WO2017193799A1

WO2017193799A1 - Method and apparatus for implementing qos management

Info

Publication number: WO2017193799A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/081488
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陶峑郡; 吴瑟
Original assignee: 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date: 2016-05-09
Filing date: 2017-04-21
Publication date: 2017-11-16
Also published as: CN107360585A

Abstract

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for implementing QoS management. A PEMP perceives a packet on a service chain path, and if the perception of the packet on the service chain path does not satisfy preset requirements, gives an alarm to a network control element. After receiving the alarm from the PEMP, the network control element pre-determines a possible fault in a network area between the alarming PEMP and a backward PEMP thereof, and instructs a forwarding device in the network area to confirm a device state.

Description

Method and device for implementing QoS management

Technical field

The present application relates to, but is not limited to, a mobile broadband system technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for implementing Quality of Service (QoS) management.

Background technique

The development of mobile communications has had a tremendous impact on people's lifestyles, working methods, and the political and economic aspects of society. With the entry of human society into an efficient information age, the demand for business applications in all aspects has exploded, and the future wireless mobile bandwidth system has brought enormous challenges in frequency, technology and operation.

The fifth generation (5G) mobile broadband system will become a wireless mobile communication system for the needs of the human information society. The 5G mobile broadband system is a multi-service and multi-technology convergence network. Through the evolution and innovation of technology, it can meet the future wide range of data and connections. The various businesses are constantly evolving to enhance the user experience. With the increase of the bandwidth and capabilities of wireless mobile communication systems, mobile Internet and IoT applications for individuals and industries are also developing rapidly, and the ecology of mobile communication related industries will undergo important changes. Wireless mobile communication technology and computer and information technology will be more closely and deeper cross-integration, integrated circuits, device technology, software technology, etc. will continue to develop rapidly to support the future development of 5G mobile broadband industry.

According to social responsibilities and functions, end users, business applications and network operations, the future 5G vision analysis, from the technical point of view to summarize the key capability requirements of 5G are as follows:

On the one hand, based on the growth trend of data traffic in mobile communication networks in recent years, the industry predicts that by 2020, the total global mobile data traffic will reach 1000 times of the total mobile data traffic in 2010. This requires a throughput capacity per unit area, especially in the busy hour throughput capacity, which is also 1000 times higher and needs to reach 100 Gbps/km2 or more.

On the other hand, the scope of 5G network users will expand greatly in the future. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the industry expects that the number of connected devices will reach 500-100 billion by 2020. This requires that the number of devices supported in the unit coverage area will increase greatly, and in some scenarios, 5G shifts per unit area. The number of devices connected to the network is 1 million/km2, which is 100 times higher than that of 4G.

In addition, 5G networks need to provide users with an online experience at any time, and meet more high-value scenarios such as industrial control, emergency communications and so on. In this way, on the one hand, it is required to further reduce the user plane delay and control plane delay, which is 5 to 10 times shorter than 4G, reaching the limit of human response such as 5ms (tactile response), and providing a true always-on experience. On the other hand, some businesses that are related to people's lives and major property security require end-to-end reliability to be increased to 99.999% or even 100%.

The existing fourth-generation (4G) all-IP packet core network (EPC, Evolved Packet Core), Evolved Packet System (EPS) quality of service (QoS) management architecture is shown in Figure 1.

The existing QoS management is mainly controlled by the terminal, the base station, and the packet gateway. The QoS parameters subscribed by the user are transmitted to the terminal, the base station, and the packet through the control plane signaling by the control network element, such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME). Nodes and other nodes, this processing mechanism mainly has the following problems:

There is no real end-to-end QoS guarantee service link between the terminal and the server. As shown in Figure 1, the transmission network between the base station and the packet gateway, and the packet gateway and the external server do not achieve perfect QoS guarantee. In order to implement QoS management, the terminal, the base station, and the packet gateway forwarding plane device need to establish a bearer connection and save the state information of the bearer, which undoubtedly increases the complexity of the forwarding device and may eventually affect the forwarding performance of the forwarding device.

Summary of invention

The following is an overview of the topics detailed in this document. This Summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

The present application provides a method and apparatus for implementing QoS management, which can reduce the complexity of the forwarding device and improve the forwarding performance of the forwarding device.

In a first aspect, the application provides a method for implementing QoS management, including:

Policy Execution Monitoring Point (PEMP) perceives packets on the service chain path;

If the packet sensing on the service link path does not meet the preset requirements, the network control network element is alerted.

In an exemplary embodiment, before the PEMP is aware of the packet on the service chain path, the method may further include: the PEMP sensing whether the service chain path is busy;

The packet is a service chain data stream when the service chain path is busy, and the packet is a default packet when the service chain path is in an idle state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the packet on the PEMP-aware service chain path may include: determining, by the PEMP, whether the service chain data flow is perceived within a preset duration of a preset timer or a preset duration threshold or Default message.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the service chain path is in an idle state, the method may further include:

When the PEMP is the first PEMP in the service chain path, a default packet is generated, and the default packet is forwarded to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier in the default packet.

In an exemplary embodiment, the default message is a fixed length message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sensing of the packet on the service chain path does not satisfy the preset requirement may include:

When the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow is not perceived within the timer duration or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path is considered Does not meet the preset requirements;

If the service chain path is in an idle state, if the default packet is not detected within the preset duration of the timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet on the service chain path is considered to be Perception does not meet the preset requirements.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include: if the service chain data flow or the default message is perceived within a timing duration of the timer or within a preset duration threshold, the PEMP will receive The incoming service chain data flow or default packet is forwarded to the next hop PEMP.

In a second aspect, the application further provides a method for implementing QoS management, including:

The network control network element receives the alarm from the PEMP, and the network area between the PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty.

Indicates that the forwarding device of the network area confirms the device status.

In an exemplary embodiment, the forwarding device indicating the network area confirming the device status may include: indicating a switching device of the network area and a PEMP confirming device status.

In a third aspect, the present application further provides an apparatus for implementing QoS management, including: a sensing module, and a first processing module;

The sensing module is configured to sense packets on the service chain path;

The first processing module is configured to notify the network control network element when the sensing of the packet on the service chain path does not meet the preset requirement.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sensing module may be configured to: when the service chain path is busy, real-time detection of a service chain data flow to sense a message on a service chain path; when the service chain path is In the idle state, the default packet is detected to sense packets on the service chain path.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first processing module may be configured to:

When the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow is not perceived within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet sense on the service chain path is considered not to be Meet the preset requirements;

When the service chain path is in an idle state, if the default packet is not detected within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path is considered. Does not meet the preset requirements.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first processing module may be further configured to: if the service chain data flow is detected or within the preset duration of the preset timer or within the preset duration threshold The default packet forwards the received service chain data stream or the default packet to the next hop PEMP.

In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus may be provided in a PEMP or as a separate entity.

In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides an apparatus for implementing QoS management, including: a pre-judging module and a second processing module;

The pre-judging module is configured to receive an alarm from the PEMP, and the network area between the PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty;

The second processing module is configured to instruct the forwarding device of the network area to confirm the device status.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second processing module may be configured to instruct the switching device of the network area and the PEMP to confirm the device status.

In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus may be provided in a network control network element or as a separate entity.

The present application also provides a machine readable medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method of implementing QoS management of the first aspect described above.

The application further provides a machine readable medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method of implementing QoS management of the second aspect described above.

In the present application, for the PEMP, the packet on the service chain path is perceived; if the packet sensing on the service chain path does not meet the preset requirement, the network control network element is alerted. For the network control network element, after receiving the alarm from the PEMP, the network area between the alarm PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty, indicating that the forwarding device of the network area confirms the device status. The method for determining the link QoS in the QoS management provided by the present application realizes the confirmation of the link QoS, plays a role of guaranteeing the smooth delivery of the packet, reduces the complexity of the forwarding device, and improves the forwarding. Forwarding performance of the device.

Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the description which follows. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structure of the invention.

BRIEF abstract

The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the present application, and are intended to be a part of this application. In the drawing:

1 is a schematic diagram of a QoS management architecture of an EPS in related art;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of implementing QoS management in the present application;

3 is a flowchart of a method for implementing QoS management according to an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic diagram of a working principle of a first embodiment for implementing QoS management according to the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a first embodiment of a method for implementing QoS management according to the present application;

6 is a schematic diagram of a working principle of a second embodiment of implementing QoS management according to the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a second embodiment of a method for implementing QoS management according to the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for implementing QoS management according to the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for implementing QoS management according to the present application.

Detailed

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other.

In order to reduce the complexity of the forwarding device and improve the forwarding performance of the forwarding device, the present application proposes an architecture for implementing QoS management. As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an architecture for implementing QoS management in the present application, where at least The system includes: an access network element, a policy enforcement monitoring point (PEMP, a Policy Enforcement & Monitor Point), a network control network element (Network Controller), and a marginal gateway;

The access network element includes an access control network element and a forwarding network element. The access control network element is configured to insert user QoS information into the packet and select a QoS path for the packet according to the QoS information subscribed by the user and the reserved bandwidth of the service when the user initiates the uplink service. The NE is configured to forward the packet.

The PEMP is configured to detect whether the path meets the QoS requirement according to the QoS information carried in the packet. When the path quality is reduced and the QoS requirement of the packet cannot be met, the PEMP is notified to the network control network element.

The network control network element is configured to process received alarms, such as adjusting the network.

The marginal gateway is configured to insert user QoS information into the packet and select a QoS path for the packet according to the QoS information subscribed by the user and the reserved bandwidth of the service when the downlink data packet is delivered.

Based on the architecture for implementing QoS management shown in Figure 2, how to determine the link QoS, such as whether an abnormality or congestion occurs, plays a crucial role in the smooth delivery of packets.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for implementing QoS management according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes:

Step 300: The PEMP senses the packet on the service chain path.

Before the step 300, the method in this embodiment may further include: the PEMP sensing whether the service chain path is busy.

When the service chain path is busy, the packet in this step is the traffic of the service chain. PEMP can detect the packets on the service link trail by detecting the traffic of the service chain. For example, a timer is preset in the PEMP to determine whether the service chain data flow on the service chain path is perceived within the time limit of the timer. For example, whether the service on the service chain path is perceived within the preset duration threshold. Chain data stream.

When the service link is in the idle state, the packets in this step are the default packets. The PEMP can detect the packets on the service link trail through the detection of the default packets. For example, a preset timer is set in the PEMP to determine whether the default packet is perceived within the preset duration of the timer. For example, whether the default packet is perceived within the preset duration threshold. In this case, before the foregoing steps, the method in this embodiment may further include:

The first PEMP generates a default packet, where the default packet includes a fixed length packet and a service chain identifier, and the first PEMP forwards the default packet to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier.

Step 301: If the sensing of the packet on the service chain path does not meet the preset requirement, the network control network element is alerted.

If the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow interruption time exceeds the timer duration or the preset duration threshold, that is, the service chain is not perceived within the timer duration or the preset duration threshold. The data flow considers that the perception of the packet on the service link path does not meet the preset requirement.

When the service link path is in the idle state, if the default packet interruption time exceeds the timer duration or the preset duration threshold, that is, the timer is not perceived within the preset duration or the preset duration threshold. For the provincial message, the perception of the packet on the service link path does not meet the preset requirements.

The method of the present embodiment may further include: if the sensing of the packet on the service chain path meets the preset requirement, that is, the service chain data flow or the default packet is perceived within the timer duration of the timer or the preset duration threshold. PEMP forwards the received service chain data stream or default packet to the next hop PEMP.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method of this embodiment further includes:

Step 302: The network control network element receives the alarm from the PEMP, and the network area between the alarm PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty, indicating that the forwarding device of the network area confirms the device status.

In this step, the forwarding device that indicates the network area confirms the device status, which may include: indicating the switching device of the network area and the PEMP confirming the device status. It can be implemented by using the related Openflow protocol, and the specific implementation is well-known to those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application, and details are not described herein.

The method for determining the link QoS in the QoS management provided by the present application realizes the confirmation of the link QoS, plays a role of guaranteeing the smooth delivery of the packet, reduces the complexity of the forwarding device, and improves the forwarding. Forwarding performance of the device.

4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the first embodiment of implementing QoS management according to the present application. As shown in FIG. 4, when the service chain path is busy, the PEMP detects the service chain data flow in real time, and when the service chain data flow is interrupted, the duration of the service flow is interrupted. When the preset timer duration or the preset duration threshold is exceeded, the network control network element (such as the network manager in FIG. 4) is alerted; the network control network element predicts the alarm PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP. The network area may be faulty, and the forwarding device of the network area is required to confirm the device status. FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of implementing QoS management according to the present application. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that a long time threshold is preset in the PEMP. As shown in FIG. 5, the embodiment includes:

Steps 500 to 501: The PEMP detects the service chain data flow. When the interruption time of the service chain data flow exceeds the preset duration threshold, the PEMP sends a fault alarm to the network control network element.

If the data flow of the service chain is not interrupted within the preset time threshold, or the self-recovery is performed after the interruption, the PEMP forwards the service chain data flow to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier, and ends the process.

Step 502: The network control network element receives the fault alarm from the PEMP, and determines the network area where the fault may occur according to the current alarm PEMP and the network topology of the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP.

Step 503: The network control network element indicates to all the switching nodes in the determined network area. Line device status confirmation. Among them, it can be implemented by using the relevant Openflow management protocol.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the second embodiment of the QoS management according to the present application. As shown in FIG. 6, when the service chain path is in an idle state, the first PEMP in the service chain path senses that the service chain path is idle. The default packet is generated to determine whether the service link path is faulty. When the PEMP detects that the default packet interruption time exceeds the preset timer duration or the preset duration threshold, the network control network element (such as the network manager in FIG. 6) performs an alarm; the network control network element predicts The network area between the alarm PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP, that is, the first PEMP in FIG. 6 may be faulty, and the forwarding device of the network area is required to confirm the device status. FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a second embodiment of implementing QoS management according to the present application. In the second embodiment, it is assumed that a long time threshold is preset in the PEMP. As shown in FIG. 7, the embodiment includes:

Steps 700 to 702: The first PEMP perceives that the current service chain path is in an idle state, generates a default packet, and forwards the default packet to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier in the default packet.

The default packet may include a fixed length packet, a service chain identifier, and the like.

Step 703 to step 704: The PEMP detects the default packet. When the default packet length exceeds the preset duration threshold, the PEMP sends a fault alarm to the network control NE.

If the default packet is not interrupted or is restored after the interruption, the PEMP forwards the default packet to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier.

Step 705: The network control network element receives the fault alarm from the PEMP, and determines the network area where the fault may occur according to the current alarm PEMP and the network topology of the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP.

Step 706: The network control network element indicates to all the switching nodes in the determined network area to perform device status confirmation. Among them, it can be implemented by using the relevant Openflow management protocol.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a machine readable medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement any of the methods described above for implementing QoS management.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for implementing QoS management according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the method includes at least a sensing module 801 and a first processing module 802.

The sensing module 801 is configured to sense a packet on a service chain path.

The first processing module 802 is configured to notify the network control network element when the sensing of the packet on the service chain path does not meet the preset requirement.

The sensing module 801 can be configured to:

When the service chain path is busy, the service chain data stream is detected in real time to sense the packet on the service chain path. When the service chain path is in the idle state, the default packet is detected to sense the report on the service chain path. Text.

The first processing module 802 can be configured to:

When the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow is not detected within the preset timer duration or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path does not meet the preset requirement. When the service chain path is in the idle state, if the default packet is not detected within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path is considered to be unsatisfactory. Set requirements.

The first processing module 802 may be configured to: if the service chain data flow or the default message is perceived within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the received service chain data stream or The default packet is forwarded to the next hop PEMP.

The apparatus shown in Figure 8 can be placed in PEMP or as a separate entity.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for implementing QoS management according to the present application. As shown in FIG. 9, the method includes at least a pre-judging module 901 and a second processing module 902.

The pre-judgment module 901 is configured to receive an alarm from the PEMP, and the network area between the PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty;

The second processing module 902 is configured to instruct the forwarding device of the network area to confirm the device status.

The second processing module 902 can be configured to: use the Openflow protocol to indicate the switching device of the network area and the PEMP to confirm the device status.

The apparatus shown in Figure 9 can be placed in a network control network element or as a separate entity.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and functional blocks/units of the methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one A function or step can be performed cooperatively by several physical components. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on a machine-readable medium, such as a computer-readable medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). As is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and nonvolatile, implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Sex, removable and non-removable media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridge, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or may Any other medium used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by the computer. Moreover, it is well known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically includes computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and can include any information delivery media. .

The above descriptions are only preferred examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Industrial applicability

The embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for implementing QoS management, which implements the confirmation of the link QoS, plays a role of guaranteeing the smooth delivery of the packet, reduces the complexity of the forwarding device, and improves forwarding. Forwarding performance of the device.

Claims

A method for implementing quality of service QoS management, comprising:

The policy execution monitoring point PEMP perceives the packet on the service chain path;

If the packet sensing on the service link path does not meet the preset requirements, the network control network element is alerted.
The method of claim 1, before the PEMP perceives a packet on a service chain path, the method further includes: the PEMP sensing whether the service chain path is busy;

The packet is a service chain data stream when the service chain path is busy.

When the service chain path is in an idle state, the packet is a default packet.
The method of claim 2, wherein the PEMP-aware packet on the service chain path comprises: the PEMP determining whether the service chain is perceived within a preset duration of a preset timer or a preset duration threshold Data stream or default message.
The method according to claim 2, when the service chain path is in an idle state, the method further includes:

When the PEMP is the first PEMP in the service chain path, a default packet is generated, and the default packet is forwarded to the next hop PEMP according to the service chain identifier in the default packet.
The method according to claim 4, wherein the default message is a fixed length message.
The method according to claim 3, wherein the sensing of the message on the service chain path does not satisfy the preset requirement comprises:

When the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow is not perceived within the timer duration or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path is considered Does not meet the preset requirements;

If the service chain path is in an idle state, if the default packet is not detected within the preset duration of the timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet on the service chain path is considered to be Perception does not meet the preset requirements.
The method according to claim 3, further comprising: if the service chain data flow or the default message is perceived within a predetermined time duration of the timer or within a preset duration threshold, The PEMP forwards the received service chain data flow or default packet to the next hop PEMP.
A method for implementing quality of service QoS management, comprising:

The network control network element receives the alarm from the policy execution monitoring point PEMP, and predicts that the network area between the alarm PEMP and the backward PEMP of the alarm PEMP may be faulty;

Indicates that the forwarding device of the network area confirms the device status.
The method of claim 8, wherein the forwarding device indicating the network area confirms the device status comprises: indicating a switching device of the network area and a PEMP confirming device status.
An apparatus for implementing quality of service QoS management, comprising: a sensing module, a first processing module; wherein the sensing module is configured to sense a packet on a service chain path; and the first processing module is configured to be on a service chain path When the packet's perception does not meet the preset requirements, the network control network element is alerted.
The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the sensing module is configured to: when the service chain path is busy, real-time detection of a service chain data flow to sense a message on a service chain path; when the service When the link path is idle, the default packet is detected to sense packets on the service link trail.
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first processing module is configured to:

When the service chain path is busy, if the service chain data flow is not perceived within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet sense on the service chain path is considered not to be Meet the preset requirements;

When the service chain path is in an idle state, if the default packet is not detected within the preset duration of the preset timer or the preset duration threshold, the packet perception on the service chain path is considered. Does not meet the preset requirements.
The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first processing module is further configured to: if the service chain data flow is perceived within a timing duration of the preset timer or within a preset duration threshold Or the default packet, the received service chain data flow or the default packet is forwarded to the next hop policy execution monitoring point PEMP.
Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the apparatus is provided in a PEMP or is a separate entity.
An apparatus for implementing QoS management of a quality of service includes: a pre-judging module and a second processing module; wherein the pre-judging module is configured to receive an alarm from a policy execution monitoring point PEMP, and predict the alarm PEMP and the alarm PEMP There may be a fault in the network area between the PEMPs; the second processing module is configured to instruct the forwarding device of the network area to confirm the device status.
The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second processing module is configured to instruct the switching device of the network area and the PEMP to confirm the device status.
Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said apparatus is provided in a network control network element or as a separate entity.
A machine readable medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method of implementing quality of service QoS management as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
A machine readable medium storing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method of implementing quality of service QoS management as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 9.