WO2017199122A1

WO2017199122A1 - Electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2017199122A1
Application number: PCT/IB2017/052653
Authority: WO
Inventors: ベリクヴィストヨハン
Original assignee: 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所
Priority date: 2016-05-18
Filing date: 2017-05-08
Publication date: 2017-11-23

Abstract

Provided is a highly-convenient electronic device. Further provided is an electronic device capable of providing a user with a sense of usability without a sense of discomfort. Further provided is an electronic device for which the design can be changed to the liking of a user. The electronic device comprises a first casing and a second casing. The first casing has a first surface and a second surface which is on the opposite side from the first surface. The second casing has a third surface and a fourth surface which is on the opposite side from the third surface. The first casing and the second casing are linked to each other side by side, and can deform into a form in which the first surface and the third surface are folded so as to face and overlap each other, and a form in which the first surface and the third surface are open so to be exposed. The first casing has a first display unit on the first surface, and a second display unit on the second surface. The second casing has a third display unit on the third surface. The second display unit has a function of maintaining the display of a still image without carrying out rewriting.

Description

Electronics

One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device including a display device.

Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input / output devices, and driving methods thereof , Or a method for producing them, can be mentioned as an example.

In recent years, electronic devices equipped with display devices have been diversified. For example, there are electronic devices such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet terminal, and a wearable device.

One such electronic device is an electronic book terminal. Unlike a tablet terminal or the like, an electronic book terminal is an electronic device specialized in a function that mainly displays character information. For example, while a tablet terminal is equipped with a liquid crystal panel capable of displaying a smooth moving image, an electronic book terminal is equipped with electronic paper capable of displaying a still image with low power.

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an active matrix type electronic paper using a transistor as a switching element of a pixel and a binder type electronic book using the same.

JP 2002-169190 A

An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly convenient electronic device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that can give a user a feeling of operation without feeling uncomfortable. Another object is to provide an electronic device with a feeling of operation similar to that of a book (also referred to as a book, a book, or a book). Another object is to provide an electronic device having a shape similar to a book. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device whose design can be changed in accordance with a user's preference.

Alternatively, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device in which high visibility is achieved regardless of external light. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device with reduced power consumption. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that can perform both smooth moving image display and still-eye still image display. Another object is to provide a novel electronic device.

One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including a first housing and a second housing. The first housing has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The second housing has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface. The first casing and the second casing are connected to each other side by side, and are folded in such a manner that the first surface and the third surface overlap each other, and the first surface and the second surface It can be deformed into a form that is open so that the third surface is exposed. The first housing has a first display portion on a first surface and a second display portion on a second surface. The second housing has a third display portion on the third surface. The second display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.

Further, in the above, it is preferable that the second housing has the fourth display portion on the fourth surface. At this time, it is preferable that the fourth display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.

Further, in the above, when the first housing and the second housing are folded, it is preferable to have a fifth display portion between the second surface and the fourth surface. At this time, it is preferable that the fifth display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.

In the above, it is preferable that the thickness of the first casing is thinner than that of the second casing.

Further, in the above, it is preferable to have a cover provided so as to cover the second surface and the fourth surface and having a function of transmitting light from the second display portion. At this time, the cover preferably includes paper.

In the above, the second display portion includes a microcapsule, an electrophoretic element, a nematic liquid crystal element, a cholesteric liquid crystal element, a ferroelectric liquid crystal element, an electrowetting element, an electrofluidic element, an electrochromic element, and a MEMS element. It is preferable to include one or more selected.

In the above, the first display portion and the third display portion are respectively a liquid crystal element, an organic EL element, a microcapsule, an electrophoretic element, an electrowetting element, an electrofluidic element, an electrochromic element, and a MEMS element. It is preferable that one or more selected from is included.

In the above, it is preferable that the first housing and the second housing each have a display panel in the first display portion or the third display portion. At this time, the display panel preferably includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal element, a light emitting element, and an insulating layer. At this time, the liquid crystal element is positioned between the second substrate and the insulating layer, the light-emitting element is positioned between the first substrate and the insulating layer, and the liquid crystal element emits light toward the second substrate side. The light-emitting element preferably has a function of reflecting light and emits light toward the second substrate.

Alternatively, in the above, it is preferable that the first housing and the second housing each have a display panel in the first display portion or the third display portion. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal element, a light emitting element, a first transistor, a second transistor, a first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer. It is preferable to have. The first transistor and the second transistor are located between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and the liquid crystal element is located between the second substrate and the second insulating layer. The light emitting element is preferably located between the first substrate and the first insulating layer. The liquid crystal element preferably has a function of being electrically connected to the first transistor and reflecting light toward the second substrate. The light-emitting element preferably has a function of being electrically connected to the second transistor and emitting light to the second substrate side.

In the above, the first housing or the second housing includes at least one of a battery module, a sensor module, a vibration module, a camera module, an external interface, a communication module, a speaker, a microphone, and a storage device. It is preferable.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a highly convenient electronic device can be provided. Alternatively, it is possible to provide an electronic device that can give the user a feeling of incongruity. Alternatively, an electronic device whose design can be changed according to the user's preference can be provided.

Alternatively, it is possible to provide an electronic device that achieves high visibility regardless of outside light. Alternatively, an electronic device with reduced power consumption can be provided. Alternatively, an electronic device that can display both a smooth moving image and a still image that is easy on the eyes can be provided. Alternatively, a new electronic device can be provided.

4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 4 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment. 3 shows a structure example of a display panel according to an embodiment. The circuit diagram of the display panel based on Embodiment. The circuit diagram of the display panel based on Embodiment. 3 shows a structure example of a display panel according to an embodiment. 3 shows a structure example of a display panel according to an embodiment.

Embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

Note that in the structures of the invention described below, the same portions or portions having similar functions are denoted by the same reference numerals in different drawings, and description thereof is not repeated. In addition, in the case where the same function is indicated, the hatch pattern is the same, and there is a case where no reference numeral is given.

Note that in each drawing described in this specification, the size, the layer thickness, or the region of each component is exaggerated for clarity in some cases. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to the scale.

In addition, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in this specification and the like are attached to avoid confusion between components and are not limited numerically.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, electronic devices of one embodiment of the present invention are described with reference to drawings.

[Configuration example of electronic equipment]
[Configuration example 1]
1A, 1B, and 1C are perspective schematic views of the electronic device 10, respectively. FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 folded in two, and FIG. 1B is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 in a state where two housings are opened. FIG. 1C is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 when FIG. 1B is viewed from the opposite side.

The electronic device 10 includes a housing 11 and a housing 12. The housing 11 and the housing 12 are arranged side by side and connected by a hinge portion 31. The housing 11 and the housing 12 can be relatively rotated around the axis of the hinge portion 31.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the housing 11 has a display unit 21, and the housing 12 has a display unit 22. In the electronic device 10, the housing 11 and the housing 12 are folded in two so that the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 face each other, and the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 are visible. In addition, the housing 11 and the housing 12 can be reversibly deformed between the opened state.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1C, the electronic device 10 has a display unit 23 on the surface of the housing 11 opposite to the display unit 21. As shown in FIG. 1A, the display unit 23 is disposed at a position that can be visually recognized by the user even when the electronic device 10 is folded.

Here, the display unit 23 preferably has lower power consumption than the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. In particular, a structure including a display element having a memory property is preferable because power consumption can be reduced.

Here, a display element having a memory property is a display element having a function of holding a still image display without rewriting. The display element having a memory property includes a display element that can display a still image in a state where power supply is stopped. Alternatively, the display element having a memory property includes a display element that can maintain a still image display with a constant voltage supplied. In addition, a display element having a memory property includes a display element in which display can be maintained without performing a refresh operation.

The longer the period during which a display element having a memory property can hold a display without refreshing or rewriting is better. For example, it can be maintained for a period of 1 second or longer, preferably 1 minute or longer, more preferably 1 hour or longer, and even more preferably 1 day or longer and 1 year or shorter. Here, the state in which the display is held can be, for example, a state in which the change in luminance is 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1% or less with respect to the luminance dynamic range. . Note that in the case of a reflective display element, the luminance may be replaced with reflectance.

As the display element having memory properties, display elements to which various bistable display technologies are applied can be used. A typical example of such a display element is electronic paper. Examples of the electronic paper method include particle movement type elements such as a microcapsule method, an electrophoretic (EPD) method, and an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) method. A display element using a bistable liquid crystal such as a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, or a ferroelectric liquid crystal element can also be used.

In addition, as a display element having a memory property, an electrowetting (EWD) element, an electrofluidic display (EFD) element, an electrochromic (ECD) element, a MEMS (MicroElectrical Display) element, or a MEMS (MicroElectrical Display) element. Etc. can be used. Examples of the MEMS element include a MEMS element using optical interference and a MEMS element using a shutter method.

By using such a display element for the display unit 23, a still image can be displayed on the display unit 23 with extremely low power when the electronic device 10 is closed.

Meanwhile, various types of display elements can be applied to the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 in accordance with the use of the electronic device 10.

For example, when the electronic device 10 is used as an electronic book terminal that mainly displays still images and character information, a display element having the same memory characteristics as the display unit 23 is applied to the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. Can do.

When smooth display of moving images is required for the display unit 21 and the display unit 22, for example, an organic EL (OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode) element, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) element, or a QLED (Quantum). A self-luminous light emitting element such as a -dot Light Emitting Diode) element can be used for the display element. Alternatively, a transmissive, reflective, or transflective liquid crystal element may be used.

In particular, it is preferable to apply a display panel having a display element using reflected light and a light emitting element to the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. As a more specific example, it is preferable to apply a reflective liquid crystal element and a transistor for driving the liquid crystal element between a pair of substrates, and a display panel having an organic EL element and a transistor for driving the organic EL element. By using such a display panel, display is performed with a reflective liquid crystal element when the outside light is bright, so that the display can be driven with excellent visibility and low power consumption. Further, when the outside light is dark, a vivid display can be performed by displaying with the organic EL element. Furthermore, by performing display with both a reflective liquid crystal element and an organic EL element, it is possible to perform display that achieves both low power consumption and clear display.

The electronic device 10 can execute an application that displays document information such as books on the display unit 21 and the display unit 22, for example. Since the user can read the electronic device 10 in an opened state, the list is excellent. Moreover, since the electronic device 10 can be folded when carrying, it is excellent in portability. The electronic device 10 can be suitably used not only as an electronic book terminal but also for a textbook, for example.

Further, different applications may be displayed on the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. For example, an application that displays document information can be displayed on one side, and an application such as an electronic mail can be displayed on the other side. In addition, an image functioning as a keyboard or a touch pad can be displayed on any one of the display portions. That is, by making one of the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 function as an input unit and the other function as a main display unit (main display), it can be used like a notebook computer or a game machine. Thus, by having two display portions when the electronic device 10 is opened, various functions can be realized as compared with the conventional electronic device.

In addition, it is preferable that no display is performed on the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 when the electronic device is closed. Specifically, it is preferable not to drive the pixels of the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. In the case where a display device having a backlight such as a transmissive liquid crystal device is used as the display portion 21 or the display portion 22, it is preferable that the backlight is not driven. By disabling the display portion that is not visible to the user when the electronic device 10 is closed (non-operation), the power consumption can be extremely reduced.

As a still image displayed on the display unit 23, for example, a still image corresponding to the cover of a book can be suitably displayed. For example, in addition to the picture used for the background, the title, author, publisher name, etc. of the book can be displayed. In this way, when the user is reading a document with the electronic device 10 opened, the title of the document can be shown to the person on the other side of the user. Even if the electronic device 10 is closed while the user has read the document halfway, since the title and the like are displayed on the display unit 23, it is possible to determine what document the user is reading. It is possible to remember without opening the electronic device 10.

Note that the display unit 23 is not limited to the above, and various displays can be performed. For example, notification of incoming calls such as e-mails, telephone calls, social networking services (SNS), titles such as e-mails and SNSs, sender names such as e-mails and SNSs, messages, date and time, time of playing voice and music Various information such as information, volume, temperature, remaining battery level, communication status, antenna reception intensity, file download status, and the like can be displayed. The display unit 23 may display icons associated with various applications, icons associated with various functions, operation buttons, or sliders. For example, there is an icon associated with a function for adjusting the volume and a function for fast-forwarding, fast-rewinding, or the like when playing back voice or music. Alternatively, an icon associated with a function for answering or holding a call when a call is received, or a function for canceling a state where the operation of the electronic device 10 is disabled (also referred to as a locked state) may be displayed.

Since the display unit 23 has a display element having a memory property, rewriting of the display only needs to be performed when a change occurs in the displayed image. For example, when performing time display, the power consumption accompanying rewriting can be made extremely small by rewriting the display every minute. In addition, information such as communication status, antenna reception strength, and temperature can be rewritten only when the information changes, so that the frequency of rewriting can be reduced and power consumption can be reduced.

Further, document information such as books may be displayed on the display unit 23. By using the electronic device 10 in a closed state, it can be suitably used in public places such as trains and buses.

A touch panel can be suitably used for the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. Thereby, touch operations such as a tap operation, a swipe operation, and a pinch operation can be performed by touching the display unit 21 and the display unit 22. Further, for example, when document information such as a book is displayed, the page can be switched by a swipe operation or the like, and the document information can be browsed by an operation close to an actual book.

In addition, it is preferable to apply a touch panel to the display unit 23. Thereby, it can be used like a tablet terminal etc. in the state which closed the electronic device 10. FIG.

Note that for the pixels of the display portion 21, the display portion 22, and the display portion 23, a driver circuit, and the like, it is preferable to use a transistor in which an oxide semiconductor is used for a channel formation region and an extremely low off-state current is realized. A transistor including an oxide semiconductor whose band gap is larger than that of silicon can hold charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time because of the low off-state current. For example, by applying such a transistor to a pixel, the driver circuit can be stopped while maintaining the gradation of a displayed image even when a display element having a memory property is not applied. As a result, an electronic device with extremely low power consumption can be realized.

[Modification 1]
Here, an example in which the housing 11 has two display portions is shown in FIG. 1A and the like, but the housing 12 may also have two display portions.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the display unit 24 is provided on the back surface of the housing 12 (the surface opposite to the surface on which the display unit 22 is provided).

As in the display unit 23, the display unit 24 is preferably provided with a display element having a memory property.

As the still image displayed on the display unit 24, for example, a still image corresponding to the back cover of a book can be suitably displayed. For example, in addition to a picture used for the background, an issuer name, an International Standard Book Number (ISBN), or a summary text can be displayed. Also, the title and author of the book may be displayed. By doing so, information similar to an actual book can be displayed on the display unit 23 and the display unit 24.

Note that an image corresponding to the back cover of the book can be displayed on the display unit 23, and an image corresponding to the cover of the book can be displayed on the display unit 24. For example, in the state shown in FIG. 2, in a horizontally written book written in English, for example, the display unit 23 is on the front cover side and the display unit 24 is on the back cover side. On the other hand, for example, in a vertically written book written in Japanese, the display unit 24 is on the front cover side and the display unit 23 is on the back cover side. Thus, it is preferable that the contents displayed on the display unit 23 and the display unit 24 are appropriately changed according to the type of book data, depending on the application executed by the electronic device 10.

[Configuration example 2]
If the electronic device 10 has a form closer to an actual book, the electronic device 10 can be used as an electronic device that allows the user to feel a sense of incongruity.

3A to 3D show an example of the electronic device 10 having a cover 32 that covers the housing 11 and the housing 12. 3A is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 in a closed state, and FIG. 3B is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 as viewed from the opposite side. 3C is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 in an opened state, and FIG. 3D is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 3C viewed from the opposite side.

The cover 32 is a part of the surface of the housing 11 on the side where the display unit 23 is provided, the surface of the housing 12 opposite to the display unit 22, and the side on which the housing 11 and the housing 12 are connected. , Provided to cover each side.

3, it is preferable that the size of the cover 32 is larger than that of the housing 11 and the housing 12 so that the cover 32 protrudes slightly from the housing 11 and the housing 12. Thereby, not only the form of the electronic device 10 can be brought close to an actual book, but also the housing 11 and the housing 12 can be protected by the cover 32.

In the portion where the display unit 23 is provided, the cover 32 preferably has an opening through which light from the display unit 23 is transmitted. Here, an opening may be formed by making a hole in the cover 32, or a part of the cover 32 may be formed of a light-transmitting material. Further, by matching the shape of the opening with the shape of the display unit 23, the entire display unit 23 can be used. In addition, the opening may be smaller than the display unit 23, and the shape is not limited to a rectangle, and the design can be improved by using various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.

Further, since the cover 32 is provided so as to cover the connecting portion between the housing 11 and the housing 12, the form of the electronic device 10 can be made closer to an actual book.

FIG. 4A shows an example in which the touch area 26a is provided outside the portion of the housing 11 where the display unit 21 is provided. Similarly, the touch region 26b is provided outside the portion of the housing 12 where the display unit 22 is provided.

Various touch sensors can be incorporated in the touch area 26a and the touch area 26b. For example, a touch sensor such as a capacitance method, a resistance film method, a surface acoustic wave method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, an optical method, or a pressure sensitive method can be used.

A gesture such as a touch operation, a tap operation, a swipe operation, and a pinch operation can be used as an input operation for the touch area 26a and the touch area 26b. For example, FIG. 4A shows a state where the touch area 26a is tapped. FIG. 4B shows a state where the touch area 26a is swiped.

For example, when document information is displayed on the display unit 21 and the display unit 22, the page is turned from right to left by an operation such as tapping or swiping the touch area 26a, and the touch area 26b is tapped. A function of turning the page from the left to the right by swiping or the like can be realized. Note that it may have a function of turning pages in the opposite direction, and it is preferable that the user can set which page is turned.

As described above, since the housing 11 and the housing 12 have the touch area 26a and the touch area 26b in addition to the display unit 21 and the display unit 22, an operation closer to an actual book can be performed.

In addition, the housing | casing 11 and the housing | casing 12 do not need to have the touch area | region 26a and the touch area | region 26b. In that case, it has a function of turning a page by an operation such as tapping or swiping a part of the display unit 21 and the display unit 22 (for example, a region having a width of about 1 cm to 5 cm on the outer peripheral side). Also good. FIG. 4C shows a state where a part of the display unit 21 is swiped.

[Modification 2]
5A to 5D are mainly different from the configuration illustrated in each drawing of FIG. 3 in that the display unit 24 and the display unit 25 are provided.

The display unit 24 is provided on the surface of the housing 12 opposite to the display unit 22. In addition, the display unit 25 includes a display unit 25 a that overlaps the side surface of the housing 11 and a display unit 25 b that overlaps the side surface of the housing 12.

For example, a still image corresponding to the spine of a book can be suitably displayed on the display unit 25. For example, in addition to the picture used for the background, the title, author, publisher name, etc. of the book can be displayed. By doing so, the electronic device 10 can be brought closer to an actual book form.

In the display unit 25, the display unit 25a and the display unit 25b may be configured by separate display panels, or may be configured by using a single flexible display panel.

Further, the display unit 25 can be provided in the housing 11 or the housing 12 and visible from the opening of the cover 32, similarly to the display unit 23 and the display unit 24. Alternatively, the cover 32 itself may have a display panel constituting the display unit 25.

Since the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 5A and the like is provided with display portions along the three surfaces of the cover 32, it is possible to display images corresponding to the front cover, the back cover, and the back cover, respectively. The electronic device 10 can be brought close to the form of the book.

Further, by changing the image displayed on the display unit provided along the three surfaces of the cover 32, the design of the electronic device 10 can be freely changed according to the user's preference. At this time, it is preferable that an application converts one image into three images for the display unit 23, the display unit 24, and the display unit 25, and displays the images on the respective display units. Alternatively, a texture image in which one image is periodically arranged may be displayed on each display unit.

[Configuration example 3]
FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 7 show examples of the electronic device 10 that is partially different from the above. 6A is a schematic perspective view in a state where the electronic device 10 is opened, and FIG. 6B is a schematic perspective view when FIG. 6A is viewed from the opposite side. FIG. 7A is a schematic perspective view of the electronic device 10 in a closed state.

The electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 6 (A) and the like has a binding portion 33. The binding portion 33 is a portion having a hinge portion 31 that connects the housing 11 and the housing 12, a part of the cover 32, and a protection portion 34, and the electronic device 10 is opened and closed. This is a portion that does not deform.

The protection part 34 is provided one by one at both ends of the hinge part 31, and has a function of protecting the hinge part 31 when the electronic device 10 is closed as shown in FIG. Further, by providing the protection unit 34 so that the surface of the protection unit 34 and the side surfaces of the housing 11 and the housing 12 are located on the same plane, a clean design can be achieved.

The binding part 33 is a part corresponding to the spine of a book, and is provided with a display part 25. By providing the display unit 25 in the binding unit 33, it is not necessary to deform the display unit 25, thereby improving reliability.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7A, it is preferable to have a bent portion 35 in a part of the cover 32. The bent portion 35 is a portion where the cover 32 is easily bent. For example, as the bent portion 35, a groove may be provided in a part of the cover 32 to reduce the thickness. Alternatively, the bent portion 35 may be a portion in which an elastic body such as rubber is applied to a part of the material of the cover 32, or a hinge may be provided on a part of the cover 32. A part of the cover 32 may be divided into two at the bent portion 35.

Here, although the example which has the display part 24 and the display part 25 was shown, as mentioned above, it is good also as a structure which does not have any one or both of these.

FIG. 7B shows an example in which the display unit 25 is provided across the two surfaces of the binding unit 33. At this time, it is preferable that the display unit 25 is configured by a single display panel having flexibility. Note that the display unit 25 may be provided across the three surfaces of the binding unit 33. Moreover, you may have the display part to which the display panel was applied individually to the 2nd surface or 3rd surface of the binding part 33, respectively.

[About the housing]
In the above, the casing 11 and the casing 12 are shown to have the same thickness, but the casing 11 and the casing 12 may have different thicknesses.

8A and 8B are schematic views of the electronic device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3D as viewed from the bottom side. FIG. 8A shows a state where the electronic device 10 is opened, and FIG. 8B shows a state where the electronic device 10 is closed. 8A and 8B, the thicknesses of the housing 11 and the housing 12 are approximately the same.

8C and 8D show an example in which the thickness of the housing 11 is made thinner than the housing 12 as compared with FIGS. 8A and 8B. Thus, by reducing the thickness of one housing, the thickness of the electronic device 10 itself can be reduced. Further, by reducing the thickness of the housing 11 located on the display side, the user can feel the same feeling as when an actual book is opened.

8E and 8F are examples in the case where the housing 11 is not provided. At this time, the display 32 and the display panel 23 may be incorporated in the cover 32. The display panels constituting the display unit 21 and the display unit 23 can be configured to be driven by a drive circuit provided in the housing 12.

In the configuration shown in FIGS. 8E and 8F, the display unit 21 and the display unit 23 may be configured by a single display panel. At this time, it is preferable to apply a display panel capable of double-sided display (also referred to as a dual display) as the display panel.

Here, it is preferable that the electronic device 10 has a thickness in a closed state of greater than 0 mm and 10 cm or less, preferably 1 mm or more and 5 cm or less, more preferably 3 mm or more and 3 cm or less, and further preferably 5 mm or more and 3 cm or less. By setting it as such thickness, since the electronic device 10 can be brought close to the size of an actual book, the user can be given a feeling of use without a sense of incongruity.

Further, in the closed state of the electronic device 10, the ratio of the width and height of 1: With 2 ^0.5, can be brought close to the actual production. For example, international standards B4 size (257 mm x 364 mm), B5 size (182 mm x 257 mm), B6 size (128 mm x 182 mm), Japanese standards A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm), A5 size (148 mm x 210 mm) ), A6 size (105 mm × 148 mm) or the like, or a size according to other international standards or standards unique to each country.

[Hardware configuration example of electronic equipment]
Below, the structural example of the hardware of the electronic device 10 is demonstrated.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the electronic device 10.

In the drawings attached to the present specification, the components are classified by function and the block diagram is shown as an independent block. However, it is difficult to completely separate actual components by function. A component may be related to a plurality of functions, or one function may be related to a plurality of components.

Further, the configuration of the electronic device 10 illustrated in FIG. 9 is an example, and it is not necessary to include all the components. The electronic device 10 only needs to have necessary constituent elements among the constituent elements illustrated in FIG. 9. Moreover, you may have components other than the component shown in FIG.

The electronic device 10 includes a housing 11 and a housing 12.

The housing 11 includes a calculation unit (CPU) 61, a touch panel 51, a touch panel 53, a storage device 64, a display controller 71, a touch sensor controller 72, a battery controller 73, a sound controller 76, an audio input unit 77, an audio output unit 78, and communication. A module 81, an antenna 82, an attitude detection unit 83, a shape detection unit 84, an external interface 85, a camera module 86, a vibration module 87, a sensor module 88, and the like are included.

The housing 12 includes a touch panel 52, a power receiving unit 74, a battery module 75, and the like.

Storage device 64, display controller 71, touch sensor controller 72, battery controller 73, sound controller 76, communication module 81, posture detection unit 83, shape detection unit 84, external interface 85, camera module 86, vibration module 87, sensor module 88 Are connected to the arithmetic unit 61 via a bus line 62, respectively.

The touch panel 51 corresponds to a display panel that constitutes the display unit 21. The touch panel 52 corresponds to a display panel that constitutes the display unit 22. The touch panel 53 corresponds to a display panel that constitutes the display unit 23.

The touch panel 52, the power receiving unit 74, and the battery module 75 can be operated by signals and power input from the housing 11. As a method for transmitting power and signals between two housings, an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) crossing between the housings can be used. Alternatively, the two housings may have terminals that can be electrically connected regardless of their positional relationship. Or it is good also as a structure which the wiring which transmits a signal and electric power extends in two adjacent housings via the inside of a hinge.

The calculation unit 61 can function as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU). The calculation unit 61 includes, for example, a storage device 64, a display controller 71, a touch sensor controller 72, a battery controller 73, a sound controller 76, a communication module 81, a posture detection unit 83, a shape detection unit 84, an external interface 85, a camera module 86, It has a function of controlling each component such as the vibration module 87 and the sensor module 88.

Signals are transmitted between the arithmetic unit 61 and each component via the bus line 62. The arithmetic unit 61 has a function of processing a signal input from each component connected via the bus line 62, a function of generating a signal output to each component, and the like. The component can be controlled centrally.

Note that a transistor in which an oxide semiconductor is used for a channel formation region and an extremely low off-state current is realized can be used for the arithmetic unit 61, an IC included in another component, or the like. Since the transistor has extremely low off-state current, the use of the transistor as a switch for holding charge (data) flowing into the capacitor functioning as a memory element can ensure a data holding period for a long time. it can. By using this characteristic for the register and cache memory of the arithmetic unit 61, the arithmetic unit 61 is operated only when necessary, and in other cases, the information of the immediately preceding process is saved in the storage element, thereby being normally off. Computing becomes possible, and the power consumption of the electronic device 10 can be reduced.

The calculation unit 61 performs various data processing and program control by interpreting and executing instructions from various programs by the processor. A program that can be executed by the processor may be stored in a memory area of the processor, or may be stored in the storage device 64.

As the calculation unit 61, other microprocessors such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) can be used alone or in combination as well as the CPU. Further, these microprocessors may be realized by PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array).

The calculation unit 61 may have a main memory. The main memory may include a volatile memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory).

As the RAM provided in the main memory, for example, a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is used, and a memory space is virtually allocated and used as a work space of the calculation unit 61. The operating system, application programs, program modules, program data, etc. stored in the storage device 64 are loaded into the RAM for execution. These data, programs, and program modules loaded in the RAM are directly accessed and operated by the arithmetic unit 61. In addition, characteristic data for calculating the position and orientation of the electronic device 10 and the relative positional relationship of the respective housings from data input from the posture detection unit 83, the shape detection unit 84, the sensor module 88, and the like. Alternatively, it may be read from the storage device 64 as a lookup table and stored in the main memory.

On the other hand, BIOS (Basic Input / Output System), firmware, etc. that do not require rewriting can be stored in the ROM. As ROM, mask ROM, OTPROM (One Time Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. can be used. Examples of EPROM include UV-EPROM (Ultra-Violet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), etc. that can erase stored data by ultraviolet irradiation.

As the storage device 64, for example, a non-volatile storage device such as a flash memory, an MRAM (Magnetorescent Random Access Memory), a PRAM (Phase change RAM), a ReRAM (Resistive RAM), or a FeRAM (Ferroelectric RAM) is applied. Alternatively, a storage device to which a volatile storage element such as DRAM (Dynamic Ram) or SRAM (Static RAM) is applied may be used. Further, for example, a recording medium drive such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD) may be used.

In addition, a storage device such as an HDD or an SSD that can be detached from the connector via the external interface 85, or a media drive of a recording medium such as a flash memory, a Blu-ray disc, or a DVD can be used as the storage device 64. Note that the storage device 64 may be used as the storage device 64 without being incorporated in the electronic device 10 and placed outside the electronic device 10. In that case, a configuration may be employed in which data is connected via the external interface 85 or data is exchanged by the communication module 81 by wireless communication.

The touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 are connected to a display controller 71 and a touch sensor controller 72, respectively. The display controller 71 and the touch sensor controller 72 are each connected to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62.

The display controller 71 controls the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 in accordance with a drawing instruction input from the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62 to display a predetermined image on these display surfaces.

The touch sensor controller 72 controls the touch sensors of the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 in response to a request from the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. In addition, a signal received by the touch sensor is output to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. Note that the touch sensor controller 72 may have a function of calculating information on the touch position from the signal received by the touch sensor, or may be calculated by the calculation unit 61.

The touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 can display an image based on a signal supplied from the display controller 71. The touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 detect that a detected object such as a finger or a stylus is approaching or touches based on a signal supplied from the touch sensor controller 72, and the position information is detected by the touch sensor. It can be output to the controller 72.

Moreover, it is preferable that the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, the touch panel 53, and the touch sensor controller 72 have a function of acquiring the distance in the height direction from the detection surface to the detected object. Moreover, it is preferable to have a function of acquiring the magnitude of pressure applied to the detection surface by the detection object. Moreover, it is preferable that the detected object has a function of acquiring the size of the surface in contact with the detection surface.

The touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 can be configured such that a module including a touch sensor is provided on the display surface side of the display panel. At this time, it is preferable that at least a part of the module including the touch sensor has flexibility and can be bent along the display panel. The module including the touch sensor and the display panel can be bonded with an adhesive or the like. Moreover, you may provide a polarizing plate and a buffer material (separator) between these. The thickness of the module including the touch sensor is preferably equal to or less than the thickness of the display panel.

The touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 may be a touch panel in which a display panel and a touch sensor are integrated. For example, an on-cell touch panel or an in-cell touch panel is preferable. An on-cell or in-cell touch panel can be thin and lightweight. Further, the on-cell or in-cell touch panel can reduce the number of components, and thus can reduce costs.

As the touch sensors included in the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53, various sensors that detect that a detection target such as a finger approaches or contacts can be applied. For example, a sensor to which a method such as a capacitance method, a resistance film method, a surface acoustic wave method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, or an optical method is applied can be used. In addition, an optical sensor using a photoelectric conversion element, a pressure sensor using a pressure sensitive element, or the like may be used. Moreover, you may have two or more types of sensors of a different system, and may have two or more sensors of the same system.

For example, a capacitive touch sensor includes a pair of conductive layers. A pair of conductive layers is capacitively coupled. Detection can be performed by utilizing the fact that the capacitance of the pair of conductive layers changes due to the object to be detected touching, pressing, or approaching the pair of conductive layers.

As the capacitance method, there are a surface capacitance method, a projection capacitance method, and the like. As the projected capacitance method, there are a self-capacitance method, a mutual capacitance method, etc. mainly due to a difference in driving method. The mutual capacitance method is preferable because simultaneous multipoint detection is easy.

Further, instead of the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, or the touch panel 53, a display panel that does not have a function as a touch sensor may be applied.

As the flexible touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, the touch panel 53, the display panel, the touch sensor, and the like, for example, flexible on a substrate that supports a display element, a circuit that drives the display element, a circuit that constitutes the touch sensor, or the like. This can be realized by using a substrate having a property. It is preferable to apply a flexible substrate to the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 because the electronic device 10 can be lightened.

An organic resin can be typically used as a flexible substrate material. In addition, glass, metal, alloy, semiconductor, or the like thin enough to have flexibility can be used. Alternatively, a composite material or a stacked material containing two or more of organic resin, glass, metal, alloy, semiconductor, and the like can be used.

The battery controller 73 can manage the charging state of the battery module 75. The battery controller 73 supplies power from the battery module 75 to each component. The power receiving unit 74 has a function of receiving power supplied from the outside and charging the battery module 75. The battery controller 73 can control the operation of the power receiving unit 74 according to the state of charge of the battery module 75.

The battery module 75 includes, for example, one or more primary batteries and secondary batteries. Examples of the secondary battery that can be used for the battery module 75 include a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery. In addition to such a battery, the battery module 75 may be provided with a protection circuit that prevents overcharge and overdischarge of the battery.

When used in a house or the like, an AC power source (AC) may be used as an external power source. In particular, when the electronic device 10 is used separately from an external power source, the battery module 75 that has a large charge / discharge capacity and enables the electronic device 10 to be used for a long time is desirable. When charging the battery module 75, a charger that can supply power to the electronic device 10 may be used. At this time, charging may be performed by a wired method using a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connector or an AC adapter, or by a wireless power feeding method such as an electric field coupling method, an electromagnetic induction method, an electromagnetic resonance (electromagnetic resonance coupling) method, or the like. It is good also as a structure which charges.

The battery controller 73 may have, for example, a battery management unit (BMU). BMU collects battery cell voltage and cell temperature data, monitors overcharge and overdischarge, controls the cell balancer, manages battery deterioration, calculates remaining battery charge (State Of Charge: SOC), controls fault detection, etc. I do.

The battery controller 73 performs control for transmitting power from the battery module 75 to each component via a power supply line (not shown). The battery controller 73 can be configured to include, for example, a multi-channel power converter, an inverter, a protection circuit, and the like.

The battery module 75 is preferably arranged so as to overlap the touch panel 52. At this time, in the case where the casing (here, the casing 12) in which the battery module 75 is incorporated is flexible and can be bent and used, at least a part of the battery module 75 is also used. It is preferable to have flexibility. Examples of secondary batteries applicable to the battery module 75 include lithium ion secondary batteries and lithium ion polymer secondary batteries. In order to give flexibility to these batteries, a laminate bag may be used for the battery outer container.

Films used in laminated bags are metal films (aluminum, stainless steel, nickel steel, etc.), plastic films made of organic materials, hybrid material films containing organic materials (organic resins, fibers, etc.) and inorganic materials (ceramics, etc.), carbon-containing A single layer film selected from inorganic films (carbon film, graphite film, etc.) or a laminated film composed of a plurality of these is used. A metal film is easy to emboss, and when the embossing is performed to form a concave portion or a convex portion, the surface area of the film that comes into contact with the outside air is increased, so that the heat dissipation effect is excellent.

Particularly, when a laminate bag having a metal film in which concave portions and convex portions are formed by embossing is used as the laminate bag, strain caused by stress applied to the laminate bag can be reduced. As a result, it is preferable because problems such as the laminate bag being torn when the secondary battery is bent can be effectively reduced.

Moreover, it is preferable that the battery controller 73 has a low power consumption function. For example, as a low power consumption function, it is detected that there is no input for a certain period of time in the electronic device 10, and the clock frequency of the calculation unit 61 is reduced or clock input is stopped, the operation of the calculation unit 61 itself is stopped Examples include stopping the operation of the auxiliary memory and reducing power consumption by reducing power supplied to each component. Such a function can be executed only by the battery controller 73 or in conjunction with the calculation unit 61.

The voice input unit 77 has, for example, a microphone and a voice input connector. The audio output unit 78 includes, for example, a speaker and an audio output connector. The audio input unit 77 and the audio output unit 78 are each connected to the sound controller 76 and connected to the arithmetic unit 61 via the bus line 62. The sound data input to the sound input unit 77 is converted into a digital signal by the sound controller 76 and processed by the sound controller 76 and the calculation unit 61. On the other hand, the sound controller 76 generates an analog audio signal audible to the user in response to a command from the calculation unit 61 and outputs the analog audio signal to the audio output unit 78. An audio output connector such as an earphone, a headphone, or a headset can be connected to the audio output connector of the audio output unit 78, and audio generated by the sound controller 76 is output to the device.

The communication module 81 can communicate via the antenna 82. For example, a control signal for connecting the electronic device 10 to the computer network is controlled according to a command from the arithmetic unit 61, and the signal is transmitted to the computer network. As a result, the Internet, intranet, extranet, PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), CAN (Campus Area Network), and MAN (MetroAporeNetwork) are the foundations of the World Wide Web (WWW). Communication can be performed by connecting the electronic device 10 to a computer network such as Wide Area Network) or GAN (Global Area Network). When a plurality of methods are used as the communication method, a plurality of antennas 82 may be provided depending on the communication method.

The communication module 81 may be provided with, for example, a high frequency circuit (RF circuit) to transmit and receive RF signals. The high-frequency circuit is a circuit for mutually converting an electromagnetic signal and an electric signal in a frequency band determined by the legislation of each country and performing communication with other communication devices wirelessly using the electromagnetic signal. Several tens of kHz to several tens of GHz is generally used as a practical frequency band. The high-frequency circuit connected to the antenna 82 includes a high-frequency circuit unit corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands, and the high-frequency circuit unit includes an amplifier (amplifier), a mixer, a filter, a DSP, an RF transceiver, and the like. Can do. When performing wireless communication, as communication protocols or communication technologies, LTE (Long Term Evolution), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication: registered trademark), EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolvement, CDMA Emulsion, CDMA Emulsion) , Communication standards such as W-CDMA (registered trademark), or specifications standardized by IEEE such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark) can be used.

Further, the communication module 81 may have a function of connecting the electronic device 10 to a telephone line. When making a call through the telephone line, the communication module 81 controls a connection signal for connecting the electronic device 10 to the telephone line in accordance with a command from the arithmetic unit 61 and transmits the signal to the telephone line. To do.

The communication module 81 may include a tuner that generates video signals to be output to the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 from the broadcast radio wave received by the antenna 82. For example, the tuner can include a demodulation circuit, an A / D conversion circuit (analog-digital conversion circuit), a decoder circuit, and the like. The demodulation circuit has a function of demodulating a signal input from the antenna 82. The A-D conversion circuit has a function of converting the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. The decoder circuit has a function of decoding video data included in the digital signal and generating a signal to be transmitted to the display controller 71.

Further, the decoder may have a configuration including a dividing circuit and a plurality of processors. The dividing circuit has a function of dividing input video data spatially and temporally and outputting the divided data to each processor. The plurality of processors decode the input video data and generate a signal to be transmitted to the display controller 71. As described above, by applying a configuration in which data is processed in parallel by a plurality of processors as a decoder, video data with an extremely large amount of information can be decoded. In particular, when displaying video having a resolution exceeding full high-definition, it is preferable that the decoder circuit for decoding the compressed data has a processor having extremely high processing speed. For example, the decoder circuit preferably includes a plurality of processors capable of parallel processing of 4 or more, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 16 or more. The decoder may include a circuit that separates a video signal included in the input signal and other signals (character information, program information, authentication information, and the like).

Broadcast radio waves that can be received by the antenna 82 include terrestrial waves or radio waves transmitted from satellites. Broadcast radio waves that can be received by the antenna 82 include analog broadcast, digital broadcast, etc., and video and audio, or audio-only broadcast. For example, broadcast radio waves transmitted in a specific frequency band in the UHF band (about 300 MHz to 3 GHz) or the VHF band (30 MHz to 300 MHz) can be received. In addition, for example, by using a plurality of data received in a plurality of frequency bands, the transfer rate can be increased and more information can be obtained. Thereby, an image having a resolution exceeding full high-definition can be displayed on the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53. For example, an image having a resolution of 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher can be displayed.

Further, the tuner may be configured to generate a signal to be transmitted to the display controller 71 using broadcast data transmitted by a data transmission technique via a computer network. At this time, when the signal to be received is a digital signal, the tuner may not include the demodulation circuit and the A-D conversion circuit.

The attitude detection unit 83 has a function of detecting the tilt and attitude of the electronic device 10. For example, as the posture detection unit 83, an acceleration sensor, an angular velocity sensor, a vibration sensor, a pressure sensor, a gyro sensor, or the like can be used. A combination of a plurality of these sensors may be used.

The shape detection unit 84 has a function of detecting two states, a state where the two housings are closed and a state where they are opened. The shape detection unit 84 has a function of outputting the information to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. As the shape detection unit 84, for example, a physical switch that detects a closed state of the housing 11 and the housing 12 can be used.

Also, a method of optically detecting the closed state and the open state of the two housings may be used. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which a light receiving element is arranged in one of two adjacent housings, and detection is performed using the fact that external light is shielded when these are closed. Alternatively, a light receiving element is arranged on one surface of two adjacent housings, and a light source is arranged on the other surface, so that when the light receiving element is in a closed state or an open state, It is good also as a structure which detects using the light from which it enters, or it stops entering. At this time, it is preferable to use infrared rays as light from the light source because it is not visually recognized by the user.

In addition, the shape detection unit 84 may have a function of detecting a relative angle (position information) between the housing 11 and the housing 12 and outputting the information to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. .

For example, a configuration in which a sensor similar to the posture detection unit 83 is disposed in the housing 12 may be employed. When the information on the inclination and orientation of the casing 12 acquired by the shape detection unit 84 is input to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62, the calculation unit 61 detects the case 11 detected by the posture detection unit 83. The relative positional relationship between the housing 11 and the housing 12 can be calculated from the information on the tilt and orientation and the information on the tilt and orientation of the housing 12.

Alternatively, the shape detection unit 84 may be configured to detect the relative position of the two housings connected by the hinge unit 31 by detecting the rotation angle of the hinge unit 31 exemplified in the above configuration example. . At this time, it can be set as the structure which detects the rotation angle with respect to each rotating shaft of the hinge part 31 mechanically, optically, magnetically, or electrically.

The configuration of the shape detection unit 84 is not limited to this, and any mechanical, electromagnetic, thermal, acoustic, chemical, or chemical can be used as long as the relative positional relationship between two adjacent cases can be detected. Various sensors to which an appropriate means is applied can be used.

Examples of the external interface 85 include one or more buttons and switches (also referred to as a housing switch) provided on the housing 11 or the housing 12, and an external port to which other input components can be connected. The external interface 85 is connected to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. Case switches include a switch associated with power on / off, a volume control button, a camera shooting button, and the like.

Also, the external port of the external interface 85 can be configured to be connected to an external device such as a computer or printer via a cable. A typical example is a USB terminal. The external port may include a LAN (Local Area Network) connection terminal, a digital broadcast reception terminal, a terminal for connecting an AC adapter, and the like. In addition to a wired connection, a configuration may be provided in which a transceiver for optical communication using infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, or the like is provided.

The camera module 86 is connected to the calculation unit 61 via the bus line 62. For example, a still image or a moving image can be taken in conjunction with a switch provided on the housing being pressed or a touch operation on the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53. The camera module 86 may have a light source for photographing. For example, a lamp such as a xenon lamp, a light emitting element such as an LED or an organic EL, or the like can be used. Alternatively, light emitted from the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53 may be used as a light source for photographing. In that case, light of various colors as well as white light may be used as the light source for photographing. Good.

The vibration module 87 includes a vibration element that vibrates the electronic device 10 and a vibration controller that controls the vibration element. As the vibration element, an element that can convert an electric signal or a magnetic signal into vibration, such as a vibration motor (eccentric motor), a resonance actuator, a magnetostrictive element, or a piezoelectric element, can be used.

The vibration module 87 can vibrate the electronic device 10 with various vibration patterns by controlling the vibration frequency, amplitude, period of vibration, and the like of the vibration element according to a command from the calculation unit 61. For example, vibration associated with the operation of a housing switch, vibration associated with activation of the electronic device 10, vibration associated with video or audio played by a video playback application, vibration associated with incoming e-mail The vibration module 87 can generate vibrations of various vibration patterns based on operations executed in various applications such as vibrations linked to input operations to the touch panel 51, the touch panel 52, and the touch panel 53.

The sensor module 88 has a sensor unit and a sensor controller. The sensor controller supplies power from the battery module 75 or the like to the sensor unit. The sensor controller receives an input from the sensor unit, converts it into a control signal, and outputs the control signal to the arithmetic unit 61 via the bus line 62. In the sensor controller, error management of the sensor unit may be performed, or calibration processing of the sensor unit may be performed. The sensor controller may include a plurality of controllers that control the sensor unit.

The sensor module 88 includes, for example, force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, It is good also as a structure provided with the various sensors which have the function to measure flow volume, humidity, inclination, a vibration, an odor, or infrared rays.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a configuration in which the battery module 75 and the power receiving unit 74 are arranged in the casing 12 in addition to the touch panel 52, and other components are collected in the casing 11. With such a configuration, the size of the battery module that can be arranged in the housing 12 can be increased, and the frequency of charging the electronic device 10 can be reduced. Note that another battery module may be arranged in the space in the housing 11.

Although not shown here, a display panel or a touch panel constituting the display unit 24 may be provided in the housing 12. Further, a display panel or a touch panel constituting the display unit 25 may be provided in the housing 11 or the housing 12.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 8E and 8F, when the housing 11 is not provided, all components other than the touch panel 51 and the touch panel 52 are arranged in the housing 12, and the touch panel 51 and the touch panel 52 are arranged. May be provided on the cover 32.

9 illustrates an example in which the touch panel 52, the power receiving unit 74, and the battery module 75 are provided in the housing 12, these may be provided in the housing 11, or the housing 11 and the housing. 12 may be provided in both. Similarly, each component provided in the housing 11 may be provided in the housing 12 or may be provided in both the housing 11 and the housing 12.

The above is an explanation of an example of the hardware configuration of the electronic device 10.

Note that at least part of this embodiment can be implemented in combination with any of the other embodiments described in this specification as appropriate.

(Embodiment 2)
Examples of display panels that can be used for the display portion and the like of the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention are described below. The display panel exemplified below is a display panel that includes both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element and can perform both transmission mode and reflection mode displays.

[Configuration example]
FIG. 10A is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the display panel 200. The display panel 200 includes a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in a matrix on the display portion 162. The display panel 200 includes a circuit GD and a circuit SD. In addition, a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in the direction R, and a plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, and a plurality of wirings CSCOM electrically connected to the circuit GD are provided. In addition, a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in the direction C and a plurality of wirings S1 and a plurality of wirings S2 electrically connected to the circuit SD are provided.

The pixel 210 includes a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. In the pixel 210, the liquid crystal element and the light-emitting element have portions that overlap each other.

FIG. 10B1 illustrates a configuration example of the conductive layer 111b included in the pixel 210. The conductive layer 111b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 210. In addition, an opening 251 is provided in the conductive layer 111b.

In FIG. 10B1, the light-emitting element 160 located in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 111b is indicated by a broken line. The light-emitting element 160 is disposed so as to overlap with the opening 251 included in the conductive layer 111b. Thereby, the light emitted from the light emitting element 160 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 251.

In FIG. 10 (B1), the pixels 210 adjacent in the direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10B1, in the plurality of pixels arranged in the direction R, the plurality of openings 251 may be provided at different positions on the conductive layer 111b so as not to be arranged in a straight line. preferable. Accordingly, the two adjacent light emitting elements 160 can be separated from each other, and a phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which light emitted from the light emitting elements 160 enters the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 210 can be suppressed. . In addition, since the two adjacent light emitting elements 160 can be arranged apart from each other, a high-definition display panel can be realized even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 160 is separately formed using a shadow mask or the like.

Alternatively, an arrangement as shown in FIG. 10 (B2) may be used.

If the ratio of the total area of the opening 251 to the total area of the non-opening is too large, the display using the liquid crystal element becomes dark. In addition, if the value of the ratio of the total area of the opening 251 to the total area of the non-opening is too small, the display using the light emitting element 160 becomes dark.

If the area of the opening 251 provided in the conductive layer 111b functioning as a reflective electrode is too small, the efficiency of light that can be extracted from the light emitted from the light emitting element 160 is lowered.

The shape of the opening 251 can be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. Moreover, it is good also as an elongated streak shape, a slit shape, and a checkered shape. Further, the opening 251 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the opening 251 is arranged close to other pixels that display the same color. Thereby, crosstalk can be suppressed.

[Circuit configuration example]
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the pixel 210. In FIG. 11, two adjacent pixels 210 are shown.

The pixel 210 includes a switch SW1, a capacitor element C1, a liquid crystal element 140, a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitor element C2, a light emitting element 160, and the like. In addition, a wiring G1, a wiring G2, a wiring ANO, a wiring CSCOM, a wiring S1, and a wiring S2 are electrically connected to the pixel 210. In FIG. 11, a wiring VCOM1 electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 140 and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light emitting element 160 are illustrated.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switch SW1 and the switch SW2.

The switch SW1 has a gate connected to the wiring G1, a source or drain connected to the wiring S1, and the other source or drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 140. Yes. The other electrode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 140 is connected to the wiring VCOM1.

The switch SW2 has a gate connected to the wiring G2, one of the source and the drain connected to the wiring S2, and the other of the source and the drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2 and the gate of the transistor M. The other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M and the wiring ANO. In the transistor M, the other of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 160. The other electrode of the light emitting element 160 is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected. As a result, the current that can be passed by the transistor M can be increased.

The signal which controls switch SW1 to a conduction | electrical_connection state or a non-conduction state can be given to wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 140 can be supplied to the wiring S1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring CSCOM.

The signal which controls switch SW2 to a conduction | electrical_connection state or a non-conduction state can be given to wiring G2. The wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO can each be supplied with a potential at which a potential difference generated by the light emitting element 160 emits light. A signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be supplied to the wiring S2.

For example, when performing display in a reflection mode, the pixel 210 illustrated in FIG. 11 is driven by a signal applied to the wiring G1 and the wiring S1, and can display using optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 140. In the case where display is performed in the transmissive mode, display can be performed by driving the light-emitting element 160 to emit light by driving the signals to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2. In the case of driving in both modes, the driving can be performed by signals given to the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2.

Note that although FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which one pixel 210 includes one liquid crystal element 140 and one light emitting element 160, the present invention is not limited thereto. FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which one pixel 210 includes one liquid crystal element 140 and four light emitting elements 160. A pixel 210 illustrated in FIG. 12 is a pixel capable of full color display with one pixel, unlike FIG.

12, in addition to the example of FIG. 11, a wiring G3 and a wiring S3 are connected to the pixel 210.

In the example shown in FIG. 12, for example, the four light emitting elements 160 can be light emitting elements that exhibit red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W), respectively. As the liquid crystal element 140, a reflective liquid crystal element exhibiting white can be used. Thereby, when displaying in reflection mode, white display with high reflectance can be performed. In addition, when display is performed in the transmissive mode, display with high color rendering properties can be performed with low power.

[Display panel configuration example]
FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the display panel 100 of one embodiment of the present invention. The display panel 100 has a configuration in which a substrate 151 and a substrate 161 are bonded to each other. In FIG. 13, the substrate 161 is clearly indicated by a broken line.

The display panel 100 includes a display unit 162, a circuit 164, a wiring 165, and the like. The substrate 151 is provided with, for example, a circuit 164, a wiring 165, a conductive layer 111b that functions as a pixel electrode, and the like. FIG. 13 shows an example in which an IC 173 and an FPC 172 are mounted on a substrate 151. Therefore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 13 can be said to be a display module including the display panel 100, the FPC 172, and the IC 173.

As the circuit 164, for example, a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit can be used.

The wiring 165 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display unit and the circuit 164. The signal and power are input to the wiring 165 from the outside or the IC 173 through the FPC 172.

FIG. 13 shows an example in which the IC 173 is provided on the substrate 151 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. As the IC 173, for example, an IC having a function as a scan line driver circuit, a signal line driver circuit, or the like can be used. Note that when the display panel 100 includes a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit, or a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit is provided outside, the display panel 100 is driven via the FPC 172. In the case of inputting a signal for doing so, the IC 173 may be omitted. Further, the IC 173 may be mounted on the FPC 172 by a COF (Chip On Film) method or the like.

FIG. 13 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 162. In the display portion 162, conductive layers 111b included in the plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix. The conductive layer 111b has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element 140 described later.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the conductive layer 111b has an opening. Further, the light-emitting element 160 is provided on the substrate 151 side with respect to the conductive layer 111b. Light from the light-emitting element 160 is emitted to the substrate 161 side through the opening of the conductive layer 111b.

[Section configuration example]
FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a cross section of the display panel illustrated in FIG. 13 when a part of the region including the FPC 172, a part of the region including the circuit 164, and a part of the region including the display portion 162 are cut. Show.

The display panel has an insulating layer 220 between the substrate 151 and the substrate 161. In addition, the light-emitting element 160, the transistor 201, the transistor 205, the transistor 206, the coloring layer 134, and the like are provided between the substrate 151 and the insulating layer 220. In addition, the liquid crystal element 140, the coloring layer 131, and the like are provided between the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 161. The substrate 161 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 141, and the substrate 151 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 142.

The transistor 206 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 140, and the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the light emitting element 160. Since both the transistor 205 and the transistor 206 are formed over the surface of the insulating layer 220 on the substrate 151 side, they can be manufactured using the same process.

The substrate 161 is provided with a colored layer 131, a light shielding layer 132, an insulating layer 121, a conductive layer 113 functioning as a common electrode of the liquid crystal element 140, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, and the like. The insulating layer 117 functions as a spacer for maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 140.

The insulating layer 220 is provided with insulating layers such as an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, an insulating layer 214, and an insulating layer 215 on the substrate 151 side. A part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor. The insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 are provided so as to cover each transistor. An insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the insulating layer 214. The insulating layer 214 and the insulating layer 215 function as a planarization layer. Note that although the case where the insulating layer covering the transistor and the like has three layers of the insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 is described here, the number of layers is not limited to this, and four or more layers may be used. It may be a layer or two layers. The insulating layer 214 functioning as a planarization layer is not necessarily provided if not necessary.

The transistor 201, the transistor 205, and the transistor 206 each include a conductive layer 221 that partially functions as a gate, a conductive layer 222 that partially functions as a source or a drain, and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, the same hatching pattern is given to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.

The liquid crystal element 140 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 140 has a stacked structure in which a conductive layer 111a, a liquid crystal 112, and a conductive layer 113 are stacked. In addition, a conductive layer 111b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the conductive layer 111a on the substrate 151 side. The conductive layer 111 b has an opening 251. The conductive layer 111a and the conductive layer 113 include a material that transmits visible light. An alignment film 133 a is provided between the liquid crystal 112 and the conductive layer 111 a, and an alignment film 133 b is provided between the liquid crystal 112 and the conductive layer 113. In addition, a polarizing plate 130 is provided on the outer surface of the substrate 161.

In the liquid crystal element 140, the conductive layer 111b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the conductive layer 113 has a function of transmitting visible light. Light incident from the substrate 161 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 130, passes through the conductive layer 113 and the liquid crystal 112, and is reflected by the conductive layer 111b. Then, the light passes through the liquid crystal 112 and the conductive layer 113 again and reaches the polarizing plate 130. At this time, alignment of liquid crystal can be controlled by a voltage applied between the conductive layer 111b and the conductive layer 113, and optical modulation of light can be controlled. That is, the intensity of light emitted through the polarizing plate 130 can be controlled. In addition, light that is not in a specific wavelength region is absorbed by the colored layer 131, so that the extracted light is, for example, red light.

The light emitting element 160 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. The light-emitting element 160 has a stacked structure in which a conductive layer 191, an EL layer 192, and a conductive layer 193b are stacked in this order from the insulating layer 220 side. A conductive layer 193a is provided to cover the conductive layer 193b. The conductive layer 193b includes a material that reflects visible light, and the conductive layer 191 and the conductive layer 193a include a material that transmits visible light. Light emitted from the light-emitting element 160 is emitted to the substrate 161 side through the coloring layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 251, the conductive layer 113, and the like.

Here, as shown in FIG. 14, the opening 251 is preferably provided with a conductive layer 111a that transmits visible light. Accordingly, since the liquid crystal 112 is aligned in the region overlapping with the opening 251 similarly to the other regions, alignment failure of the liquid crystal occurs at the boundary portion between these regions, and unintended light leakage can be suppressed.

Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 130 disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 161, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used. As a circularly-polarizing plate, what laminated | stacked the linearly-polarizing plate and the quarter wavelength phase difference plate, for example can be used. Thereby, external light reflection can be suppressed. In addition, a desired contrast may be realized by adjusting a cell gap, an alignment, a driving voltage, and the like of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 140 according to the type of the polarizing plate.

An insulating layer 217 is provided over the insulating layer 216 that covers the end portion of the conductive layer 191. The insulating layer 217 has a function as a spacer for suppressing the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 151 from approaching more than necessary. In the case where the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a are formed using a shielding mask (metal mask), the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a may have a function of suppressing contact of the shielding mask with a formation surface. Note that the insulating layer 217 is not necessarily provided if not necessary.

One of the source and the drain of the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 191 of the light-emitting element 160 through the conductive layer 224.

One of the source and the drain of the transistor 206 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 111b through the connection portion 207. The conductive layer 111b and the conductive layer 111a are provided in contact with each other and are electrically connected. Here, the connection portion 207 is a portion that connects the conductive layers provided on both surfaces of the insulating layer 220 through openings provided in the insulating layer 220.

A connecting portion 204 is provided in a region where the substrate 151 and the substrate 161 do not overlap. The connection portion 204 is electrically connected to the FPC 172 through the connection layer 242. The connection unit 204 has the same configuration as the connection unit 207. A conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 111a is exposed on the upper surface of the connection portion 204. Accordingly, the connection unit 204 and the FPC 172 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

The connection part 252 is provided in the one part area | region in which the contact bonding layer 141 is provided. In the connection portion 252, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 111 a and a part of the conductive layer 113 are electrically connected to each other by a connection body 243. Therefore, a signal or a potential input from the FPC 172 connected to the substrate 151 side can be supplied to the conductive layer 113 formed on the substrate 161 side through the connection portion 252.

As the connection body 243, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. In addition, it is preferable to use particles in which two or more kinds of metal materials are coated in layers, such as further coating nickel with gold. Further, it is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformed or plastically deformed as the connection body 243. At this time, the connection body 243, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. By doing so, the contact area between the connection body 243 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connection body 243 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of problems such as connection failure can be suppressed.

The connection body 243 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 141. For example, the connection body 243 may be dispersed in the adhesive layer 141 before curing.

FIG. 14 shows an example in which a transistor 201 is provided as an example of the circuit 164.

In FIG. 14, as an example of the transistor 201 and the transistor 205, a configuration in which a semiconductor layer 231 in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied. One gate is formed of a conductive layer 221, and the other gate is formed of a conductive layer 223 that overlaps with the semiconductor layer 231 with an insulating layer 212 interposed therebetween. With such a structure, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled. At this time, the transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal thereto. Such a transistor can have higher field-effect mobility than other transistors, and can increase on-state current. As a result, a circuit that can be driven at high speed can be manufactured. Furthermore, the area occupied by the circuit portion can be reduced. By applying a transistor with a large on-state current, signal delay in each wiring can be reduced and display unevenness can be suppressed even if the number of wirings increases when the display panel is increased in size or definition. can do.

Note that the transistor included in the circuit 164 and the transistor included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure. In addition, the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 164 may have the same structure or may be combined with different structures. In addition, the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure or may be combined with different structures.

At least one of the insulating layer 212 and the insulating layer 213 that covers each transistor is preferably made of a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen hardly diffuse. That is, the insulating layer 212 or the insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. With such a structure, it is possible to effectively prevent impurities from diffusing from the outside to the transistor, and a highly reliable display panel can be realized.

On the substrate 161 side, an insulating layer 121 is provided so as to cover the colored layer 131 and the light shielding layer 132. The insulating layer 121 may function as a planarization layer. Since the surface of the conductive layer 113 can be substantially flattened by the insulating layer 121, the alignment state of the liquid crystal 112 can be made uniform.

An example of a method for manufacturing the display panel 100 will be described. For example, the conductive layer 111a, the conductive layer 111b, and the insulating layer 220 are formed in this order over a supporting substrate having a separation layer, and after that, the transistor 205, the transistor 206, the light-emitting element 160, and the like are formed, and then the substrate is formed using the adhesive layer 142. 151 and a support substrate are bonded together. Thereafter, the supporting substrate and the peeling layer are removed by peeling at the interfaces of the peeling layer and the insulating layer 220 and between the peeling layer and the conductive layer 111a. Separately, a substrate 161 on which a colored layer 131, a light shielding layer 132, a conductive layer 113, and the like are formed in advance is prepared. Then, the liquid crystal 112 is dropped on the substrate 151 or the substrate 161, and the substrate 151 and the substrate 161 are bonded to each other with the adhesive layer 141, whereby the display panel 100 can be manufactured.

As the peeling layer, a material that causes peeling at the interface between the insulating layer 220 and the conductive layer 111a can be appropriately selected. In particular, a layer containing a refractory metal material such as tungsten and a layer containing an oxide of the metal material are stacked as the peeling layer, and silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride oxide is used as the insulating layer 220 over the peeling layer. It is preferable to use a layer in which a plurality of such layers are stacked. When a refractory metal material is used for the separation layer, the formation temperature of a layer formed later can be increased, the impurity concentration is reduced, and a highly reliable display panel can be realized.

As the conductive layer 111a, an oxide or a nitride such as a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a low-resistance oxide semiconductor is preferably used. In the case of using an oxide semiconductor, a material in which at least one of the concentration of hydrogen, boron, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other impurities, and the amount of oxygen vacancies is higher than that of a semiconductor layer used in a transistor is used. Can be used.

[About each component]
Below, each component shown above is demonstrated.

〔substrate〕
A substrate having a flat surface can be used for the substrate included in the display panel. For the substrate from which light from the display element is extracted, a material that transmits the light is used. For example, materials such as glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, and organic resin can be used.

By using a thin substrate, the display panel can be reduced in weight and thickness. Furthermore, a flexible display panel can be realized by using a flexible substrate.

Further, since the substrate on the side from which light emission is not extracted does not have to be translucent, a metal substrate or the like can be used in addition to the above-described substrates. A metal substrate is preferable because it has high thermal conductivity and can easily conduct heat to the entire substrate, which can suppress a local temperature increase of the display panel. In order to obtain flexibility and bendability, the thickness of the metal substrate is preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 20 μm to 50 μm.

The material constituting the metal substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, or nickel, an aluminum alloy, an alloy such as stainless steel, or the like can be preferably used.

Alternatively, a substrate that has been subjected to insulation treatment by oxidizing the surface of the metal substrate or forming an insulating film on the surface may be used. For example, the insulating film may be formed by using a coating method such as a spin coating method or a dip method, an electrodeposition method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method, or it is left in an oxygen atmosphere or heated, or an anodic oxidation method. For example, an oxide film may be formed on the surface of the substrate.

Examples of the material having flexibility and transparency to visible light include, for example, glass having a thickness having flexibility, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyacrylonitrile resin. , Polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin Etc. In particular, a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient is preferably used. For example, a polyamideimide resin, a polyimide resin, PET, or the like having a thermal expansion coefficient of 30 × 10 ⁻⁶ / K or less can be suitably used. Further, a substrate in which glass fiber is impregnated with an organic resin, or a substrate in which an inorganic filler is mixed with an organic resin to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient can be used. Since a substrate using such a material is light in weight, a display panel using the substrate can be lightweight.

When the above material contains a fibrous body, the fibrous body uses high strength fibers of an organic compound or an inorganic compound. The high-strength fiber specifically refers to a fiber having a high tensile modulus or Young's modulus, and representative examples include polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, Examples include polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers. Examples of the glass fiber include glass fibers using E glass, S glass, D glass, Q glass, and the like. These may be used in the form of a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric, and a structure obtained by impregnating the fiber body with a resin and curing the resin may be used as a flexible substrate. When a structure made of a fibrous body and a resin is used as the flexible substrate, it is preferable because reliability against breakage due to bending or local pressing is improved.

Alternatively, glass or metal that is thin enough to be flexible can be used for the substrate. Alternatively, a composite material in which glass and a resin material are bonded to each other with an adhesive layer may be used.

A hard coat layer (for example, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide) that protects the surface of the display panel from scratches, a layer of a material that can disperse the pressure (for example, aramid resin), etc. on a flexible substrate It may be laminated. In order to suppress a decrease in the lifetime of the display element due to moisture or the like, an insulating film with low water permeability may be stacked over a flexible substrate. For example, an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride can be used.

The substrate can be used by laminating a plurality of layers. In particular, when the glass layer is used, the barrier property against water and oxygen can be improved and a highly reliable display panel can be obtained.

[Transistor]
The transistor includes a conductive layer that functions as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a conductive layer that functions as a source electrode, a conductive layer that functions as a drain electrode, and an insulating layer that functions as a gate insulating layer. The above shows the case where a bottom-gate transistor is applied.

Note that there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention. For example, a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, or an inverted staggered transistor may be used. Further, a top-gate or bottom-gate transistor structure may be employed. Alternatively, gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.

There is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for the transistor, and any of an amorphous semiconductor and a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region) is used. May be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.

In addition, as a semiconductor material used for the transistor, for example, a group 14 element (silicon, germanium, or the like), a compound semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor can be used for the semiconductor layer. Typically, a semiconductor containing silicon, a semiconductor containing gallium arsenide, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, or the like can be used.

In particular, it is preferable to use a semiconductor material having a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon because current in the off-state of the transistor can be reduced.

In particular, the semiconductor layer has a plurality of crystal parts, and the crystal part has a c-axis oriented substantially perpendicular to the formation surface of the semiconductor layer or the top surface of the semiconductor layer, and there is no grain between adjacent crystal parts. It is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor whose boundary cannot be confirmed.

Since such an oxide semiconductor does not have a crystal grain boundary, cracks in the oxide semiconductor film due to stress when the display panel is bent is suppressed. Therefore, such an oxide semiconductor can be favorably used for a display panel which is flexible and curved.

In addition, by using an oxide semiconductor having such crystallinity as the semiconductor layer, a change in electrical characteristics is suppressed and a highly reliable transistor can be realized.

In addition, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor having a band gap larger than that of silicon can hold charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time because of the low off-state current. . By applying such a transistor to a pixel, the driving circuit can be stopped while maintaining the gradation of each pixel. As a result, a display device with extremely reduced power consumption can be realized.

The semiconductor layer is represented by an In-M-Zn-based oxide containing at least indium, zinc, and M (metal such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium, or hafnium). It is preferable to include a film. In addition, in order to reduce variation in electrical characteristics of the transistor including the oxide semiconductor, a stabilizer is preferably included together with the transistor.

Examples of the stabilizer include the metals described in M above, and examples include gallium, tin, hafnium, aluminum, and zirconium. Other stabilizers include lanthanoids such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.

As an oxide semiconductor included in the semiconductor layer, for example, an In—Ga—Zn-based oxide, an In—Al—Zn-based oxide, an In—Sn—Zn-based oxide, an In—Hf—Zn-based oxide, an In— La-Zn oxide, In-Ce-Zn oxide, In-Pr-Zn oxide, In-Nd-Zn oxide, In-Sm-Zn oxide, In-Eu-Zn oxide In-Gd-Zn-based oxide, In-Tb-Zn-based oxide, In-Dy-Zn-based oxide, In-Ho-Zn-based oxide, In-Er-Zn-based oxide, In-Tm -Zn oxide, In-Yb-Zn oxide, In-Lu-Zn oxide, In-Sn-Ga-Zn oxide, In-Hf-Ga-Zn oxide, In-Al- Ga-Zn-based oxide, In-Sn-Al-Zn-based oxide, In-Sn-Hf-Zn Oxide, can be used In-Hf-Al-Zn-based oxide.

Note that here, the In—Ga—Zn-based oxide means an oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn as main components, and the ratio of In, Ga, and Zn is not limited. Moreover, metal elements other than In, Ga, and Zn may be contained.

Further, the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer may have the same metal element among the above oxides. Manufacturing costs can be reduced by using the same metal element for the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer. For example, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by using metal oxide targets having the same metal composition. Further, an etching gas or an etching solution for processing the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer can be used in common. However, the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer may have different compositions even if they have the same metal element. For example, a metal element in a film may be detached during a manufacturing process of a transistor and a capacitor to have a different metal composition.

The oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer preferably has an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more. In this manner, off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using an oxide semiconductor with a wide energy gap.

In the case where the oxide semiconductor included in the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn oxide, the atomic ratio of the metal elements of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ≧ M, Zn ≧ It is preferable to satisfy M. As the atomic ratio of the metal elements of such a sputtering target, In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1, In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1.2, In: M: Zn = 3: 1: 2, 4: 2: 3, 4: 2: 4.1, and the like are preferable. Note that the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target as an error.

As the semiconductor layer, an oxide semiconductor film with low carrier density is used. For example, the semiconductor layer has a carrier density of 1 × 10 ¹⁷ / cm ³ or less, preferably 1 × 10 ¹⁵ / cm ³ or less, more preferably 1 × 10 ¹³ / cm ³ or less, more preferably 1 × 10 ¹¹ / cm 3. ³ or less, more preferably less than 1 × 10 ¹⁰ / cm ³ , and an oxide semiconductor of 1 × 10 ⁻⁹ / cm ³ or more can be used. Such an oxide semiconductor is referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor. Accordingly, it can be said that the oxide semiconductor has stable characteristics because the impurity concentration is low and the density of defect states is low.

Note that, without limitation thereto, a transistor having an appropriate composition may be used depending on required semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (such as field-effect mobility and threshold voltage) of a transistor. In addition, in order to obtain the required semiconductor characteristics of the transistor, it is preferable that the semiconductor layer have appropriate carrier density, impurity concentration, defect density, atomic ratio of metal element to oxygen, interatomic distance, density, and the like. .

If an oxide semiconductor included in the semiconductor layer contains silicon or carbon which is one of Group 14 elements, oxygen vacancies increase in the semiconductor layer and the semiconductor layer becomes n-type. Therefore, the concentration of silicon or carbon in the semiconductor layer (concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) is 2 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁷ atoms / cm ³ or less.

Further, when alkali metal and alkaline earth metal are combined with an oxide semiconductor, carriers may be generated, which may increase off-state current of the transistor. Therefore, the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer is set to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁶ atoms / cm ³ or less.

In addition, when nitrogen is contained in the oxide semiconductor included in the semiconductor layer, electrons serving as carriers are generated, the carrier density is increased, and the oxide semiconductor is likely to be n-type. As a result, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing nitrogen is likely to be normally on. For this reason, it is preferable that the nitrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer is 5 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less.

Further, the semiconductor layer may have a non-single crystal structure, for example. The non-single crystal structure is, for example, a CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, C-Axis Aligned and A-B-Plane Annealed Crystalline Oxide Crystal Structure, Amorphous Crystal Structure, Amorphous Crystal Structure, or Amorphous Crystal Structure). Includes structure. In the non-single-crystal structure, the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect states, and the CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect states.

An amorphous oxide semiconductor film has, for example, disordered atomic arrangement and no crystal component. Alternatively, an amorphous oxide film has, for example, a completely amorphous structure and does not have a crystal part.

Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film including two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. Good. For example, the mixed film may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions.

Alternatively, silicon is preferably used for a semiconductor in which a transistor channel is formed. Although amorphous silicon may be used as silicon, it is particularly preferable to use silicon having crystallinity. For example, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like is preferably used. In particular, polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single crystal silicon, and has higher field effect mobility and higher reliability than amorphous silicon. By applying such a polycrystalline semiconductor to a pixel, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be improved. Even in the case of a display portion with extremely high definition, the gate driver circuit and the source driver circuit can be formed over the same substrate as the pixel, and the number of components included in the electronic device can be reduced.

The bottom-gate transistor exemplified in this embodiment is preferable because the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced. At this time, since amorphous silicon can be used at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon, it is possible to use a material having low heat resistance as a material for wiring, electrodes, and substrates below the semiconductor layer. Can widen the choice of materials. For example, a glass substrate having an extremely large area can be suitably used. On the other hand, a top-gate transistor is preferable because an impurity region can be easily formed in a self-aligned manner and variation in characteristics can be reduced. At this time, it is particularly suitable when polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon or the like is used.

[Conductive layer]
In addition to the gate, source, and drain of a transistor, materials that can be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, A metal such as tantalum or tungsten, or an alloy containing the same as a main component can be given. A film containing any of these materials can be used as a single layer or a stacked structure. For example, a single layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon, a two layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked on a titanium film, a two layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked on a tungsten film, and a copper film on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film Two-layer structure to stack, two-layer structure to stack copper film on titanium film, two-layer structure to stack copper film on tungsten film, titanium film or titanium nitride film, and aluminum film or copper film on top of it A three-layer structure for forming a titanium film or a titanium nitride film thereon, a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, and an aluminum film or a copper film stacked thereon, and a molybdenum film or a There is a three-layer structure for forming a molybdenum nitride film. Note that an oxide such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used. Further, it is preferable to use copper containing manganese because the controllability of the shape by etching is increased.

Further, as the light-transmitting conductive material, conductive oxide such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or graphene can be used. Alternatively, a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, or an alloy material containing the metal material can be used. Alternatively, a nitride (eg, titanium nitride) of the metal material may be used. Note that in the case where a metal material or an alloy material (or a nitride thereof) is used, it may be thin enough to have a light-transmitting property. In addition, a stacked film of the above materials can be used as a conductive layer. For example, it is preferable to use a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased. These can also be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting the display device and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes and common electrodes) included in the display element.

[Insulating layer]
Insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include, for example, resins such as acrylic and epoxy, resins having a siloxane bond, and inorganic insulation such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide. Materials can also be used.

The light-emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability. Thereby, impurities such as water can be prevented from entering the light emitting element, and a decrease in reliability of the apparatus can be suppressed.

Examples of the low water-permeable insulating film include a film containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon nitride oxide film, and a film containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film. Alternatively, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used.

For example, the water vapor transmission rate of an insulating film with low water permeability is 1 × 10 ⁻⁵ [g / (m ² · day)] or less, preferably 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ [g / (m ² · day)] or less, More preferably, it is 1 × 10 ⁻⁷ [g / (m ² · day)] or less, and further preferably 1 × 10 ⁻⁸ [g / (m ² · day)] or less.

[Liquid crystal element]
As the liquid crystal element, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA: Vertical Alignment) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical alignment mode, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used.

Further, liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used as the liquid crystal elements. For example, in addition to the VA mode, TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, ASM (Axially Symmetrical Aligned Micro-cell) mode A liquid crystal element to which an FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, an AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, or the like is applied can be used.

The liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal. Note that the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field). As the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element, a thermotropic liquid crystal, a low molecular liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like is used. Can do. These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.

Also, as the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and an optimal liquid crystal material may be used according to the mode and design to be applied.

Also, an alignment film can be provided to control the alignment of the liquid crystal. Note that in the case of employing a horizontal electric field mode, liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used. The blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases. When the temperature of the cholesteric liquid crystal is increased, the blue phase appears immediately before the transition from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase. Since the blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, a liquid crystal composition mixed with several percent by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic. In addition, a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency. Further, since it is not necessary to provide an alignment film, a rubbing process is not required, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process can be reduced. .

As the liquid crystal element, a transmissive liquid crystal element, a reflective liquid crystal element, a transflective liquid crystal element, or the like can be used.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used.

In the case of using a transmissive or transflective liquid crystal element, two polarizing plates are provided so as to sandwich a pair of substrates. A backlight is provided outside the polarizing plate. The backlight may be a direct type backlight or an edge light type backlight. It is preferable to use a direct-type backlight including an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because local dimming is facilitated and contrast can be increased. An edge light type backlight is preferably used because the thickness of the module including the backlight can be reduced.
Therefore, it is preferable.

When a reflective liquid crystal element is used, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. Separately from this, it is preferable to arrange a light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.

In the case of using a reflective or transflective liquid crystal element, a front light may be provided outside the polarizing plate. As the front light, an edge light type front light is preferably used. It is preferable to use a front light including an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because power consumption can be reduced.

[Light emitting element]
As the light-emitting element, an element capable of self-emission can be used, and an element whose luminance is controlled by current or voltage is included in its category. For example, an LED, a QLED, an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, or the like can be used.

The light emitting element includes a top emission type, a bottom emission type, and a dual emission type. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode from which light is extracted. In addition, a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode from which light is not extracted.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a bottom emission type light emitting element can be used in particular.

The EL layer has at least a light emitting layer. The EL layer is a layer other than the light-emitting layer, such as a substance having a high hole injection property, a substance having a high hole transport property, a hole blocking material, a substance having a high electron transport property, a substance having a high electron injection property, or a bipolar property. A layer including a substance (a substance having a high electron transporting property and a high hole transporting property) and the like may be further included.

The EL layer can use either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound, and may contain an inorganic compound. The layers constituting the EL layer can be formed by a method such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an ink jet method, or a coating method.

When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light emitting element is applied between the cathode and the anode, holes are injected into the EL layer from the anode side, and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes are recombined in the EL layer, and the light-emitting substance contained in the EL layer emits light.

When a white light emitting element is applied as the light emitting element, it is preferable that the EL layer includes two or more kinds of light emitting substances. For example, white light emission can be obtained by selecting the light emitting material so that the light emission of each of the two or more light emitting materials has a complementary color relationship. For example, a light emitting material that emits light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange), or spectral components of two or more colors of R, G, and B It is preferable that 2 or more are included among the luminescent substances which show light emission containing. In addition, it is preferable to apply a light-emitting element whose emission spectrum from the light-emitting element has two or more peaks in a wavelength range of visible light (for example, 350 nm to 750 nm). The emission spectrum of the material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region is preferably a material having spectral components in the green and red wavelength regions.

The EL layer preferably has a structure in which a light-emitting layer including a light-emitting material that emits one color and a light-emitting layer including a light-emitting material that emits another color are stacked. For example, the plurality of light emitting layers in the EL layer may be stacked in contact with each other, or may be stacked through a region not including any light emitting material. For example, a region including the same material (for example, a host material or an assist material) as the fluorescent light emitting layer or the phosphorescent light emitting layer and not including any light emitting material is provided between the fluorescent light emitting layer and the phosphorescent light emitting layer. Also good. This facilitates the production of the light emitting element and reduces the driving voltage.

The light-emitting element may be a single element having one EL layer or a tandem element in which a plurality of EL layers are stacked with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween.

Note that the above-described light-emitting layer and a layer containing a substance having a high hole-injecting property, a substance having a high hole-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-injecting property, a bipolar substance, Each may have an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot or a polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.). For example, a quantum dot can be used for a light emitting layer to function as a light emitting material.

As the quantum dot material, a colloidal quantum dot material, an alloy type quantum dot material, a core / shell type quantum dot material, a core type quantum dot material, or the like can be used. Alternatively, a material including an element group of Group 12 and Group 16, Group 13 and Group 15, or Group 14 and Group 16 may be used. Alternatively, a quantum dot material containing an element such as cadmium, selenium, zinc, sulfur, phosphorus, indium, tellurium, lead, gallium, arsenic, or aluminum may be used.

The conductive film that transmits visible light can be formed using, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or the like. In addition, a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, an alloy including these metal materials, or a nitride of these metal materials (for example, Titanium nitride) can also be used by forming it thin enough to have translucency. In addition, a stacked film of the above materials can be used as a conductive layer. For example, it is preferable to use a stacked film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased. Further, graphene or the like may be used.

For the conductive film that reflects visible light, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or an alloy including these metal materials is used. Can do. In addition, lanthanum, neodymium, germanium, or the like may be added to the metal material or alloy. Alternatively, titanium, nickel, or neodymium and an alloy containing aluminum (aluminum alloy) may be used. Alternatively, an alloy containing copper, palladium, or magnesium and silver may be used. An alloy containing silver and copper is preferable because of its high heat resistance. Furthermore, oxidation can be suppressed by stacking a metal film or a metal oxide film in contact with the aluminum film or the aluminum alloy film. Examples of materials for such metal films and metal oxide films include titanium and titanium oxide. Alternatively, the conductive film that transmits visible light and a film made of a metal material may be stacked. For example, a laminated film of silver and indium tin oxide, a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide, or the like can be used.

Each electrode may be formed using a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method. In addition, it can be formed using a discharge method such as an inkjet method, a printing method such as a screen printing method, or a plating method.

[Adhesive layer]
As the adhesive layer, various curable adhesives such as an ultraviolet curable photocurable adhesive, a reactive curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, and an anaerobic adhesive can be used. Examples of these adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like. In particular, a material with low moisture permeability such as an epoxy resin is preferable. Alternatively, a two-component mixed resin may be used. Further, an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.

Further, the resin may contain a desiccant. For example, a substance that adsorbs moisture by chemical adsorption, such as an alkaline earth metal oxide (such as calcium oxide or barium oxide), can be used. Alternatively, a substance that adsorbs moisture by physical adsorption, such as zeolite or silica gel, may be used. The inclusion of a desiccant is preferable because impurities such as moisture can be prevented from entering the element and the reliability of the display panel is improved.

Also, the light extraction efficiency can be improved by mixing a filler having a high refractive index or a light scattering member with the resin. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, zirconium, or the like can be used.

(Connection layer)
As the connection layer, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), or the like can be used.

(Colored layer)
Examples of materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, resin materials containing pigments or dyes, and the like.

[Light shielding layer]
Examples of the material that can be used for the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, metal, metal oxide, and composite oxide containing a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides. The light shielding layer may be a film containing a resin material or a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. Alternatively, a stacked film of a film containing a material for the colored layer can be used for the light shielding layer. For example, a stacked structure of a film including a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of a certain color and a film including a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of another color can be used. It is preferable to use a common material for the coloring layer and the light-shielding layer because the apparatus can be shared and the process can be simplified.

The above is an explanation of each component.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electronic device 11 Case 12 Case 21 Display part 22 Display part 23 Display part 24 Display part 25 Display part

25a Display part

25b Display part 31 Hinge part 32 Cover 33 Binding part 34 Protection part 35 Bending part 51 Touch panel 52 Touch panel 53 Touch panel 61 arithmetic unit 62 bus line 64 storage device 71 display controller 72 touch sensor controller 73 battery controller 74 power receiving unit 75 battery module 76 sound controller 77 audio input unit 78 audio output unit 81 communication module 82 antenna 83 posture detection unit 84 shape detection unit 85 External interface 86 Camera module 87 Vibration module 88 Sensor module 100 Display panel 111a Conductive layer 111b Conductive layer 112 Liquid crystal 113 Electrical layer 117 Insulating layer 121 Insulating layer 130 Polarizing plate 131 Colored layer 132 Light shielding layer 133a Aligned film 133b Aligned film 134 Colored layer 140 Liquid crystal element 141 Adhesive layer 142 Adhesive layer 151 Substrate 160 Light emitting element 161 Substrate 162 Display portion 164 Circuit 165 Wiring 172 FPC
173 IC
191 conductive layer 192 EL layer 193a conductive layer 193b conductive layer 200 display panel 201 transistor 204 connecting portion 205 transistor 206 transistor 207 connecting portion 210 pixel 211 insulating layer 212 insulating layer 213 insulating layer 214 insulating layer 215 insulating layer 216 insulating layer 217 insulating layer 220 Insulating layer 221 Conductive layer 222 Conductive layer 223 Conductive layer 224 Conductive layer 231 Semiconductor layer 242 Connection layer 243 Connection body 251 Opening 252 Connection portion

Claims

An electronic device having a first housing and a second housing,
The first housing has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface,
The second housing has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface,
The first housing and the second housing are connected side by side,
The first housing and the second housing are folded so that the first surface and the third surface face each other and overlap each other, and the first surface and the third surface And can be transformed into an open form so that the surface of
The first housing has a first display unit on the first surface and a second display unit on the second surface;
The second casing has a third display portion on the third surface,
The second display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.
Electronics.
In claim 1,
The second casing has a fourth display portion on the fourth surface,
The fourth display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.
Electronics.
In claim 1,
When the first housing and the second housing are folded, a fifth display portion is provided between the second surface and the fourth surface,
The fifth display unit has a function of holding a still image display without rewriting.
Electronics.
In claim 1,
The first casing is thinner than the second casing;
Electronics.
In claim 1,
In the form in which the first casing and the second casing are folded,
The thickness is greater than 0 mm and 10 cm or less,
Electronics.
In claim 1,
Has a cover,
The cover is provided to cover the second surface and the fourth surface,
The cover has a function of transmitting light from the second display unit.
Electronics.
In claim 6,
The cover includes paper,
Electronics.
In claim 1,
The second display unit is one selected from a microcapsule, an electrophoretic element, a nematic liquid crystal element, a cholesteric liquid crystal element, a ferroelectric liquid crystal element, an electrowetting element, an electrofluidic element, an electrochromic element, and a MEMS element. Including the above,
Electronics.
In claim 1,
The first display unit and the third display unit are each selected from a liquid crystal element, an organic EL element, a microcapsule, an electrophoretic element, an electrowetting element, an electrofluidic element, an electrochromic element, and a MEMS element. Including one or more,
Electronics.
In claim 1,
Each of the first casing and the second casing has a display panel in the first display section or the third display section,
The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal element, a light emitting element, and an insulating layer.
The liquid crystal element is located between the second substrate and the insulating layer;
The light emitting element is located between the first substrate and the insulating layer,
The liquid crystal element has a function of reflecting light to the second substrate side,
The light emitting element has a function of emitting light to the second substrate side.
Electronics.
In claim 1,
Each of the first casing and the second casing has a display panel in the first display section or the third display section,
The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal element, a light emitting element, a first transistor, a second transistor, a first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer. Have
The first transistor and the second transistor are located between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer,
The liquid crystal element is located between the second substrate and the second insulating layer,
The light emitting element is located between the first substrate and the first insulating layer,
The liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the first transistor and has a function of reflecting light toward the second substrate;
The light-emitting element is electrically connected to the second transistor and has a function of emitting light to the second substrate side.
Electronics.
In claim 1,
The first casing or the second casing includes at least one of a battery module, a sensor module, a vibration module, a camera module, an external interface, a communication module, a speaker, a microphone, a CPU, and a storage device.
Electronics.