WO2017200511A1 - A silencer for small-arms sound suppression - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to small-arms namely the muzzle silencer of chamber type and is aimed at creating an effective sound suppression of shot of small-arms and significant reduce of recoil when using serial ammunition with supersonic and subsonic bullet speed. A silencer for small-arms sound suppression, which includes the outer casing (1) in the form of a hollow cylinder consisting of front (2) and rear (3) parts, inside of which two expansion chambers (4, 5) and receiver chamber (6) are formed. The first expansion chamber (4) is formed by the inner shell of front part (2) of casing (1) and separator (7) with bullet channel (8) made as a tube (9) and a cartridge (10) connected with a tube (9), where the body cavity of the cartridge (10) is directed to the silencer outlet, a tube (9) of separator (7) has on all length the lateral through openings (11) that are perpendicular to the axis of passing of bullet. The second expansion chamber (5) forms a separator cartridge (10) connected to front part (2) of casing (1) and to the central barrier (18) that is designed as a cartridge turned with its inside cavity to the silencer inlet opening, which has an opening (19) for bullet passing, and external thread for connecting to rear part (3) of casing (1). The receiver chamber (6) is formed by the inner shell of rear part (3) of casing (1) and diffuser system (20), where each diffuser (21) is designed in the form of adapter with a front part as a truncated cone (23) and cylindrical body (24) to that two calibrated shims (25) rigidly attached in parallel with the system of the through opening (26), wherein the diffuser system (20) creates additional expansion chambers, outlet of rear part (3) of casing (1) is connected to a thread equipped with expanding conical nozzle (27).

Description

A SILENCER FOR SMALL-ARMS SOUND SUPPRESSION

[0001] The present invention relates to small-arms namely the muzzle silencer of chamber type and is aimed at creating an effective sound suppression of shot of small-arms and significant reduce of recoil when using serial ammunition with supersonic and subsonic bullet speed.

[0002] The reason for a sharp and strong gun report is a high temperature explosion pressure in the barrel and high speed at the muzzle edge generated when fired. The muzzle edge is exposed to rapid gas expansion accompanied by a strong and sound effects with a level of 90-160 db. Besides, the exhaust gases expand when pressured with equal force to the entire surface occupied by its volume. The pressure, which gases put upon the bore walls cause their elastic expansion. Gas pressure upon the bullet head provokes its quick moving in the line of the barrel; though, any pressure on the bullet casing, and through it - on the bolt and firing mechanism housing is transmitted to the arms and makes it move back in the direction opposite to the movement of the bullet. That means the exhaust gases energy seems to throw back the arms and bullet in different directions on firing. This reverse motion of arms (barrel) when shooting is called a jump. The jump is felt as a push in the shoulder, hand of a shooter, or soil. The arms jump can affect the firing accuracy that is why a jump balancing is also one of the important tasks, as well as a shot sound suppression while creating new models of small-arms, especially with the use of major caliber ammunition.

[0003] Known are the silencers for small-arms sound suppression under the Russian Federation patent of invention No. 2256865, publication date - 20.07.2005, and under the Russian Federation patent of invention No. 2437048, publication date - 20.12.2011, which include an outer casing in the form of a quill cylinder, at the edge of which a fixturing component in the form of thread is set for connection to barrel, as well as the main expansion chamber, several additional barriers behind the central barrier that form additional expansion chambers. However, the known silencers are rather complicated for manufacturing as they require a very high precision of barrel and mating surfaces manufacture, to ensure their alignment. This deals with a single-sided support of silencer mount to the arms barrel. More effective silencers are sound suppressors with holding element in the form of barrel connection thread, a muzzle of which is approximately situated in the middle of casing.

[0004] Also the known silencers are the firearm suppressor according to US patent No. 7832323, publication date - 16.11.2010, and according to US patent No. 6374718, publication date - 23.04.2002, which silencer (firearm suppressor) containing the outer casing in the form of a quill cylinder, inside of which a fixturing component in the form of thread is set for connection to barrel; its muzzle is positioned approximately in the middle of casing, and in front of central barrier, which forms the main expansion chamber together with back barrier located in the muzzle and having many holes that connect the main expansion chamber with a ring chamber that includes a barrel end section, several additional barriers behind the central barrier, while forming additional expansion chambers.

[0005] As disclosed and claimed in the prior US patent specification No. 4907488, publication date - 13.03.1990, the characteristic feature of which is the central barrier designed as a part of sphere, a concave surface of which is turned toward the interior of the main expansion chamber. This patent can be considered as a closest analog. Additional barriers are also designed as a part of sphere, a concave surface of which is turned outward from the main expansion chamber.

[0006] However the known silencers have low efficiency of sound reduce. This occurs due to several reasons. In particular the design of the known silencer does not provide a fast and unimpeded transition of combustion gases from the main expansion chamber into the ring chamber, as one can do openings in the rear barrier the total cross-sectional area of which is approximately 0.4 - 0.5 of rear barrier area. In addition the central hole in the central barrier has a small length that provides quick opening of the main expansion chamber and outflow of combustion gases to additional chambers. We can also consider one more disadvantage - combustion gases usually make a straight line motion in chambers that does not ensure a sufficient heat exchange between gases and chambers walls, and does not reduce their pressure and temperature.

[0007] Besides the most known disadvantage of silencers is the extremely low recoil balancing when fired or its absence.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to improve the known silencers by changing their basic components and their layout to enhance the sound suppression level, and reduce recoil during firing due to decrease of combustion gases kinetic energy, and reducing their pressure and temperature, and to stimulate a process of heat transfer between gas and silencer walls.

[0009] The technical result is achieved by developing such silencer for small-arms sound suppression that includes the outer casing in the form of a hollow cylinder consisting of front and rear parts, inside of which two expansion chambers and receiver chamber (6) are formed. The first expansion chamber is formed by the inner shell of front part of casing and separator with bullet channel made as a tube and a cartridge connected with a tube, where the body cavity of the cartridge is directed to the silencer outlet. The separator tube has on all length the lateral through openings that are perpendicular to the axis of passing of bullet. A second expansion chamber forms a separator cartridge connected to front part of casing and to the central barrier that is designed as a cartridge turned with its inside cavity to the silencer inlet opening, which has an opening for bullet passing, and external thread for connecting to rear part of casing. The receiver chamber is formed by the inner shell of rear part of casing and diffuser system, where each diffuser is designed in the form of adapter with a front part as a flattened cone and cylindrical body to that two calibrated shims rigidly attached in parallel with the system of the through opening. This diffuser system creates additional expansion chambers. Outlet of rear part of casing is connected to a thread equipped with expanding conical nozzle.

[0010] The multi-layer shell material made of stainless steel (other materials can also be suitable) usually place around the tube separator for extinguishing sparks, lowering the temperature and velocity of combustion gases. Mostly, the mesh size of lxl mm is used but other dimensions also can be applied.

[0011] To connect the silencer to the arms barrel, internal thread is made on the front part of the separator tube. The front part of separator tube has outer thread for the end front-flange ring connection.

[0012] The following figures, as well as examples and description of the silencer specific implementation, are presented only to illustrate the claimed invention and do not limit the rights determined by the set of claims:

Figure 1 - general view of the silencer, longitudinal section;

Figure 2 - general view of the separator in axonometric projection;

Figure 3 - general view of the end front-flange ring in axonometric projection;

Figure 4 - general view of the central barrier in axonometric projection;

Figure 5 - general view of the diffuser in axonometric projection;

Figure 6 - general view of extending end conical nozzle in axonometric projection;

[0013] According to Fig.l the silencer for small-arms sound suppression includes the outer casing 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder consisting of front 2 and rear 3 parts and has two expansion chambers 4, 5 and receiver chamber 6 inside. The first expansion chamber 4 is formed by the inner shell of front part 2 of casing 1 and separator 7 with bullet channel 8 made as a tube 9 and a cartridge 10 connected with a tube 9, where the body cavity of the cartridge 10 is directed to the silencer outlet. The tube 9 of separator 7 has on all length the lateral through openings 11 that are perpendicular to the axis of bullet passing (Fig.1 , Fig.2). The front part of the tube 9 of separator 7 has internal thread (not shown) for connection with the arms barrel and external threads (not shown) for attaching the end front-flange ring 12. The tube 9 of separator 7 is surrounded with multilayered mesh 13 made of stainless steel. According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, end front flange-ring 12 has a hole 14 for bullet passing, internal threads (not shown) for mounting on tube 9 of separator 7, the skirt 15, which is a segment of the front part 2 of casing 1 and the end surface 16 with protrusion 17 having a form suitable to be covered with a wrench. The second expansion chamber 5 forms a cartridge 10 of separator 7 connected with external thread (not shown) to the front part 2 of casing 1 and connected with internal thread to the central barrier 18 that is designed as a cartridge turned with its inside cavity to the silencer inlet opening, which has an opening 19 for bullet passing and external thread for connecting to rear part 3 of casing 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4). According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 the receiver chamber 6 is formed by the inner shell of rear part 3 of casing 1 and diffuser system 20. Each diffuser 21 is designed in the form of adapter with a front part as a truncated cone 23 and cylindrical body 24 to that two calibrated shims 25 rigidly attached in parallel with the system of the through opening 26. Therefore, the diffuser system 20 creates additional expansion chambers. Typically, the diffuser system 20 consists of six diffusers 21 , but there may be other options for its implementation. There are various options for diffusers systems 20 mounting, in particular, one can apply series type connection of diffusers 21 using spot welding and spot welding of diffuser system 20. We also can use the method when single diffusers 21 have no rigid connection, and the diffusers system 20 is fixed by additional insert with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 1 , which is placed between the rear wall of the central barrier 18 and the diffusers system 20. It is clear that there are other appropriate methods for the diffusers system 20 fixation. The rear part outlet 3 of the casing 1 connected using internal thread (not shown) with an end of conical nozzle 27 that extends and has an opening 28 for bullet passing (Fig. 1, Fig. 6.) Additionally, a spot welding can be used to ensure fixation rigidity and the device design integrity in points of threaded joint of front 2 and rear 3 parts of casing 1.

[0014] The arms sound suppressor works as follows. After the bullet has left the barrel, combustion gases come into the tube 9 of separator 7 through the bullet channel 8. Then they move through openings 1 1 towards the first expansion chamber 4 to be expanded. While expanding, the combustion gases are placed into the mesh shell 13 made of stainless steel. Shell 13 extinguishes the sparks, reduces the combustion gases temperature and velocity. Then the combustion gases move into the second expansion chamber 5 and push the silencer and arms forward using the enclosure of the second expansion chamber. After the second expansion chamber 5, the combustion gases move to the receiver chamber 6, where they get splited: the larger flow passes through openings 26 in calibrated shims 25 of diffusers 21, allowing more turbulence for the combustion gases, and significantly reduces their speed, and the smaller flow deviates and twists, while moving through truncated cone 23 of diffusers 21, and further reduces the velocity of combustion gases. Through the opening 28 in the end conical nozzle 27, the combustion gases get released with a low speed and without muzzle flame.

[0015] Using the silencer for small-arms sound suppression by claimed invention provides a high degree of sound reduction, and absence of arms recoil when fired, and almost complete elimination of muzzle fire.

Claims

WHAT CLAIMED IS:

1. A silencer for small-arms sound suppression, which includes the outer casing (1) in the form of a hollow cylinder consisting of front (2) and rear (3) parts, inside of which two expansion chambers (4, 5) and receiver chamber (6) are formed, where the first expansion chamber (4) is formed by the inner shell of front part (2) of casing (1) and separator (7) with bullet channel (8) made as a tube (9) and a cartridge (10) connected with a tube (9), where the body cavity of the cartridge (10) is directed to the silencer outlet, a tube (9) of separator (7) has on all length the lateral through openings (1 1) that are perpendicular to the axis of passing of bullet, second expansion chamber (5) forms a separator cartridge (10) connected to front part (2) of casing (1) and to the central barrier (18) that is designed as a cartridge turned with its inside cavity to the silencer inlet opening, which has an opening (19) for bullet passing, and external thread for connecting to rear part (3) of casing (1), the receiver chamber (6) is formed by the inner shell of rear part (3) of casing (1) and diffuser system (20), where each diffuser (21) is designed in the form of adapter with a front part as a truncated cone (23) and cylindrical body (24) to that two calibrated shims (25) rigidly attached in parallel with the system of the through opening (26), wherein the diffuser system (20) creates additional expansion chambers, outlet of rear part (3) of casing (1) is connected to a thread equipped with expanding conical nozzle (27).

2. A silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a multilayer shell (13) made of stainless steel mesh or other suitable material which placed around the tube (9) of separator (7).