WO2017206023A1 - 一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法 - Google Patents
一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/06—Measuring blood flow
- A61B8/065—Measuring blood flow to determine blood output from the heart
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Clinical applications
- A61B8/0883—Clinical applications for diagnosis of the heart
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/486—Diagnostic techniques involving arbitrary m-mode
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/488—Diagnostic techniques involving Doppler signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
- G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of medical technology, and in particular, to a cardiac volume recognition analysis system and method.
- Ejection Fraction refers to the percentage of stroke volume in the end-diastolic volume and is one of the important clinical indicators for evaluating left ventricular function.
- the size of the ejection fraction is related to the contractility of the myocardium. The stronger the myocardial contractility, the greater the stroke volume and the greater the ejection fraction. Under normal circumstances, the left ventricular ejection fraction is >50%. Measuring left ventricular ejection fraction can be accomplished by a variety of means, most of which employ methods based on medical imaging devices. First, the heart image is collected by a medical imaging device such as a CT (Computed Tomography) device, an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) device, and an ultrasound device.
- CT Computer Tomography
- MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- each is obtained.
- the left ventricular endocardium is segmented and identified on the frame image, and then the ventricular volume is calculated according to the shape of the endocardium.
- the ventricular volume curve is constructed, and then according to the ventricular volume.
- the maximum fraction of the curve, the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and the minimum, the end-systolic volume (ESV) is used to calculate the ejection fraction.
- EDV end-diastolic volume
- ESV end-systolic volume
- echocardiography is a non-invasive and safe diagnostic method that does not require the injection of contrast agents, isotopes or other dyes, and the patient and the doctor are not exposed to radioactive materials.
- each heart chamber Performed at the bedside, each heart chamber can be examined by multi-planar, multi-directional ultrasound imaging to fully evaluate the anatomy and function of the entire heart.
- the currently used echocardiographic modes for left ventricular ejection fraction measurement include M-Mode mode and B-Mode mode.
- the left ventricular ejection fraction measurement method based on the M-Mode mode is performed by imaging a line of data on the long axis section of the left ventricle, and then obtaining the EDV and ESV of the ventricular volume by calibrating the maximum inner diameter and the minimum inner diameter of the left ventricle, thereby calculating the shot. Blood score.
- the left ventricular ejection fraction measurement method based on B-Mode mode obtains the left ventricle two-dimensional image under different sections by imaging the left ventricle, and then recognizes the left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic frames according to the image, and then manually corrects the heart. The position of the endometrium was calibrated, EDV and ESV were calculated, and the calculation of the ejection fraction was finally completed.
- the left ventricular ejection fraction measurement method based on M-Mode has a large dependence on the position of the scan line. It is difficult to collect the standard left ventricular long-axis image for the difference of the heart of different individuals, and it is difficult to obtain the standard measurement left.
- the B-Mode mode is a clinically recommended method for measuring ventricular ejection fraction.
- B-Mode mode automatic measurement of ventricular ejection fraction can be achieved at present.
- the related technology locates the cardiac cycle through ECG signals, identifies different cardiac phases through ECG signals, and then uses image segmentation. Techniques are used to calculate parameters such as ventricular end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume measurement, and ventricular ejection fraction. Since the current automatic measurement technology of ventricular ejection fraction requires ECG signals, each time the technology is used, it is necessary to connect the ECG signal line and the ECG signal module, which increases the workload of the user and reduces the workload. The user's work efficiency.
- the invention provides a heart volume recognition analysis system and method, which can reduce the workload of the user and improve the work efficiency.
- a cardiac volume recognition analysis method which includes:
- the ventricular volume curve is output, and/or clinical parameters characterizing cardiac function are calculated and output based on the ventricular volume curve.
- a cardiac volume recognition analysis system comprising:
- An ultrasound image acquisition module configured to acquire a multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired over a predetermined time period
- a facet type identification module for identifying a facet type of the heart in the multi-frame ultrasound image data
- a cardiac cycle recognition module for identifying a cardiac cycle
- a contour acquisition module for identifying the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium in each frame of the ultrasound image during a cardiac cycle
- a ventricular volume curve generating module for counting the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium Calculating the ventricular volume quantitative parameter at the time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image, and obtaining a ventricular volume curve;
- a clinical parameter output module for outputting a ventricular volume curve and/or calculating and outputting clinical parameters indicative of cardiac function from the ventricular volume curve.
- a cardiac volume recognition analysis system comprising:
- a transmitting circuit for transmitting an ultrasonic beam to the target object
- a receiving circuit and a beam combining module for obtaining an ultrasonic echo signal
- An image processing module configured to obtain, according to the ultrasonic echo signal, a multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired over a predetermined time period, identify a type of the heart surface in the ultrasound image, identify a cardiac cycle, and identify each frame of the ultrasound image in a cardiac cycle The position and shape of the left ventricle endocardium, and calculate the ventricular volume quantitative parameter at the time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image to obtain a ventricular volume curve;
- a display for displaying the above ultrasound image and ventricular volume curve, marking the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium, and displaying the type of the above-mentioned section.
- the present invention provides a heart volume recognition analysis system and method.
- the invention utilizes the characteristics of cardiac motion and image processing technology to replace the prior art recognition of the automatic cardiac cycle based on the electrocardiographic signal and the determination of the cardiac motion phase. In the actual use process, there is no need to connect the ECG signal wires and modules, which simplifies the user's workload and improves work efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic imaging apparatus provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for analyzing cardiac volume according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed flow chart of step S12 of Figure 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of identifying a cardiac cycle in an embodiment of step S14 of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of obtaining an endocardial contour based on edge extraction of feature points in an embodiment of step S16 of FIG. 2; FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a machine learning network obtaining an endocardial contour in another embodiment of step S16 in the figure;
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a ventricular volume curve obtained in an embodiment of step S18 of Figure 2;
- Figure 8 is a schematic flow chart of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a cardiac volume recognition and analysis system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a face type identification module of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the face type identification module of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the central dynamic period identification module of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the central dynamic period identification module of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the contour obtaining module of FIG. 9.
- facets Due to the noise, artifacts, and structural complexity of some anatomical tissues, there are different types of facets for the corresponding facet images.
- facets for heart ultrasound images, there are usually different types of facets, such as:
- face types such as apical two-chamber heart, apical four-chamber heart, and the position and shape of the endocardium of the left ventricle are different in different types of heart-face types. Therefore, for cardiac ultrasound image data with multiple types of facets, if the fixed shape model is used for image segmentation operation when automatically identifying the endocardial region, image extraction errors must exist, and it is difficult to distinguish multiple heart slices in automatic recognition. The difference in position and shape of the intimal endocardium makes the segmentation and recognition of the endocardium inaccurate, resulting in errors in the measurement results.
- the related technology locates the cardiac cycle through the ECG signal, recognizes different cardiac phases through ECG signals, and then uses image segmentation technology to achieve ventricular end-systolic volume. Measurement of end-diastolic volume and calculation of ventricular ejection fraction.
- the measurement of ventricular end-systolic volume and end-diastolic volume can be performed by segmenting and identifying the endocardium on the ultrasound images of ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic, and then calculating the ventricular volume using a ventricular volume calculation formula such as the Simpson method.
- FIG. 1 provides a schematic structural diagram of a system of an ultrasound image acquisition device. This article to get the heart The structure of the system is described in detail by ultrasound.
- the apparatus for performing ultrasound imaging on a target area includes: a probe 1, a transmitting circuit 2, a transmitting/receiving selection switch 3, a receiving circuit 4, a beam combining module 5, a signal processing module 6, and an image. Processing module 7 and display 8.
- the transmitting circuit 2 transmits the delayed-focused ultrasonic pulse having a certain amplitude and polarity to the probe 1 through the transmitting/receiving selection switch 3.
- the probe 1 is excited by the ultrasonic pulse to transmit ultrasonic waves to a target area (not shown in the figure, such as cardiac tissue) of the body to be tested, and receive ultrasonic echoes with tissue information reflected from the target area after a certain delay. And re-convert this ultrasonic echo into an electrical signal.
- the receiving circuit receives the electrical signals generated by the conversion of the probe 1 to obtain ultrasonic echo signals, and sends the ultrasonic echo signals to the beam combining module 5.
- the beamforming module 5 performs processing such as focus delay, weighting, and channel summation on the ultrasonic echo signals, and then sends the ultrasonic echo signals to the signal processing module 6 for related signal processing.
- the ultrasonic echo signals processed by the signal processing module 6 are sent to the image processing module 7.
- the image processing module 7 performs different processing on the signals according to different imaging modes required by the user, obtains image data of different modes, and then forms ultrasonic images of different modes by logarithmic compression, dynamic range adjustment, digital scan conversion, etc., such as B image, C image, D image, and the like.
- the ultrasound image generated by the image processing module 7 is sent to the display 8 for display.
- an ultrasound image of systolic end-systolic and end-diastolic phases can be simultaneously displayed on the display interface, and the endocardial contour can be outlined on the ultrasound image.
- the ultrasound images of the systolic end-systolic and end-diastolic phases for simultaneous display may be standard ultrasound section images (eg, apical two-chamber heart, apical four-chamber heart, etc.), or ultrasound section images corresponding to any section selected by the user.
- system shown in FIG. 1 further includes an operation control module 9 through which the device user can input a control command on the display interface, for example, inputting a modified contour mark, annotating mark text, and performing mode switching on the ultrasonic image. Wait for operational instructions.
- an operation control module 9 through which the device user can input a control command on the display interface, for example, inputting a modified contour mark, annotating mark text, and performing mode switching on the ultrasonic image. Wait for operational instructions.
- a method and system for heart volume recognition analysis is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Can reduce the user's workload and improve work efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a cardiac volume identification analysis method according to the present invention. as shown in the figure, the method includes:
- Step S10 Acquire a multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired over a predetermined time period
- the multi-frame ultrasound image may include a continuously acquired multi-frame ultrasound heart image, and may also include progressively from a B-mode ultrasound heart movie, an M-mode super heart.
- it is an ultrasound heart movie of at least 3 seconds in length with an image frame rate of no less than 25 frames per second, so the predetermined time may be greater than 3 seconds.
- the multi-frame ultrasound image in this embodiment may It is ultrasonic image data acquired in real time, and may also be ultrasonic image data obtained by buffering or remote transmission. If it is the ultrasound image data acquired in real time, before step S10, the method further includes:
- an ultrasonic beam is emitted to a heart region of a target object; then, an ultrasonic echo signal is obtained, and a multi-frame ultrasonic image continuously acquired over a predetermined period of time is obtained based on the ultrasonic echo signal.
- the type of the face of the heart in the multi-frame ultrasound image data is identified.
- the type of section includes a standard section of the target object in medical anatomy or ultrasound imaging, for example, a type of section for cardiac tissue including, but not limited to, a four-chamber heart, a two-chamber heart, and the like.
- the above-mentioned aspect type is not limited to the standard cut surface, and may also include a custom cut surface type.
- the custom cut surface type may be an ultrasonic cut surface image obtained by the user selecting an arbitrary direction to cut the target object.
- the ultrasound image herein can be obtained, but not limited to, using only the system shown in Figure 1 above.
- the identified type of the facet can be displayed on the display interface.
- step S14 the cardiac cycle is identified.
- the multi-frame ultrasound image data is analyzed to obtain a cardiac cycle.
- the multi-frame image in the ultrasound cardiac film needs to be analyzed to identify the cardiac cycle; the specific method of identifying the cardiac cycle will be described in detail below.
- An ultrasound movie or an ultrasound movie file herein can be understood as a representation or storage form of a multi-frame ultrasound image that is continuously acquired over a predetermined period of time.
- Step S16 identifying the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium in each frame of the ultrasound image within a cardiac cycle.
- the location includes the identified location coordinates, orientation information, etc. displayed by the endocardium in the ultrasound image, which may include coordinate position information for one or more pixel points.
- the shape includes model parameters for simulating the overall shape of the endocardium, the model parameters including basic parameters and deformation parameters for expressing simulated structures such as circles, ellipses, etc., and deformation parameters including distortion parameters, scaling parameters, manual or automatic adjustment parameters , stretching parameters, and more.
- the shape here can be represented by model parameters, and the identified position can also be used to obtain coordinate position information of a set of discrete or continuous pixels for characterizing the shape of the identified left ventricular endocardium.
- Step S18 calculating a ventricular volume quantitative parameter at a time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image according to the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium, and obtaining a ventricular volume curve.
- Step S19 calculating a clinical parameter characterizing cardiac function according to the ventricular volume curve described above, and outputting; and/or outputting a ventricular volume curve.
- finding the maximum value on the ventricular volume curve is the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in the current cardiac cycle
- finding the minimum value is the end-systolic volume (ESV) of the current cardiac cycle.
- EDV and ESV the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle can be calculated.
- Important clinical parameters that characterize cardiac function such as stroke volume and cardiac output. These clinical parameters can be output to the display for display, which can be displayed in a text display manner. It can also be output by voice prompts.
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed flowchart of step S12 of FIG. 2; in this embodiment, the step S12 includes:
- Step S120 identifying a position of the interventricular space in the ultrasound image
- Step S122 rotating the ultrasound image according to the position of the chamber interval, so that the long axis direction of the left ventricle in the ultrasound image is vertical;
- Step S124 translating the ultrasound image to adjust the position of the left ventricle in the ultrasound image to the center of the image.
- the above steps S120 to S124 can be regarded as a normalization process of the ultrasonic image.
- the ultrasound image in step 120 may include a frame image, and may also include each frame in the partial multi-frame image, and may also include each frame of the above-described multi-frame image.
- step S126 one or more frames of ultrasound image data are mapped to the feature space, and the feature space is constructed by extracting features in the training set image.
- the training set image includes at least a cardiac ultrasound image corresponding to various types of cut surfaces, such as a two-chamber view, a four-chamber view, and the like.
- the feature space can be constructed by extracting the features in the training set image.
- the feature extraction can be performed by principal component analysis, or the HAAR feature of the image can be extracted, or the anatomical structure features of the heart can be extracted to construct the feature space. .
- Step S128 comparing the projection of the ultrasonic image in the feature space with the projection of the training image of the known slice type in the feature space, and determining the type of the slice of the one or more frames of the ultrasound image.
- the projection of the image to be classified in the feature space after the normalization ie, the recognition, rotation, and translation in the above steps S120 to S124
- the nearest neighbor may be adopted.
- the K-nearest neighbor method classifies and identifies the image types to be classified by the classified image.
- the slice type of one frame of the ultrasound image continuously acquired in the predetermined time period can be equated with the above-mentioned continuous acquisition in the predetermined time period.
- a feature of one or more frames of the ultrasound image in the multi-frame ultrasound image is compared with a feature of a training image of a known slice type to obtain the multi-frame ultrasound image.
- the features in this embodiment may include a positional relationship of a segmentation region (such as an anatomical structure) in an image, an image pixel value, an image pixel value distribution, a shape and a size of a distribution region (such as an anatomical structure) in the graphic, and the like.
- Information that can be used in the image to extract image feature recognition can be included in the features in this embodiment.
- the step of identifying the cardiac cycle can be specifically implemented by the following method:
- the above characteristic curve is periodically analyzed to identify the cardiac cycle of the target.
- the feature value of each frame image is a similarity coefficient
- the feature curve is a similarity coefficient curve
- the characteristic curve may be an image similarity curve.
- the similarity curve is generated by selecting a certain frame in the loaded cardiac ultrasound film as a standard frame (501), and calculating a similarity coefficient between each frame image and the standard frame in the loaded cardiac ultrasound movie, and generating Similarity coefficient curve (503).
- the method for calculating the similarity coefficient of each frame image and the standard frame in the loaded cardiac ultrasound movie file may be: first, calculating each pixel point and standard frame on each frame in the cardiac ultrasound movie file.
- the summation value is used as a similarity coefficient for describing the degree of similarity between the two frames of images;
- the image of each frame in the cardiac ultrasound movie file is seen As a matrix, the value of each pixel in the image is taken as the element value of the matrix, and the positive correlation coefficient between the matrices is calculated as a similarity coefficient describing the degree of similarity between the two frames of images.
- the number of pixels of the original image is large, it takes more time to calculate the similarity coefficient, and the original image can be downsampled, the original image is reduced to an appropriate scale, and the calculation is reduced without losing the image information. The time required for the similarity factor.
- the locality region in the image may be selected to calculate the similarity coefficient, and the local region in the selected image may be: a ventricular septal region in the cardiac ultrasound image, a mitral valve region in the cardiac ultrasound image, and the like. Selecting local regions in the image further reduces the time required to calculate the similarity coefficients between images.
- the above The feature values of each frame of image include image measurement values such as tissue anatomical measurements, which are image measurement values of the image measurement values as a function of time.
- the characteristic curve may also include an image measurement curve of the tissue anatomy measurement value as a function of time, including but not limited to: left ventricular long axis length, left ventricular area, left ventricular volume, or right ventricular volume, etc. Structural measurements.
- the image measurement curve is a plot of tissue anatomical measurements over time, such as a curve of left ventricular volume over time, a curve of left ventricular area over time, a curve of left ventricular long axis length over time, or right ventricular volume. Curves that change over time, and so on.
- a preliminary contour of the left ventricle is first generated.
- the preliminary contour can roughly describe the morphological changes of the left ventricle, but may not require pixel level accuracy.
- the method of generating the preliminary contour can be obtained by locating the left ventricle according to the feature points such as the apex and the mitral annulus, or by extracting the boundary of the endocardium through a low-resolution image, thereby obtaining the above-mentioned measured values, such as the left ventricular long axis. Length, left ventricular area, left ventricular volume, etc. Based on the obtained measured value as a function of time, an image measured value curve is obtained as a characteristic curve for obtaining a cardiac cycle.
- the cardiac cycle can be identified based on the characteristic curve. Specifically, the identification of the cardiac cycle can be performed in several ways as follows:
- the method of selecting a standard frame may be randomly selecting a frame image as a standard frame in the loaded ultrasound movie, or randomly selecting one frame image as a standard frame in the loaded multi-frame ultrasound image, or selecting a heart contraction or a certain frame image in the diastolic process as a standard frame;
- the local extremum is searched in the local area near the time when the standard frame is located, and another frame ultrasound image corresponding to the local extremum is determined; the time corresponding to the standard frame is taken as the start and end points of the time, and a cardiac cycle is obtained. Specifically, determining a time period in the ultrasound movie or the multi-frame ultrasound image corresponding to the standard frame and the determined another frame image as a start point and an end point of the time, the heart movie file or the partial multi-frame in the time period The ultrasound image can be determined as a cardiac cycle. As shown in Fig. 4, such an example is shown. Wherein, the local extremum is searched in a local area near the time when the standard frame is located, and the ultrasound image 402 corresponding to the local extremum is determined. The time in the ultrasonic movie corresponding to the standard frame 401 and the determined another frame image 402 is used as the start and end points of time to determine a time period 404, and the cardiac film file in the time period can be determined as a cardiac cycle.
- the method of identifying the cardiac cycle can also be based on the period of the characteristic curve, and then according to the standard The position of the quasi-frame and the length of the period determine a complete cardiac cycle.
- the method of calculating the period of the characteristic curve may be to transform the similarity curve in the time domain to the frequency domain by using the Fourier transform, obtain the spectrum of the characteristic curve, find the peak in the spectrogram, and then calculate the period of the characteristic curve according to the peak value of the spectrum.
- the method of calculating the period of the characteristic curve may also be to calculate an autocorrelation coefficient curve of the characteristic curve, and determine the period according to the position of the peak of the autocorrelation coefficient curve.
- step S16 the step of identifying the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium in each frame of the ultrasound image in a cardiac cycle may include:
- the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each ultrasound image within a cardiac cycle is identified according to the standard endocardial segmentation model described above.
- image segmentation of the left ventricular endocardium of the above key frame based on the above-mentioned aspect type can be performed by using a conventional method for edge extraction based on feature points, that is, edge extraction based on feature points, and key frames are generated.
- the position and shape of the endocardium as shown in FIG. 5, a schematic diagram showing the endocardial contour obtained by edge extraction based on the feature points in one embodiment of step S16; in the case of a heart containing a two-chamber heart or a four-chamber heart-cut surface, etc.
- the initial shape and position 502 of the endocardium is generated based on the detected positions of the two key points 503, 504 of the mitral annulus, and then several are detected near the initial shape of the endocardium.
- the maximum point 505 of the partial image gradient is then the position and shape of the endocardium based on the detected maximum point of the local image gradient and the two key points of the mitral annulus.
- endocardial segmentation and recognition may also employ a machine learning approach that identifies the overall model and identifies the location and shape of the key frame endocardium.
- Implementations may be, but are not limited to, deep learning based left ventricular segmentation algorithms, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) plus linear regression, as shown in FIG.
- CNN uses the convolution kernel to extract the feature layer-by-layer convolution, and finally uses linear regression to estimate the final contour on the extracted features.
- the model parameters of CNN and linear regression have been obtained by training set training.
- endocardial segmentation and recognition may also be a combination of both conventional methods and machine learning.
- the traditional method can be used to extract the key points and locate the left ventricle.
- the endocardial extraction can be accurately performed by machine learning. It is also possible to identify the endocardium based on the overall model and combine the traditional boundary extraction algorithm to further optimize the boundary.
- the steps of identifying the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image in a cardiac cycle may be performed by the following methods. :
- the same segmentation algorithm can be used to segment the ultrasound images other than the key frame in the cardiac cycle by frame-by-frame to obtain the left ventricle of each other frame in the cardiac cycle.
- the position and shape of the membrane can be used to segment the ultrasound images other than the key frame in the cardiac cycle by frame-by-frame to obtain the left ventricle of each other frame in the cardiac cycle. The position and shape of the membrane.
- the endocardial motion tracking process is performed on other ultrasound images except the key frame in the cardiac cycle to obtain the left ventricular heart on each frame of the ultrasound image.
- the location and shape of the intima is performed on other ultrasound images except the key frame in the cardiac cycle to obtain the left ventricular heart on each frame of the ultrasound image.
- the method of motion tracking may be based on block matching.
- the segmented endocardial curve is discretized into a plurality of tracking points, and an image in a neighborhood of a certain size centered on the tracking point on the current image is used as an initial block, and the tracking point is centered on the next frame image.
- the search area is constructed in the neighborhood of the size, and the target block matching the initial block is selected according to the gray similarity in the search area, and then the center of the target block is used as the position of the tracking point on the next frame image, and each track of the current frame is obtained.
- the position and shape of the endocardium on the image of the next frame can be obtained after the position on the next frame image.
- Motion tracking can also be based on optical flow methods or other tracking algorithms.
- the method of generating the endocardium of other frame images in the cardiac cycle after obtaining the endocardium of the key frame may also be a combination of segmentation and motion tracking.
- the endocardium of each frame is combined with the segmentation and tracking double results for intelligent fusion to obtain the optimal boundary.
- the method of fusion may be a linear combination of the results of the two, such as direct averaging of the position; or the intelligent selection of the local area according to the confidence of the results of the two parties, and then the fusion of the results after the selection.
- step S18 according to the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium, the ventricular volume quantitative parameter at the time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image is calculated, and a ventricular volume curve is obtained;
- the inner diameter may include the length of the inner diameter in the long axis direction, which is generally defined as the distance from the apex to the midpoint of the mitral annulus, and may also include the length in the direction of the minor axis, such as the end of the mitral annular chamber from one end to the end of the left ventricular side wall. the distance.
- the left ventricular area can be calculated by the method of accumulating pixels inside the heart chamber. Left ventricular volume It can be calculated by the Simpson method or the area length method.
- the volume parameter can be further divided into the left ventricular total volume (referred to as the left ventricular volume) and the left ventricular local volume (local volume).
- the local volume is the volume value in each segment of the myocardium.
- the segmentation can be performed in 16 segments or 17 sections defined by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Segment model.
- ASE American Society of Echocardiography
- AHA American Heart Association
- step S19 clinical parameters characterizing cardiac function are calculated based on the ventricular volume curve described above, and output.
- the ultrasound image corresponding to the time at which the maximum value and the minimum value on the ventricular volume curve are located can be simultaneously displayed, and the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium are marked.
- the time corresponding to the EDV in the ventricular volume curve is used as the end diastolic time of the current cardiac cycle, and a frame image of the end-diastolic phase in the cardiac ultrasound movie is located, and then the time corresponding to the ESV in the ventricular volume curve is used as the current cardiac motion.
- an image of the end of systole in the cardiac ultrasound film is located, and then the end-diastolic and end-systolic images of the current cardiac cycle and the endocardial position and shape are displayed on the display interface.
- finding the maximum value 702 in the ventricular volume change curve 701 can obtain the corresponding frame of the current cardiac cycle end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic period in the cardiac cycle, and finding the minimum value 703 can obtain the current cardiac cycle end-systolic volume and end-systolic period. Corresponding frame within the cardiac cycle. According to the ventricular volume at the end of diastole and end-systolic, it is possible to calculate the ejection fraction of the left ventricle, stroke volume and cardiac output, and other important clinical indicators that characterize cardiac function.
- step S12 the method further includes: prompting the user to modify the displayed aspect type; and when the user inputs the modified aspect type, updating the aspect type.
- the method further comprises: displaying the calculated calculated ventricular volume curve, and/or clinical parameters indicative of cardiac function.
- the method further includes: switching to the manual input mode after the failure of the cardiac cycle recognition, for acquiring a cardiac cycle manually input by the user.
- step S16 includes:
- the above-described standard endocardial segmentation model is obtained based on the adjustment or input result of the user on the above key frames.
- the method further includes:
- the segmentation result of the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium is determined.
- the jump to the manual input mode is used to prompt the user to input the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on the ultrasound image.
- the method further includes:
- an output report is formed, which includes at least: a time corresponding to the end of diastole, a time corresponding to the end of systole, a position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium marked on the ultrasound image, and a function of characterizing the heart.
- the ultrasound image is first loaded (step S201).
- the system identifies and determines the type of the heart slice in the ultrasound image (step S202), and displays the result on the display interface. If the current slice type is determined to be incorrect, the determination result is modified by the user (Ste S203).
- the system analyzes the multi-frame image in the ultrasound cardiac film to realize the recognition of the cardiac cycle (step S204). If the system automatically recognizes the failure, the cardiac cycle is manually specified by the user (step S205).
- the system After the recognition of the cardiac cycle is completed, the system automatically selects one frame of image, performs automatic segmentation of the endocardium (step S206), and determines the automatic segmentation result. If the system determines that there is an error in the automatically recognized endocardium, the user manually inputs the endocardium on a certain frame image (step S207). After automatically identifying the accurate endocardium or manually entering the endocardium by the user, the system uses the position and cardiac cycle information of the endocardium to identify the position of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the cardiac cycle and Shape (step S208).
- the system calculates the ventricular volume and other quantitative analysis parameters at the time corresponding to each frame of image.
- the ventricular volume curve is obtained based on the ventricular volume at several moments in one cardiac cycle (step S209). Finding the maximum value on the ventricular volume curve is the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in the current cardiac cycle, and finding the minimum value is the end-systolic volume (ESV) of the current cardiac cycle. According to EDV and ESV, it is possible to calculate the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume and cardiac output, and other important clinical parameters that characterize cardiac function.
- EDV end-diastolic volume
- ESV end-systolic volume
- the time corresponding to the EDV in the ventricular volume curve is taken as the current cardiac motion.
- locate a frame of end-diastolic images in the echocardiogram of the heart and then use the time corresponding to the ESV in the ventricular volume curve as the end-systolic time of the current cardiac cycle, and locate an image of the end-systolic phase in the echocardiogram of the heart.
- the end-diastolic and end-systolic images of the current cardiac cycle and the endocardial position and shape are displayed on the display interface (step S210).
- the user needs to judge the current result (step S211), and if the user approves the current result, the user can input the current result into the final report (step S213). If the user does not recognize the current result, the user needs to manually modify the current result (step S212), the modified content includes: the end of diastole or end-systolic period and the location and shape of the endocardium at the end of systole or end-diastolic. After the user modifies the result, the user can input the current result into the final report (step S213).
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a cardiac volume recognition and analysis system according to the present invention.
- the cardiac volume recognition and analysis system 1 includes:
- the ultrasound image acquisition module 10 is configured to acquire a multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired over a predetermined time period
- the facet type identification module 11 identifies the type of the face of the heart in the multi-frame ultrasound image data
- a cardiac cycle identification module 12 for identifying a cardiac cycle
- a contour obtaining module 13 configured to identify a position and a shape of a left ventricular endocardium in each frame of ultrasound images in a cardiac cycle based on the above-described slice type;
- the ventricular volume curve generating module 14 is configured to calculate a ventricular volume quantitative parameter at a time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image according to the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium, and obtain a ventricular volume curve;
- a clinical parameter output module 15 for outputting a ventricular volume curve, and/or calculating and outputting clinical parameters characterizing cardiac function according to the ventricular volume curve;
- the display marking module 16 is configured to display an ultrasound image corresponding to the time at which the maximum and minimum values on the ventricular volume curve are located, and to mark the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a facet type identification module in FIG. 9;
- the above-described aspect type identifying module 11 further includes:
- the facet type display module 110 is configured to display the identified type of the facet.
- the facet type modification prompting module 111 is configured to prompt the user to modify the displayed type of the facet
- the facet type update module 112 is configured to update the facet type when the user inputs the corrected facet type.
- the structure of another embodiment of the facet type identification module in FIG. 11 further includes:
- a position recognition module 113 configured to identify a position of the interventricular space in the ultrasound image
- a rotation processing module 114 configured to rotate the ultrasound image according to the position of the chamber interval, so that the long axis direction of the left ventricle in the ultrasound image is vertical;
- the translation processing module 115 is configured to translate the ultrasound image to adjust the position of the left ventricle in the ultrasound image to the center of the image.
- the feature space mapping module 116 is configured to map one or more frames of ultrasound image data to the feature space, where the feature space is constructed by extracting features in the training set image;
- the comparison determining module 117 is configured to compare the projection of the ultrasound image in the feature space with the projection of the training image of the known slice type in the feature space, and determine the type of the slice of the one or more frames of the ultrasound image.
- the cardiac cycle identification module 12 includes:
- the characteristic curve generating module 120 is configured to extract feature values of each frame image according to the multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired in the predetermined time period to generate a characteristic curve;
- the first identification module 121 is configured to perform periodic analysis on the feature curve to identify a cardiac cycle of the target.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the central dynamic period identification module of FIG. 9;
- the cardiac cycle identification module 12 includes:
- the standard frame selection module 122 is configured to select a frame of the ultrasound image as a standard frame
- the second identification module 123 is configured to search for a local extremum in a local area near the time when the standard frame is located, and determine an ultrasound image corresponding to the local extremum; a time corresponding to the standard frame as a start point and an end point of the time, obtain a Cardiac cycle.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the contour obtaining module of FIG. 9.
- the contour obtaining module 13 includes:
- the key frame contour obtaining module 130 is configured to select a frame image as a key frame, and perform image segmentation on the left ventricular endocardium of the key frame based on the slice type to obtain a standard endocardial segmentation model;
- the other frame contour obtaining module 132 is configured to identify the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image within a cardiac cycle in accordance with the standard endocardial segmentation model described above.
- the key frame contour obtaining module 130 obtains the position and shape of the key frame endocardium by any of the following methods:
- Edge extraction based on feature points to generate the position and shape of the key frame endocardium and/or
- the position and shape of the key frame endocardium are identified based on the overall model.
- the other frame contour obtaining module 132 obtains the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image in any of the following ways:
- the ultrasound images other than the key frame in the cardiac cycle are segmented frame by frame to obtain the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image;
- the endocardial motion is tracked on other ultrasound images except the key frame in the cardiac cycle to obtain the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image. Location and shape.
- FIGS. 1 through 8 are not described in detail.
- a heart volume recognition and analysis system which includes:
- a transmitting circuit for transmitting an ultrasonic beam to the target object
- a receiving circuit and a beam combining module for obtaining an ultrasonic echo signal
- An image processing module configured to obtain, according to the ultrasonic echo signal, a multi-frame ultrasound image continuously acquired over a predetermined time period, identify a type of the heart surface in the ultrasound image, identify a cardiac cycle, and identify each frame of the ultrasound image in a cardiac cycle The position and shape of the left ventricle endocardium, and calculate the ventricular volume quantitative parameter at the time corresponding to each frame of the ultrasound image to obtain a ventricular volume curve;
- a display for displaying the above ultrasound image and ventricular volume curve, marking the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium, and displaying the type of the above-mentioned section.
- the image processing module performs the various steps in FIG. 2, and the details are not repeated here.
- the image processing module mentioned herein may be constructed by one processor or multiple processors.
- the display prompts the user whether the heartbeat period is incorrect.
- the system further includes:
- An operation control module for receiving a user input control command
- the image processing module switches to the manual input mode, and the user can manually input the cardiac cycle by operating the control module.
- the display display the identification result of the type of the facet for confirmation by the user, and the system further includes:
- An operation control module for receiving a user input control command
- the image processing module switches the manual input mode, and modifies and displays the current aspect type according to the control command input by the user via the operation control module.
- the display displays the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium of each frame of the ultrasound image for confirmation by the user, and the system further includes:
- An operation control module for receiving a user input control command
- the image processing module switches the manual input mode, and modifies and displays the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on the ultrasound image according to the control command input by the user via the operation control module.
- the display displays the current display and output results for user confirmation and/or correction.
- the system further includes:
- An operation control module for receiving a user input control command
- the image processing module forms an output report based on the confirmation and/or correction command input by the user via the operation control module, and the correction content includes at least: a time corresponding to the end of diastole, a time corresponding to the end of the systole, and a labeled left ventricular endocardium on the ultrasound image.
- the correction content includes at least: a time corresponding to the end of diastole, a time corresponding to the end of the systole, and a labeled left ventricular endocardium on the ultrasound image.
- the display further displays the calculated ventricular volume curve as described above, and/or clinical parameters indicative of cardiac function.
- the image processing module identifies a cardiac cycle by:
- the characteristic curve is periodically analyzed to identify the cardiac cycle of the target.
- the feature value of each frame of the image includes an anatomical measurement value, the characteristic curve being a curve of the anatomical structure measurement value as a function of time; or
- the feature value of each frame image is a similarity coefficient
- the feature curve is a similarity coefficient curve
- the image processing module identifies a cardiac cycle by:
- the local extremum is searched in the local area near the time of the standard frame, and the ultrasonic image corresponding to the local extremum is determined; the time corresponding to the standard frame is taken as the start and end points of the time, and a cardiac cycle is obtained.
- the image processing module identifies the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium in each frame of ultrasound images within a cardiac cycle by:
- the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of ultrasound images within a cardiac cycle is identified.
- the image processing module identifies the position of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image within a cardiac cycle according to the standard endocardial segmentation model. shape:
- the ultrasound images other than the key frame in the cardiac cycle are segmented frame by frame to obtain the position and shape of the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image;
- the endocardial motion is tracked on other ultrasound images except the key frame in the cardiac cycle to obtain the left ventricular endocardium on each frame of the ultrasound image. Location and shape.
- the image processing module automatically selects a frame image as a key frame by performing image segmentation on the left ventricular endocardium of the key frame based on the slice type, and obtains a standard.
- Endocardial segmentation model :
- Edge extraction based on feature points to generate the position and shape of the key frame endocardium and/or
- the position and shape of the key frame endocardium are identified based on the overall model.
- the image processing module identifies a slice type of the heart in the multi-frame ultrasound image data by:
- the image processing module processes the ultrasound image in the following manner:
- the ultrasound image is translated to adjust the left ventricular position in the ultrasound image to the center of the image.
- the present invention provides a heart volume recognition analysis system and method.
- the invention utilizes the characteristics of cardiac motion and image processing technology to replace the prior art recognition of the automatic cardiac cycle based on the electrocardiographic signal and the determination of the cardiac motion phase. In the actual use process, there is no need to connect the ECG signal wires and modules, which simplifies the user's workload and improves work efficiency.
- the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).
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Abstract
一种心脏容积识别分析方法和系统,所述方法包括:获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像(501,S10);识别所述多帧超声图像数据(501)中心脏的切面类型(S12,S202,S203);识别心动周期(S14,S204,S205);识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状(S16,S206,S207,S208);根据所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线(701,S18,S209);输出心室容积曲线(701),和/或根据所述心室容积曲线(701)计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数(S19,S210,S211,S212,S213)。本方法在实际使用过程中不需要连接心电信号导线和模块的操作,简化了使用者的工作量,提高了工作效率。
Description
本发明涉及医疗技术领域,尤其涉及一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法。
射血分数(EF,Ejection Fraction)是指每搏输出量占舒张末期容积量的百分比,是评价左心室功能的重要临床指标之一。射血分数的大小与心肌的收缩能力有关,心肌收缩能力越强,则每搏输出量越多,射血分数越大,正常情况下左室射血分数为>50%。测量左室射血分数可以通过多种手段,其中大多数采用基于医学成像设备的方法。首先通过医学影像设备例如CT(Computed Tomography,计算机断层摄影)设备、MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,磁共振成像)设备和超声设备对心脏图像进行采集,在获得一个完整心动周期的图像后,在每一帧图像上对左心室心内膜进行分割和识别,然后根据心内膜的形状计算心室容积,在获得一个心动周期上每一帧图像上的心室容积后,构建心室容积曲线,然后根据心室容积曲线的最大值即舒张末期容积(EDV)和最小值即收缩末期容积(ESV)计算射血分数。在上述医学成像设备中,超声心动图检查是一种无创安全的诊断方法,不需要注射造影剂、同位素或其它染料,病人和医生不受放射性物质辐射,方法简便、可多次重复、可在床旁进行,通过多平面、多方位超声成像可对每个心腔检查,完整评价整个心脏的解剖结构和功能。目前常用的左心室射血分数测量的超声心动图模式有M-Mode模式、B-Mode模式。基于M-Mode模式的左心室射血分数测量方法通过对斜切左心室长轴切面上的一线数据进行成像,然后通过标定左心室最大内径和最小内径获得心室容积的EDV和ESV,从而计算射血分数。基于B-Mode模式的左心室射血分数测量方法通过对左心室进行成像获得不同切面下的左心室二维图像,然后根据图像对左心室收缩末期和舒张末期的帧进行识别,然后手动对心内膜的位置进行标定,计算EDV和ESV,最后完成对射血分数的计算。基于M-Mode的左心室射血分数测量方法对扫描线的位置有较大的依赖,对于不同个体的心脏的差异,很难采集到标准的左室长轴图像,很难获得标准的测量左室内径的扫描线位
置,依据径线估算体积的方法也不够准确。因此B-Mode模式是临床推荐的心室射血分数测量方法。在B-Mode模式下,目前已经可以实现对心室射血分数的全自动测量,相关技术通过心电信号对心动周期进行定位,通过心电信号对不同的心脏时相进行识别,然后利用图像分割技术实现对心室收缩末期容积、舒张末期容积的测量和心室射血分数等参数的计算。由于目前心室射血分数的全自动测量技术都需要心电信号,因此在每次使用该技术时,都需要进行连接心电信号线、心电信号模块的操作,增加了用户的工作量,降低了用户的工作效率。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法,可以降低用户的工作量,并提高工作效率。
作为本发明的一方面,提供了一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,包括:
获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像;
识别上述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型;
识别心动周期;
基于上述切面类型,识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;
根据上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;
输出心室容积曲线,和/或根据所述心室容积曲线计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数。
相应地,作为本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,包括:
超声图像获取模块,用于获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像;
切面类型识别模块,识别上述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型;
心动周期识别模块,用于识别心动周期;
轮廓获得模块,用于识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;
心室容积曲线生成模块,用于根据上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计
算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;
临床参数输出模块,用于输出心室容积曲线,和/或根据所述心室容积曲线计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,还提供了一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,包括:
探头;
发射电路,用于向目标物体发射超声波束;
接收电路和波束合成模块,用于获得超声回波信号;
图像处理模块,用于根据超声回波信号获得在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,识别上述超声图像中心脏的切面类型,识别心动周期,以及识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中左心室心内膜的位置和形状,并计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;及
显示器,用于显示上述超声图像及心室容积曲线、标记上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,以及显示上述切面类型。
本发明提出一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法。本发明利用心脏运动的特性和图像处理技术替代了现有技术基于心电信号实现的自动心动周期的识别和心脏运动时相的判定。在实际使用过程中不需要连接心电信号导线和模块的操作,简化了使用者的工作量,提高了工作效率。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的一种超声成像设备的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的一种心脏容积识别分析方法的一个实施例流程示意图;
图3为图2中步骤S12的更详细的流程图;
图4为图2中步骤S14的一个实施例中识别心动周期的示意图;
图5为图2中步骤S16的一个实施例中基于特征点进行边缘提取获得心内膜轮廓的示意图;
图6为图中步骤S16的另一个实施例中机器学习网络获得心内膜轮廓的示意图;
图7为图2中步骤S18的一个实施例中获得的心室容积曲线的示意图;
图8为本发明的其中一个实施例的流程示意图;
图9为本发明提供的一种心脏容积识别分析系统的一个实施例的结构示意图;
图10为图9中切面类型识别模块的一个实施例的结构示意图;
图11为图9中切面类型识别模块的另一个实施例的结构示意图;
图12为图9中心动周期识别模块的一个实施例的结构示意图;
图13为图9中心动周期识别模块的另一个实施例的结构示意图;
图14为图9中轮廓获得模块的一个实施例的结构示意图。
由于超声图像中存在的噪声、伪影,以及某些解剖学组织的结构复杂性,其所对应的切面图像存在不同的切面类型,例如,针对心脏超声图像,通常存在不同的切面类型,如:心尖两腔心、心尖四腔心等各种切面类型,在不同的心脏切面类型中,左心室的心内膜的位置和形状都存在较大的差异。因此对于存在多种切面类型的心脏超声图像数据在进行自动识别心内膜区域时如果采用固定的形状模型进行图像分割运算,必然存在图像提取误差,以及很难在自动识别中兼顾多种心脏切面间心内膜位置和形状的差异,从而对心内膜的分割和识别不准确,导致测量结果出现误差。
目前已经实现对心室射血分数的全自动测量,相关技术通过心电信号对心动周期进行定位,通过心电信号对不同的心脏时相进行识别,然后利用图像分割技术实现对心室收缩末期容积、舒张末期容积的测量和心室射血分数的计算。对心室收缩末期容积、舒张末期容积的测量可以通过在心室收缩末期和舒张末期的超声图像上对心内膜进行分割和识别,然后利用心室容积计算公式,如:Simpson法,来计算心室容积。由此可知,对于B-Mode模式来说,对心内膜的分割和识别的准确性直接决定了心室容积测量的准确性。因此,实现准确的对心内膜的分割和识别对提升系统测量的准确性至关重要。
图1提供了一种超声图像采集设备的系统结构示意图。本文以获取心脏
超声为例对系统结构进行详细说明。如图1所示,本发明实施例的对目标区域进行超声成像的装置包括:探头1、发射电路2、发射/接收选择开关3、接收电路4、波束合成模块5、信号处理模块6、图像处理模块7和显示器8。发射电路2将经过延迟聚焦的具有一定幅度和极性的超声脉冲通过发射/接收选择开关3发送到探头1。探头1受超声脉冲的激励,向受测机体组织的目标区域(图中未示出,例如心脏组织)发射超声波,经一定延时后接收从目标区域反射回来的带有组织信息的超声回波,并将此超声回波重新转换为电信号。接收电路接收探头1转换生成的电信号,获得超声回波信号,并将这些超声回波信号送入波束合成模块5。波束合成模块5对超声回波信号进行聚焦延时、加权和通道求和等处理,然后将超声回波信号送入信号处理模块6进行相关的信号处理。经过信号处理模块6处理的超声回波信号送入图像处理模块7。图像处理模块7根据用户所需成像模式的不同,对信号进行不同的处理,获得不同模式的图像数据,然后经对数压缩、动态范围调整、数字扫描变换等处理形成不同模式的超声图像,如B图像,C图像,D图像等等。图像处理模块7生成的超声图像送入显示器8进行显示,例如,在显示界面上可以同步显示心室收缩末期和舒张末期的超声图像,并且在超声图像上可以勾勒心内膜轮廓。对于同步显示的心室收缩末期和舒张末期的超声图像可以是标准的超声切面图像(如心尖两腔心、心尖四腔心等),或者是用户选择的任意切面所对应的超声切面图像。
此外,图1所示的系统中还包括操作控制模块9,设备使用者通过操作控制模块9可在显示界面上输入控制命令,例如在超声图像上输入修正轮廓标记、批注标记文本、进行模式切换等操作指令。
基于上述系统结构,在本发明的实施例中提供了一种心脏容积识别分析方法及系统。可以降低用户的工作量,并提高工作效率。
图2为本发明提供的一种心脏容积识别分析方法的一个实施例的流程示意图;如图所示,该方法包括:
步骤S10,获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,该多帧超声图像可以包括连续采集的多帧超声心脏图像,还可以进步地的包括来自B模式超声心脏电影、M模式超心脏电影等等之一或者两者的组合。例如在本发明的其中一个实施中,其是长度至少3秒的超声心脏电影,其图像帧率不低于25帧/秒,因此预定时间可以大于3秒。本实施例中的多帧超声图像可以
是实时获取的超声图像数据,也可以是缓存或远程传输获得的超声图像数据。如果是实时获取的超声图像数据,则在步骤S10之前还包括:
首先,向目标物体的心脏区域发射超声波束;然后,获得超声回波信号,根据所述超声回波信号获得在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像。
步骤S12,识别上述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型。在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述切面类型包括医学解剖学或超声成像上对目标物体的标准切面,例如,针对心脏组织包括但不限于:四腔心、两腔心等切面类型。当然,上述切面类型也不限于标准切面,还可以包括自定义切面类型,例如,自定义切面类型可以是用户选择任意方向对目标物体进行剖切后获得的超声切面图像。这里的超声图像可以但不限于只采用上述图1所示的系统获得。在该步骤中,可以在显示界面显示识别出的上述切面类型。
步骤S14,识别心动周期。在本发明的其中一个实施例中,对上述多帧超声图像数据进行分析获得心动周期。在完成对心脏切面类型的判定后,需要对超声心脏电影中的多帧图像进行分析,识别出心动周期;该识别心动周期的具体的方法将在下文中进行详述。这里的超声电影或超声电影文件可以理解为在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像中的一种表现形式或存储形式。
步骤S16,识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。位置包括识别出的心内膜在超声图像中显示的位置坐标、方位信息等等,其可以包括一个或多个像素点的坐标位置信息。形状包括用于模拟心内膜整体外形的模型参数,该模型参数包括用于表达诸如圆形、椭圆等模拟结构的基本参数和变形参数,变形参数包括扭曲参数、缩放参数、人工或自动调节参数、拉伸参数等等。当然,这里的形状除了用模型参数来表示,还可以采用识别出的位置来获得一组离散或连续的像素点的坐标位置信息用于表征识别出的左心室心内膜的形状。
步骤S18,根据上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线。
步骤S19,根据上述心室容积曲线计算表征心脏功能的临床参数,并输出;和/或输出心室容积曲线。其中,在心室容积曲线上查找最大值即为当前心动周期内的舒张末期容积(EDV),查找最小值即为当前心动周期的收缩末期容积(ESV)。根据EDV和ESV,即可以计算左心室的射血分数(EF),
每搏输出量和心脏输出量等表征心脏功能的重要临床参数。这些临床参数可以被输出至显示器上进行显示,显示的方式可以是采用文本显示的方式。者还可以采用语音提示的方式输出。
下述将对图2中的每一步骤进行更详细的说明。
图3为图2中步骤S12的更详细的流程图;在该实施例中,该步骤S12包括:
步骤S120,识别超声图像中室间隔的位置;
步骤S122,根据上述室间隔的位置对超声图像进行旋转,使超声图像中的左心室长轴方向为竖直;
步骤S124,平移上述超声图像,将上述超声图像中的上述左心室位置调整到图像的中心。上述步骤S120至步骤S124可以看作是超声图像的归一化处理过程。在归一化的处理过程中,步骤120中的超声图像可以包括一帧图像,还可以包括对部分多帧图像中的每一帧,还可以包括上述多帧图像中的每帧超声图像。
步骤S126,将一帧或多帧超声图像数据映射到特征空间,上述特征空间通过对训练集图像中的特征进行提取来构建。
可以理解的是,在一些例子中,该训练集图像至少包含两腔心切面、四腔心切面等各种切面类型对应的心脏超声图像。特征空间可以通过对训练集图像中的特征进行提取来构建,特征提取可以采用主成分分析的方法,也可以提取图像的HAAR特征,还可以是提取心脏中解剖组织结构特征,用以构建特征空间。
步骤S128,将上述超声图像在特征空间的投影与已知切面类型的训练图像在特征空间中的投影进行比较,确定上述一帧或多帧超声图像的切面类型。具体地,将已经归一化后(即上述步骤S120至步骤S124中的识别、旋转和平移)的待分类图像在特征空间的投影与训练图像在特征空间中的投影进行比较,可以采用最近邻或者K近邻方法对待分类图像对待分类的图像类型进行分类和识别。
可以理解的是,在本发明其中一个实施例中,可以将在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像中的一帧超声图像的切面类型,等同于上述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像对应的切面类型;或者在另一些例子中,也可以基于上述多帧超声图像中的每帧超声图像的切面类型,择一确定上述多
帧超声图像对应的切面类型,例如,可以对多帧图像进行识别,然后通过投票算法,最终确定电影的切面类型。
因此,在本发明的一个实施例中,将上述多帧超声图像中的一帧或多帧超声图像的特征,与已知切面类型的训练图像的特征进行比较,从而获得所述多帧超声图像数据的切面类型。本实施例中的特征可以包括图像中分割区域(如解剖组织结构)的位置关系、图像像素值、图像像素值分布情况、图形中分给区域(如解剖组织结构)的形状大小等等,在图像中可用于提取作为图像特征识别的信息均可包含在本实施例中的特征之列。
在一些例子中,上述步骤S14,识别心动周期的步骤具体地,可以通过如下的方法来实现:
首先,根据上述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,提取每帧超声图像的特征值,生成特征曲线;
然后,对上述特征曲线进行周期性分析,识别出目标物的心动周期。
在本发明其中一个实施例中,上述每帧图像的特征值为相似性系数,上述特征曲线为相似性系数曲线。
具体地,特征曲线可以是图像相似度曲线。相似度曲线生成的方法为,选定载入的心脏超声电影中的某一帧作为标准帧(501),计算载入的心脏超声电影中的每一帧图像与标准帧的相似性系数,生成相似性系数曲线(503)。其中,计算载入的心脏超声电影文件中的每一帧图像与标准帧的相似性系数的方法可以是:第一、计算心脏超声电影文件中的每一帧上每一个像素点与标准帧上对应像素点灰度值的差值的绝对值的和,将该加和值作为描述两帧图像之间相似程度的相似性系数;第二、将心脏超声电影文件中的每一帧图像都看作一个矩阵,图像中每一个像素点的值做为矩阵的元素值,计算矩阵间的正相关系数作为描述两帧图像之间相似程度的相似性系数。此外,由于原始图像的像素数较大,在计算相似性系数时需要较多时间,可以对原始图像进行降采样,将原始图像降低到一个合适的尺度,在不损失图像信息的同时,减少计算相似性系数所需要的时间。此外,可以选取图像中的局部区域计算相似性系数,可以选取的图像中的局部区域可以使:心脏超声图像中的室间隔区域、心脏超声图像中的二尖瓣区域等。选取图像中的局部区域可以进一步减少计算图像间相似性系数所需要的时间。
在本发明其中一个实施例中,上述提取每帧超声图像的特征值中,上述
每帧图像的特征值包括组织解剖结构测量值等图像测量值,上述特征曲线为图像测量值随时间变化的图像测量值曲线。
具体地,特征曲线也可以包括组织解剖结构测量值随时间变化的图像测量值曲线,这些测量值包括但不限于:左心室长轴长度,左心室面积,左心室体积,或右心室体积等解剖结构测量值。
图像测量值曲线为组织解剖结构测量值随时间变化的曲线,例如左心室体积随时间变化的曲线,左心室面积随时间变化的曲线,左心室长轴长度随时间变化的曲线,或右心室体积随时间变化的曲线等等。
例如,在生成图像测量值参数曲线的过程中,首先生成左心室的初步轮廓。初步轮廓可以粗略描述左心室的形态变化,但可以不需要达到像素级的精确程度。生成初步轮廓的方法可以通过,依据心尖和二尖瓣环等特征点定位左室大致形态,也可以通过低分辨率图像进行心内膜的边界提取,从而获得上述测量值,如左心室长轴长度,左心室面积,左心室体积等。基于获得的测量值随时间的变化,获得图像测量值曲线作为特征曲线,用于获得心动周期。
在上述步骤S14中,在得到特征曲线后,可以根据该特征曲线来识别心动周期。具体地,可以通过下述的几种方式来进行心动周期的识别:
第一:选取一帧超声图像作为标准帧,依据特征曲线识别出标准帧所在的完整周期。其中,选取标准帧的方法可以是随机在载入的超声电影中选取一帧图像作为标准帧,或者随机在载入的多帧超声图像中选取一帧图像作为标准帧,也可以选择心脏收缩或者舒张过程中的某一帧图像作为标准帧;
将在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的另一帧超声图像;与标准帧分别对应的时刻作为时间的起点和终点,获得一个心动周期。具体地,将标准帧和所确定的另一帧图像所对应的超声电影或多帧超声图像中的时刻作为时间的起点和终点确定一个时间段,该时间段内的心脏电影文件或部分多帧超声图像可以确定为一个心动周期。如图4所示,即示出了这样一个例子。其中,在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的超声图像402。将标准帧401和所确定的另一帧图像402所对应的超声电影中的时刻作为时间的起点和终点确定一个时间段404,该时间段内的心脏电影文件可以确定为一个心动周期。
第二:识别心动周期的方法还可以是根据特征曲线的周期,然后根据标
准帧的位置和周期长度,确定一个完整的心动周期。计算特征曲线的周期的方法可以是利用傅里叶变换将时域中的相似性曲线变换到频率域,获得特征曲线的频谱,在频谱图中查找峰值,然后根据频谱峰值计算特征曲线的周期。计算特征曲线的周期的方法还可以是计算特征曲线的自相关系数曲线,根据自相关系数曲线峰值的位置判定周期。
其中,在步骤S16中,识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤可包括:
选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于上述切面类型对上述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型;
根据上述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,基于上述切面类型对上述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割可以采用传统的方法基于特征点进行边缘提取,即基于特征点进行边缘提取,生成关键帧心内膜的位置和形状;如图5所示,示出了步骤S16的一个实施例中基于特征点进行边缘提取获得心内膜轮廓的示意图;在含有心脏两腔心或者四腔心切面等标准切面的超声心脏图像501中,根据所检测到的二尖瓣环的两个关键点503、504的位置,生成心内膜的初始形状和位置502,然后在心内膜的初始形状附近检测若干个局部图像梯度的最大值点505,然后根据所检测到的局部图像梯度的最大值点和二尖瓣环的两个关键点生成心内膜的位置和形状。
可以理解的是,在本发明的其中一个实施例中,对心内膜分割和识别也可以采用机器学习的方法,依据整体模型进行识别,并识别出关键帧心内膜的位置和形状。实现方案可以但不局限于基于深度学习的左心室分割算法,如,卷积神经网络(CNN)加线性回归的方法,如图6所示。输入一帧图像,CNN利用卷积核对图像逐层卷积进行特征提取,最后利用线性回归在提取的特征上估计出最终的轮廓。其中CNN和线性回归的模型参数已经利用训练集训练获得。
当然,在本发明的其他的一些实施例中,心内膜分割和识别还可以是传统方法和机器学习二者的结合。可以采用传统方法提取关键点,定位左心室,在此基础上通过机器学习的方法进行心内膜的精确提取。也可以再依据整体模型识别出心内膜后,结合传统的边界提取算法,进一步优化边界。
得到关键帧的心内膜后,根据上述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤可以采用下述的几种方法:
第一:得到关键帧的心内膜后,可以通过相同的分割算法,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行逐帧分割,获得心动周期内其他每一帧的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
第二:基于已分割的关键帧心内膜的位置和形状,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行心内膜运动的跟踪处理,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
具体地,运动跟踪的方法可以是基于块匹配的。例如将分割得到的心内膜曲线离散成若干个跟踪点,在当前图像上以该跟踪点为中心一定大小的邻域内的图像作为初始块,在下一帧图像上以该跟踪点为中心,一定大小的邻域内构建搜索区域,在搜索区域内根据灰度相似性选择与初始块匹配的目标块,然后将目标块的中心作为跟踪点在下一帧图像上的位置,在得到当前帧每一个跟踪点在下一帧图像上的位置后可以得到在下一帧图像上心内膜的位置和形状。对所确定的一个心动周期内的每一帧图像都进行上述操作可以获得一个心动周期内每一帧图像上的心内膜的位置和形状。运动跟踪也可以是基于光流法或其他跟踪算法实现的。
可以理解的是,在本发明的其中一个实施例中,得到关键帧的心内膜后,生成心动周期内其他帧图像心内膜的方法,还可以是分割和运动跟踪的联合。每一帧的心内膜都结合分割和跟踪双重结果进行智能融合,以得到最优边界。融合的方法可以是二者结果进行线性联合,如直接进行位置的平均;也可以是依据双方结果的置信度进行局部区域的智能选择,选择之后再进行结果的融合。
在步骤S18中,根据上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;
具体地,得到每一帧图像上的心内膜的位置和形状,就可以据此进行左心室的定量分析。其中,定量分析参数包括但不限于左心室内径,面积,体积等。内径可包括长轴方向内径长度,通常定义为心尖到二尖瓣环中点的距离,也可包括短轴方向的长度,如二尖瓣环室间隔一侧端点到左室侧壁一侧端点的距离。左心室面积可通过心腔内部像素累加等方法计算。左心室体积
为可以通过Simpson法或面积长度法等方法进行计算。体积参数又可分为左心室整体体积(简称左室容积)和左室局部体积(局部容积)。局部容积为心肌各节段内的体积值,节段划分方式可以采用美国超声心动图学会(American Society of Echocardiography,ASE)和美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)定义的16节段或17节段模型。按照上述方案,计算当前心动周期上每一帧图像对应的时刻的心室定量参数,即可获得当前心动周期内的心室定量分析参数变化曲线。如图7所示,即示出了一种左室容积曲线示意图。
在步骤S19,根据上述心室容积曲线计算表征心脏功能的临床参数,并输出。可以理解的是,在步骤S19中,可以同时显示上述心室容积曲线上的最大值和最小值所处时刻对应的超声图像,并标记显示上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状。具体地,将EDV在心室容积曲线中所对应的时刻作为当前心动周期的舒张末期时刻,定位心脏超声电影中舒张末期的一帧图像,然后将ESV在心室容积曲线中所对应的时刻作为当前心动周期的收缩末期时刻,定位心脏超声电影中收缩末期的一帧图像,然后将当前心动周期的舒张末期和收缩末期图像以及心内膜位置和形状在显示界面上显示出来。
可参见图7,在心室容积变化曲线701中查找最大值702可以得到当前心动周期舒张末期容积和舒张末期在心动周期内的对应帧,查找最小值703可以得到当前心动周期收缩末期容积和收缩末期在心动周期内的对应帧。根据舒张末和收缩末的心室容积,即可以计算左心室的射血分数,每搏输出量和心输出量等表征心脏功能的重要临床指标。
可以理解的是,在本发明的其中一个实施例中,在步骤S12中,还包括:提示用户可对显示的上述切面类型进行修改;当用户输入修正后的切面类型时,更新上述切面类型。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述方法还包括:显示上述计算得到的心室容积曲线,和/或表征心脏功能的临床参数。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述步骤S14之后还包括:心动周期识别失败后切换到手动输入模式,用于获取用户手动输入的心动周期。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述步骤S16中包括:
显示上述关键帧;
提示用户可对上述关键帧中左心室心内膜的图像分割过程进行人工干
预;
基于用户在上述关键帧上的调整或输入结果,获得上述标准心内膜分割模型。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,在上述步骤S16之后,还包括:
判定左心室心内膜的位置和形状的分割结果,当判定分割结果有误时,跳转到手动输入模式,用以提示用户在超声图像上输入左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述方法还包括:
提示用户可对当前显示和输出结果进行确认和/或修正,
基于用户的确认和/或修正,形成输出报告,修正内容至少包括:舒张末期对应的时刻、收缩末期对应的时刻、超声图像上标记的左心室心内膜的位置和形状、和表征心脏功能的临床参数中之一。
相应地,图8所示提供了本发明的其中一个实施例。在本实施例中,示出了一个更详细的流程图。首先载入超声图像(步骤S201)。在载入超声图像后,系统对超声图像中的心脏切面类型进行识别和判定(步骤S202),并将结果显示在显示界面上,如果当前切面类型判定错误,则由用户对判定结果进行修改(步骤S203)。在完成对心脏切面类型的判定后,系统对超声心脏电影中的多帧图像进行分析,实现心动周期的识别(步骤S204)。如果系统自动识别失败,则由用户手动指定心动周期(步骤S205)。在完成心动周期的识别时候之后,系统自动选取一帧图像,进行心内膜的自动分割(步骤S206),并对自动分割结果进行判定。如果系统判定自动识别的心内膜有错误,则由用户在某一帧图像上手动输入心内膜(步骤S207)。在自动识别出准确的心内膜或者由用户手动输入心内膜后,系统利用心内膜的位置和心动周期信息识别一个心动周期内的每一帧图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状(步骤S208)。根据每一帧图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状,系统计算每一帧图像所对应的时刻的心室容积及其他定量分析参数。根据一个心动周期内若干时刻上的心室容积,获得心室容积曲线(步骤S209)。在心室容积曲线上查找最大值即为当前心动周期内的舒张末期容积(EDV),查找最小值即为当前心动周期的收缩末期容积(ESV)。根据EDV和ESV,即可以计算左心室的射血分数(EF),每搏输出量和心输出量等表征心脏功能的重要临床参数。同时,将EDV在心室容积曲线中所对应的时刻作为当前心动
周期的舒张末期时刻,定位心脏超声电影中舒张末期的一帧图像,然后将ESV在心室容积曲线中所对应的时刻作为当前心动周期的收缩末期时刻,定位心脏超声电影中收缩末期的一帧图像,然后将当前心动周期的舒张末期和收缩末期图像以及心内膜位置和形状在显示界面上显示出来(步骤S210)。用户需要对当前结果进行判定(步骤S211),如果用户认可当前结果,用户可以将当前结果输入到最终报告中(步骤S213)。如果用户不认可当前结果,用户需要手动修改当前结果(步骤S212),修改的内容包括:舒张末期或者收缩末期的时刻以及收缩末期或者舒张末期的心内膜的位置和形状。在用户对结果进行修改后,用户可以将当前结果输入到最终报告中(步骤S213)。
如图9所示,为本发明提供的一种心脏容积识别分析系统的一个实施例的结构示意图;在该实施例中,该心脏容积识别分析系统1包括:
超声图像获取模块10,用于获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像;
切面类型识别模块11,识别上述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型;
心动周期识别模块12,用于识别心动周期;
轮廓获得模块13,用于基于上述切面类型识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;
心室容积曲线生成模块14,用于根据上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;
临床参数输出模块15,用于输出心室容积曲线,和/或根据所述心室容积曲线计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数;
显示标记模块16,用于显示上述心室容积曲线上的最大值和最小值所处时刻对应的超声图像,并标记显示上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
如图10所示,为图9中切面类型识别模块的一个实施例的结构示意图;
上述切面类型识别模块11进一步包括:
切面类型显示模块110,用于显示识别出的上述切面类型。
切面类型修改提示模块111,用于提示用户可对显示的上述切面类型进行修改;
切面类型更新模块112,用于当用户输入修正后的切面类型时,更新上述切面类型。
如图11所示,为图9中切面类型识别模块的另一个实施例的结构示意
图;在该实施例中,上述切面类型识别模块11进一步包括:
位置识别模块113,用于识别超声图像中室间隔的位置;
旋转处理模块114,用于根据上述室间隔的位置对超声图像进行旋转,使超声图像中的左心室长轴方向为竖直;
平移处理模块115,用于平移上述超声图像,将上述超声图像中的上述左心室位置调整到图像的中心。
特征空间映射模块116,用于将一帧或多帧超声图像数据映射到特征空间,上述特征空间通过对训练集图像中的特征进行提取来构建;
比较确定模块117,用于将上述超声图像在特征空间的投影与已知切面类型的训练图像在特征空间中的投影进行比较,确定上述一帧或多帧超声图像的切面类型。
如图12所示,为图9中心动周期识别模块的一个实施例的结构示意图;在该实施例中,上述心动周期识别模块12包括:
特征曲线生成模块120,用于根据上述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,提取每帧图像的特征值,生成特征曲线;
第一识别模块121,用于对上述特征曲线进行周期性分析,识别出目标物的心动周期。
如图13所示,为图9中心动周期识别模块的另一个实施例的结构示意图;
在该实施例中,上述心动周期识别模块12包括:
标准帧选取模块122,用于选取一帧超声图像作为标准帧;
第二识别模块123,用于将在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的超声图像;与标准帧分别对应的时刻作为时间的起点和终点,获得一个心动周期。
如图14所示,为图9中轮廓获得模块的一个实施例的结构示意图。在该实施例中,上述轮廓获得模块13包括:
关键帧轮廓获得模块130,用于选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于上述切面类型对上述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型;
其他帧轮廓获得模块132,用于根据上述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
其中,上述关键帧轮廓获得模块130采用下述任一方式获得关键帧心内膜的位置和形状:
基于特征点进行边缘提取,生成关键帧心内膜的位置和形状;和/或
采用机器学习的方法,依据整体模型识别关键帧心内膜的位置和形状。
其中,其他帧轮廓获得模块132采用下述任一方式获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状:
根据上述标准心内膜分割模型,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行逐帧分割,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;或者
基于已分割的关键帧心心内膜的位置和形状,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行心内膜运动的跟踪处理,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
更多的细节,可参见前述对图1至图8的描述,在些不进行详述。
基于图1所示的系统结构,在本发明的其中一个实施例中,还提供了一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,包括:
探头;
发射电路,用于向目标物体发射超声波束;
接收电路和波束合成模块,用于获得超声回波信号;
图像处理模块,用于根据超声回波信号获得在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,识别上述超声图像中心脏的切面类型,识别心动周期,以及识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中左心室心内膜的位置和形状,并计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;及
显示器,用于显示上述超声图像及心室容积曲线、标记上述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,以及显示上述切面类型。
上述各个组件或模块的对应关系参见前述图1中的说明。图像处理模块执行图2中的各个步骤过程,在此不再重复累述,针对各个步骤过程的具体解释可参见前文相关内容的说明。本文中提到的图像处理模块可以采用一片处理器或多片处理器构成。
上述各个组件或模块的对应关系参见前述图1中的说明。图像处理模块执行图2中的各个步骤过程,在此不再重复累述,针对各个步骤过程的具体解释可参见前文相关内容的说明。本文中提到的图像处理模块可以采用一片
处理器或多片处理器构成。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述显示器提示用户所识别心动周期是否有误,上述系统还包括:
用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块,
当显示器提示用户上述心动周期有误时,图像处理模块切换至手动输入模式,用户通过操作控制模块可手动输入的心动周期。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述显示器显示上述切面类型的识别结果供用户确认,上述系统还包括:
用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块,
当用户输入的控制命令为识别结果确认错误时,图像处理模块切换手动输入模式,根据用户经操作控制模块输入的控制命令修改当前切面类型并显示。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述显示器显示每帧超声图像的左心室心内膜的位置和形状供用户确认,上述系统还包括:
用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块,
当用户输入的控制命令为识别结果确认错误时,图像处理模块切换手动输入模式,根据用户经操作控制模块输入的控制命令修改超声图像上左心室心内膜的位置和形状并显示。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述显示器显示当前显示和输出结果供用户确认和/或修正,上述系统还包括:
用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块,
图像处理模块基于用户经操作控制模块输入的确认和/或修正命令,形成输出报告,修正内容至少包括:舒张末期对应的时刻、收缩末期对应的时刻、超声图像上标记的左心室心内膜的位置和形状、和表征心脏功能的临床参数中之一。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,上述显示器进一步显示上述计算得到的心室容积曲线,和/或表征心脏功能的临床参数。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别心动周期:
根据所述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,提取每帧图像的特征值,生成特征曲线;
对所述特征曲线进行周期性分析,识别出目标物的心动周期。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述每帧图像的特征值包括解剖结构测量值,所述特征曲线为解剖结构测量值随时间变化的曲线;或
所述每帧图像的特征值为相似性系数,所述特征曲线为相似性系数曲线。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别心动周期:
选取一帧超声图像作为标准帧;
将在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的超声图像;与标准帧分别对应的时刻作为时间的起点和终点,获得一个心动周期。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状:
选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型;
根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状:
根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行逐帧分割,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;或者
基于已分割的关键帧心心内膜的位置和形状,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行心内膜运动的跟踪处理,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来自动选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型:
基于特征点进行边缘提取,生成关键帧心内膜的位置和形状;和/或
采用机器学习的方法,依据整体模型识别关键帧心内膜的位置和形状。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型:
将一帧或多帧超声图像数据映射到特征空间,所述特征空间通过对训练集图像中的特征进行提取来构建;
将所述超声图像在特征空间的投影与已知切面类型的训练图像在特征空间中的投影进行比较,确定所述一帧或多帧超声图像的切面类型。
在本发明的其中一个实施例中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式对超声图像进行处理:
识别超声图像中室间隔的位置;
根据所述室间隔的位置对超声图像进行旋转,使超声图像中的左心室长轴方向为竖直;
平移所述超声图像,将所述超声图像中的所述左心室位置调整到图像的中心。
本发明提出一种心脏容积识别分析系统和方法。本发明利用心脏运动的特性和图像处理技术替代了现有技术基于心电信号实现的自动心动周期的识别和心脏运动时相的判定。在实际使用过程中不需要连接心电信号导线和模块的操作,简化了使用者的工作量,提高了工作效率。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,上述的程序可存储于计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,上述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory,RAM)等。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (34)
- 一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,包括:获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像;识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型;识别心动周期;基于所述切面类型,识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;根据所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;输出心室容积曲线,和/或根据所述心室容积曲线计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述方法还包括:同时显示所述心室容积曲线上的最大值和最小值所处时刻对应的超声图像,并标记显示所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状;和/或,显示识别出的所述切面类型。
- 如权利要求2所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型的步骤中还包括:提示用户可对显示的所述切面类型进行修改;当用户输入修正后的切面类型时,更新所述切面类型。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤,包括:选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型;根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤包括:根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声 图像进行逐帧分割,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;或者基于已分割的关键帧心心内膜的位置和形状,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行心内膜运动的跟踪处理,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述自动选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型的步骤包括:基于特征点进行边缘提取,生成关键帧心内膜的位置和形状;和/或采用机器学习的方法,依据整体模型识别关键帧心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型的步骤包括:将所述多帧超声图像中的一帧或多帧超声图像的特征,与已知切面类型的训练图像的特征进行比较,从而获得所述多帧超声图像的切面类型。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型的步骤包括:将一帧或多帧超声图像映射到特征空间,所述特征空间通过对训练集图像中的特征进行提取来构建;将所述超声图像在特征空间的投影与已知切面类型的训练图像在特征空间中的投影进行比较,确定所述一帧或多帧超声图像的切面类型。
- 如权利要求7所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述将所述多帧超声图像中的一帧或多帧超声图像的特征,与已知切面类型的训练图像的特征进行比较的步骤之前还包括:识别超声图像中室间隔的位置;根据所述室间隔的位置对超声图像进行旋转,使超声图像中的左心室长轴方向为竖直;平移所述超声图像,将所述超声图像中的所述左心室位置调整到图像的中心。
- 如权利要求7所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述确定所述一帧或多帧超声图像的切面类型的步骤还包括:将所述多帧超声图像中的一帧超声图像的切面类型,等同于所述多帧超声图像对应的切面类型;或者基于所述多帧超声图像中的每帧超声图像的切面类型,择一确定所述多帧超声图像对应的切面类型。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别心动周期的步骤,包括:根据所述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,提取每帧图像的特征值,生成特征曲线;对所述特征曲线进行周期性分析,识别出心动周期。
- 如权利要求11所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述每帧图像的特征值包括解剖结构测量值,所述特征曲线为解剖结构测量值随时间变化的曲线;或所述每帧图像的特征值为相似性系数,所述特征曲线为相似性系数曲线。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,识别心动周期的步骤包括:选取一帧超声图像作为标准帧;将在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的超声图像;与标准帧分别对应的时刻作为时间的起点和终点,获得一个心动周期。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述方法还包括:显示所述计算得到的心室容积曲线,和/或表征心脏功能的临床参数。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,识别心动周期的步骤之后还包括:心动周期识别失败后切换到手动输入模式,用于获取用户手动输入的心动周期。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤中包括:显示所述关键帧;提示用户可对所述关键帧中左心室心内膜的图像分割过程进行人工干预;基于用户在所述关键帧上的调整或输入结果,获得所述标准心内膜分割 模型。
- 如权利要求1或4所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状的步骤,或者所述基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型的步骤之后,还包括:判定所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状的分割结果,当判定分割结果有误时,跳转到手动输入模式,用以提示用户在超声图像上输入左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求2所述的一种心脏容积识别分析方法,其中,所述方法还包括:提示用户可对当前显示和输出结果进行确认和/或修正;基于用户的确认和/或修正,形成输出报告,修正内容至少包括:舒张末期对应的时刻、收缩末期对应的时刻、超声图像上标记的左心室心内膜的位置和形状、和表征心脏功能的临床参数中之一。
- 一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,包括:超声图像获取模块,用于获取在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像;切面类型识别模块,用于识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型;心动周期识别模块,用于识别心动周期;轮廓获得模块,用于基于所述切面类型识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;心室容积曲线生成模块,用于根据所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;临床参数输出模块,用于输出心室容积曲线,和/或根据所述心室容积曲线计算并输出表征心脏功能的临床参数。
- 如权利要求19所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述系统还包括:显示标记模块,用于显示所述心室容积曲线上的最大值和最小值所处时刻对应的超声图像,并标记显示所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状;和/或,切面类型显示模块,用于显示识别出的所述切面类型。
- 一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,包括:探头;发射电路,用于向目标物体的心脏区域发射超声波束;接收电路和波束合成模块,用于获得超声回波信号;图像处理模块,用于根据超声回波信号获得在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,识别所述超声图像中心脏的切面类型,识别心动周期,以及识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中左心室心内膜的位置和形状,并计算每一帧超声图像所对应时刻的心室容积定量参数,获得心室容积曲线;及显示器,用于显示所述超声图像、标记所述左心室心内膜的位置和形状,以及显示所述切面类型。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述显示器提示用户所识别心动周期是否有误,所述系统还包括:用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块;当显示器提示用户所述心动周期有误时,图像处理模块切换至手动输入模式,用户通过操作控制模块可手动输入的心动周期。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述显示器显示上述切面类型的识别结果供用户确认,所述系统还包括:用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块;当用户输入的控制命令为识别结果确认错误时,图像处理模块切换手动输入模式,根据用户经操作控制模块输入的控制命令修改当前切面类型并显示。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述显示器显示每帧超声图像的左心室心内膜的位置和形状供用户确认,所述系统还包括:用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块;当用户输入的控制命令为识别结果确认错误时,图像处理模块切换手动输入模式,根据用户经操作控制模块输入的控制命令修改超声图像上左心室心内膜的位置和形状并显示。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述显示器显示当前显示和输出结果供用户确认和/或修正,所述系统还包括:用于接收用户输入控制命令的操作控制模块;图像处理模块基于用户经操作控制模块输入的确认和/或修正命令,形成输出报告,修正内容至少包括:舒张末期对应的时刻、收缩末期对应的时刻、 超声图像上标记的左心室心内膜的位置和形状、和表征心脏功能的临床参数中之一。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述显示器进一步显示所述计算得到的心室容积曲线,和/或表征心脏功能的临床参数。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别心动周期:根据所述在预定时间段上连续采集的多帧超声图像,提取每帧图像的特征值,生成特征曲线;对所述特征曲线进行周期性分析,识别出目标物的心动周期。
- 如权利要求27所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述每帧图像的特征值包括解剖结构测量值,所述特征曲线为解剖结构测量值随时间变化的曲线;或所述每帧图像的特征值为相似性系数,所述特征曲线为相似性系数曲线。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别心动周期:选取一帧超声图像作为标准帧;将在标准帧所在时刻附近局部区域内搜索局部极值,并确定局部极值所对应的超声图像;与标准帧分别对应的时刻作为时间的起点和终点,获得一个心动周期。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别一个心动周期内每帧超声图像中的左心室心内膜的位置和形状:选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型;根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求30所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,识别一个心动周期内的每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状:根据所述标准心内膜分割模型,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声 图像进行逐帧分割,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状;或者基于已分割的关键帧心心内膜的位置和形状,对心动周期内除关键帧之外的其他超声图像进行心内膜运动的跟踪处理,获得每一帧超声图像上的左心室心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求30所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来自动选取一帧图像作为关键帧,基于所述切面类型对所述关键帧的左心室心内膜进行图像分割,获得标准心内膜分割模型:基于特征点进行边缘提取,生成关键帧心内膜的位置和形状;和/或采用机器学习的方法,依据整体模型识别关键帧心内膜的位置和形状。
- 如权利要求21所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块通过以下方式来识别所述多帧超声图像数据中心脏的切面类型:将所述多帧超声图像中的一帧或多帧超声图像的特征,与已知切面类型的训练图像的特征进行比较,从而获得所述多帧超声图像的切面类型。
- 如权利要求33所述的一种心脏容积识别分析系统,其中,所述图像处理模块在将所述多帧超声图像中的一帧或多帧超声图像的特征,与已知切面类型的训练图像的特征进行比较之前还进行如下处理:识别超声图像中室间隔的位置;根据所述室间隔的位置对超声图像进行旋转,使超声图像中的左心室长轴方向为竖直;平移所述超声图像,将所述超声图像中的所述左心室位置调整到图像的中心。
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| CN115984598A (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 基于无创压力容积环的分类方法、系统、电子设备及介质 |
| CN116109626A (zh) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-12 | 深圳鲲为科技有限公司 | 心脏超声数据的处理方法、装置、存储介质及电子设备 |
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| CN117017350A (zh) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-11-10 | 开立生物医疗科技(武汉)有限公司 | 超声图像处理方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
| CN119516270A (zh) * | 2024-11-15 | 2025-02-25 | 四川大学 | 基于左心室混浊的节段性室壁运动分析方法与系统 |
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