WO2017205917A1

WO2017205917A1 - Apparatus, system & method for the generation of energy from waves

Info

Publication number: WO2017205917A1
Application number: PCT/AU2017/050517
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alan Mcnally
Original assignee: Alan Mcnally
Priority date: 2016-06-01
Filing date: 2017-05-31
Publication date: 2017-12-07
Also published as: AU2017272908A1

Abstract

In an aspect there is disclosed a system (100, 200, 300) for generating energy from waves at a water surface, the system (100, 200, 200) includes: a movable tether arrangement (116, 216, 316) passing between a first fixed location (112, 212, 312) and a second location (114, 214, 314); a plurality of independent bodies (111, 211, 311) that each include a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces (119, 219, 319) adapted to provide a force in a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location (112, 212, 312); a plurality of mechanisms (118, 218, 318) that are each associated with respective ones of the bodies (111, 211, 311), each of the mechanisms (118, 218, 318) being adapted to couple respective ones of the bodies (111, 211, 311) to the tether (116, 216, 316); and a power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether to generate energy in response to movement of the tether (116, 216, 316) in the first direction; wherein the mechanisms (118, 218, 318) are adapted to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether (116, 216, 316) so as to move the tether (116, 216, 316) in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether (116, 216, 316) is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism (118, 218, 318). Apparatuses (110, 210, 310) for generating energy from waves are also disclosed as well as associated methods.

Description

Apparatus, System & Method for the Generation of Energy from Waves Related Applications

[001] This application claims priority from Australian provisional patents nos. 2016902121, 2016902122 filed 1 June 2016, and Australian provisional patent no. 2017901458 filed 21 April 2017, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.

Technical Field

[002] The invention relates to an apparatus, system & method for the generation of energy from fluid motion, in particular, fluid motion from ocean waves and converting this motion into electrical energy.

Background

[003] Fluid motion such as reciprocal fluid motion provided by ocean waves provides a source of renewable energy as, for example, kinetic energy of the fluid motion may be converted to other forms of energy such as electrical energy. A passing ocean wave generates a profile of water in with the particles moves in a circular or elliptical type path as the waves pass.

[004] Accordingly, various wave energy capturing and conversions devices have been proposed. Such devices may be configured to bob, sway, pivot, travel and oscillate in response to passing waves and the moving parts such as a float or the like are often attached to a power take off mechanism that converts the motion of the moving parts into another form of energy such as electrical energy.

[005] A problem with wave energy capturing and conversions devices is that the cost of implementation and maintenance has made these devices either commercially unviable or uncompetitive with alternatives. Much of the cost is in mooring, storm survivability and subsea electrical cabling back to shore. [006] The invention disclosed herein seeks to overcome one or more of the above identified problems or at least provide a useful alternative.

Summary

[007] In accordance with a first broad aspect there is provided, a system for generating energy from waves at a water surface, the system including: a movable tether arrangement passing between a first fixed location and a second location remote to the first location; a plurality of independent bodies that each include a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in at least a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to passing waves, the bodies each being adapted to be at least partially buoyant so that the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are submersed and located toward the surface; a plurality of mechanisms that are each associated with respective ones of the bodies, each of the mechanisms being adapted to couple respective ones of the bodies to the tether with the bodies being spaced apart from one another along the tether; and a power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether to generate energy in response to movement of the tether in the first direction; wherein the mechanisms are adapted to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

[008] In an aspect, the tether arrangement includes an endless loop tether having an outbound portion that is movable in the first direction and a return portion, the outbound portion extending from the first location to the second location and the return portion extending from the second location to the first location, wherein the mechanisms of each of the bodies is coupled to the outbound portion of the tether.

[009] In another aspect, the system includes a plurality outbound guides at are each associated with one of the bodies, the outbound guide being adapted to keep the a preferred alignment between the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces carried by each of the bodies and the outbound portion. [0010] In yet another aspect, the system includes a plurality of return guides at are each associated with one of the bodies, the return guide being adapted to suspend and direct the return portion to the second location.

[0011] In yet another aspect, the system including an anchoring arrangement to moveably retain each of the independent buoyant bodies relative to one another along the tether.

[0012] In yet another aspect, the first location is at least one of at or toward a shore, and the second location is located in the water away from the shore.

[0013] In yet another aspect, the power take-off mechanism is at least one of located at or proximate the first location.

[0014] In yet another aspect, the second location is a return adapted to keep tension on the tethering arrangement.

[0015] In yet another aspect, the return includes a pulley arrangement.

[0016] In yet another aspect, each of the mechanisms includes a one-directional clutch.

[0017] In yet another aspect, the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to independently move respective ones of the bodies in at least the first direction and wherein the clutch is carried by the respective bodies so as to move therewith.

[0018] In yet another aspect, the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to drive a pulley coupled to the tether and wherein the clutch is arranged to allow the pulley to drive the tether in the first direction and free-wheel in the opposing direction.

[0019] In yet another aspect, each of the bodies is substantially fixed in a horizontally direction with the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces being movable relative thereto, wherein the mechanism includes a drive adapted apply the force associated with the plurality of hydrodynamic to the tether arrangement in the first direction.

[0020] In yet another aspect, each of the bodies is adapted to undergo limited at least horizontal reciprocal motion back-and-forth along the tethering arrangement.

[0021] In yet another aspect, each of the bodies is associated with a vertical damper to reduce vertical motion.

[0022] In yet another aspect, each of the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces is provided by respective pluralities of flaps, each of the flaps of each of the bodies being independently moveable relative to one another.

[0023] In accordance with a second broad aspect there is provided, an apparatus for generating energy from waves, the apparatus including: a buoyant body including plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in a horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple at least one of the body and the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces to a tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

[0024] In an aspect, the mechanism includes a one-directional clutch.

[0025] In another aspect, the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to move body in at least the first direction and wherein the clutch is carried by the body so as to move therewith.

[0026] In yet another aspect, the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to drive a pulley coupled to the tether and wherein the clutch is arranged to allow the pulley to drive the tether in the first direction and free-wheel in the opposing direction.

[0027] In yet another aspect, the tether is an endless loop tether having an outbound portion extending from the first location to a return at the second location and a return portion extending from the return to the first location, wherein mechanism is coupled to the outbound portion of the tether.

[0028] In yet another aspect, the tether is flexible.

[0029] In yet another aspect, the apparatus include a guide arranged to keep the body in an operative alignment with the tether between the first and second locations.

[0030] In yet another aspect, the guide spaced apart from the clutch.

[0031] In yet another aspect, the body includes a frame and the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces include moveable flaps coupled to the frame, the moveable surfaces being arranged to move in response to the passing waves to preferentially move urge the body in the first direction.

[0032] In yet another aspect, the mechanism is coupled to the frame.

[0033] In yet another aspect, the moveable surfaces include independently moveable upper and lower flaps that are supported by the frame so as to be relatively above and below the tether that passes via the mechanism located between the upper and lower flaps.

[0034] In yet another aspect, the body is adapted to retain substantially the same orientation relative to the tether.

[0035] In yet another aspect, the first location and second location are relatively fixed in a horizontal direction. [0036] In yet another aspect, the body is moveably anchored so as to allow a restricted amount of reciprocal travel in the horizontal direction.

[0037] In yet another aspect, the body is fixedly anchored so and the hydrodynamic surfaces are move relative to the body.

[0038] In yet another aspect, the tether arranged generally perpendicular to a direction of wave travel with the waves directed toward the first location and the first direction being against the direction of wave travel toward the second location.

[0039] In yet another aspect, the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces of the each of the bodies are arranged to be independently moveable in response to passing waves to increase the force in the first direction.

[0040] In accordance with a third broad aspect there is provided, a system for generating energy from waves, the system including: a tether in the form of an endless loop tether passing between a first fixed location and a second location; a plurality of apparatuses as defined above and herein, wherein the plurality of apparatuses are coupled to the tether in a spaced apart arrangement by the mechanism so as to operatively urge an active outbound portion of the tether between the first fixed location and the second fixed location in response to passing waves so as to rotatably drive the endless loop tether.

[0041] In accordance with a fourth broad aspect there is provided, a method generating energy from waves, the method including: arranging an endless loop tether between a first fixed location and a second location remote to the first location; providing a plurality of independent buoyant bodies that each include a plurality hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to waves; coupling respective ones of the plurality of independent buoyant bodies at spaced apart location to the tether via mechanisms carried by each of the plurality of independent buoyant bodies, the mechanisms being adapted to moveably couple each of the plurality of floating bodies to the tether; arranging the mechanism to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism; collecting energy from the tether via power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether when the tether is moved in the first direction.

[0042] In accordance with a fifth broad aspect there is provided, an apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including: a buoyant body having frame that supports a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to the tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism; wherein the frame includes an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion that extend relatively above and below the tether, the upper portion and the lower portion being angled relative to one another to define an intermediate leading end oriented in line with the first direction at which the mechanism is located and trailing swept back upper and lower trailing free ends, and wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are provided in the form of independently movable upper and lower horizontally arranged flaps that are respectively pivotally coupled to the upper frame portion and the lower frame portion.

[0043] In accordance with a sixth broad aspect there is provided, an apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including: a buoyant means; a body carried by the buoyant means, the body having a frame that supports a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to the tether that is arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism; wherein the frame includes an upper frame portion, a lower frame portion, a shaft extending there between at which the mechanism is fitted and a guide arranged to keep the body and mechanism aligned with the tether; wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are provided in the form of movable upper and lower horizontally arranged flaps that are respectively pivotally coupled to and extend from the upper frame portion and the lower frame portion.

[0044] In accordance with a seventh broad aspect there is provided, an apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including: a buoyant body including frame that supports a rotating track that in turn supports a plurality of independently moveable hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the rotating track in a single direction with one of an upper and lower portion of the track moving in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; an anchoring arrangement to keep the buoyant body relatively fixed in at least the horizontal direction; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the rotating track to a tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

[0045] In accordance with an eighth broad aspect there is provided, an apparatus for generating energy from waves using an endless loop tether coupled between first power take off location and a second return location, the apparatus including: a buoyant body including plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a generally horizontal reciprocal motion and provide a selective force in a horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to an outbound portion of the tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first power take off location and the second return location; a travel restriction means to keep the buoyant body within a predetermined travel range in along the an outbound portion of the tether; and wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the outbound portion of tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism, the mechanism thereby driving the endless loop tether about the first power take off location and the second return location.

[0046] In accordance with an ninth broad aspect there is provided, a system for generating energy from waves, the system including: a movable flexible endless loop tether arrangement passing between a first fixed location and a second return location remote to the first location; a plurality of independently floating bodies that each include a respective plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to urge the body in at least a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to waves directed at the first location; a coupling mechanism adapted to independently moveably couple each of the plurality of floating bodies to an outbound portion of tether such that the floating bodies are maintained remote from the first and second point and spaced apart from one another along the outbound portion of the tether; and a power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether; wherein the coupling mechanisms is are arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the bodies each independently move the tether therewith in the first direction and a free condition in which the tether is freely moveable in the first direction relative to the bodies.

[0047] In further aspects, additional features and aspects may include one or more of the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to redirect the vertical component of the wave motion to force in the first direction. The redirection using part of the bodies to be located in the relatively stiller water at a distance below the surface.

[0048] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include one or more of the apparatus including a magnification method to magnify a given movement of the hydrodynamic surfaces resulting in a greater magnitude movement of the coupling mechanisms. [0049] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include multiple systems as described where one or more power take off mechanism located on a floating structure whereby the multiple tethers are in a direction that the force that each tether applies to the floating structure is opposed by the force applied by the other tethers.

[0050] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include one or more coupling mechanisms that redirect some of the force generated from the wave motion to intermittently increase the traction between the coupling mechanisms and the tether.

[0051] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include travel restriction means to keep the buoyant body within a predetermined travel range in along the an outbound portion of the tether which allows the hydrodynamic surfaces to be released to rotate or pivot to assume a position to minimise their opposition to the motion of the surrounding water when the buoyant body is at or nearing the limit of its predetermined travel range.

[0052] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include coupling mechanisms including a sliding or hinged mechanism which allows relative vertical motion between the said wave resisting surfaces and the tether while still allowing the said wave resisting surfaces to apply horizontal force to the tether.

[0053] In still further aspects, additional features and aspects may include apparatus including a steering mechanism whereby the hydrodynamic surfaces can be controlled to use force from wave motion to reposition the tether and the second return location.

Brief Description of the Figures

[0054] The invention is described, by way of non-limiting example only, by reference to the accompanying figures, in which;

[0055] Figure 1 is a side view illustrating an example a system for the generation of energy from ocean waves include a plurality of apparatuses adapted to move in response to passing wave motion;

[0056] Figure 2a is a perspective view illustrating a section of the system as shown in figure 1 with wave resisting surfaces thereof in various operational positions;

[0057] Figure 2b is a side view illustrating an example of the coupling mechanism in the form of a spool or clutch;

[0058] Figure 3 is a side view illustrating a second example of the system and having a second example of apparatus;

[0059] Figure 4 is a perspective view of illustrating a section of the same apparatus as shown in Figure 3;

[0060] Figure 5a is a side elevation view illustrating a section of the apparatus of Figure 4 and showing how stop angles of the pivoting wave resisting surfaces varies with direction of motion;

[0061] Figure 5b is a side elevation view illustrating some modifications to the apparatus of Figure 5a;

[0062] Figure 6 is a side view illustrating a third example of the system and having a third example of apparatus; and

[0063] Figure 7 shows a side elevation view of a section of the same apparatus shown in Figure 6.

Detailed Description

[0064] Disclosed herein are three example wave energy conversion systems 100, 200 and 300 that are arranged to capture energy from ocean waves and convert this energy to another form, preferably electrical energy. Example 1 is shown in Figures 1 and 2, Example 2 in Figures 3 to 5, and Example 3 in Figures 6 and 7. [0065] Each of the energy conversion systems 100, 200 and 300 includes one or more apparatuses 1 10, 210 and 310 each having a body 1 1 1, 21 1, 31 1 adapted to be at least partially buoyant and configured to move in response to passing waves, a first locating structure or point 1 12, 212 and 312, a second locating structure or point 1 14, 214 and 314 between which a moving tethering or force accumulating line arrangement 1 16, 216 and 316 extends, and one or more operable coupling mechanisms 1 18, 218, 318 adapted to moveably couple the bodies 1 1 1, 21 1, 31 1 in a spaced apart arrangement to the tethering arrangement 1 16, 216 and 316. In these examples, the body 1 1 1, 21 1, 31 1 is arranged to be suspended in the water column below the water surface and toward an active wave energy zone that is generally in the top 1/3 of the water column.

[0066] In these examples, the tethering arrangement 1 16, 216, 316 may be an endless loop tether, cable or line 120, 220, 320, the first locating structure 1 12, 212 and 312 may include or be coupled to a power take off device or mechanism 122, 222, 322 and the second locating structure 1 14, 214 and 314 may be a return 124, 224 and 324 such that the endless loop cable 120, 220, 320 travels in a loop about the power take off device 122, 222, 322 and the return 124, 224 and 324. The endless loop tether, cable or line 120, 220, 320 is flexible.

[0067] The at least partially buoyant body 1 1 1, 21 1, 31 1 suspended the tethering arrangement 1 16, 216, 316 above the seafloor. The systems 100, 200 and 300 includes an anchoring arrangement 1 15, 215, 315 arranged to maintain the relative positions of the bodies 1 1 1, 21 1, 31 1 along endless loop tether, cable or line 120, 220, 320. The anchoring arrangement 1 15, 215, 315 may also located the return 124, 224 and 324. It is noted that the postion of the return 124, 224 and 324 may be varied to generally align the tethering arrangement 1 16, 216, 316 with the direction of incident waves.

[0068] The plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces 1 19, 219, 319 are adapted to provide a force in a generally preferable horizontal first direction "Di" away from the relatively fixed first locating structure 1 12, 212 and 312 in response to passing waves and toward the second locating structure 1 14, 214 and 314. The hydrodynamic surfaces 119, 219, 319 are provided herein as wave resistive surfaces 132, 232, 332 as is further detailed below.

[0069] The bodies 111, 211, 311 of the apparatuses 110, 210 and 310 are spaced apart along an active or outbound portion 126, 226, 326 of the tether 120, 220, 320. The mechanism 118, 218, 318 preferably carried by each of the apparatuses 110, 210 and 310 and is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the bodies independently move the active or outbound portion 126, 226, 326 of the cable 120, 220, 320 therewith in the single direction toward the return 124, 224 and 324 and a free or disengaged condition in which the active or outbound portion 126, 226, 326 of the tether 120, 220, 320 is moveable in the first direction relative to the bodies 111, 211, 311. It is noted that in Example 3, the tether 320 may always moving relative to the body 311, both in the engaged and disengaged conditions unless, of course, there are no waves.

[0070] Accordingly, each of the apparatuses 110, 210 and 310 are able to independently advance the tether 120, 220, 320 by selective coupling therewith to move the tether 120, 220, 320 in direction Di and release or disengage the tether 120, 220, 320 in the opposing direction such as when the apparatuses 110 and 210 are moving in an opposing direction D₂, or if the tether 120, 220, 320 is advancing in direction Di relatively faster than the respective apparatuses 110, 210, or if the applied speed of the coupling mechanism 318 is less than the relative speed of the tether 330 as is the case with Example 3.

[0071] This allows the system 110, 210, 310 to accommodate out of phase movement between the spaced apart apparatuses 110, 210 and 310 that will at times be located at different portions of the wave cycle or length and cause the active or outbound portion 126, 226, 326 of the tether 120, 220, 320 to move at different times, speeds and amounts. For example, at times, the bodies 111 and 211, may be moving in opposing direction to one another, but the tether 220 is always urged in direction Di. Or, the hydrodynamic surfaces 319 of the apparatus 310 may be moving at different speeds such that the force or speed applied to the tether 320 by the coupling 318 at each apparatus 310 is different and the coupling 318 ensures that the urging speed of the fastest moving coupling 318 is applied to the tether 320 and any slower speed couplings 318 are disengaged so as to now impede the speed of the tether 318.

[0072] The movement of the tethering arrangements 120, 220, 320 thereby rotating a rotating part 123, 223, 323 of the power take off mechanism 122, 222, 322 that may then produce energy via a generator or the like (not shown). The power take off mechanism 122, 222, 322 is preferably located at the shore or shore line 128, 228, 328 and the return 124, 224 and 324 may be provided via a buoyant pulley arrangement 130, 230, 330 that is located away from the shore 128, 228, 328. The buoyant pulley arrangement 130, 230, 330 serves to guide and tension the tethering arrangement 116, 216, 316. The arrangement may be such that the tethering arrangement 120, 220, 320 is perpendicular to the shore 128, 228, 328.

[0073] Materials of construction of all examples include suitable seafaring materials such as marine grade steel, cable, fibreglass, floating float, plastics and the like.

First Example

[0074] Referring to Figures 1 and 2a, there is shown the first example of the system 100 including three spaced-apart apparatus 110a, 110b and 110c that are generally arranged as has been described above. The bodies 111a, 11 lb, 11 lc of the apparatuses 110a, 110b and 110c each include a plurality of wave resisting surfaces 132 that are supported by a frame structure 134, as best shown in Figure 2a.

[0075] In this example, the coupling mechanism 118 includes a one directional spool 136 and a guiding roller 138 spaced apart from the spool 136 via an arm 137 to assist the bodies 111 to remain in a preferred orientation aligned with the tethering arrangement 116. The guiding roller 138 provides an outbound guide for the outbound portion of the cable 120.

[0076] Each of the bodies 111a, 111b, 111c includes six hydrodynamic surfaces 119 in the form of wave resisting surfaces 132. The wave resisting surfaces 132 are pivotally coupled to the frame structure 134 with hinged connections 140. The wave resisting surfaces 132 may be independently moveable flaps 133 that can pivot on an axis A_x relative to the frame structure 134. The wave resisting surfaces 132 vary their pivoting position in response to varying direction of motion of the surrounding water to preferentially move each of the apparatuses 110 in direction Di. The moveable flaps 133 and the frame 134 may include a buoyant material.

[0077] Shown is the direction Wi, W₂, W₃ of water motion at three different distances from the power take off mechanism 122. In the case where the water motion is in the direction W₃ towards the power take off mechanism 122, the pivoting motion allows the wave resisting surfaces 132 to minimize the surface area opposing the motion of the surrounding water when the wave motion is not in a direction favourable to exerting force on the active portion 126 of the cable 120.

[0078] When the wave motion is in a direction W₂ favourable to exerting a force on active portion 126 of the cable 120, the pivoting motion allows the wave resisting surfaces 132 to maximize the surface area opposing the motion of the surrounding fluid. Thus force is transferred to the force active portion 126 of the cable 120 via the one directional clutch or spool 136 that is attached to the frame structure 134.

[0079] When any apparatus 110a, 110b, 110c is moving away from the power take off mechanism 122 the one way spool 136 will stop rotating and the apparatus 110a, 110b, 110c pull on the active section 126 of the cable 120 generally in direction Di. When the apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c are moving towards the power take off mechanism 112in direction D₂ the one way spool 136 will rotate freely and the apparatus 110a, 110b, 110c pull on the active section 126 of the cable 120 is minimized. Multiple apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c are connected to the same cable 120 and as such the pulling forces of the apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c is accumulated in the cable 120. The active section 126 of the cable 120 passing through one way spools 136 on each of the apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c.

[0080] Figure 2b illustrates an example of the mechanism 118 in the form of the one directional clutch or spool 136. In this example, the one directional spool or clutch 136 has a ratchet mechanism 160 that allows it to rotate in one direction 166 around a rigid shaft 164, but not in the other direction 162. The spool shaft 164 is mounted on a pivoting mount 168. The mount 168 is connected too and moves with the body 111. When the mount 168 is moving in a direction Di relative to the cable 120, the ratchet will engage and the spool 136 will pivot about the mount 168 in a direction 170.

[0081] The pressure between the spool 136 and the cable 126 is increased, increasing the traction between the spool 136 and the cable 126. When the mount 168 is moving in a direction D₂ relative to the cable 126, the mount pivots in a direction 172 decreasing the traction and the spool will freely rotate 166. Guiding rollers 174 176 align the cable 126. It is noted that whilst a mechanical clutch is illustrated herein, other selective coupling mechanism and arrangements such as controlled couplings and electromagnetic arrangements are also contemplated.

[0082] At the furthest apparatus 110c from the power take off mechanism 122 the cable 120 changes direction via the return 124 and returns to the power take off mechanism 122. The buoyant pulley arrangement 130 including pulley wheels 144 which are arranged to allow the cable 120 to change direction without becoming entangled.

[0083] The buoyant pulley arrangement 130 may include a weight 146 attached to via lower pulley 148 so as to be suspended between pulley wheels 144. This weight 146 is used to take up any slack in the cable 120 and keep the cable 120 between the spools 136 of the apparatuses 110 generally under tension. Arrows "A" on the cable 120 show its direction of motion. The power take off mechanism 122 may include the rotating part 123 in the form of a drum 150 with the cable 120 wrapped around it. The pulling force on the cable 120 causes the drum 150 to rotate. The drum 150 may be attached to an electrical generator (not shown) that converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy for distribution to a supply grid. The power take off mechanism 122 is located on dry land or the shore 128 for ease of installation and maintenance.

[0084] Each buoyant apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c is connected to the anchoring arrangement 115 that includes a positioning anchor line 152. The positioning anchor line 152 provides a location or travel restriction means to help maintain the apparatuses 110a, 110b, 110c at a relatively maintained distance from one another and the power take off mechanism 122. The positioning line is moored to the seabed 154. Each apparatus 110a, 110b, 110c is expect to move in a generally oscillating pattern 156, repeatedly moving towards and away from the power take off mechanism 122.

[0085] Figure 2 shows a section of the same structure as shown in Figure 1. Shown are two wave resisting apparatuses 1 10a and 1 10b. Each apparatus 1 10 includes the body 1 1 1 having a frame structure 134 supporting multiple wave resisting surfaces 132, and the mechanism 1 18 in the form of the one directional spool 136 and the guiding roller 138. The wave resisting surfaces 132 are provided as flaps 133 pivotally coupled at opposing ends therefor to the frame structure 134 with hinged connections 140.

[0086] The frame 134 is angled in side profile having an upper and lower frame sections or halves 135, 141 extending from a centre 139 thereof that provides a leading edge to the frame 134. The upper and lower frame sections 135, 141 are perpendicular to one another and about 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. Each of upper and lower frame sections 135, 141 carry a similar number of the flaps 132 that span generally horizontally between the frame 134. The arrangement gives the two wave resisting apparatuses 1 10a and 1 10b are preferred orientation and hydrodynamic properties to intermittently move in direction Di. The mechanism 1 18 through which the active section 126 of the cable 120 passes is at or toward the centre 139. The frame 134 also a return guide 145 that guides or directs a returning portion of the cable 120 back through the body 1 1 1 toward the first location 1 12. It is noted that the return guide 145 assist a returning portion 171 of the cable 120 to be generally parallel with the outbound portion of the cable 120. The return guide 145 may have friction- reducing means in the form of rollers.

[0087] The flaps 133 can pivot between restricted angles on an axis A_r relative to the frame structure 134. Optionally an over travel mechanism can be used to release the wave resisting surfaces to rotate freely, if the wave resisting elements travel out of position on the cable 120, as detected by strain on the positioning line 152. The flaps 133 vary their pivoting position in response to varying direction of motion of the surrounding water. Shown is the direction Wi and W₂ of water motion at two different distances from the power take off mechanism 122. In the case where the water motion is in an upwards direction Wi, the flaps 133 pivoting motion allows the flaps 133 on the lower half 141 of the frame 134 to minimize the surface area opposing the direction motion of the surrounding water.

[0088] The flaps 133 on the upper half 135 of frame 141 oppose the wave motion at an angle, converting vertical upward motion Wi in to horizontal force in the direction Di of the accumulated force cable 120. When the wave motion is in a direction W₂ favourable to exerting force on the force accumulating cable 120 in the direction Di, the pivoting motion allows the flaps 133 to maximize the surface area opposing the motion of the surrounding fluid. Thus force is transferred to the force accumulating cable 120 via the mechanism 118 having the one directional spool 136 which is attached to the frame structure 134. When the force accumulating cable 120 is returning to the power take off mechanism 122 is allowed to pass freely through the mechanism 118.

[0089] Each apparatus 110a, 110b and 110c may be fitted with a damping plate 158, connected to the frame 134 by a vertical member 157. The damping plate 158 being located in relatively stiller water, allows the wave resisting surfaces 132 to resist vertical motion of the surrounding water, similar to that shown in Figure 7. The wave resisting surfaces 132 may be angled so they can generate force in the direction DI from waves traveling in any direction. The damping plate 158 can be a solid plate or optionally part of the plate can be oscillating hydrofoils 159 hinged to the plate. The hydrofoils 159 can be held locked to not oscillate or can be released to oscillate. Selectively releasing the hydrofoils on either side of the plate can be used to steer 161 the apparatus 110a, 110b, 110c and thus the direction 161 of the cable 120. The wave resisting surfaces 132 operate at maximum efficiency when the wave directions aligned with the direction Di or D₂. Thus the system can, via an electronic control system or such like, continually realign itself to the ever changing direction of wave propagation to improve efficiency. The steering system can also compensate for ocean currents.

[0090] It is noted that each apparatus 110a, 110b and 110c could optionally have the clutch 136 mounted on a hinge mechanism which amplifies the motion of one wave driven part of the apparatus to give larger motion of the clutch 136. Allowing energy capture from smaller waves, similar to that shown in Figure 5b. [0091] Moreover, whilst in this example the apparatus 110 acts on the outbound portion 126 of the cable 120, in other examples it is contemplated that the apparatus 110 may act also act on the return portion 171 of the cable 120 such as applying a return force as the apparatus 110 reciprocates. In other examples, the direction of rotation of the endless cable 120 could be reversed with the active portion then being the return portion 171 of the cable 120 and in this case the configuration of the hydrodynamic body 111 may be reversed or modified accordingly.

Second Example

[0092] Figures 3 to 5a illustrate a second example of the system 200 also having a plurality of spaced apart apparatuses 210a, 210b, 210c that generally functions in a similar manner to the first example. Accordingly, like sequences of numerals are used to denote generally like parts (i.e 110, 210 etc) all generally like parts are not again described again here in detail such as the tethering arrangement 216, operable coupling mechanism 218 in the form of the spool 236, guiding rollers 238 and the power take off 222.

[0093] In this example, the spaced apart apparatuses 210a, 210b, 210c are configured slightly differently to the first example and include a float 260 below which the body 211 having the frame 234 that holds the hydrodynamic surfaces 219 is suspended. Like, the first example, the frame 234 has upper and lower halves 235, 241 that support the hydrodynamic surfaces 219 in the form of wave resistant surfaces 232, in this example, flaps 233.

[0094] The float 260 is moved vertically up and down by the wave motion near the water surface 201. The float 260 is connected by a further tether line 262 to the body 211 of the apparatus 210. The body 211 includes two horizontal layers of wave resisting surfaces 232 in the form of pivoting flaps 233. The wave resisting surfaces 232 being at an angle to the horizontal plane, such that the wave resisting surfaces 232 interaction with the surrounding liquid causes horizontal movement of the body 211, when vertical force is applied to the body 211

[0095] The body 211, more specifically the frame 234 thereof, includes a rigid shaft or member 264 between the lower layer 269 and upper layer 268 of wave resisting surfaces 232. Attached to the rigid shaft 264 is a one way spool 236. The one way spool 236 can slide vertically on the rigid shaft 264 to allow for relative vertical motion between the force accumulating cable 220 and the body 211 The force accumulating cable 220 passes against the one way spool 236. Like the first example, the one way spool or clutch 236 has a ratchet mechanism which allows it to rotate in one direction around the rigid shaft 264, but not in the other direction. When the apparatus 210 is moving away from the power take off mechanism 222 the one way spool 236 will stop rotating and the body 211 will pull on the force accumulating cable 220 in a direction away from the power take off mechanism 222. When the body 211 is moving towards the power take off mechanism 222, the one way spool 236 will rotate freely and the body 211 pull on the force accumulating cable 220 is minimized.

[0096] Multiple wave resisting elements are connected to the same force accumulating cable 226. Arrows W_a and W_b show the momentary direction of motion of the floats 260. When the float 260a is moving in an upward direction W_a the attached body 211a moves away in directions D_a from the power take off mechanism 222. When the floats 260b, 260c are moving in a downward direction W_b, W_c the attached bodies move in directions D_b, D_c toward the power take off mechanism 222.

[0097] At the furthest apparatus 210c from the power take off mechanism 222 the cable 220 changes direction and returns to the power take off mechanism 222. Some pulley wheels 244 are used to allow the cable 220 to change direction in a similar manner to the first example. Each apparatus 210a, 210b, 210c is connected to a positioning line 252. The positioning line 252 helps maintain the apparatuses 210a, 210b, 210c at a relatively maintained distance from other power units and the power take off mechanism 222.

[0098] Referring more specifically to Figures 4 and 5a, the wave resisting surfaces 232 are angled relative to the horizontal plane such that the wave resisting surfaces 232 interaction with the surrounding liquid causes horizontal movement of the body 211, when vertical force is applied to the frame 234. The rigid shaft 264 extends between horizontal frame members 266 that support each of the lower and upper layers 268, 269 of wave resisting surfaces. Attached to the rigid shaft 264 is the oneway spool 236.

[0099] The apparatuses 210a, 210b are connected to the positioning line 252 to help maintain position. Each flap 233 can pivot about an axis "A_f" in response to changes in the direction of movement relative of the surrounding water. The horizontal frame members 266 include stops 270 arranged to limit the angle of pivot when the wave resisting surfaces 232 are moving in a relative downward D and upward D_a directions are shown, respectively. The stops 270 may be moveable to adjust position in response to the change in distance from the power take off 222 as detected by increased strain on the connection to the positioning line 252. Arrows D_a, D show the momentary direction of motion of the bodies 21 la, 21 lb in response to the movement W_a, W_b of the attached floats 260a, 260b.

[00100] Figure 5b shows the same apparatus 210 as in figure 5 a with two modifications. The upper and lower frame sections 266 are held at an angle to the horizontal plane. When the wave resisting surfaces 232 are traveling in a relatively upward direction D_a, the multiple smaller wave resisting surfaces align to give the hydrodynamic response of a larger surface, producing greater force in a direction Dl than the sum of the small surfaces 232 would if separated. When the wave resisting surfaces 232 are traveling in a relatively downward direction D_b, the wave resisting surfaces 232 separate by changing angle "A_f" to give the rapid hydrodynamic response of smaller surfaces. Also shown is an over travel mechanism 271 whereby the stops 270 can adjust their position 272 in response to the change in distance from the power take off 222 as detected by increased strain on the connection to the positioning line 252. Moving the stops 272 alters the hydrodynamic response and maintaining the apparatus at a distance from the power take off 222. The over travel mechanism 271 could be further adapted to release the wave resisting surfaces 232 to rotate freely if the strain on the connection to the positioning line 252 exceeds a limit. Another adaptation is the mounting of the clutch 236 on a lever arm 274. Pivot point 276 of the lever 274 is mounted on the rigid shaft 264, such that it can travel vertically on the shaft 264. A horizontal movement 278 of the pivot point results in a greater magnitude movement 280 of the clutch mechanism 236. This allows energy capture from smaller wave movements. The lower end 281 of the lever 274 is fixed to a stationary second positioning line 282.

Third example

[00101] Turning finally to Figures 6 to 7, there is illustrated a third example of the system 300 having also having a plurality of spaced apart apparatuses 310a, 310b, that generally function in a similar manner to the first and second examples. Accordingly, like sequences of numerals are used to denote generally like parts (i.e 210, 310 etc), and all generally like parts are not again described again here in detail such as the tethering arrangement 316, operable coupling mechanism 318, guiding rollers 338 and the power take off 322.

[00102] Figure 6 shows how the apparatus 310a, 310b can be connected to the same force accumulating cable 320. Figure 7 shows a closer or zoomed in view of a section of Figure 6, as outlined by the dashed line. The circular arrows Ca, Cb, Cc, Cd, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cg represent the direction of motion of the water directly below the arrow. The water motion interacts with the wave resisting surfaces 332 resulting in an exertion of force on the cable 220 in a direction Di away from the power take off mechanism 322. The upper or active section 326 of the force accumulating cable 320 is moving in a direction Di away from the power take off mechanism 322. The lower or return section 371 of the cable 320 is moving in direction D₂ toward the power take off mechanism 322.

[00103] A positioning line 355 maintains the apparatuses 310 at a distance from each other and the power take power take off mechanism 322. The positioning line 355 is connected to a near shore mooring point 375. The cable 320 changes direction by rotating around the pulley arrangement 330 that includes a pulley 344 suspended by a buoyant means in the form of a float 373. The float 373 and pulley arrangement 330 the coupled via a tether 354 an anchor point 376. The pulley arrangement 330 maintained a tension on endless cable 320.

[00104] Unlike the previous claims, in this example the body 311 is maintain relatively stationary and the wave resisting surfaces 332 move relative to the body 311 about oval shaped rotating track 391 arranged generally horizontally along the body 311. The rotating track 391 having a chain guide 380 that carries the wave resisting surfaces 332.

[00105] Referring to Figure 7, each apparatus 310 includes sixteen wave resisting surfaces 332, each is an approximately rectangular shaped thin board or panel connected along the long edge, which would commonly be described as a fin or flap 333, and would typically have a hydrofoil profile. Each wave resisting surfaces 332 can pivot around a hinge joint 340, on the long edge, where they are connected to the guide chain 380. The guide chain 380 and connected wave resisting surfaces move in a path "P" around the two axes "Ai and A₂".

[00106] The wave resisting surfaces 332 angle of pivot "Ar" is restricted to between plus and minus 45 degrees relative to the guide chain 380 when in the upper part 382 of the path of travel. When not in the upper part to the path of travel the angle of pivot of the wave resisting surfaces 332 is unrestricted and they can rotate 360 degrees as indicated at "R", thus minimizing opposition to the motion of the surrounding water. When the surfaces are in the upper part 382 of the path of travel P, the falling or rising surrounding water will cause the surfaces to move to an angle of minus or plus forty -five degrees respectively.

[00107] The surfaces 332 will be caused by deflection to move in a direction Di away from the power take off mechanism 322. This motion causes the guide chain 380 to move around the path of travel P and the axels 381, 383 rotate in direction R_r. A pulley wheel 384 is connected to the axel 386 drives another pulley wheel 388. The pulley wheel 388 provides a drive that can move or urge the force accumulating cable 220 in a direction Di away from the power take off mechanism 322. Thus transferring power to the power take off mechanism 322. The pulley wheel 388 includes a freewheel clutch 336 so it does not impede the movement of the force accumulating cable 320 when the water motion surrounding the wave resisting surfaces 332 is not in a direction favourable to producing force on the active section 326 of the cable 320.

[00108] Accordingly, it may be appreciated that the pulley wheel 388 includes a freewheel clutch 336 provides a similar one-directional mechanism continuously rotated the endless cable 320 and drive the power take-off mechanism 322. It is noted that in some examples each apparatus 310a and 310b may have the pulley wheel 388 axis mounted on a pivoting arm such that some of the force derived from the wave energy is redirected to intermittently increase the traction between the driving pulley

388 and the cable 320, simular to that shown in figure 2b. The arm may also be pivoted by increased strain on the positioning line 355.

[00109] The water surface 301 is shown. Guiding rollers 338 are provided to keep the frame 334 aligned with the cable 320. The axels 381, 383 and the pulley wheels 384, 388, 338 are connected to a rigid frame 334 including a vertical member

389 that supports the pulley wheel 388 and a horizontal member 390 that supports the axels 381, 383 and pulleys 384, 338, and ultimately the pivoting flaps 333.

[00110] In this example, at the bottom of the rigid frame 334 is attached a reaction plate 392. The reaction plate 392 has a large surface area along the horizontal plane. The reaction plate 392 is located at a distance below the surface where the wave motion is significantly diminished and it is surrounded by relatively still water. A strut connection 394 between the wave resisting surfaces 332 and the reaction plate 392 aid or urge the wave resisting surfaces 332 in opposing the vertical motion of the surrounding water.

[00111] Advantageously, there has been described three examples of a system for converting energy associated with waves to another form of energy, in particular, electrical energy. The systems each include a plurality of bodies each with pluralities of hydrodynamic surfaces that are suspended in the water column below the water surface in generally the top third of the water column where wave driven water flow is present. Accordingly, the bodies may be located proximate a zone of wave energy but below the waters surface that may present harsh conditions such as breaking waves or aesthetic issues.

[00112] The system includes the endless loop tether coupled to each of the bodies via the coupling mechanism. The endless loop tether is suspended by the bodies above the bottom or sea floor and as such allows energy to be transferred from motive forces generated by the pluralities of hydrodynamic surfaces ultimately to a shore based power take-off mechanism. The suspension of the endless loop tether avoids disruption of the sea floor by cabling being installed in trenches or the like. The system employs an anchoring system that keeps the relative position of the bodies along the endless loop tether. The anchoring system has only a relatively small footprint that avoids significant seafloor disruption and can could be moved to relocation or reposition the system.

[00113] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

[00114] The reference in this specification to any known matter or any prior publication is not, and should not be taken to be, an acknowledgment or admission or suggestion that the known matter or prior art publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the field to which this specification relates.

[00115] While specific examples of the invention have been described, it will be understood that the invention extends to alternative combinations of the features disclosed or evident from the disclosure provided herein.

[00116] Many and various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed or evident from the disclosure provided herein.

Claims

The claims defining the Invention are as follows:

1. A system for generating energy from waves at a water surface, the system including:

a movable tether arrangement passing between a first fixed location and a second location remote to the first location;

a plurality of independent bodies that each include a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to passing waves, the bodies each being adapted to be at least partially buoyant so that the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are submersed and located toward the water surface;

a plurality of mechanisms that are each associated with respective ones of the bodies, each of the mechanisms being adapted to couple respective ones of the bodies to the tether with the bodies being spaced apart from one another along the tether; and a power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether to generate energy in response to movement of the tether in the first direction;

wherein the mechanisms are adapted to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the tether arrangement includes an endless loop tether having an outbound portion that is movable in the first direction and a return portion, the outbound portion extending from the first location to the second location and the return portion extending from the second location to the first location, wherein the mechanisms of each of the bodies is coupled to the outbound portion of the tether.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the system includes a plurality outbound guides at are each associated with one of the bodies, the outbound guide being adapted to keep the a preferred alignment between the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces carried by each of the bodies and the outbound portion.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the system includes a plurality of return guides at are each associated with one of the bodies, the return guide being adapted to suspend and direct the return portion to the second location.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system includes an anchoring arrangement to moveably retain each of the independent buoyant bodies relative to one another along the tether.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first location is at least one of at or toward a shore, and the second location is located in the water away from the shore.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the power take-off mechanism is at least one of located at or proximate the first location.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second location is a return adapted to keep tension on the tethering arrangement.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the return includes a pulley arrangement.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the mechanisms includes a one-directional clutch.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to independently move respective ones of the bodies in at least the first direction and wherein the clutch is carried by the respective bodies so as to move therewith.

12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to drive a pulley coupled to the tether and wherein the clutch is arranged to allow the pulley to drive the tether in the first direction and free-wheel in the opposing direction.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the bodies is substantially fixed in a horizontally direction with the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces being movable relative thereto, wherein the mechanism includes a drive adapted apply the force associated with the plurality of hydrodynamic to the tether arrangement in the first direction.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the bodies is adapted to undergo limited at least horizontal reciprocal motion back-and-forth along the tethering arrangement.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the bodies is associated with a vertical damper to reduce vertical motion.

16. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces is provided by respective pluralities of flaps, each of the flaps of each of the bodies being independently moveable relative to one another.

17. An apparatus for generating energy from waves, the apparatus including: a buoyant body including plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in a horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves;

a mechanism adapted to moveably couple at least one of the body and the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces to a tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location,

wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein mechanism include a one- directional clutch.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to move body in at least the first direction and wherein the clutch is carried by the body so as to move therewith.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are arranged to drive a pulley coupled to the tether and wherein the clutch is arranged to allow the pulley to drive the tether in the first direction and free-wheel in the opposing direction.

21. The apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the tether is an endless loop tether having an outbound portion extending from the first location to a return at the second location and a return portion extending from the return to the first location, wherein mechanism is coupled to the outbound portion of the tether.

22. The apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the apparatus include a guide arranged to keep the body in an operative alignment with the tether between the first and second locations.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the guide spaced apart from the clutch.

24. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the body includes a frame and the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces include moveable flaps coupled to the frame, the moveable surfaces being arranged to move in response to the passing waves to preferentially move urge the body in the first direction.

25. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the mechanism is coupled to the frame.

26. The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the moveable flaps include independently moveable upper and lower flaps that are supported by the frame so as to be relatively above and below the tether that passes via the mechanism located between the upper and lower flaps.

27. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the body is adapted to retain substantially the same orientation relative to the tether.

28. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the first location and second location are relatively fixed in a horizontal direction.

29. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the body is moveably anchored so as to allow a restricted amount of reciprocal travel in the horizontal direction.

30. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the body is fixedly anchored so and the hydrodynamic surfaces are moved relative to the body.

31. The apparatus according to claim 17, the tether arranged generally perpendicular to a direction of wave travel with the waves directed toward the first location and the first direction being against the direction of wave travel toward the second location.

32. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces of the each of the bodies are arranged to be independently moveable in response to passing waves to increase the force in the first direction.

33. A system for generating energy from waves, the system including:

a tether in the form of an endless loop tether passing between a first fixed location and a second location;

a plurality of apparatuses as defined in any one of claims 16 to 32,

wherein the plurality of apparatuses are coupled to the tether in a spaced apart arrangement by the mechanism so as to operatively urge an active outbound portion of the tether between the first fixed location and the second fixed location in response to passing waves so as to rotatably drive the endless loop tether.

34. A method generating energy from waves, the method including:

arranging an endless loop tether between a first fixed location and a second location remote to the first location;

providing a plurality of independent buoyant bodies that each include a plurality hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to provide a force in a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to waves;

coupling respective ones of the plurality of independent buoyant bodies at spaced apart location to the tether via mechanisms carried by each of the plurality of independent buoyant bodies, the mechanisms being adapted to moveably couple each of the plurality of floating bodies to the tether;

arranging the mechanism to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism;

collecting energy from the tether via power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether when the tether is moved in the first direction.

35. An apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including:

a buoyant body having frame that supports a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves; a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to the tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism;

wherein the frame includes an upper frame portion and a lower frame portion that extend relatively above and below the tether, the upper portion and the lower portion being angled relative to one another to define an intermediate leading end oriented in line with the first direction at which the mechanism is located and trailing swept back upper and lower trailing free ends, and

wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are provided in the form of independently movable upper and lower horizontally arranged flaps that are respectively pivotally coupled to the upper frame portion and the lower frame portion.

36. An apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including:

a buoyant means;

a body carried by the buoyant means, the body having a frame that supports a plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves;

a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to the tether that is arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism;

wherein the frame includes an upper frame portion, a lower frame portion, a shaft extending there between at which the mechanism is fitted and a guide arranged to keep the body and mechanism aligned with the tether;

wherein the plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces are provided in the form of independently movable upper and lower horizontally arranged flaps that are respectively pivotally coupled to and extend from the upper frame portion and the lower frame portion.

37. An apparatus for coupling with a tether to capture energy from waves, the apparatus including:

a buoyant body including frame that supports a rotating track that in turn supports a plurality of independently moveable hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the rotating track in a single direction with one of an upper portion and lower portion of the track moving in a substantially horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves;

an anchoring arrangement to keep the buoyant body relatively fixed in at least the horizontal direction;

a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the rotating track to a tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first location and a second location at an opposing side of the body relative to the first location, wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism.

38. An apparatus for generating energy from waves using an endless loop tether coupled between first power take off location and a second return location, the apparatus including:

a buoyant body including plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to move the body in a generally horizontal reciprocal motion and provide a selective force in a horizontal first direction away from a relatively fixed first location remote to the body in response to passing waves;

a mechanism adapted to moveably couple the body to an outbound portion of the tether arranged substantially horizontally between the first power take off location and the second return location;

a travel restriction means to keep the buoyant body within a predetermined travel range in along the an outbound portion of the tether; and

wherein the mechanism is arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the force is transferred to the tether so as to move the outbound portion of tether in the single direction and a free condition in which the tether is moveable in the first direction unrestricted by the mechanism, the mechanism thereby driving the endless loop tether about the first power take off location and the second return location.

39. A system for generating energy from waves, the system including:

a movable flexible endless loop tether arrangement passing between a first fixed location and a second return location remote to the first location;

a plurality of independently floating bodies that each include a respective plurality of hydrodynamic surfaces adapted to urge the body in at least a generally horizontal first direction away from the first location and toward the second location in response to waves directed at the first location;

a coupling mechanism adapted to independently moveably couple each of the plurality of floating bodies to an outbound portion of tether such that the floating bodies are maintained remote from the first and second point and spaced apart from one another along the outbound portion of the tether; and

a power take-off mechanism operatively associated with the moveable tether; wherein the coupling mechanisms is are arranged to be operable between an engaged condition in which the bodies each independently move the tether therewith in the first direction and a free condition in which the tether is freely moveable in the first direction relative to the bodies.