  • the TWAMP control protocol and the TWAMP test protocol need to be run simultaneously, which requires the deployed device to have the ability to run TCP/IP protocol and IP. Forwarding capabilities, otherwise, TWAMP will be more difficult to deploy.
  • the network may have both Layer 2 (L2) services and Layer 3 (L3) services.
  • L2 Layer 2
  • L3 Layer 3
  • the access layer uses L2.
  • the MPLS-TP L2 VPN service is deployed on the VPN.
  • the MPLS-TP L3 VPN service is deployed on the core layer.
  • the L2 and L3 services are bridged and interconnected through the bridge device.
  • the network device In an L2 network deployed without an IP address, the network device cannot run the TCP/IP protocol, such as the L2 access and aggregation network in FIG. Since the standard TWAMP protocol is based on the TCP/IP protocol, it is not possible to deploy the standard TWAMP protocol in L2 networks for L2 end-to-end or L2 to L3 end-to-end link performance metrics.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a link testing method, apparatus, and system, to at least solve the problem of low testing efficiency when testing a network link in the related art.
  • a link testing method including: obtaining a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, wherein the test message is used to use a test protocol in a two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP Test the current link; send it to the reflector Sending the test packet; identifying the response packet sent by the reflector in response to the test packet, wherein the response packet matches a flow matching rule of a pre-configured transmitter; and acquiring the current link according to the response packet Test results.
  • the method further includes: configuring a transmit parameter of the transmitter, where the at least the transmit parameter includes an Internet Protocol (IP) IP using the terminal device.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the address is a virtual source IP address, where the terminal device includes at least one of the following: a base station controller, a user edge router; generating a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the foregoing transmitting parameter; or configuring a transmitting parameter of the transmitter, where At least one of the above-mentioned transmitting parameters includes an Internet Protocol IP address of the end device as a virtual destination IP address, wherein the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller and a user edge router; and generates a stream of the transmitter according to the foregoing transmitting parameter. Match rules.
  • the generating a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the foregoing sending parameter includes: generating, according to the packet information in the test packet, a flow matching rule of the transmitter, where the flow matching rule of the transmitter includes the following at least A source IP address, a destination IP address, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number, a destination UDP user datagram protocol (User Datagram Protocol) port number, and a differential service code point DSCP information.
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • User Datagram Protocol User Datagram Protocol
  • the method before the obtaining the test packet by using the user network interface to simulate the input packet, includes: configuring a Layer 3 service virtual interface on the Layer 2 device where the transmitter is located, and configuring a predetermined IP address for the Layer 3 service virtual interface.
  • the Layer 3 service virtual interface is used to trigger the address resolution protocol ARP during offline testing.
  • the foregoing identifying the response message sent by the reflector in response to the test packet includes: receiving a message; performing parameter matching on the received message according to the flow matching rule of the transmitter; and when the parameter matching is successful, Then, it is determined that the message is the response message sent by the reflector.
  • the foregoing obtaining the test result of the current link according to the foregoing response message includes: Obtaining a test delay and/or a packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link according to the foregoing response packet; and sending the first alarm information when the test delay and/or the packet loss rate meets a preset threshold condition.
  • the obtaining the test delay obtained by testing the current link according to the foregoing response packet includes: acquiring the following timestamp carried in the response packet: the first timestamp of the transmitter sending the test packet, The reflector receives the second timestamp of the test packet, the third timestamp of the reflector sending the response packet, and acquires a fourth timestamp of the transmitter receiving the response packet; according to the first timestamp, The second timestamp, the third timestamp, and the fourth timestamp obtain the following at least one test delay: a forward delay of the current link, a reverse delay of the current link, and the current link. Loop delay.
  • the obtaining, according to the foregoing response packet, the packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link includes: obtaining the number of packets sent by the transmitter to send the test packet, and receiving the number of packets receiving the response packet; The difference between the number of packets and the number of packets sent above obtains the packet loss rate.
  • the method further includes: if the response packet is not received within a predetermined period, determining that the current link has a connectivity fault, and sending the second alarm information.
  • the device where the transmitter is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the device where the reflector is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the foregoing bridge A device is a device used to connect a Layer 2 aggregation network and a Layer 3 core network.
  • a link testing method including: receiving a message through a user network interface; and identifying, according to a pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the message is a test sent by a transmitter a message, wherein the test message is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP; and when the test message is identified, the response message is generated in response to the test message; The transmitter sends the above response message.
  • the method before receiving the packet by using the user network interface, the method further includes: configuring a reflection parameter of the reflector; and generating a flow matching rule of the reflector according to the reflection parameter, where
  • the flow matching rule of the reflector includes at least one of the following: a source Internet Protocol IP address, a destination Internet Protocol IP address, a source user datagram protocol UDP port number, a destination UDP user datagram protocol port number, and a differential service code point DSCP. information.
  • the determining, according to the flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector, whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter includes: performing parameter matching on the received packet according to the flow matching rule of the reflector; When the parameter matching is successful, it is determined that the above message is the test message sent by the transmitter.
  • a link testing method including: the transmitter obtains a test packet by using a user network interface of the transmitter to simulate an input message, where the test message is used to use two-way.
  • the test protocol in the active measurement protocol TWAMP tests the current link; and sends the test message to the reflector; the reflector receives the message through the user network interface of the reflector; the reflector is based on a pre-configured reflector
  • the flow matching rule identifies whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter.
  • the reflector When the test packet is identified, the reflector generates a response packet in response to the test packet, and sends the response packet to the transmitter.
  • the transmitter identifies the response message sent by the reflector, wherein the response message matches a pre-configured flow matching rule of the transmitter; and the transmitter obtains the current link according to the response message. Test Results.
  • a link testing device where the device is located in a transmitter, the device includes: an analog unit, configured to obtain a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, where The test message is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP; the first sending unit is configured to send the test message to the reflector; and the identifying unit is configured to identify the reflector to respond to the test.
  • the response message sent by the message wherein the response message matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; the obtaining unit acquires the test result of the current link according to the response message.
  • the method further includes: a first configuration unit, configured to configure a transmit parameter of the transmitter before the foregoing test message is obtained by simulating an input message through a user network interface, where the foregoing transmit parameter includes at least an end device
  • the Internet Protocol IP address is used as the virtual source IP address.
  • the Internet Protocol IP address of the end device is used as the virtual destination IP address, wherein the end device includes at least one of the following: a base station controller, a user edge router, and a generating unit, configured to generate the flow of the transmitter according to the foregoing sending parameter. Match rules.
  • the generating unit includes: a generating module, configured to generate, according to the packet information in the test packet, a flow matching rule of the transmitter, where the flow matching rule of the transmitter includes at least one of the following: a source IP Address, destination IP address, source user datagram protocol UDP port number, destination user datagram protocol UDP port number, and differentiated service code point DSCP information.
  • a generating module configured to generate, according to the packet information in the test packet, a flow matching rule of the transmitter, where the flow matching rule of the transmitter includes at least one of the following: a source IP Address, destination IP address, source user datagram protocol UDP port number, destination user datagram protocol UDP port number, and differentiated service code point DSCP information.
  • the method further includes: a second configuration unit, configured to configure a Layer 3 service virtual interface on the Layer 2 device where the transmitter is located before obtaining the test packet by using the user network interface to simulate the input packet, and configuring the Layer 3 service virtual interface
  • the service virtual interface is configured with a predetermined IP address, where the Layer 3 service virtual interface is used to trigger the address resolution protocol ARP during offline testing.
  • the foregoing identifying unit includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a message; and a matching module configured to perform parameter matching on the received message according to the flow matching rule of the transmitter; and the identifying module is configured to match the parameter If successful, it is determined that the message is the response message sent by the reflector.
  • the acquiring unit includes: a first acquiring module, configured to acquire a test delay and/or a packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet; and the first sending module is configured to be in the foregoing test The first alarm information is sent when the delay and/or the packet loss rate meets the preset threshold condition.
  • the method further includes: a second sending unit, configured to determine that the current link has a connectivity fault when the response message is not received within a predetermined period after the transmitter sends the test packet to the reflector, Send the second alarm information.
  • a second sending unit configured to determine that the current link has a connectivity fault when the response message is not received within a predetermined period after the transmitter sends the test packet to the reflector, Send the second alarm information.
  • the device where the transmitter is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the device where the reflector is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the foregoing bridge A device is a device used to connect a Layer 2 aggregation network and a Layer 3 core network.
  • a link testing device the device The device is located at the reflector, and the device includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive a message by using a user network interface, and an identifying unit, configured to identify, according to a pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the message is a test message sent by the transmitter,
  • the test packet is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP.
  • the first generating unit is configured to generate a response report in response to the test packet when the test packet is identified.
  • a sending unit configured to send the response message to the transmitter.
  • the method further includes: a configuration unit, configured to configure a reflection parameter of the reflector before receiving the message through the user network interface; and a second generating unit, configured to generate a flow matching rule of the reflector according to the reflection parameter
  • the flow matching rule of the reflector includes at least one of the following: a source Internet Protocol IP address, a destination Internet Protocol IP address, a source user datagram protocol UDP port number, a destination user datagram protocol UDP port number, and a differential service code point.
  • DSCP information is included in the flow matching rule of the reflector.
  • the identifying unit includes: a matching module, configured to perform parameter matching on the received message according to the flow matching rule of the reflector; and the identifying module is configured to: when the parameter matching is successful, determine to identify the report The above test message sent by the above transmitter.
  • a link test system including: a device where a transmitter is located, where the transmitter is configured to: obtain a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, where The test packet is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP; the test packet is sent to the reflector; and the response message sent by the reflector in response to the test packet is identified, where The response message is matched with the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; the test result of the current link is obtained according to the response message; the device where the reflector is located, wherein the reflector is configured to perform the following operations: through the user network The interface receives the packet, and identifies, according to the pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter, where the test packet is used to test the current chain by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP The road is tested; in response to the above test, when the above test, when the above
  • a storage medium is also provided.
  • the storage medium is configured to store program code for performing the following steps: receiving a message through a user network interface; and identifying, according to a pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the message is a test message sent by a transmitter, where The test message is used to test the current link by using the test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP; when the test message is identified, the response message is generated in response to the test message; and the response message is sent to the transmitter. Text.
  • testing the current link by using a test protocol in the reserved only two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, not only lifting the TWAMP test dependence on the TCP/IP protocol, but also reducing the IP address.
  • Limitations on link testing using the TWAMP protocol can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • the link test is performed by the large-scale deployment of the TWAMP protocol
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified architecture diagram of a TWAMP protocol in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a format diagram of a Sender-Test message encapsulation format in a non-authentication mode in the related art
  • FIG. 3 is a format diagram of a Reflector-Test packet encapsulation in a non-authentication mode in the related art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a typical LTE networking and service end-to-end detection in the related art
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified architectural diagram of an optional TWAMP in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an optional link test method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing method in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of still another alternative link testing device in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of another alternative link testing device in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure propose a scheme for implementing link testing based on the lightweight TWAMP test protocol.
  • the foregoing link test method may be, but is not limited to, applied to the architecture shown in FIG. 5, and the specific solution is as follows:
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure removes the control protocol in the standard TWAMP protocol during the link test process, and only retains the test protocol, so that The standard TWAMP protocol is lightweight, which relieves TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the TWAMP protocol is deployed during the link test, there is no limit to the IP planning or the limited IP address resources. This makes the test protocol deployment more flexible and faster, and expands the application scope of the link test. The effect of test efficiency on link testing.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an optional link test method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the process includes the following steps:
  • the test packet is obtained by simulating the input packet through the user network interface, where the test packet is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP;
  • S606 Identify a response message sent by the reflector in response to the test packet, where the response message matches a flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter;
  • the foregoing link test method may be applied to, but not limited to, the link test system shown in FIG. 5, such as the session transmitter applied to the control terminal in the above system.
  • the session transmitter ie, the transmitter
  • the session transmitter in the control terminal obtains the test packet by simulating the input message through the user network interface of the transmitter, wherein the test message is used to test the current chain by using the test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP.
  • the test is performed; the test packet is sent to the session reflector of the server (ie, the reflector); the reflector receives the message through the user network interface of the reflector; the reflector identifies whether the message is based on the flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector.
  • the test packet sent by the transmitter when the test packet is identified, the reflector generates a response message in response to the test message, and sends a response message to the transmitter; the transmitter identifies the response message sent by the reflector.
  • the response packet matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; the transmitter obtains the test result of the current link according to the response packet.
  • the TWAMP used in the testing process of the foregoing link testing method may be, but not limited to, removing the control protocol in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). Only the test protocol is retained. That is to say, in the present embodiment, the test flow matching rule is pre-generated according to the TWAMP in the transmitter and the reflector configuration; the TWAMP transmitter simulates the user incoming message through the user side network interface (UNI interface) of the transmitter, The reflector sends a test packet; the reflector identifies that the transmitter sends the test packet according to the flow matching rule, and generates a response packet, and sends the response packet to the transmitter; the transmitter identifies the response packet sent by the reflector according to the flow matching rule, and Obtain the test result of the current link according to the response packet.
  • TWAMP Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
  • TWAMP By using the lightweight test protocol in TWAMP, TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol is removed, and the network scenario is limited when the standard TWAMP protocol is deployed. This allows for more flexible protocol deployment, which ensures flexible testing of links in different scenarios in the network environment to improve link test efficiency.
  • the test packet may be, but is not limited to, being simulated by a user network interface (UNI) to simulate a user incoming message (input message), since the message sent by the UNI includes true
  • UNI user network interface
  • the flow matching rule is automatically generated in the transmitter to ensure accurate transmission from the transmitted packet. Differentiate the test message, Therefore, the TWAMP test packet is prevented from being forwarded with service traffic, which reduces the impact of the test process on service traffic.
  • the access layer uses an L2 VPN to deploy a Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Layer 2 virtual private network service (ie, The L2 VPN service is deployed on the core layer.
  • MPLS-TP L3 VPN service is deployed on the Layer 3 virtual private network (L3 VPN service).
  • L2 service and the L3 service are bridged and interconnected through the bridge device. It is assumed that the transmitter is disposed in the access device of the access layer, and the reflector is disposed in the floor device of the core layer.
  • the TWAMP packet flow matching rule may be set in the transmitter and the reflector respectively, and Sending to the corresponding packet forwarding device, when receiving the packet, the packet forwarding device can identify the packet according to the configured flow matching rule, thereby implementing the identified test packet (or response packet). Link performance metrics.
  • testing the current link by using the test protocol in the reserved bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, and not only cancel the TWAMP test to the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the dependency to reduce the IP address limits for link testing using the TWAMP protocol can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • test packet before the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, at least one of the following is included:
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual source IP address, where the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to the transmit parameter.
  • the stream matching rule of the transmitter
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual destination IP address, where the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to a transmit parameter.
  • the stream matching rules of the transmitter are not limited to: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to a transmit parameter.
  • the terminal device can be borrowed (but not limited to For example, the IP address of the base station controller and/or the user edge router (the CE) is used as the virtual IP address of the access device, and the test packet is obtained through the UNI interface analog input packet.
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device is used as the virtual source IP address in the mode 1); and the transmitter is located in the landing device ( If the three-layer core network device, that is, the L3 device, or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • an access device such as a Layer 2 aggregation network device, that is, an L2 device
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device is used as the virtual source IP address in the mode 1
  • the transmitter is located in the landing device ( If the three-layer core network device, that is, the L3 device, or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • the foregoing link test method can implement not only the online link test but also the offline link test.
  • the transmitter can trigger the address resolution protocol ARP through the configured Layer 3 service virtual interface (L3VI (Virtual Interface)), so that the corresponding MAC address can also be obtained in the offline state.
  • L3VI Virtual Interface
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices. If the TWAMP test is to be deployed between the access device (A device) and the floor device (C device), if the transmitter is located at access device A, access device A initiates the test, and because it is an offline test, the bridge device is receiving After the response packet is received, the MAC address of the access device (A device) may not be obtained.
  • the L3VI interface can be configured in advance, and the IP address of the interface can be configured, and the free ARP learning is triggered by the L3VI interface, so that the bridge device can obtain the MAC of the access device (A device) during offline testing. address.
  • the obtaining the test result of the current link according to the response packet includes: obtaining a test delay and/or a packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet;
  • the first alarm information is sent when the packet loss rate meets the preset threshold condition.
  • the method further includes: if the response packet is not received within the predetermined period, determining that the connection fault occurs on the current link, and sending the second alarm information.
  • the TWAMP test performed on the current link by using the test protocol in the TWAMP may be a test of link connectivity or a performance test of the link.
  • the test for link connectivity may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:
  • the connectivity loss alarm or the packet loss rate alarm is reported in the first time.
  • TWAMP After a large-scale deployment of TWAMP on the A device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, TWAMP only performs connectivity test. When the link has packet loss or the link loss threshold is reached. When the value is fixed, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • the performance test of the link may include, but is not limited to: testing the delay caused by the current link test and/or the packet loss rate; analyzing the fault occurring on the current link to send the corresponding fault according to the analyzed fault. Alarm information.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device.
  • the device is responsible for bridging the L2 service and the L3 service.
  • the C device is the L3 core network floor device.
  • the D device is a base station controller (not shown) and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices, and the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices. If the TWAMP measurement is to be deployed before the access device A and the bridge device C, if the measurement is initiated from the L2 access device A, the specific implementation is as follows:
  • the S1 configure the lightweight TWAMP test transmitter in the A device, specify the source IP address, the destination IP address, the source UDP port number, the destination port number, the source MAC address, the destination MAC address, the next hop gateway, the access interface, and the packet DSCP.
  • the parameters are selected, and the transmitter TWAMP packet flow matching rule is generated according to the configured parameters, and is sent to the packet forwarding device.
  • the source IP address is the IP address of the base station controller or the CE device
  • the destination MAC address is the MAC address of the bridge device B. If not specified, the next hop gateway address needs to be specified. It should be noted that the borrowed virtual IP does not affect the L2 processing flow of the service.
  • S2 configure a lightweight TWAMP test reflector in the C device, specify the source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination port number, source MAC address, destination MAC address, access interface, and DSCP of the reflector.
  • the parameters are configured to form a reflector TWAMP packet flow matching rule according to the configured parameters, and are sent to the packet forwarding device.
  • a reflector stream matching rule that matches a TWAMP test stream or multiple TWAMP test streams.
  • the A device TWAMP protocol processing module borrows the IP address of the base station or the CE device as the virtual IP address of the access device, and simulates the user incoming message through the UNI interface. (Sampling the incoming message from the UNI interface), sending a test packet (Sender-Test Packet) to the C.
  • the packet carries the timestamp T1 of the A device, and the TWAMP protocol processing module simultaneously counts the packet transmission (Txc).
  • the packet matching is performed according to the previously matched flow matching rule. If the matching is successful, the device is considered to be a lightweight TWAMP.
  • the Sender-Test test message the C device lightweight TWAMP reflector generates a Reflector-Test packet and sends it to the A device.
  • the Reflector-Test packet carries the packet timestamp T1 in the Sender-Test packet, and carries the packet timestamp T2 and the packet timestamp T3 of the Reflector-Test test packet. If the match is unsuccessful, it is considered to be a service packet, and the packet is forwarded according to the forwarding rule.
  • the packet forwarding device of the UNI side of the device performs the packet matching according to the previously matched flow matching rule. If the matching succeeds, it is considered to be the Reflector sent by the lightweight TWAMP reflector.
  • TWAMP protocol processing module The packet receiving count (RxC) is counted, and the packet timestamp T1 of the Sender-Test message and the packet timestamp T2 of the Reflector-Test message and the packet timestamp T3 are parsed from the Reflector-Test message, and then packet loss is performed.
  • Link performance statistics such as rate, forward delay, reverse delay, and loopback delay.
  • the TWAMP protocol processing module starts the connectivity detection. After the transmitter sends the Sender-Test test packet, the reflector is not reflected back by the reflector within a period of time. If the test test packet is faulty, the link connectivity is faulty and a connectivity alarm is sent to the user. The over-limit alarm is reported when the link delay or packet loss rate reaches the preset threshold. The user performs subsequent processing as needed.
  • testing the current link by using the test protocol in the only reserved bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, which not only relieves the TWAMP test from relying on the TCP/IP protocol, To reduce the limitation of IP addresses for link testing using the TWAMP protocol.
  • the test of the network link can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • the method before the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, the method further includes:
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual source IP address, where the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to the transmit parameter.
  • the stream matching rule of the transmitter or,
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual destination IP address, wherein the end device includes at least one of the following:
  • the base station controller and the user edge router generate a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the transmission parameter.
  • the terminal device can be borrowed (but not limited to For example, the IP address of the base station controller and/or the user edge router (the CE) is used as the virtual IP address of the access device, and the test packet is obtained through the UNI interface analog input packet.
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device when the transmitter is located in the access device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual source IP address in the mode 1); and when the transmitter is located in the landing device or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be As the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • generating a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the transmitting parameter includes: generating a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the packet information in the test packet, where the flow matching rule of the transmitter includes the following at least One: source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination UDP port number, and differentiated service code point DSCP information.
  • the test limitation of the TWAMP test is overcome by overcoming the non-IP planning or limited IP resources in the related art, thereby realizing the release chain.
  • TWAMP relies on TCP/IP when deploying. In turn, the purpose of expanding the test range and improving the test efficiency is achieved.
  • the method before the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, the method includes:
  • a Layer 3 service virtual interface is configured on the Layer 2 device of the transmitter, and a predetermined IP address is configured for the Layer 3 service virtual interface.
  • the Layer 3 service virtual interface is used to trigger the address resolution protocol ARP during offline testing.
  • the bridge device may not be able to obtain the MAC address of the device where the transmitter is located, and the response packet that is reflected back to the test packet cannot reach the device where the transmitter is located. Therefore, in this embodiment, the L3VI interface needs to be configured on the device where the TWAMP transmitter is located, and the IP address of the interface is configured, and the L3VI interface triggers the free ARP learning, so that the bridge device can obtain the MAC address of the device where the transmitter is located.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices.
  • the TWAMP test is to be deployed between the access device (A device) and the floor device (C device)
  • the transmitter is located at access device A, access device A initiates the test, and since it is an offline test, the transmitter is connected.
  • the incoming device (A device) will pre-configure the L3VI interface and configure the IP address of the interface to trigger the free ARP learning, so that the bridge device can learn to obtain the MAC address of the access device (A device) before returning the response packet.
  • the efficiency of the test is ensured by completing the TWAMP test in an offline state.
  • the response message sent by the receiving reflector in response to the test packet includes:
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices.
  • the C device matches the packet according to the previously delivered flow matching rule. If the matching succeeds, the device considers it to be a lightweight TWAMP Sender-Test test packet.
  • the lightweight TWAMP reflector generates a reflector response message (Reflector-Test packet) and sends it to the A device.
  • the Reflector-Test packet carries the packet timestamp T1 in the Sender-Test packet, and carries the packet timestamp T2 and the packet timestamp T3 of the Reflector-Test test packet. If the match is unsuccessful, it is considered to be a service packet, and the packet is forwarded according to the forwarding rule.
  • the service report is implemented through the pre-configured flow matching rule.
  • the accurate distinction between text and test messages (and response messages) can reduce the impact of the test process on traffic.
  • test result obtained by the response packet to the current link includes:
  • S2 Send the first alarm information when the test delay and/or the packet loss rate meet the preset threshold condition.
  • the obtaining the test delay obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet includes: acquiring the following timestamp carried in the response packet: the first timestamp T1 of the transmitter sending the test packet The second timestamp T- of the test packet received by the reflector, the third timestamp T3 of the reflector sending the response message, and the fourth timestamp T4 of the transmitter receiving the response message; according to the first timestamp, the second The timestamp, the third timestamp, and the fourth timestamp obtain at least one of the following test delays: a forward delay of the current link, a reverse delay of the current link, and a loop delay of the current link.
  • the forward delay may be, but is not limited to, T2-T1
  • the reverse delay may be, but is not limited to, T4-T3.
  • the reflector processing delay may be, but is not limited to, T3-T2
  • the loop delay may be, but is not limited to, It is (T4-T1)-(T3-T2).
  • the packet loss rate obtained by the current link test according to the response packet includes: obtaining the number of packets sent by the transmitter to send the test packet TxC and the number of packets receiving the response packet RxC; The difference between the number of packets received and the number of packets sent is the packet loss rate.
  • the number of lost packets may be, but is not limited to, TxC ⁇ RxC, and the packet loss rate may be determined according to the number of lost packets, for example, a packet loss rate (TxC ⁇ RxC)/TxC.
  • the method further includes:
  • performance statistics such as delay may be turned off according to requirements. Whether the response packet is received to complete the connectivity test for the link.
  • the device where the transmitter is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the device of the reflector includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where A bridge device is a device for connecting a Layer 2 aggregation network and a Layer 3 core network.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller and is connected to the A device.
  • the test method can be applied to the L2 side to the L3 side to initiate the access device to the floor device in the linear link test process, and can also be applied to the L2 side L3 side to initiate the segmentation (ie, the connection).
  • the linear link test process it can also be applied to the active side segmentation of the L2 side to the L3 side (that is, the bridge device end to the floor device end) during the linear link test.
  • the above test method can be applied to end-to-end linear link testing in an L2 VPN network.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller and is connected to the A device.
  • the foregoing test method can be applied to the L3 side to the L2 side to initiate the access device to the floor device in the linear link test process, and can also be applied to the L3 side L2 side to actively initiate the segment (that is, the bridge).
  • the device can also be applied to the L3 side to the L2 side to initiate the segmentation (that is, the floor device to the bridge device) during the linear link test.
  • the above test method can be applied to end-to-end linear link testing in an L3 VPN network.
  • the end-to-end online performance measurement is actively initiated on the L2 side to the L3 side, as shown in FIG.
  • the L2 access device actively initiates TWAMP measurement, real-time collection of performance metrics such as link delay and packet loss from L2 access to L3 landing devices. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • deploying a lightweight TWAMP reflector in the core floor device C and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, and a packet DSCP of the reflector. And other optional parameters.
  • a lightweight TWAMP transmitter on the access device A, and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, a source MAC address, a destination MAC address, and other optional parameters of the transmitter.
  • the source IP address here is borrowed from the base station IP address
  • the destination address is the L3 landing device IP address.
  • the MAC address is the MAC address of the bridge device B. Otherwise, the next hop gateway address needs to be specified.
  • the A device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the C device through the UNI interface.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the A device.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and sends the packet to the TWAMP protocol module for processing, and the TWAMP protocol processing module Perform packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, TWAMP only performs connectivity test. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. If the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported. If the response is not received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • deploying a lightweight TWAMP reflector on the L2 access device A and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, and a destination UDP port number of the reflector, and a packet Parameters such as DSCP.
  • the S2 deploy a lightweight TWAMP transmitter on the L3 core floor device C, and specify the source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination UDP port number, and packet DSCP of the transmitter.
  • the destination IP address here is the IP address of the base station or CE device
  • the source address is the IP address of the L3 floor device.
  • the C device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the A device through the UNI interface, simulating the user incoming packet.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the C device.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and sends the packet to the TWAMP protocol module for processing, and the TWAMP protocol processing module Perform packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale C device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, TWAMP only performs connectivity test. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. If the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported. If the response is not received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • 3) actively initiate end-to-end offline performance measurement on the L2 side to the L3 side.
  • the L2 access device takes the initiative when the service is offline or before the service goes online.
  • the TWAMP measurement is initiated, and performance metrics such as delay packet loss from the L2 access to the L3 landing device are collected in real time. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • deploying a lightweight TWAMP reflector in the core floor device C and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, and a packet DSCP of the reflector. And other parameters.
  • a lightweight TWAMP transmitter on the access device A, and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, a source MAC address, a destination MAC address, and the like of the transmitter.
  • the source IP address here can be borrowed from the base station IP address or the L3vi interface IP address
  • the destination address is the L3 landing device IP address.
  • the MAC address is the MAC address of the bridge device B. Otherwise, the next hop gateway address needs to be specified.
  • the bridge device may not be able to obtain the MAC address of the access device A, so that the reflected test packet cannot reach the transmitter, and the test cannot be successful. Therefore, the TWAMP transmitter is required before the test. Triggers free ARP learning so that the bridge device can learn the MAC address of the access device. Or configure the L3VI interface on the L2 access device and configure the IP address of the interface. The Layer 3 L3VI interface triggers ARP learning, so that the bridge device can obtain the MAC address of the L2 access device.
  • the A device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the C device through the UNI interface.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the A device.
  • the message forwarding device matches the TWAMP test message according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and sends the message to the TWAMP protocol module for processing, and the TWAMP protocol processing module Perform packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, the TWAMP value is tested for connectivity. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. When the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported to be more limited; or, when If no response packet is received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • the L3 core floor device takes the initiative when the service is offline or before the service goes online.
  • the TWAMP measurement is initiated, and performance metrics such as delay packet loss from the L3 landing device to the L2 access device are collected in real time. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • deploying a lightweight TWAMP reflector on the L2 access device A and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, and a destination UDP port number of the reflector, and a packet Parameters such as DSCP.
  • a lightweight TWAMP transmitter on the core floor device C, and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, and a DSCP parameter of the transmitter.
  • the destination IP address here is the base station IP address, the L3VI interface IP address, and the source address is the L3 landing device IP address.
  • the bridge device may not be able to obtain the MAC address of the access device A. As a result, the test packet sent by the transmitter cannot reach the reflector, and the test cannot be successful. Therefore, the TWAMP reflector is required before the test. Triggers free ARP learning so that the bridge device can learn the MAC address of the access device. Or configure the L3VI interface on the L2 access device and configure the IP address of the interface. The Layer 3 L3VI interface triggers ARP learning, so that the bridge device can obtain the MAC address of the L2 access device.
  • the C device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the A device through the UNI interface.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the C device.
  • the packet forwarding device sends the packet to the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule.
  • the TWAMP protocol module processes the TWAMP protocol processing module for packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale C device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, TWAMP only performs connectivity test. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. If the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported. If the response is not received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • L2 to L2 end-to-end segmentation measurement as shown in FIG. 12, this embodiment is mainly used in L2+L3 networking, L2 access side to bridge device L2 side segmentation Network link measurement. It actively initiates TWAMP measurement from the L2 access device, and collects performance metrics such as delay and packet loss from the L2 access device to the L2 side of the bridge device in real time; mainly includes the following steps:
  • a TWAMP reflector on the L2 side of the bridging device B, and specifying a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, a source MAC, and a destination of the reflector.
  • MAC message DSCP and other parameters.
  • the A device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the B device through the UNI interface.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the A device.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and then sends the packet to the TWAMP protocol module for processing, and the TWAMP protocol is processed.
  • the module performs packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, the TWAMP value is tested for connectivity. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. If the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported. If the response is not received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • L3 to L3 side end-to-end segment measurement as shown in Figure 13, this embodiment is mainly used in L2+L3 networking, L3 landing equipment to the bridge device L3 side segmentation Network link measurement. It is the L3 floor device that actively initiates TWAMP measurement, and collects performance metrics such as delay and packet loss from the L3 floor device to the L3 side link of the bridge device in real time. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • S2 Deploy a lightweight TWAMP transmitter on the access device (C device), and specify a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, and a DSCP parameter of the transmitter.
  • the C device TWAMP transmitter transmits the test packet to the B device through the UNI interface.
  • the packet forwarding device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, and generates a reflection report to be sent to the C device.
  • the packet is forwarded.
  • the device matches the TWAMP test packet according to the TWAMP flow matching rule, the device sends the message to the TWAMP protocol module for processing, and the TWAMP protocol processing module performs packet loss and delay statistics.
  • TWAMP After the TWAMP is deployed on a large-scale C device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, the TWAMP value is tested for connectivity. When the link loss rate reaches the preset threshold. If the limit is exceeded, the alarm is reported. If the response is not received within a certain period, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • L2 VPN end-to-end measurement as shown in FIG. 14, this embodiment is mainly used in an L2 VPN networking, and an L2 access side to another L2 access side end-to-end chain. Road measurement.
  • the TWAMP measurement is initiated from the L2 access device, and the performance metrics such as the link delay and packet loss between the access device on the L2 side and the access device on the other side of the L2 are collected in real time.
  • the specific implementation is the same as the fifth embodiment.
  • L3 VPN end-to-end measurement as shown in Figure 15, this embodiment is mainly used in L3 VPN networking, L3 access side to another L3 access side end-to-end chain Road measurement.
  • the TWAMP measurement is initiated from the L3 access device, and the performance metrics such as the link delay and packet loss between the access device on the L3 side and the access device on the other side of the L3 are collected in real time.
  • the specific implementation manner is the same as the sixth embodiment.
  • L2 to L3 end-to-end superposition measurement as shown in Figure 16, this embodiment is used in L2+L3 complex networking, L2 access device to L3 core landing device
  • the end-to-end link performance metric superimposes the L2 network and L3 network segmentation end-to-end link performance metrics.
  • This measurement method is a superposition of Example 1 to Example 6, which can monitor the performance of each segment of the network in real time. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • the reflector reflector2 of the Sender 2 is disposed on the L2 side of the bridge device B.
  • a transmitter Sender3 directed to C is disposed on the L3 side of the bridge device B.
  • the reflector reflector1 of Sender1 and the reflectorreflector3 of Sender3 are arranged in the core floor device C.
  • Sender1 and reflector1 measure the link performance between the L2 access device and the L3 core landing device;
  • Sender2 and reflector2 measure the link performance of the L2 access device to the bridge device L2 side;
  • Sender3 and reflector3 measure the bridge device L3 Link performance from side to core landing equipment.
  • the L3 to L2 end-to-end superposition measurement as shown in FIG. 17, this embodiment is used in the L2+L3 complex networking, the L3 core landing device to the L2 access device end
  • the end-to-end link performance metric superimposes the L2 network and L3 network segmentation end-to-end link performance metrics.
  • This measurement method is a superposition of the example 1 to the real example 6, and the network performance of each segment can be monitored in real time. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • the reflector reflector2 of the Sender 2 is arranged on the L3 side of the bridge device B.
  • a transmitter Sender3 pointing to the access device A is disposed on the L2 side of the bridge device B.
  • the reflector reflector1 of Sender1 and the reflectorreflector3 of Sender3 are configured on the L2 access device A.
  • Sender1 and reflector1 measure the link performance between the L3 core landing device and the L2 access device;
  • Sender2 and reflector2 measure the link performance of the L3 core landing device to the bridge device L3 side;
  • Sender3 and reflector3 measure the bridge device L2 Side to L2 Link performance between access devices.
  • the L2 access device On the L2 side to the base station controller or CE device end-to-end measurement, as shown in Figure 18, is the L2 access device actively initiates TWAMP measurements, real-time collection of statistical L2 access devices to Performance metrics such as link delay and packet loss between the base station controller or the CE device. It mainly includes the following steps:
  • the TWAMP reflector is deployed on the base station controller or the CE device, and the source IP address, the destination IP address, the source UDP port number, the destination UDP port number, the source MAC address, and the destination MAC address of the reflector are specified.
  • Optional parameters such as DSCP.
  • the A device TWAMP transmitter sends a test message to the base station controller or the CE device.
  • the base station controller or the CE device reflects the test packet to the A device according to the foregoing embodiment.
  • the device A After receiving the test packet reflected by the base station controller or the CE device, the device A performs packet loss and delay statistics.
  • a link test method is also provided in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19, including:
  • S1902 Receive a message by using a user network interface.
  • S1904 Identify, according to a flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector, whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter, where the test packet is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP;
  • a scheme for implementing link testing based on the lightweight TWAMP test protocol is presented.
  • the foregoing link test method may be, but is not limited to, applied to the architecture shown in FIG. 5, such as a session reflector applied to a server.
  • the session transmitter (ie, the transmitter) in the control terminal obtains the test packet by simulating the input message through the user network interface of the transmitter, wherein the test message is used to use the test protocol pair in the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP The current link is tested; and the test packet is sent to the session reflector (ie, the reflector) of the server; the reflector receives the message through the user network interface of the reflector; the reflector identifies the report according to the flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector.
  • the text is a test message sent by the transmitter; when the test message is identified, the reflector generates a response message in response to the test message, and sends a response message to the transmitter; the transmitter recognizes the response message sent by the reflector The response message matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; the transmitter obtains the test result of the current link according to the response message.
  • the standard TWAMP protocol is removed during the link test process.
  • the control protocol in the middle only retains the test protocol, making the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, thus lifting TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the TWAMP protocol is deployed during the link test, there is no limit to the IP planning or the limited IP address resources. This makes the test protocol deployment more flexible and faster, and expands the application scope of the link test. The effect of test efficiency on link testing.
  • the TWAMP used in the testing process of the foregoing link testing method may be, but not limited to, removing the control protocol in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). Only the test protocol is retained. That is to say, TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol is relieved by using the test protocol in the lightweight TWAMP. This allows for more flexible protocol deployment, which ensures flexible testing of links in different scenarios in the network environment to improve link test efficiency.
  • TWAMP Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
  • the test packet may be, but is not limited to, being simulated by a user network interface (UNI) to simulate a user incoming message (input message), since the message sent by the UNI includes true
  • UNI user network interface
  • the flow matching rule is pre-configured at the transmitter to ensure accurate transmission from the transmitted packet.
  • the test packet is distinguished, thereby preventing the TWAMP test packet from being forwarded with the service traffic, and reducing the impact of the test process on the service traffic.
  • the method before receiving the packet by using the user network interface, the method further includes: configuring a reflection parameter of the reflector; and generating a flow matching rule of the reflector according to the reflection parameter, where the flow matching rule of the reflector includes At least one of the following: source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination UDP port number, and differential service code point DSCP information.
  • determining, according to the flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector, whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter includes: performing parameter matching on the received packet according to a flow matching rule of the reflector When the parameter matching is successful, it is determined that the message is identified as a test message sent by the transmitter.
  • the test protocol in TWAMP tests the current link, which will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, which not only relieves the TWAMP test's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol, but also reduces the limitation of the IP address to the link test using the TWAMP protocol.
  • the test of the network link can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • a link testing device is provided, which is used to implement the foregoing embodiments and optional implementation manners, and details are not described herein.
  • the term “module” may implement a combination of software and/or hardware of a predetermined function.
  • the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
  • FIG. 20 is a structural block diagram of a link testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20, the apparatus is located in a transmitter, and the apparatus includes:
  • the simulation unit 2002 is configured to obtain a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, wherein the test message is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP;
  • the first sending unit 2004 is configured to send a test message to the reflector
  • the identification unit 2006 is configured to identify a response message sent by the reflector in response to the test message, wherein the response message matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter;
  • the obtaining unit 2008 obtains the test result of the current link according to the response message.
  • the foregoing link testing device may be, but is not limited to, applied to the link testing system shown in FIG. 5, where the system includes: a device where the transmitter is located (eg, a control terminal) End), the device where the reflector is located (such as the server).
  • the above apparatus may be, but is not limited to, applied to a session transmitter of a control terminal in the above system.
  • the session transmitter (ie, the transmitter) in the control terminal is configured to perform the following operations: obtaining a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, wherein the test message is used to test using the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP The protocol tests the current link; sends a test packet to the reflector; and identifies a response packet sent by the reflector in response to the test packet, wherein the response packet matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; Obtain test results for the current link;
  • the session reflector ie, the reflector in the server is configured to: receive the message through the user network interface; and identify whether the message is a test report sent by the transmitter according to a flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector.
  • the test message is used to test the current link by using the test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP; when the test message is identified, the response message is generated in response to the test message; and the response message is sent to the transmitter. Text.
  • the TWAMP used in the testing process of the foregoing link testing method may be, but not limited to, removing the control protocol in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). Only the test protocol is retained. That is to say, in the present embodiment, the test flow matching rule is pre-generated according to the TWAMP in the transmitter and the reflector configuration; the TWAMP transmitter simulates the user incoming message through the user side network interface (UNI interface) of the transmitter, The reflector sends a test packet; the reflector identifies that the transmitter sends the test packet according to the flow matching rule, and generates a response packet, and sends the response packet to the transmitter; the transmitter identifies the response packet sent by the reflector according to the flow matching rule, and Obtain the test result of the current link according to the response packet.
  • TWAMP Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
  • TWAMP By using the lightweight test protocol in TWAMP, TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol is removed, and the network scenario is limited when the standard TWAMP protocol is deployed. This allows for more flexible protocol deployment, which ensures flexible testing of links in different scenarios in the network environment to improve link test efficiency.
  • the test packet can be obtained by, but not limited to, simulating a user incoming message (input message) through a User Network Interface (UNI), because The packet sent by the UNI includes the real service packet and the test packet obtained by the simulation. Therefore, in order to accurately distinguish the TWAMP test packet from the service packet, in this embodiment, the flow matching rule is automatically generated in the transmitter. To ensure that test packets are accurately distinguished from the transmitted packets, the TWAMP test packets are prevented from being forwarded with service traffic, reducing the impact of the test process on service traffic.
  • UNI User Network Interface
  • the access layer uses an L2 VPN to deploy a Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Layer 2 virtual private network service (ie, The L2 VPN service is deployed on the core layer.
  • MPLS-TP L3 VPN service is deployed on the Layer 3 virtual private network (L3 VPN service).
  • L2 service and the L3 service are bridged and interconnected through the bridge device. It is assumed that the transmitter is disposed in the access device of the access layer, and the reflector is disposed in the floor device of the core layer.
  • the TWAMP packet flow matching rule may be set in the transmitter and the reflector respectively, and Sending to the corresponding packet forwarding device, when receiving the packet, the packet forwarding device can identify the packet according to the configured flow matching rule, thereby implementing the identified test packet (or response packet). Link performance metrics.
  • testing the current link by using the test protocol in the reserved bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, and not only cancel the TWAMP test to the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the dependency to reduce the IP address limits for link testing using the TWAMP protocol can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • test packet before the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, at least one of the following is included:
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual source IP address, where the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to the transmit parameter.
  • the stream matching rule of the transmitter
  • the transmit parameter includes at least an IP address of the end device as a virtual destination IP address, where the end device includes at least one of: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to a transmit parameter.
  • the stream matching rules of the transmitter are not limited to: a base station controller, a user edge router, and generates according to a transmit parameter.
  • the terminal device can be borrowed (but not limited to For example, the IP address of the base station controller and/or the user edge router (the CE) is used as the virtual IP address of the access device, and the test packet is obtained through the UNI interface analog input packet.
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device is used as the virtual source IP address in the mode 1); and the transmitter is located in the landing device ( If the three-layer core network device, that is, the L3 device, or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • an access device such as a Layer 2 aggregation network device, that is, an L2 device
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device is used as the virtual source IP address in the mode 1
  • the transmitter is located in the landing device ( If the three-layer core network device, that is, the L3 device, or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • the foregoing link testing device can implement not only the online link test but also the offline link test.
  • the transmitter can trigger the address resolution protocol ARP through the configured Layer 3 service virtual interface (L3VI (Virtual Interface)), so that the corresponding MAC address can also be obtained in the offline state.
  • L3VI Virtual Interface
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices. If the TWAMP test is to be deployed between the access device (A device) and the floor device (C device), if the transmitter is located at access device A, access device A initiates the test, and because it is an offline test, the bridge device is receiving After the response packet is received, the MAC address of the access device (A device) may not be obtained.
  • the L3VI interface can be configured with the IP address of the interface, and the L3VI interface triggers the free ARP learning, so that the bridge device can obtain the MAC address of the access device (A device) during offline testing.
  • the obtaining the test result of the current link according to the response packet includes: obtaining a test delay and/or a packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet;
  • the first alarm information is sent when the packet loss rate meets the preset threshold condition.
  • the method further includes: if the response packet is not received within the predetermined period, determining that the connection fault occurs on the current link, and sending the second alarm information.
  • the TWAMP test performed on the current link by using the test protocol in the TWAMP may be a test of link connectivity or a performance test of the link.
  • the test for link connectivity may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:
  • the connectivity loss alarm or the packet loss rate alarm is reported in the first time.
  • TWAMP After a large-scale deployment of TWAMP on the A device, to prevent performance statistics from affecting service traffic, you can disable the delay performance statistics as required. At this time, TWAMP only performs connectivity test. When the link has packet loss or the link loss threshold is reached. When the value is fixed, the connectivity loss alarm is reported.
  • the performance test of the link may include, but is not limited to: testing the delay caused by the current link test and/or the packet loss rate; analyzing the fault occurring on the current link to send the corresponding fault according to the analyzed fault. Alarm information.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is responsible for bridging and interworking the L2 service and the L3 service.
  • the C device is an L3 core network floor device
  • the D device is a base station controller and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices. If the TWAMP measurement is to be deployed before the access device A and the bridge device C, if the measurement is initiated from the L2 access device A, the specific implementation is as follows:
  • the S1 configure the lightweight TWAMP test transmitter in the A device, specify the source IP address, the destination IP address, the source UDP port number, the destination port number, the source MAC address, the destination MAC address, the next hop gateway, the access interface, and the packet DSCP.
  • the parameters are selected, and the transmitter TWAMP packet flow matching rule is generated according to the configured parameters, and is sent to the packet forwarding device.
  • the source IP address is the IP address of the base station controller or the CE device
  • the destination MAC address is the MAC address of the bridge device B. If not specified, the next hop gateway address needs to be specified. It should be noted that the borrowed virtual IP does not affect the L2 processing flow of the service.
  • S2 configure a lightweight TWAMP test reflector in the C device, specify the source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination port number, source MAC address, destination MAC address, access interface, and DSCP of the reflector.
  • the parameters are configured to form a reflector TWAMP packet flow matching rule according to the configured parameters, and are sent to the packet forwarding device.
  • a reflector stream matching rule that matches a TWAMP test stream or multiple TWAMP test streams.
  • the A device TWAMP protocol processing module borrows the IP address of the base station or the CE device as the virtual IP address of the access device, and simulates the user incoming message through the UNI interface. (Sampling the incoming message from the UNI interface), sending a test packet (Sender-Test Packet) to the C.
  • the packet carries the timestamp T1 of the A device, and the TWAMP protocol processing module simultaneously counts the packet transmission (Txc).
  • the packet matching is performed according to the previously matched flow matching rule. If the matching is successful, the device is considered to be a lightweight TWAMP.
  • the Sender-Test test message the C device lightweight TWAMP reflector generates a Reflector-Test packet and sends it to the A device.
  • the Reflector-Test packet carries the packet timestamp T1 in the Sender-Test packet, and carries the packet timestamp T2 and the packet timestamp T3 of the Reflector-Test test packet. If the match is not successful
  • the function is considered to be a service packet, and the packet is forwarded according to the forwarding rule.
  • the packet forwarding device of the UNI side of the device performs the packet matching according to the previously matched flow matching rule. If the matching succeeds, it is considered to be the Reflector sent by the lightweight TWAMP reflector.
  • TWAMP protocol processing module performs packet count (RxC) statistics, and parses the packet timestamp T1 of the Sender-Test message and the packet timestamp T2 of the Reflector-Test message from the Reflector-Test message. And send the packet timestamp T3, and then perform link performance statistics such as packet loss rate, forward delay, reverse delay, and loopback delay.
  • RxC packet count
  • the TWAMP protocol processing module starts the connectivity detection. After the transmitter sends the Sender-Test test packet, the reflector is not reflected back by the reflector within a period of time. If the test test packet is faulty, the link connectivity is faulty and a connectivity alarm is sent to the user. The over-limit alarm is reported when the link delay or packet loss rate reaches the preset threshold. The user performs subsequent processing as needed.
  • testing the current link by using the test protocol in the only reserved bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, which not only relieves the TWAMP test from relying on the TCP/IP protocol, To reduce the limitation of IP addresses for link testing using the TWAMP protocol.
  • the test of the network link can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • the first configuration unit is configured to configure a transmit parameter of the transmitter before the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, wherein the transmit parameter includes at least the end of use
  • the IP address of the end device is used as the virtual source IP address, or the IP address of the end device is used as the virtual destination IP address.
  • the end device includes at least one of the following: a base station controller and a user edge router.
  • a generating unit configured to generate a stream matching rule of the transmitter according to the transmitting parameter.
  • the terminal device can be borrowed (but not limited to For example, the IP address of the base station controller and/or the user edge router (the CE) is used as the virtual IP address of the access device, and the test packet is obtained through the UNI interface analog input packet.
  • the IP address of the borrowed end device when the transmitter is located in the access device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be the virtual source IP address in the mode 1); and when the transmitter is located in the landing device or the bridge device, the IP address of the borrowed end device will be As the virtual destination IP address in mode 2).
  • the generating unit includes: a generating module, configured to generate a flow matching rule of the transmitter according to the packet information in the test packet, where the flow matching rule of the transmitter includes at least one of the following: Source IP address, destination IP address, source UDP port number, destination UDP port number, and differential service code point DSCP information.
  • the test limitation of the TWAMP test is overcome by overcoming the non-IP planning or limited IP resources in the related art, thereby realizing the release chain.
  • TWAMP relies on TCP/IP when deploying. In turn, the purpose of expanding the test range and improving the test efficiency is achieved.
  • the second configuration unit is configured to configure a Layer 3 service virtual interface on the Layer 2 device where the transmitter is located, and configure a predetermined IP address for the Layer 3 service virtual interface, before the test packet is received through the user network interface.
  • the Layer 3 service virtual interface is used to trigger the address resolution protocol ARP during offline testing.
  • the bridge device may not be able to obtain the MAC address of the device where the transmitter is located, the response packet sent back to the test packet cannot be sent.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices.
  • the TWAMP test is to be deployed between the access device (A device) and the floor device (C device)
  • the transmitter is located at access device A, access device A initiates the test, and since it is an offline test, the transmitter is connected.
  • the incoming device (A device) will pre-configure the L3VI interface and configure the IP address of the interface to trigger the free ARP learning, so that the bridge device can learn to obtain the MAC address of the access device (A device) before returning the response packet.
  • the efficiency of the test is ensured by completing the TWAMP test in an offline state.
  • the receiving unit includes:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a message
  • a matching module configured to perform parameter matching on the received message according to a flow matching rule of the transmitter
  • the identification module is set to determine that the message is a response message sent by the reflector when the parameter matching is successful.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device, which is used for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller, and is connected to the A device.
  • the L2 VPN service is deployed between the A and B devices
  • the L3 VPN service is deployed between the B and C devices.
  • the C device matches the packet according to the previously delivered flow matching rule. If the matching succeeds, the device considers it to be a lightweight TWAMP Sender-Test test packet. Lightweight TWAMP reflector generates reflector response Reflector-Test packet and sent to the A device.
  • the Reflector-Test packet carries the packet timestamp T1 in the Sender-Test packet, and carries the packet timestamp T2 and the packet timestamp T3 of the Reflector-Test test packet. If the match is unsuccessful, it is considered to be a service packet, and the packet is forwarded according to the forwarding rule.
  • the pre-configured flow matching rules are used to accurately distinguish between service packets and test packets (and response packets), thereby reducing the impact of the testing process on service traffic.
  • the acquisition unit includes:
  • the first obtaining module is configured to obtain a test delay and/or a packet loss rate obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet;
  • the first sending module is configured to send the first alarm information when the test delay and/or the packet loss rate meet the preset threshold condition.
  • the obtaining the test delay obtained by testing the current link according to the response packet includes: acquiring the following timestamp carried in the response packet: the first timestamp T1 of the transmitter sending the test packet The second timestamp T- of the test packet received by the reflector, the third timestamp T3 of the reflector sending the response message, and the fourth timestamp T4 of the transmitter receiving the response message; according to the first timestamp, the second The timestamp, the third timestamp, and the fourth timestamp obtain the forward delay, the reverse delay, and the loop delay for the current link test.
  • the forward delay may be, but is not limited to, T2-T1
  • the reverse delay may be, but is not limited to, T4-T3.
  • the reflector processing delay may be, but is not limited to, T3-T2
  • the loop delay may be, but is not limited to, It is (T4-T1)-(T3-T2).
  • the packet loss rate obtained by the current link test according to the response packet includes: obtaining the number of packets sent by the transmitter to send the test packet TxC and the number of packets receiving the response packet RxC; The difference between the number of packets received and the number of packets sent is the packet loss rate.
  • the number of lost packets may be, but is not limited to, TxC ⁇ RxC, and the packet loss rate may be determined according to the number of lost packets, for example, a packet loss rate (TxC ⁇ RxC)/TxC.
  • the second sending unit is configured to: after the transmitter sends the test message to the reflector, if the response message is not received within the predetermined period, it is determined that the connection fault occurs on the current link, and the second alarm information is sent.
  • performance statistics such as delay can be turned off according to requirements, and the chain is determined by determining whether a response packet is received.
  • the road is tested separately for connectivity.
  • the device where the transmitter is located includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where the device of the reflector includes at least one of the following: an access device, a landing device, and a bridge device, where A bridge device is a device for connecting a Layer 2 aggregation network and a Layer 3 core network.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller and is connected to the A device.
  • the test method can be applied to the L2 side to the L3 side to initiate the access device to the floor device in the linear link test process, and can also be applied to the L2 side L3 side to initiate the segmentation (ie, the connection).
  • the linear link test process it can also be applied to the active side segmentation of the L2 side to the L3 side (that is, the bridge device end to the floor device end) during the linear link test.
  • the above test method can be applied to end-to-end linear link testing in an L2 VPN network.
  • the A device is an L2 access device
  • the B device is a bridge device for bridging and interworking between the L2 service and the L3 service
  • the C device is a L3 core network landing device
  • the D device is a base station controller and is connected to the A device.
  • the foregoing test method can be applied to the L3 side to the L2 side to initiate the access device to the floor device in the linear link test process, and can also be applied to the L3 side L2 side to actively initiate the segment (that is, the bridge).
  • the device can also be applied to the L3 side to the L2 side to initiate the segmentation (that is, the floor device to the bridge device) during the linear link test.
  • the above test method can be applied to end-to-end in an L3 VPN network.
  • the above test method can be applied to end-to-end in an L3 VPN network.
  • the linear link test process During the linear link test process.
  • each of the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware.
  • the foregoing may be implemented by, but not limited to, the foregoing modules are all located in the same processor; or, the above modules are in any combination.
  • the forms are located in different processors.
  • a link testing device is provided, which is used to implement the foregoing embodiments and optional implementation manners, and details are not described herein.
  • the term “module” may implement a combination of software and/or hardware of a predetermined function.
  • the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
  • FIG. 21 is a structural block diagram of a link testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, the apparatus is located in a reflector, and the apparatus includes:
  • receiving unit 2102 configured to receive a message by using a user network interface
  • the identifying unit 2104 is configured to identify, according to a pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the packet is a test packet sent by the transmitter, where the test packet is used to test the current protocol using the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP The link is tested;
  • a first generating unit 2106 configured to generate a response message in response to the test message when the test message is identified
  • the sending unit 2108 is configured to send the response message to the transmitter.
  • an alternative embodiment proposes a scheme for implementing link testing based on a lightweight TWAMP test protocol.
  • the link test device may be, but is not limited to, applied to the architecture shown in FIG. 5, such as a session reflector applied to the server.
  • the specific scheme is as follows: the session transmitter (ie, the transmitter) in the control terminal obtains the test packet by simulating the input message through the user network interface of the transmitter, wherein the test message is used to use the test protocol pair in the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP The current link is tested; and the test packet is sent to the session reflector (ie, the reflector) of the server;
  • the reflector receives the message through the user network interface of the reflector; the reflector identifies, according to the flow matching rule of the pre-configured reflector, whether the message is a test message sent by the transmitter; when the test message is identified, the reflector responds
  • the test message generates a response message and sends a response message to the transmitter; the transmitter identifies the response message
  • control protocol in the standard TWAMP protocol is removed during the link test process, and only the test protocol is retained, so that the standard TWAMP protocol is lightened, thereby relieving the TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol.
  • TWAMP protocol is deployed during the link test, there is no limit to the IP planning or the limited IP address resources. This makes the test protocol deployment more flexible and faster, and expands the application scope of the link test. The effect of test efficiency on link testing.
  • the TWAMP used in the testing process of the foregoing link testing method may be, but not limited to, removing the control protocol in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). Only the test protocol is retained. That is to say, TWAMP's dependence on the TCP/IP protocol is relieved by using the test protocol in the lightweight TWAMP. This allows for more flexible protocol deployment, which ensures flexible testing of links in different scenarios in the network environment to improve link test efficiency.
  • TWAMP Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
  • the test packet may be, but is not limited to, being simulated by a user network interface (UNI) to simulate a user incoming message (input message), since the message sent by the UNI includes true
  • UNI user network interface
  • the flow matching rule is pre-configured at the transmitter to ensure accurate transmission from the transmitted packet.
  • the test packet is distinguished, thereby preventing the TWAMP test packet from being forwarded with the service traffic, and reducing the impact of the test process on the service traffic.
  • the method further includes: a configuration unit, configured to: before the receiving the packet by using the user network interface, configuring a reflection parameter of the reflector; and second generating unit, configured to perform, according to the reflection a parameter generates a flow matching rule of the reflector, wherein the flow of the reflector
  • the matching rule includes at least one of the following: a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source UDP port number, a destination UDP port number, and a differentiated service code point DSCP information.
  • the identifying unit includes: a matching module, configured to perform parameter matching on the received packet according to a flow matching rule of the reflector; and the identifying module is configured to determine and identify when the parameter matching is successful
  • the outgoing message is a test message sent by the transmitter.
  • testing the current link by using the test protocol in the only reserved bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP will make the standard TWAMP protocol lightweight, which not only relieves the TWAMP test from relying on the TCP/IP protocol, To reduce the limitation of IP addresses for link testing using the TWAMP protocol.
  • the test of the network link can also be completed in some devices that do not support the TWAMP control protocol, or by deploying the above TWAMP test protocol. In this way, the test range of the TWAMP test for the network link can be broadened, the versatility and flexibility of the test can be improved, and the efficiency of the TWAMP link test can be improved.
  • a link testing system including:
  • the transmitter is configured to perform the following operations: obtaining a test message by simulating an input message through a user network interface, wherein the test message is used to test the current link using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP Performing a test; sending a test message to the reflector; identifying a response message sent by the reflector in response to the test message, wherein the response message matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter; and acquiring the current link according to the response message Test result;
  • the reflector is configured to: receive a message through the user network interface; and identify, according to a pre-configured flow matching rule of the reflector, whether the message is a test message sent by the transmitter, where the test The message is used to test the current link by using the test protocol in the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP; when the test message is identified, the response message is generated in response to the test message; and the response message is sent to the transmitter.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a storage medium.
  • the foregoing storage medium may be configured to store program code for performing the following steps:
  • the test packet is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, where the test message is used to test the current link by using a test protocol in the bidirectional active measurement protocol TWAMP;
  • the storage medium is further arranged to store program code for performing the following steps:
  • S1 Before transmitting the test packet by using the user network interface to send the test packet, configure the transmit parameter of the transmitter, where the transmit parameter includes at least the IP address of the end device as the virtual source IP address, where the end device includes at least the following One: base station controller, user edge router;
  • the storage medium is further arranged to store program code for performing the following steps:
  • S1 Before transmitting the test packet by using the user network interface to send the test packet, configure the transmit parameter of the transmitter, where the transmit parameter includes at least the IP address of the end device as the virtual destination IP address, where the end device includes at least the following One: base station controller, user edge router;
  • the storage medium is also set to:
  • the foregoing storage medium may include, but not limited to, a USB flash drive, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, and a magnetic memory.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • a mobile hard disk e.g., a hard disk
  • magnetic memory e.g., a hard disk
  • modules or steps of the present disclosure described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device that can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps thereof are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. As such, the disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the test message is obtained by simulating the input message through the user network interface, wherein the test message is used to test the protocol in the two-way active measurement protocol TWAMP.
  • the front link performs the test; the foregoing test packet is sent to the reflector; and the response message sent by the reflector in response to the test message is identified, wherein the response message matches the flow matching rule of the pre-configured transmitter;
  • the response message acquires the test result for the current link described above. Solving the current IP link test for network links, because the standard TWAMP protocol is difficult to deploy, this will limit the link test range, which will result in lower test efficiency when testing network links. Problem, the result of improving test efficiency.

Abstract

本公开提供了一种链路测试方法和装置及系统。其中，该方法包括：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发送测试报文；识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。通过本公开，以解决由于标准TWAMP协议部署难度较大所导致的在对网络链路进行测试时测试效率较低的问题，从而实现提高TWAMP链路测试的效率的效果。

Description

链路测试方法和装置及系统 技术领域
本公开涉及通信领域，具体而言，涉及一种链路测试方法和装置及系统。
背景技术
TWAMP协议(Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol)是一种IP性能度量的协议，主要用于IP网络链路时延和丢包率等性能度量。TWAMP协议由两部分协议组成：TWAMP控制协议(TWAMP-Control)和TWAMP测试协议(TWAMP-Test)。TWAMP-Control主要用于初始化、启动和停止测试会话。TWAMP-Test主要用于在测试的端点间交互测试分组，同时进行IP性能的度量。
TWAMP通常有4个逻辑实体组成，简单的体系架构如图1所示：
1)控制终端(Control-Client)：TWAMP测试发起端，向Server实体发送建立控制连接请求，协商报文的通信模式、Session-Reflector端接收测试报文的端口号等。Control-Client控制TWAMP-Test会话的开始和终止。
2)服务端(Server)：接收来自Control-Client端发送的建连请求，与Control-Client协商报文通信模式、Session-Reflector端接收测试报文的端口号等。Server端管理一个或多个TEAMP-Test会话。
3)会话发射器(Session-Sender)：TWAMP-Test会话中向Session-Reflector发送测试报文的节点，同时接收来自Session-Reflector反射会的测试报文，并收集性能信息，统计测试结果。
4)会话反射器(Session-Reflector)：TWAMP-Test会话中，接收来自Session-Sender端的测试报文，并发送应答报文。
在测试阶段，首先有Session-Sender向Session-Reflector发送测试报文(如图2所示)，该测试报文中包含报文发送的序列号和时间戳。 Session-Reflector在收到Session-Sender发来的测试报文后，将测试报文反射回Session-Sender，同时在反射的测试报文中加如自己的收包时间戳、发包时间戳和报文序列号等信息(如图3所示)。Session-Sender收到Session-Reflector发射回的测试报文后，收集报文信息，并进行IP性能度量。
假设将上述过程中Session-Sender的发包时间戳定义为T1，收包时间戳定义为T4，Session-Reflector的收包时间戳定义为T2，发包时间戳定位T3，那么可以通过以下方法计算链路的时延。链路时延＝(T4-T1)-(T3-T2)。
Reflector处理时延＝T3-T2。
前向时延链路＝T2-T1(网络时钟同步的情况下有意义，其它情况下无意义)。
反向链路时延＝T4-T3(网络时钟同步的情况下有意义，其它情况下无意义)。假设我们将测试过程中，Session-Sender端发送的报文个数定义为TxC，接收Session-Reflector发射的报文个数定义为RxC，那么我可以通过TxC-RxC来计算整个还回链路的丢包数。
相关的TWAMP协议是IP网络性能度量的一种标准协议，在网络性能度量时，需要同时运行TWAMP控制协议和TWAMP测试协议，这就要求所部署的设备必须具备运行TCP/IP协议的能力及IP转发能力，否则，TWAMP将部署时将比较困难。然而，在PTN承载网等复杂组网中，网络中可能既有二层(L2)业务也有三层(L3)业务，例如典型的LTE组网中，如图4所示，接入层采用L2 VPN，部署MPLS-TP L2 VPN业务，核心层采用L3 VPN，部署MPLS-TP L3 VPN业务，L2和L3业务通过桥接设备内部进行桥接互通。
随着对网络性能要求的不断提高，网络运营商也越来越重视从L2接入设备到L3核心落地设备间全程链路的性能和连通性的测试和监控。在此复杂组网下，将为标准TWAMP测试协议的部署带来困难和挑战，主要原因如下：
1)在无IP地址部署的L2网络中,网络设备无法运行TCP/IP协议，例如图4中的L2接入和汇聚网络。由于标准TWAMP协议是基于TCP/IP协议的，因此，就无法在L2网络中部署标准TWAMP协议进行L2端到端或L2到L3端到端链路性能度量。
2)即便L2接入设备具备运行TCP/IP协议的能力，由于每个L2接入设备可能接入大量基站控制器或CE(Customer Edge)设备，如果用标准TWAMP协议测试从L2接入设备到L3核心落地设备间的链路性能，就需要针对每个接入基站控制器或CE设备开启一个TWAMP测试会话，并为之分配IP地址。然而，在L2接入设备上，可为之分配的IP地址资源是有限的，这就使大规模部署TWAMP检测变得异常困难。同时，在L2测大规模开启TCP/IP协议，也可能会对基站控制器的业务流量造成影响，影响用户体验。
3)当大规模部署标准TWAMP协议时，需要同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。由于TWAMP测试协议运行在控制协议之上，当控制协议异常时，会导致测试协议终止，不利测试协议长时间不间断测试，同时也不利于TWAMP测试会话的控制和维护。
4)当有些设备只支持TWAMP反射器，不支持TWAMP控制协议的情况下，标准TWAMP也无法部署。
也就是说，目前在对网络链路进行IP性能测试时，由于标准TWAMP协议部署难度较大，这将使得链路测试范围受到很大限制，从而将导致在对网络链路进行测试时测试效率较低的问题。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种链路测试方法和装置及系统，以至少解决相关技术中在对网络链路进行测试时测试效率较低的问题。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种链路测试方法，包括：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发 送上述测试报文；识别上述反射器响应上述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，上述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在上述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，还包括：配置上述发射器的发射参数，其中，上述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议(Internet Protocol)IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，上述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据上述发射参数生成上述发射器的流匹配规则；或者，配置上述发射器的发射参数，其中，上述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，上述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据上述发射参数生成上述发射器的流匹配规则。
可选地，上述根据上述发射参数生成上述发射器的流匹配规则包括：根据上述测试报文中的报文信息生成上述发射器的流匹配规则，其中，上述发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源用户数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol)UDP端口号、目的UDP用户数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol)端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，在上述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，包括：在上述发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为上述三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，上述三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
可选地，上述识别上述反射器响应上述测试报文发送的应答报文包括：接收报文；根据上述发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的上述报文进行参数匹配；在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出上述报文为上述反射器发送的上述应答报文。
可选地，上述根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果包括： 根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；在上述测试时延和/或上述丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，上述根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路测试得到的测试时延包括：获取上述应答报文中携带的以下时间戳：上述发射器发送上述测试报文的第一时间戳、上述反射器接收上述测试报文的第二时间戳、上述反射器发送上述应答报文的第三时间戳；获取上述发射器接收上述应答报文的第四时间戳；根据上述第一时间戳、上述第二时间戳、上述第三时间戳及上述第四时间戳获取以下至少一种测试时延：上述当前链路的正向时延、上述当前链路的反向时延、上述当前链路的环路时延。
可选地，上述根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路测试得到的丢包率包括：获取上述发射器发送上述测试报文的发包数及接收上述应答报文的收包数；根据上述收包数与上述发包数的差值获取上述丢包率。
可选地，在上述发射器向反射器发送上述测试报文之后，还包括：若预定周期内未收到上述应答报文，则判定上述当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
可选地，上述发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，上述反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，上述桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种链路测试方法，包括：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是上述测试报文时，响应上述测试报文生成应答报文；向上述发射器发送上述应答报文。
可选地，在上述通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，还包括：配置上述反射器的反射参数；根据上述反射参数生成上述反射器的流匹配规则，其 中，上述反射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源互联网协议IP地址、目的互联网协议IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的UDP用户数据报协议端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，上述根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文包括：根据上述反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的上述报文进行参数匹配；在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出上述报文为上述发射器发送的上述测试报文。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种链路测试方法，包括：发射器通过上述发射器的用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；并向反射器发送上述测试报文；上述反射器通过上述反射器的用户网络接口接收报文；上述反射器根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为上述发射器发送的测试报文；在识别出是上述测试报文时，上述反射器响应上述测试报文生成应答报文，并向上述发射器发送上述应答报文；上述发射器识别出上述反射器发送的应答报文，其中，上述应答报文与预先配置的上述发射器的流匹配规则匹配；上述发射器根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种链路测试装置，上述装置位于发射器，上述装置包括：模拟单元，用于通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；第一发送单元，用于向反射器发送上述测试报文；识别单元，用于识别上述反射器响应上述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，上述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；获取单元，根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，还包括：第一配置单元，用于在上述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，配置上述发射器的发射参数，其中，上述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址， 或者，使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，上述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；生成单元，用于根据上述发射参数生成上述发射器的流匹配规则。
可选地，上述生成单元包括：生成模块，设置为根据上述测试报文中的报文信息生成上述发射器的流匹配规则，其中，上述发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的用户数据报协议UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，还包括：第二配置单元，用于在上述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，在上述发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为上述三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，上述三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
可选地，上述识别单元包括：接收模块，设置为接收报文；匹配模块，设置为根据上述发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的上述报文进行参数匹配；识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出上述报文为上述反射器发送的上述应答报文。
可选地，上述获取单元包括：第一获取模块，设置为根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；第一发送模块，设置为在上述测试时延和/或上述丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，还包括：第二发送单元，用于在上述发射器向反射器发送上述测试报文之后，在预定周期内未收到上述应答报文时，判定上述当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
可选地，上述发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，上述反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，上述桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种链路测试装置，上述装置 位于反射器，上述装置包括：接收单元，用于通过用户网络接口接收报文；识别单元，用于根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；第一生成单元，用于在识别出是上述测试报文时，响应上述测试报文生成应答报文；发送单元，用于向上述发射器发送上述应答报文。
可选地，还包括：配置单元，用于在上述通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，配置上述反射器的反射参数；第二生成单元，用于根据上述反射参数生成上述反射器的流匹配规则，其中，上述反射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源互联网协议IP地址、目的互联网协议IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的用户数据报协议UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，上述识别单元包括：匹配模块，设置为根据上述反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的上述报文进行参数匹配；识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出上述报文为上述发射器发送的上述测试报文。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种链路测试系统，包括：发射器所在设备，其中，上述发射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发送上述测试报文；识别上述反射器响应上述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，上述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果；上述反射器所在设备，其中，上述反射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是上述测试报文时，响应上述测试报文生成应答报文；向上述发射器发送上述应答报文。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种存储介质。该存储介质设置为存储用于执行以下步骤的程序代码：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别上述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是上述测试报文时，响应上述测试报文生成应答报文；向上述发射器发送上述应答报文。
通过本公开，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。
可选地，当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是相关技术中TWAMP协议的简单架构图；
图2是相关技术中非认证模式下Sender-Test报文封装格式图；
图3是相关技术中非认证模式下Reflector-Test报文封装格式图；
图4是相关技术中典型LTE组网以及业务端到端检测示意图；
图5是根据本公开可选实施例的一种可选的TWAMP的简单架构图；
图6是根据本公开可选实施例的一种可选的链路测试方法的流程图；
图7是根据本公开可选实施例的一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图8是根据本公开可选实施例的另种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图9是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图10是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图11是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图12是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图13是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图14是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图15是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图16是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图17是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图18是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图19是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试方法的示意图；
图20是根据本公开可选实施例的又一种可选的链路测试装置的示意图；
图21是根据本公开可选实施例的另一种可选的链路测试装置的示意 图。
实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
需要说明的是，本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
实施例1
为了解决由于标准TWAMP协议在复杂组网中部署时遇到的问题，本公开实施例提出了一种基于轻量级TWAMP测试协议实现链路测试的方案。其中，上述链路测试方法可以但不限于应用于如图5所示架构，具体方案如下：本公开实施例在链路测试过程中去除了标准TWAMP协议中的控制协议，只保留测试协议，使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，从而解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖。在链路测试过程中部署TWAMP协议时，不再无IP规划或IP地址资源有限的限制，在使得测试协议部署更加灵活快捷的同时，扩大了链路测试的应用场景范围，进而实现提高对网络链路测试的测试效率的效果。
在本实施例中提供了一种链路测试方法。图6是根据本公开实施例的一种可选的链路测试方法的流程图，如图6所示，该流程包括如下步骤：
S602，通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
S604，向反射器发送测试报文；
S606，识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；
S608，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法可以但不限于应用于图5所示的链路测试系统中，如应用于上述系统中的控制终端的会话发射器中。其中，控制终端中的会话发射器(即发射器)通过发射器的用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；并向服务端的会话反射器(即反射器)发送测试报文；反射器通过反射器的用户网络接口接收报文；反射器根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文；在识别出是测试报文时，反射器响应测试报文生成应答报文，并向发射器发送应答报文；发射器识别出反射器发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；发射器根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法在测试过程中所使用的TWAMP可以但不限于：去除了标准双向主动测量协议(Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol，TWAMP)中的控制协议，只保留测试协议。也就是说，在本实施例中，根据TWAMP在发射器和反射器配置预先生成测试流匹配规则；TWAMP发射器通过发射器的用户侧网络接口(UNI接口)，模拟用户入向报文，向反射器发送测试报文；反射器根据流匹配规则识别出发射器发送测试报文，并生成应答报文，发送给发射器；发射器根据流匹配规则识别出反射器发送的应答报文，并根据应答报文获取当前链路的测试结果。通过使用轻量化的TWAMP中的测试协议，以解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖，及标准TWAMP协议部署时对网络场景的限制。从而实现更加灵活地协议部署，进而保证对网络环境中不同场景下的链路均可实现灵活测试，以达到提高链路测试效率的效果。
此外，在本实施例中，测试报文可以但不限于为通过用户网络接口(User Network Interface，UNI)模拟用户入向报文(输入报文)得到，由于通过UNI发送的报文包括真正的业务报文及上述模拟得到的测试报文，因而，为了准确区分TWAMP测试报文和业务报文，本实施例中，通过在发射器自动生成流匹配规则，以保证准确从所传输的报文中区分出测试报文， 从而防止TWAMP测试报文随业务流量转发，减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
具体而言，以图4所示，接入层采用L2 VPN，部署面向传送的多协议标签交换(Multiprotocol Label Switching–Transport Profile，MPLS-TP)二层虚拟私人网络(Virtual Private Network)业务(即L2 VPN业务)；核心层采用三层虚拟私人网络(Virtual Private Network)业务(即L3 VPN业务)，部署MPLS-TP L3 VPN业务，L2业务和L3业务通过桥接设备内部进行桥接互通。假设发射器设置在接入层的接入设备中，反射器设置核心层的落地设备中，可选实施例，可以但不限于分别在发射器和反射器设置TWAMP报文流匹配规则，并下发到各自对应的报文转发装置中，当接收到报文时，报文转发装置根据配置的流匹配规则可以识别该报文，从而实现对识别出的测试报文(或应答报文)进行链路性能度量。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
可选地，在本实施例中，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，还包括以下至少之一：
1)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则；
2)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则。
需要说明的是，由于是基于流匹配规则来识别TWAMP测试报文的，当接入设备无IP规划时，或IP地址资源受限时，在本实施例中，可以但不限于借用末端设备(如基站控制器和/或用户边缘路由器(Customer Edge，CE设备)的IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，并通过UNI接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文。
其中，在发射器位于接入设备(如二层汇聚网络设备，即L2设备)时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式1)中的虚拟源IP地址；而在发射器位于落地设备(如三层核心网络设备，即L3设备)或桥接设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式2)中的虚拟目的IP地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法不仅可以实现在线链路测试，还可以实现离线链路测试。其中，在离线测试过程中，发射器可以但不限于通过配置的三层业务虚拟接口(L3VI(Virtual Interface))来触发地址解析协议ARP，以使离线状态下，也可以获取对应的MAC地址。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。如果要在接入设备(A设备)和落地设备(C设备)之间部署TWAMP测试时，如果发射器位于接入设备A，接入设备A发起测试，由于是离线测试，桥接设备在接收到应答报文后，可能无法获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址，从而导致被反射器发回的应答报文无法到达接入设备(A设备)，从而导致测试无法成功。因此，在本实施例中，可以通过预先配置L3VI接口，并配置该接口的IP地址，由L3VI接口触发免费ARP学习，使得在离线测试时，桥接设备能够获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果包括：根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；在测试时延和/或丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，在向反射器发送测试报文之后，还包括：若预定周期内未收到应答报文，则判定当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，上述使用TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行的TWAMP测试可以是对链路连通性的测试，也可以是对链路的性能测试。
其中，对链路连通性的测试可以包括但不限于以下至少一种方式：
1)通过判断在预定周期内是否收到应答报文，来判断当前链路是否连通；
2)通过判断丢包率是否大于预定阈值，来判断当前链路是否连通。
通过对链路连通性的实时监控，以实现当链路发生连通性故障时，及时在第一时间上报连通性丢失告警信息或丢包率越限告警信息。
当A设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP只进行连通性测试，当链路有丢包或链路丢包门限达到一定值时，上报连通性丢失告警。
此外，对链路的性能测试可以包括但不限于：根据对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；分析当前链路所出现的故障，以根据分析出的故障发送对应的告警信息。
具体结合以下示例进行说明，如图7所示场景，其中，A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，负责将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器(图中未示出)，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。如果要在接入设备A和桥接落地设备C之前部署TWAMP测量时，如果从L2接入设备A发起测量，具体实施方案如下：
S1，在A设备配置轻量级TWAMP测试发射器，指定源IP、目的IP，源UDP端口号、目的端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，下一跳网关，接入接口及报文DSCP等可选参数，并根据配置的参数生成发射器TWAMP报文流匹配规则，下发给报文转发装置。这里：在业务在线测试时，源IP地址是借用基站控制器或CE设备的IP地址，目的MAC是桥接设备B的MAC地址，如果不指定则需要指定下一跳网关地址。需要说明的是，借用的虚拟IP不影响业务的L2处理流程。
S2，在C设备配置轻量级TWAMP测试反射器，指定该反射器的源IP、目的IP，源UDP端口号、目的端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，接入接口及报文DSCP等可选参数，并根据配置的参数形成反射器TWAMP报文流匹配规则，下发给报文转发装置。一个反射器流匹配规则，可以匹配一条TWAMP测试流，也可以匹配多条TWAMP测试流。
S3，在发射器(Sender)，当TWAMP需要业务在线测试时，A设备TWAMP协议处理模块借用基站或CE设备IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文(模拟UNI接口进来的报文)，向C发送测试报文(Sender-Test Packet)，报文中携带A设备的发包时间戳T1，TWAMP协议处理模块同时进行报文发包计数(Txc)统计。
S4，在反射器(Reflector)，当C设备通过UNI的报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP的Sender-Test测试报文，C设备轻量级TWAMP反射器生成反射器测试报文(Reflector-Test packet)，并发送到A设备。Reflector-Test报文中携带Sender-Test报文中的发包时间戳T1，同时携带Reflector-Test测试报文的收包时间戳T2及发包时间戳T3。如果匹配不成功，则认为是业务报文，根据转发规则继续转发报文。
S5，在发射器，A设备UNI侧报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP反射器发送的Reflector-Test测试报文，TWAMP协议处理模块进 行收包计数(RxC)统计，同时从Reflector-Test报文中解析Sender-Test报文的发包时间戳T1及Reflector-Test报文的收包时间戳T2和发包时间戳T3，然后进行丢包率、正向时延、反向时延、环回时延等链路性能统计。
S6，当A端设备需要进行链路连通性测试时，TWAMP协议处理模块启动连通性检测，当发射器发送完Sender-Test测试报文后，一段周期内未收到反射器反射回的Reflector-Test测试报文，则认为链路连通性故障，发送连通性告警给用户。当链路时延或丢包率达到预设的门限值时上报越限告警。用户根据需要进行后续处理。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
作为一种可选的方案，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，还包括：
1)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则；或者，
2)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一： 基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则。
需要说明的是，由于是基于流匹配规则来识别TWAMP测试报文的，当接入设备无IP规划时，或IP地址资源受限时，在本实施例中，可以但不限于借用末端设备(如基站控制器和/或用户边缘路由器(Customer Edge，CE设备)的IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，并通过UNI接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文。
其中，在发射器位于接入设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式1)中的虚拟源IP地址；而在发射器位于落地设备或桥接设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式2)中的虚拟目的IP地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则包括：根据测试报文中的报文信息生成发射器的流匹配规则，其中，发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用借用的末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟IP地址，以克服相关技术中无IP规划或IP资源有限等情况，对TWAMP测试造成的测试限制，从而实现解除在链路测试时，TWAMP部署时对TCP/IP的依赖。进而达到扩展测试范围，提高测试效率的目的。
作为一种可选的方案，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，包括：
S1，在发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
需要说明的是，由于在离线测试时，桥接设备可能无法获取发射器所在设备的MAC地址，从而导致被反射回测试报文的应答报文无法到达发射器所在设备。因此，在本实施例中，需要在TWAMP发射器所在设备配置L3VI接口并配置该接口IP地址，由L3VI接口触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够获取发射器所在设备的MAC地址。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。
如果要在接入设备(A设备)和落地设备(C设备)之间部署TWAMP测试时，如果发射器位于接入设备A，接入设备A发起测试，由于是离线测试，则发射器所在接入设备(A设备)将通过预先配置L3VI接口，并配置该接口的IP地址，触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备在返回应答报文之前，能够学习获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过在离线状态下完成TWAMP测试，保证了测试的效率。
作为一种可选的方案，接收反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文包括：
S1，接收报文；
S2，根据发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的报文进行参数匹配；
S3，在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出报文为反射器发送的应答报文。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。
当C设备通过UNI报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP的Sender-Test测试报文，C设备轻量级TWAMP反射器生成反射器的应答报文(Reflector-Test packet)，并发送到A设备。Reflector-Test报文中携带Sender-Test报文中的发包时间戳T1，同时携带Reflector-Test测试报文的收包时间戳T2及发包时间戳T3。如果匹配不成功，则认为是业务报文，根据转发规则继续转发报文。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过预配置的流匹配规则，实现对业务报 文及测试报文(及应答报文)的准确区分，从而达到减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
作为一种可选的方案，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果包括：
S1，根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；
S2，在测试时延和/或丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延包括：获取应答报文中携带的以下时间戳：发射器发送测试报文的第一时间戳T1、反射器接收测试报文的第二时间戳T-、反射器发送应答报文的第三时间戳T3；获取发射器接收应答报文的第四时间戳T4；根据第一时间戳、第二时间戳、第三时间戳及第四时间戳获取以下至少一种测试时延：当前链路的正向时延、当前链路的反向时延、当前链路的环路时延。
其中，正向时延可以但不限于为T2-T1，反向时延可以但不限于为T4-T3，反射器处理时延可以但不限于为T3-T2，环路时延可以但不限于为(T4-T1)-(T3-T2)。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的丢包率包括：获取发射器发送测试报文的发包数TxC及接收应答报文的收包数RxC；根据收包数与发包数的差值获取丢包率。
其中，丢包数可以但不限于为TxC–RxC，根据该丢包数可以确定丢包率，例如，丢包率为(TxC–RxC)/TxC。
作为一种可选的方案，在向反射器发送测试报文之后，还包括：
S1，若预定周期内未收到应答报文，则判定当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
通过本申请提供的实施例，当大规模部署轻量级TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延等性能统计，通过判 断是否收到应答报文来实现对链路单独进行连通性测试。
作为一种可选的方案，发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器、与A设备相连。在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起接入设备端到落地设备端的在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起分段(即接入设备端到桥接设备端)在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起分段(即桥接设备端到落地设备端)在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L2 VPN网络中端到端的在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器、与A设备相连。在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起接入设备端到落地设备端的在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起分段(即桥接设备端到接入设备端)在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起分段(即落地设备端到桥接设备端)在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L3 VPN网络中端到端的在线性链路测试过程中。
具体可以结合以下示例进行说明：
作为一种可选的示例1)：在L2侧向L3侧主动发起端到端在线性能测量，如图8所示。是在业务在线的情况下，由L2接入设备主动发起 TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L2接入到L3落地设备间链路时延、丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在核心落地设备C部署轻量级TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等可选参数。
S2，在接入设备A上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC地址等可选参数。注意，此处的源IP地址借用的是基站IP地址，目的地址为L3落地设备IP地址。当指定目的MAC时，该MAC地址为桥接设备B的MAC地址，否则，需要指定下一跳网关地址。
S3，在设备A上发TWAMP测试。
S4，如上述实施例所记载的方式，A设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向C设备发送测试报文。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在C设备的UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到A设备。
S6，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在A设备的UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S7，当A设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP只进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
作为一种可选的示例2)：在L3侧向L2侧主动发起端到端在线性能测量，如图9所示，是在业务在线的情况下，由L3核心落地设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L3落地设备到L2接入设备间链路时 延丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在L2接入设备A部署轻量级TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。
S2，在L3核心落地设备C上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。注意，此处的目的IP地址是基站或CE设备IP地址，源地址为L3落地设备IP地址。
S3，在设备C上发TWAMP测试。
S4，如上述实施例所记载的方式，C设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向A设备发送测试报文。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在A设备的L2UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到C设备。
S6，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在C设备的L3UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S7，当C设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP只进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
作为一种可选的示例3)：在L2侧向L3侧主动发起端到端离线性能测量，如图10所示，是在业务离线的情况下或在业务上线之前，由L2接入设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L2接入到L3落地设备间链路时延丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在核心落地设备C部署轻量级TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。
S2，在接入设备A上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC地址等参数。注意，此处的源IP地址可以借用的是基站IP地址也可以是L3vi接口IP地址，目的地址为L3落地设备IP地址。当指定目的MAC时，该MAC地址为桥接设备B的MAC地址，否则，需要指定下一跳网关地址。
S3，由于是离线测试，桥接设备可能无法获取接入设备A的MAC地址，从而导致被反射回的测试报文无法到达发射器，从而导致测试无法成功，因此，在测试之前，需要TWAMP发射器触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够学习到接入设备的MAC地址。或者在L2接入设备配置L3VI接口并配置该接口IP地址，由三层L3VI接口触发ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够获取L2接入设备MAC地址。
S4，在设备A上发TWAMP测试。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，A设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向C设备发送测试报文。
S6如上述实施例所记载的方式，在C设备的UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到A设备。
S7，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在A设备的UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S8，当A设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP值进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当 一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
作为一种可选的示例4)：在L3侧向L2侧主动发起端到端离线性能测量，如图11所示，是在业务离线的情况下或在业务上线之前，由L3核心落地设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L3落地设备到L2接入设备间链路时延丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在L2接入设备A部署轻量级TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。
S2，在核心落地设备C上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。注意，此处的目的IP地址是基站IP地址，L3VI接口IP地址，源地址为L3落地设备IP地址。
S3，由于是离线测试，桥接设备可能无法获取接入设备A的MAC地址，从而导致发射器发送的测试报文无法到达反射器，从而导致测试无法成功，因此，在测试之前，需要TWAMP反射器触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够学习到接入设备的MAC地址。或者在L2接入设备配置L3VI接口并配置该接口IP地址，由三层L3VI接口触发ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够获取L2接入设备MAC地址。
S4，在设备C上发TWAMP测试。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，C设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向A设备发送测试报文。
S6，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在A设备的L2UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到C设备。
S7，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在C设备的L3UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至 TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S8，当C设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP只进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
作为一种可选的示例5)：L2到L2端到端分段测量，如图12所示，该实施例主要用于L2+L3组网中，L2接入侧到桥接设备L2侧分段网络链路测量。是从L2接入设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L2接入设备到桥接设备L2侧间链路时延、丢包等性能度量；主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在桥接设备B的L2侧部署TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，报文DSCP等参数。
S2，在接入设备A上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC地址等参数。
S3，在设备A上发TWAMP测试。
S4，如上述实施例所记载的方式，A设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向B设备发送测试报文。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在桥接设备B的L2侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到A设备。
S6，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在A设备的在L2UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S7，当A设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP值进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
当进行在线或离线测试时，可参考示例1至4的在线和离线测试场景的配置。
作为一种可选的示例6)：L3到L3侧端到端分段测量，如图13所示，该实施例主要用于L2+L3组网中，L3落地设备到桥接设备L3侧分段网络链路测量。是L3落地设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L3落地设备到桥接设备L3侧间链路时延、丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在桥接设备(B设备)的L3侧部署TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，报文DSCP等参数。
S2，在接入设备(C设备)上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，DSCP等参数。
S3，在C设备上发TWAMP测试。
S4，如上述实施例所记载的方式，C设备TWAMP发射器，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文，向B设备发送测试报文。
S5，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在桥接设备B的L3UNI侧，报文转发装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文，并生成反射报发送到C设备。
S6，如上述实施例所记载的方式，在C设备的L3UNI侧，报文转发 装置根据TWAMP流匹配规则，匹配到TWAMP测试报文后，将报文送至TWAMP协议模块处理，TWAMP协议处理模块进行丢包和时延统计。
S7，如果要在桥接设备(B设备)的L3侧发起测量，只需将上述发射器和反射器互换位置接口。
S8，当C设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP值进行连通性测试，当链路丢包率达到预设的门限值时，上报连通性越限告警；或者，当一定周期内未收到任何应答报文时，上报连通性丢失告警。
作为一种可选的示例7)：L2 VPN端到端测量，如图14所示，该实施例主要用于L2 VPN组网中，L2接入侧到另一L2接入侧端到端链路测量。是从L2接入设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L2一侧接入设备到L2另一侧接入设备间链路时延、丢包等性能度量；具体实施方式同实施例五。
作为一种可选的示例8)：L3 VPN端到端测量，如图15所示，该实施例主要用于L3 VPN组网中，L3接入侧到另一L3接入侧端到端链路测量。是从L3接入设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计从L3一侧接入设备到L3另一侧接入设备间链路时延、丢包等性能度量；具体实施方式同实施例六。
作为一种可选的示例9)：在L2到L3端到端叠加测量，如图16所示，该实施例用于L2+L3复杂组网中，L2接入设备到L3核心落地设备间端到端链路性能度量叠加L2网络和L3网络分段端到端链路性能度量。这种测量方式是示例1至示例6的叠加，可实时监控各段网络性能。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，在接入设备A上配置指向核心落地设备C的发射器Sender1和指 向桥接设备B的反射器Sender2。
S2，在桥接设备B的L2侧配置Sender2的反射器reflector2。
S3，在桥接设备B的L3侧配置指向C的发射器Sender3。
S4，在核心落地设备C配置Sender1的反射器reflector1及Sender3的反射器reflector3。
S5，通过上述配置，Sender1和reflector1测量L2接入设备到L3核心落地设备间的链路性能；Sender2和reflector2测量L2接入设备到桥接设备L2侧的链路性能；Sender3和reflector3测量桥接设备L3侧到核心落地设备间的链路性能。
该场景下连通性测试和前面示例中的测试方式相同，本示例在此不再赘述。
作为一种可选的示例10)：在L3到L2端到端叠加测量，如图17所示，该实施例用于L2+L3复杂组网中，L3核心落地设备到L2接入设备间端到端链路性能度量叠加L2网络和L3网络分段端到端链路性能度量。这种测量方式是示例1至实示例6的叠加，可实时监控各段网络性能。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，在接入设备C上配置指L2接入设备A的发射器Sender1和指向桥接设备B的反射器Sender2，。
S2，在桥接设备B的L3侧配置Sender2的反射器reflector2。
S3，在桥接设备B的L2侧配置指向接入设备A的发射器Sender3。
S4，在L2接入设备A配置Sender1的反射器reflector1及Sender3的反射器reflector3。
S5，通过上述配置，Sender1和reflector1测量L3核心落地设备到L2接入设备间的链路性能；Sender2和reflector2测量L3核心落地设备到桥接设备L3侧的链路性能；Sender3和reflector3测量桥接设备L2侧到L2 接入设备间的链路性能。
该场景下连通性测试和前面示例中的测试方式相同，本示例在此不再赘述。
作为一种可选的示例11)：在L2侧到基站控制器或CE设备端到端测量，如图18所示，是在L2接入设备主动发起TWAMP测量，实时收集统计L2接入设备到基站控制器或CE设备间链路时延、丢包等性能度量。主要包括以下几个步骤：
S1，按上述实施方式，在基站控制器或CE设备上部署TWAMP反射器，并指定反射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，报文DSCP等可选参数。
S2，在接入设备A上部署轻量级TWAMP发射器，并指定发射器的源IP地址、目的IP地址，源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号，源MAC、目的MAC地址等可选参数。
S3，在设备A上发TWAMP测试。
S4，按上述实施方式，A设备TWAMP发射器向基站控制器或CE设备发送测试报文。
S5，基站控制器或CE设备根据上述按上述实施方式，将测试报文反射会A设备。
S6，A设备收到基站控制器或CE设备反射回来的测试报文后，进行丢包和时延统计。
该场景下连通性测试和前面示例中的测试方式相同，本示例在此不再赘述。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到根据上述实施例的方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理 解，本公开的技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台终端设备(可以是手机，计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本公开各个实施例所述的方法。
实施例2
在本实施例中还提供了一种链路测试方法，如图19所示，包括：
S1902，通过用户网络接口接收报文；
S1904，根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
S1906，在识别出是测试报文时，响应测试报文生成应答报文；
S1908，向发射器发送应答报文。
可选地，在可选实施例中提出了一种基于轻量级TWAMP测试协议实现链路测试的方案。其中，上述链路测试方法可以但不限于应用于如图5所示架构，如应用于服务端的会话反射器。具体方案如下：控制终端中的会话发射器(即发射器)通过发射器的用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；并向服务端的会话反射器(即反射器)发送测试报文；反射器通过反射器的用户网络接口接收报文；反射器根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文；在识别出是测试报文时，反射器响应测试报文生成应答报文，并向发射器发送应答报文；发射器识别出反射器发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；发射器根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在本实施例中，在链路测试过程中去除了标准TWAMP协议 中的控制协议，只保留测试协议，使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，从而解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖。在链路测试过程中部署TWAMP协议时，不再无IP规划或IP地址资源有限的限制，在使得测试协议部署更加灵活快捷的同时，扩大了链路测试的应用场景范围，进而实现提高对网络链路测试的测试效率的效果。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法在测试过程中所使用的TWAMP可以但不限于：去除了标准双向主动测量协议(Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol，TWAMP)中的控制协议，只保留测试协议。也就是说，通过使用轻量化的TWAMP中的测试协议，以解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖。从而实现更加灵活地协议部署，进而保证对网络环境中不同场景下的链路均可实现灵活测试，以达到提高链路测试效率的效果。
此外，在本实施例中，测试报文可以但不限于为通过用户网络接口(User Network Interface，UNI)模拟用户入向报文(输入报文)得到，由于通过UNI发送的报文包括真正的业务报文及上述模拟得到的测试报文，因而，为了准确区分TWAMP测试报文和业务报文，本实施例中，通过在发射器预先配置流匹配规则，以保证准确从所传输的报文中区分出测试报文，从而防止TWAMP测试报文随业务流量转发，减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
可选地，在本实施例中，在通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，还包括：配置反射器的反射参数；根据反射参数生成反射器的流匹配规则，其中，反射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文包括：根据反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的报文进行参数匹配；在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出报文为发射器发送的测试报文。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议 TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
实施例3
在本实施例中还提供了一种链路测试装置，该装置用于实现上述实施例及可选地实施方式，已经进行过说明的不再赘述。如以下所使用的，术语“模块”可以实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
图20是根据本公开实施例的链路测试装置的结构框图，如图20所示，上述装置位于发射器，该装置包括：
1)模拟单元2002，设置为通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
2)第一发送单元2004，设置为向反射器发送测试报文；
3)识别单元2006，设置为识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；
4)获取单元2008，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试装置可以但不限于应用于图5所示的链路测试系统中，其中，该系统包括：发射器所在设备(如控制终 端)、反射器所在设备(如服务端)。可选地，在本实施例中，上述装置可以但不限于应用于上述系统中的控制终端的会话发射器中。
(1)控制终端中的会话发射器(即发射器)用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发送测试报文；识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果；
(2)服务端中的会话反射器(即反射器)用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是测试报文时，响应测试报文生成应答报文；向发射器发送应答报文。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法在测试过程中所使用的TWAMP可以但不限于：去除了标准双向主动测量协议(Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol，TWAMP)中的控制协议，只保留测试协议。也就是说，在本实施例中，根据TWAMP在发射器和反射器配置预先生成测试流匹配规则；TWAMP发射器通过发射器的用户侧网络接口(UNI接口)，模拟用户入向报文，向反射器发送测试报文；反射器根据流匹配规则识别出发射器发送测试报文，并生成应答报文，发送给发射器；发射器根据流匹配规则识别出反射器发送的应答报文，并根据应答报文获取当前链路的测试结果。通过使用轻量化的TWAMP中的测试协议，以解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖，及标准TWAMP协议部署时对网络场景的限制。从而实现更加灵活地协议部署，进而保证对网络环境中不同场景下的链路均可实现灵活测试，以达到提高链路测试效率的效果。
此外，在本实施例中，测试报文可以但不限于为通过用户网络接口(User Network Interface，UNI)模拟用户入向报文(输入报文)得到，由于 通过UNI发送的报文包括真正的业务报文及上述模拟得到的测试报文，因而，为了准确区分TWAMP测试报文和业务报文，本实施例中，通过在发射器自动生成流匹配规则，以保证准确从所传输的报文中区分出测试报文，从而防止TWAMP测试报文随业务流量转发，减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
具体而言，以图4所示，接入层采用L2 VPN，部署面向传送的多协议标签交换(Multiprotocol Label Switching–Transport Profile，MPLS-TP)二层虚拟私人网络(Virtual Private Network)业务(即L2 VPN业务)；核心层采用三层虚拟私人网络(Virtual Private Network)业务(即L3 VPN业务)，部署MPLS-TP L3 VPN业务，L2业务和L3业务通过桥接设备内部进行桥接互通。假设发射器设置在接入层的接入设备中，反射器设置核心层的落地设备中，可选实施例，可以但不限于分别在发射器和反射器设置TWAMP报文流匹配规则，并下发到各自对应的报文转发装置中，当接收到报文时，报文转发装置根据配置的流匹配规则可以识别该报文，从而实现对识别出的测试报文(或应答报文)进行链路性能度量。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
可选地，在本实施例中，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，还包括以下至少之一：
1)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则；
2)配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则。
需要说明的是，由于是基于流匹配规则来识别TWAMP测试报文的，当接入设备无IP规划时，或IP地址资源受限时，在本实施例中，可以但不限于借用末端设备(如基站控制器和/或用户边缘路由器(Customer Edge，CE设备)的IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，并通过UNI接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文。
其中，在发射器位于接入设备(如二层汇聚网络设备，即L2设备)时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式1)中的虚拟源IP地址；而在发射器位于落地设备(如三层核心网络设备，即L3设备)或桥接设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式2)中的虚拟目的IP地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试装置不仅可以实现在线链路测试，还可以实现离线链路测试。其中，在离线测试过程中，发射器可以但不限于通过配置的三层业务虚拟接口(L3VI(Virtual Interface))来触发地址解析协议ARP，以使离线状态下，也可以获取对应的MAC地址。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。如果要在接入设备(A设备)和落地设备(C设备)之间部署TWAMP测试时，如果发射器位于接入设备A，接入设备A发起测试，由于是离线测试，桥接设备在接收到应答报文后，可能无法获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址，从而导致被反射器发回的应答报文无法到达接入设备(A设备)，从而导致测试无法成功。因此，在本实施例 中，可以通过预先配置L3VI接口，并配置该接口的IP地址，由L3VI接口触发免费ARP学习，使得在离线测试时，桥接设备能够获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果包括：根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；在测试时延和/或丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，在向反射器发送测试报文之后，还包括：若预定周期内未收到应答报文，则判定当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，上述使用TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行的TWAMP测试可以是对链路连通性的测试，也可以是对链路的性能测试。
其中，对链路连通性的测试可以包括但不限于以下至少一种方式：
1)通过判断在预定周期内是否收到应答报文，来判断当前链路是否连通；
2)通过判断丢包率是否大于预定阈值，来判断当前链路是否连通。
通过对链路连通性的实时监控，以实现当链路发生连通性故障时，及时在第一时间上报连通性丢失告警信息或丢包率越限告警信息。
当A设备大规模部署TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延性能统计，此时TWAMP只进行连通性测试，当链路有丢包或链路丢包门限达到一定值时，上报连通性丢失告警。
此外，对链路的性能测试可以包括但不限于：根据对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；分析当前链路所出现的故障，以根据分析出的故障发送对应的告警信息。
具体结合以下示例进行说明，如图7所示场景，其中，A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，负责将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通， C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。如果要在接入设备A和桥接落地设备C之前部署TWAMP测量时，如果从L2接入设备A发起测量，具体实施方案如下：
S1，在A设备配置轻量级TWAMP测试发射器，指定源IP、目的IP，源UDP端口号、目的端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，下一跳网关，接入接口及报文DSCP等可选参数，并根据配置的参数生成发射器TWAMP报文流匹配规则，下发给报文转发装置。这里：在业务在线测试时，源IP地址是借用基站控制器或CE设备的IP地址，目的MAC是桥接设备B的MAC地址，如果不指定则需要指定下一跳网关地址。需要说明的是，借用的虚拟IP不影响业务的L2处理流程。
S2，在C设备配置轻量级TWAMP测试反射器，指定该反射器的源IP、目的IP，源UDP端口号、目的端口号，源MAC、目的MAC，接入接口及报文DSCP等可选参数，并根据配置的参数形成反射器TWAMP报文流匹配规则，下发给报文转发装置。一个反射器流匹配规则，可以匹配一条TWAMP测试流，也可以匹配多条TWAMP测试流。
S3，在发射器(Sender)，当TWAMP需要业务在线测试时，A设备TWAMP协议处理模块借用基站或CE设备IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，通过UNI接口，模拟用户入向报文(模拟UNI接口进来的报文)，向C发送测试报文(Sender-Test Packet)，报文中携带A设备的发包时间戳T1，TWAMP协议处理模块同时进行报文发包计数(Txc)统计。
S4，在反射器(Reflector)，当C设备通过UNI的报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP的Sender-Test测试报文，C设备轻量级TWAMP反射器生成反射器测试报文(Reflector-Test packet)，并发送到A设备。Reflector-Test报文中携带Sender-Test报文中的发包时间戳T1，同时携带Reflector-Test测试报文的收包时间戳T2及发包时间戳T3。如果匹配不成 功，则认为是业务报文，根据转发规则继续转发报文。
S5，在发射器，A设备UNI侧报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP反射器发送的Reflector-Test测试报文，TWAMP协议处理模块进行收包计数(RxC)统计，同时从Reflector-Test报文中解析Sender-Test报文的发包时间戳T1及Reflector-Test报文的收包时间戳T2和发包时间戳T3，然后进行丢包率、正向时延、反向时延、环回时延等链路性能统计。
S6，当A端设备需要进行链路连通性测试时，TWAMP协议处理模块启动连通性检测，当发射器发送完Sender-Test测试报文后，一段周期内未收到反射器反射回的Reflector-Test测试报文，则认为链路连通性故障，发送连通性告警给用户。当链路时延或丢包率达到预设的门限值时上报越限告警。用户根据需要进行后续处理。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
作为一种可选的方案，还包括：
1)第一配置单元，设置为在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末 端设备的IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，或者，使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器
2)生成单元，设置为根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则。
需要说明的是，由于是基于流匹配规则来识别TWAMP测试报文的，当接入设备无IP规划时，或IP地址资源受限时，在本实施例中，可以但不限于借用末端设备(如基站控制器和/或用户边缘路由器(Customer Edge，CE设备)的IP地址，作为接入设备的虚拟IP地址，并通过UNI接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文。
其中，在发射器位于接入设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式1)中的虚拟源IP地址；而在发射器位于落地设备或桥接设备时，上述借用末端设备的IP地址将作为方式2)中的虚拟目的IP地址。
可选地，在本实施例中，生成单元包括：生成模块，设置为根据测试报文中的报文信息生成发射器的流匹配规则，其中，发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用借用的末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟IP地址，以克服相关技术中无IP规划或IP资源有限等情况，对TWAMP测试造成的测试限制，从而实现解除在链路测试时，TWAMP部署时对TCP/IP的依赖。进而达到扩展测试范围，提高测试效率的目的。
作为一种可选的方案，包括：
1)第二配置单元，设置为在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，在发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
需要说明的是，由于在离线测试时，桥接设备可能无法获取发射器所在设备的MAC地址，从而导致被反射回测试报文的应答报文无法到达发 射器所在设备。因此，在本实施例中，需要在TWAMP发射器所在设备配置L3VI接口并配置该接口IP地址，由L3VI接口触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备能够获取发射器所在设备的MAC地址。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。
如果要在接入设备(A设备)和落地设备(C设备)之间部署TWAMP测试时，如果发射器位于接入设备A，接入设备A发起测试，由于是离线测试，则发射器所在接入设备(A设备)将通过预先配置L3VI接口，并配置该接口的IP地址，触发免费ARP学习，使得桥接设备在返回应答报文之前，能够学习获取接入设备(A设备)的MAC地址。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过在离线状态下完成TWAMP测试，保证了测试的效率。
作为一种可选的方案，接收单元包括：
1)接收模块，设置为接收报文；
2)匹配模块，设置为根据发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的报文进行参数匹配；
3)识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出报文为反射器发送的应答报文。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器，与A设备相连。A、B设备间部署L2 VPN业务，B、C设备间部署L3 VPN业务。
当C设备通过UNI报文转发装置收到报文后，先根据之前下发的流匹配规则进行报文匹配，如果匹配成功，则认为是轻量级TWAMP的Sender-Test测试报文，C设备轻量级TWAMP反射器生成反射器的应答报 文(Reflector-Test packet)，并发送到A设备。Reflector-Test报文中携带Sender-Test报文中的发包时间戳T1，同时携带Reflector-Test测试报文的收包时间戳T2及发包时间戳T3。如果匹配不成功，则认为是业务报文，根据转发规则继续转发报文。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过预配置的流匹配规则，实现对业务报文及测试报文(及应答报文)的准确区分，从而达到减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
作为一种可选的方案，获取单元包括：
1)第一获取模块，设置为根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；
2)第一发送模块，设置为在测试时延和/或丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的测试时延包括：获取应答报文中携带的以下时间戳：发射器发送测试报文的第一时间戳T1、反射器接收测试报文的第二时间戳T-、反射器发送应答报文的第三时间戳T3；获取发射器接收应答报文的第四时间戳T4；根据第一时间戳、第二时间戳、第三时间戳及第四时间戳获取对当前链路测试的正向时延、反向时延及环路时延。
其中，正向时延可以但不限于为T2-T1，反向时延可以但不限于为T4-T3，反射器处理时延可以但不限于为T3-T2，环路时延可以但不限于为(T4-T1)-(T3-T2)。
可选地，在本实施例中，根据应答报文获取对当前链路测试得到的丢包率包括：获取发射器发送测试报文的发包数TxC及接收应答报文的收包数RxC；根据收包数与发包数的差值获取丢包率。
其中，丢包数可以但不限于为TxC–RxC，根据该丢包数可以确定丢包率，例如，丢包率为(TxC–RxC)/TxC。
作为一种可选的方案，还包括：
1)第二发送单元，设置为在发射器向反射器发送测试报文之后，在预定周期内未收到应答报文时，判定当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
通过本申请提供的实施例，当大规模部署轻量级TWAMP后，为防止性能统计对业务流量造成影响，可根据需要关闭时延等性能统计，通过判断是否收到应答报文来实现对链路单独进行连通性测试。
作为一种可选的方案，发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器、与A设备相连。在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起接入设备端到落地设备端的在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起分段(即接入设备端到桥接设备端)在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L2侧向L3侧主动发起分段(即桥接设备端到落地设备端)在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L2 VPN网络中端到端的在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，假设A设备为L2接入设备，B设备为桥接设备，用于将L2业务和L3业务进行桥接互通，C设备为L3核心网落地设备，D设备为基站控制器、与A设备相连。在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起接入设备端到落地设备端的在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起分段(即桥接设备端到接入设备端)在线性链路测试过程中，还可以应用于L3侧向L2侧主动发起分段(即落地设备端到桥接设备端)在线性链路测试过程中。
例如，在本示例中，上述测试方法可以应用于L3 VPN网络中端到端 的在线性链路测试过程中。
需要说明的是，上述各个模块是可以通过软件或硬件来实现的，对于后者，可以通过以下方式实现，但不限于此：上述模块均位于同一处理器中；或者，上述各个模块以任意组合的形式分别位于不同的处理器中。
实施例4
在本实施例中还提供了一种链路测试装置，该装置用于实现上述实施例及可选地实施方式，已经进行过说明的不再赘述。如以下所使用的，术语“模块”可以实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
图21是根据本公开实施例的链路测试装置的结构框图，如图21所示，上述装置位于反射器，该装置包括：
1)接收单元2102，用于通过用户网络接口接收报文；
2)识别单元2104，用于根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
3)第一生成单元2106，用于在识别出是测试报文时，响应测试报文生成应答报文；
4)发送单元2108，用于向所述发射器发送所述应答报文。
可选地，可选实施例提出了一种基于轻量级TWAMP测试协议实现链路测试的方案。其中，上述链路测试装置可以但不限于应用于如图5所示架构，如应用于服务端的会话反射器。具体方案如下：控制终端中的会话发射器(即发射器)通过发射器的用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；并向服务端的会话反射器(即反射器)发送测试报文； 反射器通过反射器的用户网络接口接收报文；反射器根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文；在识别出是测试报文时，反射器响应测试报文生成应答报文，并向发射器发送应答报文；发射器识别出反射器发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；发射器根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，在本实施例中，在链路测试过程中去除了标准TWAMP协议中的控制协议，只保留测试协议，使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，从而解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖。在链路测试过程中部署TWAMP协议时，不再无IP规划或IP地址资源有限的限制，在使得测试协议部署更加灵活快捷的同时，扩大了链路测试的应用场景范围，进而实现提高对网络链路测试的测试效率的效果。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述链路测试方法在测试过程中所使用的TWAMP可以但不限于：去除了标准双向主动测量协议(Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol，TWAMP)中的控制协议，只保留测试协议。也就是说，通过使用轻量化的TWAMP中的测试协议，以解除了TWAMP对TCP/IP协议的依赖。从而实现更加灵活地协议部署，进而保证对网络环境中不同场景下的链路均可实现灵活测试，以达到提高链路测试效率的效果。
此外，在本实施例中，测试报文可以但不限于为通过用户网络接口(User Network Interface，UNI)模拟用户入向报文(输入报文)得到，由于通过UNI发送的报文包括真正的业务报文及上述模拟得到的测试报文，因而，为了准确区分TWAMP测试报文和业务报文，本实施例中，通过在发射器预先配置流匹配规则，以保证准确从所传输的报文中区分出测试报文，从而防止TWAMP测试报文随业务流量转发，减少测试过程对业务流量的影响。
可选地，在本实施例中，还包括：配置单元，用于在所述通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，配置所述反射器的反射参数；第二生成单元，用于根据所述反射参数生成所述反射器的流匹配规则，其中，所述反射器的流 匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源UDP端口号、目的UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
可选地，在本实施例中，识别单元包括：匹配模块，设置为根据反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的报文进行参数匹配；识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出报文为发射器发送的测试报文。
通过本申请提供的实施例，通过使用仅保留的双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试，将使得标准TWAMP协议轻量化，不仅解除了TWAMP测试对TCP/IP协议的依赖，以减少IP地址对使用TWAMP协议进行链路测试的限制。而且还可以在一些不支持TWAMP控制协议的设备中，也可以通过部署上述TWAMP测试协议完成对网络链路的测试。从而达到拓宽TWAMP测试对网络链路的测试范围，提高测试的通用性和灵活性，进而达到提高TWAMP链路测试的效率。当通过大规模部署TWAMP协议进行链路测试时，还可以避免同时运行TWAMP控制协议和测试协议。以避免当控制协议异常时，测试协议被不间断地中止，更利于对测试会话的有效维护。
实施例5
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种链路测试系统，包括：
1)发射器所在设备，其中，发射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发送测试报文；识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果；
2)反射器所在设备，其中，反射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是测试报文时，响应测试报文生成应答报文；向发射器发送应答报文。
可选地，本实施例中的具体示例可以参考上述实施例及可选实施方式中所描述的示例，本实施例在此不再赘述。
实施例6
本公开的实施例还提供了一种存储介质。可选地，在本实施例中，上述存储介质可以被设置为存储用于执行以下步骤的程序代码：
S1，通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
S2，向反射器发送测试报文；
S3，识别反射器响应测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；
S4，根据应答报文获取对当前链路的测试结果。
可选地，存储介质还被设置为存储用于执行以下步骤的程序代码：
S1，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；
S2，根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则；
可选地，存储介质还被设置为存储用于执行以下步骤的程序代码：
S1，在通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，配置发射器的发射参数，其中，发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；
S2，根据发射参数生成发射器的流匹配规则。
可选地，存储介质还被设置为：
S1，通过用户网络接口接收报文；
S2，根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
S3，在识别出是测试报文时，响应测试报文生成应答报文；
S4，向发射器发送应答报文。
可选地，在本实施例中，上述存储介质可以包括但不限于：U盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
可选地，本实施例中的具体示例可以参考上述实施例及可选实施方式中所描述的示例，本实施例在此不再赘述。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本公开的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本公开不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上所述仅为本公开的可选地实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
在本公开的技术方案中，通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，上述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当 前链路进行测试；向反射器发送上述测试报文；识别上述反射器响应上述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，上述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据上述应答报文获取对上述当前链路的测试结果。解决目前在对网络链路进行IP性能测试时，由于标准TWAMP协议部署难度较大，这将使得链路测试范围受到很大限制，从而将导致在对网络链路进行测试时测试效率较低的问题，达到提高测试效率的结果。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种链路测试方法，包括：
    通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
    向反射器发送所述测试报文；
    识别所述反射器响应所述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，所述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；
    根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路的测试结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，还包括：
    配置所述发射器的发射参数，其中，所述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，其中，所述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据所述发射参数生成所述发射器的流匹配规则；或者，
    配置所述发射器的发射参数，其中，所述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，所述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；根据所述发射参数生成所述发射器的流匹配规则。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述发射参数生成所述发射器的流匹配规则包括：
    根据所述测试报文中的报文信息生成所述发射器的流匹配规则，其中，所述发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的用户数据报协议UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，包括：
    在所述发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为所述三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，所述三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述识别所述反射器响应所述测试报文发送的应答报文包括：
    接收报文；
    根据所述发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的所述报文进行参数匹配；
    在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出所述报文为所述反射器发送的所述应答报文。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路的测试结果包括：
    根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；
    在所述测试时延和/或所述丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路测试得到的测试时延包括：
    获取所述应答报文中携带的以下时间戳：所述发射器发送所述测试报文的第一时间戳、所述反射器接收所述测试报文的第二时间戳、所述反射器发送所述应答报文的第三时间戳；
    获取所述发射器接收所述应答报文的第四时间戳；
    根据所述第一时间戳、所述第二时间戳、所述第三时间戳及所述第四时间戳获取以下至少一种测试时延：所述当前链路的正向时延、所述当前链路的反向时延、所述当前链路的环路时延。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路测试得到的丢包率包括：
    获取所述发射器发送所述测试报文的发包数及接收所述应答报文的收包数；
    根据所述收包数与所述发包数的差值获取所述丢包率。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述发射器向反射器发送所述测试报文之后，还包括：
    若预定周期内未收到所述应答报文，则判定所述当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，所述反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，所述桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
  11. 一种链路测试方法，包括：
    通过用户网络接口接收报文；
    根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别所述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
    在识别出是所述测试报文时，响应所述测试报文生成应答报文；
    向所述发射器发送所述应答报文。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，在所述通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，还包括：
    配置所述反射器的反射参数；
    根据所述反射参数生成所述反射器的流匹配规则，其中，所述反射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源互联网协议IP地址、目的互联网协议IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的UDP用户数据报协议端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别所述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文包括：
    根据所述反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的所述报文进行参数匹配；
    在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出所述报文为所述发射器发送的所述测试报文。
  14. 一种链路测试方法，包括：
    发射器通过所述发射器的用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；并向反射器发送所述测试报文；
    所述反射器通过所述反射器的用户网络接口接收报文；所述反射器根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别所述报文是否 为所述发射器发送的测试报文；在识别出是所述测试报文时，所述反射器响应所述测试报文生成应答报文，并向所述发射器发送所述应答报文；
    所述发射器识别出所述反射器发送的应答报文，其中，所述应答报文与预先配置的所述发射器的流匹配规则匹配；所述发射器根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路的测试结果。
  15. 一种链路测试装置，所述装置位于发射器，所述装置包括：
    模拟单元，用于通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
    第一发送单元，用于向反射器发送所述测试报文；
    识别单元，用于识别所述反射器响应所述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，所述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；
    获取单元，根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路的测试结果。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，还包括：
    第一配置单元，用于在所述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，配置所述发射器的发射参数，其中，所述发射参数中至少包括使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟源IP地址，或者，使用末端设备的互联网协议IP地址作为虚拟目的IP地址，其中，所述末端设备包括以下至少之一：基站控制器、用户边缘路由器；
    生成单元，用于根据所述发射参数生成所述发射器的流匹配规则。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其中，所述生成单元包括：
    生成模块，设置为根据所述测试报文中的报文信息生成所述发射器的流匹配规则，其中，所述发射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少一种：源IP地址、目的IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的用户数据报协议UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，包括：
    第二配置单元，用于在所述通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文之前，在所述发射器所在二层设备配置三层业务虚拟接口，并为所述三层业务虚拟接口配置预定IP地址，其中，所述三层业务虚拟接口用于在离线测试时，触发地址解析协议ARP。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，所述识别单元包括：
    接收模块，设置为接收报文；
    匹配模块，设置为根据所述发射器的流匹配规则对接收到的所述报文进行参数匹配；
    识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出所述报文为所述反射器发送的所述应答报文。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，所述获取单元包括：
    第一获取模块，设置为根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路测试得到的测试时延和/或丢包率；
    第一发送模块，设置为在所述测试时延和/或所述丢包率满足预设阈值条件时，发送第一告警信息。
  21. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其中，还包括：
    第二发送单元，用于在所述发射器向反射器发送所述测试报文之后，在预定周期内未收到所述应答报文时，判定所述当前链路出现连通故障，发送第二告警信息。
  22. 根据权利要求15至21中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述发射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，所述反射器所在设备包括以下至少之一：接入设备、落地设备、桥接设备，其中，所述桥接设备是用于连接二层汇聚网络和三层核心网络的设备。
  23. 一种链路测试装置，所述装置位于反射器，所述装置包括：
    接收单元，用于通过用户网络接口接收报文；
    识别单元，用于根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别所述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；
    第一生成单元，用于在识别出是所述测试报文时，响应所述测试报文生成应答报文；
    发送单元，用于向所述发射器发送所述应答报文。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其中，还包括：
    配置单元，用于在所述通过用户网络接口接收报文之前，配置所述反射器的反射参数；
    第二生成单元，用于根据所述反射参数生成所述反射器的流匹配规则，其中，所述反射器的流匹配规则包括以下至少之一：源互联网协议IP地址、目的互联网协议IP地址、源用户数据报协议UDP端口号、目的用户数据报协议UDP端口号、差分服务代码点DSCP信息。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其中，所述识别单元包括：
    匹配模块，设置为根据所述反射器的流匹配规则对接收到的所述报文进行参数匹配；
    识别模块，设置为在参数匹配成功时，则判定识别出所述报文为所述发射器发送的所述测试报文。
  26. 一种链路测试系统，包括：
    发射器所在设备，其中，所述发射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口模拟输入报文得到测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；向反射器发送所述测试报文；识别所述反射器响应所述测试报文发送的应答报文，其中，所述应答报文与预先配置的发射器的流匹配规则匹配；根据所述应答报文获取对所述当前链路的测试结果；
    所述反射器所在设备，其中，所述反射器用于执行以下操作：通过用户网络接口接收报文；根据预先配置的反射器的流匹配规则识别所述报文是否为发射器发送的测试报文，其中，所述测试报文用于使用双向主动测量协议TWAMP中的测试协议对当前链路进行测试；在识别出是所述测试报文时，响应所述测试报文生成应答报文；向所述发射器发送所述应答报文。
  27. 一种存储介质，所述存储介质包括存储的程序，所述程序运行时执行权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法。
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