WO2017208588A1

WO2017208588A1 - Charging apparatus, charging method, power storage apparatus, electronic device, electric vehicle, and power system

Info

Publication number: WO2017208588A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/011986
Authority: WO
Inventors: 重輔志村
Original assignee: 株式会社村田製作所
Priority date: 2016-06-02
Filing date: 2017-03-24
Publication date: 2017-12-07
Also published as: JP6658880B2; JPWO2017208588A1

Abstract

This charging apparatus executes pre-charging for a battery, and post-charging when the voltage of the battery reaches a standard charging voltage, and is provided with a pulse supply unit that applies a pulse to the battery at or near the time of switching from the pre-charging to the post-charging, the pulse being such that the high-level state is CV charging in the standard charging voltage and the low-level state is the discharging state of supplying a charge larger than the capacity of the electric double-layer of a negative electrode.

Description

Charging device, charging method, power storage device, electronic device, electric vehicle, and power system

The present technology relates to a charging device and a charging method used to charge a power storage device that uses, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.

As a charging method for a secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, CCCV (Constant Current Constant Voltage) is a combination of constant current charging (hereinafter referred to as CC charging) and constant voltage charging (hereinafter referred to as CV charging). ) Charging method is known. In the CCCV charging method, charging is performed at a constant current until the battery voltage reaches a predetermined voltage (hereinafter referred to as a standard charging voltage), and charging is performed at a constant voltage after reaching the predetermined voltage. Charging is completed when the charging current converges to almost zero.

For example, when charging a single battery having a battery capacity of 1000 mAh and a standard charging voltage of 4.2 V by the CCCV charging method, first, constant current charging is performed at 500 mA in a region where the battery voltage is less than 4.2 V ( 0.5C charge). The battery voltage rises due to charging, and when the battery voltage reaches 4.2 V, the charging power source is switched to the constant voltage control operation. The charging current gradually decreases, and charging is completed when the charging current approaches zero.

There are charging methods other than the CCCV charging method as a charging method for a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, but in any case, the last stage is often CV charging at a standard charging voltage. In this specification, regarding the charging method ending with the CV charging, charging until the CV charging starts is referred to as “pre-stage charging”, and the subsequent CV charging is referred to as “rear-stage charging”. For example, in the CCCV charging method, CC charging is pre-stage charging, and CV charging is post-stage charging.

As a charging method for shortening the charging time while preventing deterioration of battery performance due to overcharging, a method using a combination of voltage application exceeding the standard charging voltage and pulse charging has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). . That is, constant current charging is performed until the battery voltage rises to the first voltage V1, and then pulse charging is performed in which the low level state is set to the resting state. Finally, the second voltage lower than the first voltage V1 is performed. A charging method in which constant voltage charging is performed at V2 is described.

In the device disclosed in Patent Document 1, the battery voltage is regulated to a voltage V1 higher than the standard charging voltage V2 and constant current charging is performed, so that the charging time is shortened, and the battery performance is deteriorated by pulse charging that repeats charging and resting. Is to prevent.

Non-Patent Document 1 reports that the multi-step CC charging optimized using integer linear programming has increased the charging time by 21% without applying a voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage. Is described.

Japanese Patent No. 3213401

By using the method described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to shorten the charging time while preventing a decrease in battery performance due to overcharging. However, since a voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage is applied, there is a demerit that the risk of smoke and ignition due to overcharging cannot be completely eliminated.

Speaking of a method for preventing a decrease in battery performance while keeping the voltage below the standard charging voltage, there is an approach to change the current pattern as described in Non-Patent Document 1, but the optimum current pattern in this approach is the battery. Not only depends on the type, but also depends on the ambient temperature and the degree of deterioration. In other words, there is no universal optimum current pattern that can be applied to any state of any battery, and it is effective unless combined with a method for generating the optimum current pattern on the spot. There was a demerit that it could not be expected.

With this technology, focusing on the fact that one of the reasons for increasing the charging time is the slow diffusion of lithium in the thickness direction of the negative electrode, the charging time is shortened by electrically promoting this diffusion. Is. One of the factors hindering diffusion is an adsorption phenomenon of lithium ions on the surface of the active material particles of the negative electrode. This is a phenomenon in which the active material particles of the negative electrode behave like a stationary phase of adsorption chromatography, and lithium ions are preferentially adsorbed on the active material particles on the surface layer (separator side) of the negative electrode. This technology applies a discharge pulse that exceeds the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode at the timing of switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge where the concentration difference in the thickness direction of the negative electrode is maximized, thereby desorbing the adsorbed lithium ions. Thus, the diffusion of lithium ions in the thickness direction is promoted. In the present technology, unlike Patent Document 1, first, the high-level state of the pulse is CV charging at the standard charging voltage, and no voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage is applied. Further, the low level state of the pulse is not a resting state but a discharging state in which a charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode flows, so that lithium ions are reliably desorbed.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the present technology is a charging device that performs first-stage charging for a battery and performs second-stage charging when the voltage of the battery reaches a standard charging voltage,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. It is a charging device provided with the pulse supply part which applies.
In addition, the present technology is a charging method in which the battery is charged in the first stage and the second stage charging is performed when the standard charging voltage of the battery is reached,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. It is the charge method which applies.

Further, the present technology is a power storage device that can be charged by a charging device,
The power storage device performs first-stage charging for the battery, and performs second-stage charging when the battery voltage reaches the standard charging voltage.
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. It is an electrical storage apparatus provided with the pulse supply part which applies.

Furthermore, the present technology is an electronic device that is supplied with electric power from the power storage device described above.
Furthermore, the present technology includes the above-described power storage device, a conversion device that receives power supplied from the power storage device and converts the power into a driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device. It is an electric vehicle having.
Furthermore, the present technology is an electric power system that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device described above.

According to at least one embodiment, the charging time can be shortened. In this charging control method, a voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage is not applied to the battery, and the risk of smoke and ignition due to overcharging is not increased. In addition, the concentration difference in the thickness direction of the negative electrode is maximized because it is the timing of switching from the former stage charging to the latter stage charging in any temperature environment or any battery in a deteriorated state. It is not necessary to use a complicated method to grasp the state of the battery on the spot and generate an optimal current pattern, and it can always be applied in the same way to any state of any battery. it can. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present technology.

It is a block diagram of one embodiment of a charging device according to the present technology. It is a flowchart used for operation | movement description of one embodiment of this technique. It is the graph and waveform diagram for explanation of pulse operation in one embodiment of this art. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating that charging time can be shortened by this technique. It is a wave form diagram for explanation of a pulse which a charger / discharger used for an experiment can generate. It is a table | surface which shows a 1st experimental result. It is a table | surface which shows a 1st experimental result. It is a table | surface which shows a 2nd experimental result. It is a table | surface which shows a 2nd experimental result. It is a graph for demonstrating the effect which can shorten charge time by this technique based on the 1st experiment result. It is a graph for demonstrating the effect which can shorten charge time by this technique based on the 2nd experiment result. It is the schematic which shows the electrical storage system for houses to which this technique was applied. It is a schematic diagram showing roughly an example of composition of a hybrid vehicle which adopts a series hybrid system to which this art is applied.

The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present technology, and various technically preferable limitations are given. However, the scope of the present technology is not limited to these embodiments unless otherwise specified in the following description.
In addition, description of this technique is made according to the following order.
<1. Embodiment>
<2. Application example>
<3. Modification>

<1. Embodiment>
`` Charging device configuration ''
A charging device according to an embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a battery to be charged, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery. The voltage of the battery 1 is detected by the voltage detection unit 2, and the detected battery voltage is supplied to the control unit 3. The current of the battery 1 is detected by the current detection unit 4, and the detection signal of the current detection unit 4 is supplied to the control unit 3 and the current integration unit 5. The current integrating unit 5 integrates the charging / discharging current for the battery 1, and the integrated value is supplied to the control unit 3.

The control unit 3 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and controls the entire operation of the charging device according to a program stored in advance in the ROM. It is. The time information formed by the time measuring unit 6 is supplied to the control unit 3.

A CV charging unit 8 with a current limit and a CC charging unit 9 are connected to a power source 7 formed by rectifying a commercial power source. Furthermore, a CC discharge unit 10 is provided, and a load 11 is connected to the output of the CC discharge unit 10. The output of the current-restricted CV charging unit 8 is supplied to the battery 1 via the selector 12 and the current detection unit 4. The output of the CC charging unit 9 is supplied to the battery 1 via the selector 12 and the current detection unit 4. The discharge output of the battery 1 is connected to the load 11 via the current detection unit 4, the selector 12, and the CC discharge unit 10. The selector 12 is controlled by the control unit 3. Since the selector 12 selects the output of the CV charging unit 8 with current limitation during the high level period of the pulse operation, the battery 1 is CV charged, and the selector 12 selects the input of the CC discharging unit 10 during the low level period. The battery 1 is CC discharged.

"Operation of the charger"
A charging operation performed under the control of the control unit 3 will be described with reference to a flowchart of FIG.
Step ST1: Charging is started.
Step ST2: CC charging for charging the battery 1 with a predetermined charging current is performed by the CC charging unit 9.
Step ST3: It is determined whether or not the battery voltage has reached the upper limit voltage during CC charging. The battery voltage is detected by the voltage detector 2. CC charging is performed until the battery voltage reaches the upper limit voltage. Note that the standard charging voltage of the battery is used as the upper limit voltage here.

Step ST4: Reset the integrated value of the current integrating unit 5.
Step ST5: Current integration is started.
Step ST6: Time measurement is started.
Step ST7: The selector 12 is in a state of selecting the CV charging unit 8 with current limitation, and the high level state (charging) of the pulse operation is performed.
Step ST8: Based on the time information of the time measuring unit 7, it is determined whether or not the time t1 has elapsed since the voltage became high level. Time t1 is the high level time of the pulse. Step ST7 (CV charging with current limitation) is continued until the time t1 elapses.

Step ST9: After the elapse of time t1, the selector 12 selects the CC discharge unit 10, and CC discharge is performed. The pulse operation is in the low level state.
Step ST10: It is determined whether or not the current integrated value by the current integrating unit 5 has become zero. For example, the charging current is integrated in the + direction during charging, and the discharging current is integrated in the-direction during discharging. A current integrated value of zero means that the amount of charge is zero. If it is not determined that the current integrated value has become zero, the process returns to step ST9 (CC discharge), and CC discharge (low level state) continues.

Step ST11: When it is determined that the current integrated value has become zero, it is determined whether time T2 has elapsed since the start of the pulse operation. If the time period T2 has not elapsed, the process returns to step ST7 (CV charging with current limitation). High level state of pulse operation.
Step ST12: When it is determined that the time T2 has elapsed, the current integration operation (pulse operation) is stopped.
Step ST13: The selector 12 is in a state of selecting the CV charging unit 8 with current limitation, and CV charging with current limitation is performed.
Step ST14: It is determined whether or not the current is not more than a specified value.
Step ST15: When the current is determined to be equal to or less than the specified value, the charging is finished. Although the case where the current is equal to or less than the specified value is detected as full charge, full charge may be detected by another method.

The operation of the above-described embodiment will be further described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A shows changes in charging current and charging capacity in the charging operation of the embodiment, and FIG. 3B shows enlarged changes in charging current, charging capacity, and voltage over time in the pulse operation section. CC charging is performed with a charging current of 40 (mA), for example, from the start of charging (step ST2). When the battery voltage reaches the standard charging voltage (about 4.2 V), the CC charging is finished, and the pulsed CV charging (high level state) is performed (step ST7).

When the time t1 has elapsed, the state transits to the low level state of the pulse operation, and CC discharge is performed, for example, at −20 mA (step ST9). When the total accumulated current value of the high-level integrated current and the low-level integrated current is exactly zero, that is, when the net charge capacity for one cycle of the pulse is zero, the low-level Return to the level state (step ST7). Therefore, the state of charge (State パルス of Charge) during the pulse operation period is kept almost constant when viewed macroscopically. When the time T2 has elapsed from the start of the pulse operation, the pulse operation is stopped. Then, CV charging is performed at a standard charging voltage (about 4.2 V) (step ST13). In this case, controlling so as not to exceed the standard charging voltage is not to increase the risk of smoke and ignition due to overcharging, and also prevents side reactions such as gas generation from progressing and deterioration of the battery. Because.

"Reduce charging time"
According to the embodiment of the present technology described above, by performing the pulse operation, the time required for CV charging can be shortened, and the charging time can be shortened as a whole. This point will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 4 schematically shows how lithium ions diffuse in the thickness direction of the negative electrode. During CC charging, which is the first stage charging, the concentration difference in the thickness direction of the negative electrode continues to increase. This is because the active material particles on the surface layer (separator side) of the negative electrode preferentially adsorb lithium ions. The timing at which the CC charging is switched to the CV charging is the timing at which the density difference in the thickness direction is maximized. If the volume density of the negative electrode is small and there are sufficient gaps for the electrolyte to penetrate, the concentration difference in the thickness direction will not be as great as the difference. However, many lithium ion batteries currently on the market are often designed to have a higher energy density, which results in a higher volume density and thus a shorter charge time for lithium ion batteries with such a design. It can be said that the effect of the conversion is great.

The present technology repeats CV charging in a high level state of a pulse and CC discharge in a low level state. According to the present technology, the time (time T1) of this CC discharge and the discharge current are calculated. The value of the multiplied capacity exceeds the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode. By this CC discharge exceeding the electric double layer capacity, lithium ions adsorbed on the surface of the active material particles of the negative electrode are once released into the electrolyte solution that fills the gaps between the particles. Lithium ions released into the electrolytic solution diffuse in the gaps between the particles, and part of them move from the surface layer to the back. By repeatedly applying such a pulse, the difference in lithium ion concentration in the thickness direction of the negative electrode is quickly reduced, and the time for subsequent CV charging is shortened.

Regarding the relationship between the number of pulse generations and the decrease in concentration difference, the diffusion phenomenon of lithium ions by this technology can be considered as a kind of random walk type diffusion. Therefore, the concentration distribution of the lithium ions in the thickness direction decreases and the concentration distribution expands at a square root (√n) with respect to the number of pulses n.

As will be described later, in an experiment using a commercially available coin-type lithium ion battery, it was shown that the total charging time, which is the sum of the time for the former stage charging and the latter stage charging, was increased by 11%. This technology is as simple as inserting a CCCV mixed pulse with a net charge capacity of zero before CV charging, and it is complicated to generate an optimal current pattern by grasping the state of the battery on the spot. Therefore, the present invention can be applied in the same manner to any state of any battery. In addition, a voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage is not applied to the battery, and the risk of smoke emission due to overcharging is not increased.

"Experiment"
An experimental result of the charging device (charging method) that generates the CCCV mixing pulse of the present technology will be described. In the experiment, a coin-type lithium ion battery LIR2032 (40 mAh) was used. In conducting the experiment, we first created a charger / discharger that can be programmed freely with a charge / discharge algorithm. This charger / discharger is capable of four-quadrant operation in the range of voltage -2.5 to 4.9 V and current -51 to 51 m, and is equipped with two AD converters, allowing simultaneous measurement of voltage and current at 50 ms intervals. Device. The experiment was performed in a constant temperature environment. The charger / discharger can generate not only normal CC charging / discharging and CV charging / discharging, but also pulses of four types of modes as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D. Each mode will be described below.

FIG. 5A shows the pulse mode 0. The pulse mode 0 is a mode for outputting CC pulses (currents I1 and I2). The high level period is t1, and the low level period is t2. As shown in Table 1 below, mode A to mode E are defined according to the condition for transition from high level to low level and the condition for transition from low level to high level.

FIG. 5B shows pulse mode 1. The pulse mode 1 is a mode (CCCV mixed pulse) in which the current I1 is output during the high level period t1 and the voltage V2 is output during the low level period t2. As shown in Table 2 below, modes F to J are defined according to the conditions for transition from high level to low level and the conditions for transition from low level to high level.

FIG. 5C shows pulse mode 2. The pulse mode 2 is a mode (CCCV mixed pulse) in which the voltage V1 is output in the high level period t1 and the current I2 is output in the low level period t2. As shown in Table 3 below, mode K to mode O are defined according to the condition for transition from high level to low level and the condition for transition from low level to high level.

FIG. 5D shows pulse mode 3. The pulse mode 3 is a mode (CCCV mixed pulse) in which the voltage V1 is output in the high level period t1 and the voltage V2 is output in the low level period t2. As shown in Table 4 below, mode P to mode T are defined according to the condition for transition from high level to low level and the condition for transition from low level to high level.

The multi-function charger / discharger used in the experiment can generate any of the pulses in modes 0 to 3 described above. Moreover, the measurement program for examining CCCV mixing pulse was created using this multifunctional charger / discharger.

In the charge / discharge experiment, a charge / discharge cycle test was performed under the following conditions. As an example, pulse application uses the transition mode N of pulse mode 2 (CVCC mixed pulse) shown in FIG. 5C, the average current Iave for one pulse period is set to 0, and the net charge capacity during pulse application is It was set to zero. That is, it is a pulse that is neither charged nor discharged macroscopically.

The pulse application conditions (variables T1, I, and T2 in FIG. 5C) were set to the following three levels, respectively, so that all combinations were tested (a total of 27 conditions). In order to eliminate the interaction between the effect of applying the pulse and the capacity deterioration phenomenon associated with the cycle, the trial order (27 conditions) was tried at random. In addition, a normal CCCV charging cycle is inserted between two cycles of applying a pulse so that the effects of applying the pulse can be easily compared.

Time of CV charging at 4.2V T1 = (5, 10, 15) s
CC discharge current I = (− 5, −10, −15) mA
Pulse application holding time T2 = (1,2,4) min

The flow of the charge / discharge cycle test is “discard discharge” → “pulse charge / discharge” → “normal charge / discharge”. Each flow is as follows.
"Flow of discarded discharge"
1. CC discharge (-20mA, 3.0V cut)
2. Rest (20 min)
→ To pulse charge / discharge

"Flow of pulse charge / discharge"
3. CC charging (40mA, 4.2V cut)
4). Pulse application (mixed pulse of 4.2V x T1s CV charge and 1mA CC discharge, hold pulse application for T2min)
5). CV charging (4.2V, 1mA cut)
6). Rest (20 min)
7). CC discharge (-20mA, 3.0V cut)
8). Rest (20 min)
→ Normal charge / discharge

"Normal charge / discharge flow"
9. CC charging (40mA, 4.2V cut)
10. CV charging (4.2V, 1mA cut)
11. Rest (20 min)
12 CC discharge (-20mA, 3.0V cut)
13. Rest (20 min)
→ To pulse charge / discharge

Each of the above pulse application conditions (variables T1, I, and T2 in FIG. 5C) is set to 3 levels, all combinations (total of 27 conditions) are set to level 1 to level 27, and all level tests are randomly performed. 6, 7, 8, and 9 show the measurement results when the measurement is performed. FIGS. 6 and 7 show the results of a series of trials, which are divided into two due to the drawing space. Similarly, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show the results of a series of trials, but they are divided into two due to the drawing space. 6 and 7, “discarding discharge” is performed in the

first cycle

0, and 26 normal charging / discharging and 27 pulse charging / discharging are performed from the next cycle 1 to the last cycle 53 (FIG. 8). The same applies to FIG. 9). 6 and 7, the experiment is performed in the order of level 5 → level 20 → level 10 →..., And in the experiment results of FIGS. 8 and 9, level 7 → level 10 → level 20 →.・ Experiment will be done in the order.

In the “pulse charge / discharge” cycle, the above-described (CC charge → pulse application → CV charge → pause → CC discharge → pause) is performed in this order. In the “normal charge / discharge” cycle, (CC charge → CV charge → pause → CC discharge → pause) is sequentially performed. In these two charging / discharging operations, the length of the charging time is approximately equal to the length of the first CC charging period, so the length of the “pulse charging / discharging” period (pulse application + CV charging) and “normal charging / discharging” "(CV charging) period".

In the results of the charge / discharge test described above, the CC charge time and CC discharge time gradually decreased as the cycle progressed. This is an influence of the capacity deterioration of the coin-type battery accompanying the charge / discharge cycle. Next, with regard to comparison between pulse charge / discharge and normal charge / discharge, there is always a normal charge / discharge cycle immediately before or immediately after the cycle in which pulse charge / discharge is performed. In all cases except for the first pulse charge / discharge (cycle No1), the charge time of the pulse charge / discharge cycle was shorter than the charge time of the normal charge / discharge cycle immediately before or immediately after. . However, in the charge / discharge cycle of cycle No1, the CV charge time was longer than that of the normal charge / discharge of the next cycle No2. This is considered to be due to the subsequent chemical reaction such as SEI formation, which is characteristic of the initial charge, not the effect of applying the pulse.

10 shows the degree of shortening of the charging time for the experimental results of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 after the cycle No2 excluding the result of the cycle No1. Further, FIG. 11 shows the degree of shortening of the charging time for the experimental results of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 after the cycle No2 excluding the result of the cycle No1. There are a total of 27 conditions for changing the three variables T1, I, and T2 in the pulse charge / discharge conditions. FIGS. 10 and 11 show these systematically reorganized figures. The degree of speeding up of the total charging time indicates that the higher the value, the higher the speed.

10 and 11, T1 and I have a random behavior, and the trend cannot be observed. On the other hand, with respect to the holding time T2 of the pulse application, the effect at 1 min was the highest, and thereafter a tendency of decreasing in order of 2 min and 4 min was observed.

The present technology described above can shorten the CV charging time. An experiment using a coin-type lithium ion battery showed that the total charging time, which is the sum of the time for the former stage charging and the latter stage charging, was increased by 11%. The control according to the present technology is as simple as inserting a CCCV mixed pulse with a net charge capacity of zero before CV charging, and generating an optimal current pattern by grasping the state of the battery on the spot. It is not necessary to use a complicated method, and it can always be applied in the same manner to any state of any battery. In addition, a voltage exceeding the standard charging voltage is not applied to the battery, and the risk of smoke emission due to overcharging is not increased.

<2. Application example>
The power storage device that employs the charging device or the charging method according to the embodiment of the present technology described above can be used for mounting or supplying power to a device such as an electronic device, an electric vehicle, or a power storage device.

Examples of electronic devices include notebook computers, smartphones, tablet terminals, PDAs (personal digital assistants), mobile phones, wearable terminals, cordless phones, video movies, digital still cameras, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, music players, radios, Headphones, game consoles, navigation systems, memory cards, pacemakers, hearing aids, electric tools, electric shavers, refrigerators, air conditioners, TVs, stereos, water heaters, microwave ovens, dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, lighting equipment, toys, medical Examples include equipment, robots, road conditioners, and traffic lights.

Also, examples of the electric vehicle include a railway vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle), and the like, and these are used as a driving power source or an auxiliary power source.

Examples of power storage devices include power storage power sources for buildings such as houses or power generation facilities.

Hereinafter, among the application examples described above, a specific example of a power storage system using the above-described power storage device of the present technology will be described.

This power storage system has the following configuration, for example. The first power storage system is a power storage system in which a power storage device is charged by a power generation device that generates power from renewable energy. The second power storage system is a power storage system that includes a power storage device and supplies power to an electronic device connected to the power storage device. The third power storage system is an electronic device that receives power supply from the power storage device. These power storage systems are implemented as a system for efficiently supplying power in cooperation with an external power supply network.

Furthermore, the fourth power storage system includes an electric vehicle having a conversion device that receives power supplied from the power storage device and converts the power into a driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device. It is. The fifth power storage system is a power system that includes a power information transmission / reception unit that transmits / receives signals to / from other devices via a network, and performs charge / discharge control of the power storage device described above based on information received by the transmission / reception unit. . The sixth power storage system is a power system that receives power from the power storage device described above or supplies power from the power generation device or the power network to the power storage device.

"Power storage system in houses"
An example in which a power storage device using a battery of the present technology is applied to a residential power storage system will be described with reference to FIG. For example, in the power storage system 100 for the house 101, electric power is stored from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydroelectric power generation 102c through the power network 109, the information network 112, the smart meter 107, the power hub 108, and the like. Supplied to the device 103. At the same time, power is supplied to the power storage device 103 from an independent power source such as the power generation device 104 in the home. The electric power supplied to the power storage device 103 is stored. Electric power used in the house 101 is fed using the power storage device 103. The same power storage system can be used not only for the house 101 but also for buildings.

The house 101 is provided with a power generation device 104, a power consumption device 105, a power storage device 103, a control device 110 that controls each device, a smart meter 107, and a sensor 111 that acquires various types of information. Each device is connected by a power network 109 and an information network 112. A solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used as the power generation device 104, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 105 and / or the power storage device 103. The power consuming device 105 includes a refrigerator 105a, an air conditioner 105b that is an air conditioner, a television 105c that is a television receiver, a bath (bath) 105d, and the like. Furthermore, the electric power consumption device 105 includes an electric vehicle 106. The electric vehicle 106 is an electric vehicle 106a, a hybrid car 106b, and an electric motorcycle 106c.

The battery of the present technology is applied to the power storage device 103. The battery of the present technology may be configured by, for example, the above-described lithium ion secondary battery. The smart meter 107 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company. The power network 109 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.

The various sensors 111 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by various sensors 111 is transmitted to the control device 110. Based on the information from the sensor 111, the weather state, the state of a person, and the like can be grasped, and the power consumption device 105 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 110 can transmit information regarding the house 101 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.

The power hub 108 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion. As a communication method of the one information network 112 connected to the control device 110, a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark). There is a method of using a sensor network based on a wireless communication standard such as Wi-Fi. The Bluetooth (registered trademark) system is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication. ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics) (802.15.4). IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.

The control device 110 is connected to an external server 113. The server 113 may be managed by any one of the house 101, the power company, and the service provider. The information transmitted and received by the server 113 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, such as a television receiver, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).

The control device 110 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 103 in this example. The control device 110 is connected to the power storage device 103, the home power generation device 104, the power consumption device 105, the various sensors 111, the server 113, and the information network 112, and adjusts, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation It has a function to do. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.

As described above, the power is generated not only from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydropower generation 102c but also from the power generation device 104 (solar power generation, wind power generation) in the home. Can be stored. Therefore, even if the generated power of the power generation device 104 in the home fluctuates, it is possible to perform control such that the amount of power transmitted to the outside is constant or the discharge is performed as necessary. For example, the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 103, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 103 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 103 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.

In this example, the example in which the control device 110 is stored in the power storage device 103 has been described. However, the control device 110 may be stored in the smart meter 107 or may be configured independently. Furthermore, the power storage system 100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.

"Power storage system in vehicles"
An example in which the present technology is applied to a power storage system for a vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied. A series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on an electric power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power that is temporarily stored in a battery.

The hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201, a generator 202, a power driving force conversion device 203, driving wheels 204a, driving wheels 204b, wheels 205a, wheels 205b, a battery 208, a vehicle control device 209, various sensors 210, and a charging port 211. Is installed. The present technology described above is applied to the battery 208.

Hybrid vehicle 200 travels using electric power / driving force conversion device 203 as a power source. An example of the power driving force conversion device 203 is a motor. The electric power / driving force converter 203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 203 is transmitted to the

drive wheels

204a and 204b. It should be noted that by using DC-AC (DC-AC) or reverse conversion (AC-DC conversion) at a required place, the power driving force converter 203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor. The various sensors 210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 209 and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown). The various sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.

Rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202, and electric power generated by the generator 202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 208.

When the hybrid vehicle 200 is decelerated by a braking mechanism (not shown), the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the electric power driving force conversion device 203, and the regenerative electric power generated by the electric power driving force conversion device 203 by this rotational force is the battery 208. Accumulated in.

The battery 208 is connected to a power source outside the hybrid vehicle 200, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.

Although not shown, an information processing device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided. As such an information processing apparatus, for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a remaining battery level based on information on the remaining battery level.

In the above description, the series hybrid vehicle that runs on the motor using the electric power generated by the generator driven by the engine or the electric power stored once in the battery has been described as an example. However, the present technology is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle in which the engine and motor outputs are both driving sources, and the system is switched between the three modes of driving with only the engine, driving with the motor, and engine and motor. Applicable. Furthermore, the present technology can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.

<3. Modification>
Although one embodiment of the present technology has been specifically described above, the present technology is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present technology are possible. . For example, the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like given in the above-described embodiments are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like are used as necessary. Also good.

In addition, this technique can also take the following structures.
(1)
A charging device that performs first-stage charging for a battery and performs second-stage charging when the voltage of the battery reaches a standard charging voltage,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. Charger provided with the pulse supply part which applies.
(2)
When the period of the high level state becomes a predetermined period, the transition to the period of the low level state,
The charging device according to (1), wherein when the total integrated value of the charging current and the discharging current becomes substantially zero, the transition from the low level state period to the high level state period is performed.
(3)
The charging device according to (1), wherein when the plurality of pulse supply periods by the pulse supply unit reach a predetermined period, the charging operation is switched.
(4)
It is a charging method that performs first-stage charging for a battery and performs second-stage charging when the standard charging voltage of the battery is reached,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. Charging method to apply.
(5)
A power storage device that can be charged by a charging device,
The charging device performs the first stage charging, performs the second stage charging when the battery voltage reaches the standard charging voltage,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. A power storage device including a pulse supply unit for applying a voltage.
(6)
Electronic equipment that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device according to (5).
(7)
The power storage device according to (5),
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device.
(8)
An electric power system that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device according to (5).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 2 ... Voltage detection part 3 ... Control part 4 ... Current detection part 5 ... Current integration part 6 ... Time measurement part 8 ... CV charging part 9 with a current limitation 9 ... CC charging part 10 ... CC discharging part

Claims

A charging device that performs first-stage charging for a battery and performs second-stage charging when the voltage of the battery reaches a standard charging voltage,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. Charger provided with the pulse supply part which applies.
When the period of the high level state becomes a predetermined period, the transition to the period of the low level state,
2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein when the total integrated value of the charging current and the discharging current becomes substantially zero, the charging device transitions from the low level state period to the high level state period.
The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the charging operation is switched to a charging operation when a plurality of pulse supply periods by the pulse supply unit reach a predetermined period.
It is a charging method that performs first-stage charging for a battery and performs second-stage charging when the standard charging voltage of the battery is reached,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. Charging method to apply.
A power storage device that can be charged by a charging device,
The charging device performs the first stage charging, performs the second stage charging when the battery voltage reaches the standard charging voltage,
A pulse in which the high-level state is CV charge at the standard charge voltage and the low-level state is a discharge state in which charge exceeding the electric double layer capacity of the negative electrode is passed to the battery at or near the timing when switching from the former stage charge to the latter stage charge. A power storage device including a pulse supply unit for applying a voltage.
An electronic device that receives power supply from the power storage device according to claim 5.
The power storage device according to claim 5;
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device.
An electric power system that receives supply of electric power from the power storage device according to claim 5.