WO2017193337A1 - 一种随机接入的通信方法、终端和基站 - Google Patents

一种随机接入的通信方法、终端和基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017193337A1
WO2017193337A1 PCT/CN2016/081874 CN2016081874W WO2017193337A1 WO 2017193337 A1 WO2017193337 A1 WO 2017193337A1 CN 2016081874 W CN2016081874 W CN 2016081874W WO 2017193337 A1 WO2017193337 A1 WO 2017193337A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
random access
terminal
base station
access response
uplink
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/081874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
酉春华
黄曲芳
郭轶
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP16901292.9A priority Critical patent/EP3451780B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/081874 priority patent/WO2017193337A1/zh
Priority to CN202111090602.7A priority patent/CN113891488A/zh
Priority to CN201680085408.0A priority patent/CN109076600B/zh
Publication of WO2017193337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017193337A1/zh
Priority to US16/186,580 priority patent/US10798746B2/en
Priority to US17/026,200 priority patent/US20210007151A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1896—ARQ related signaling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a communication method, a terminal, and a base station for random access.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the same symbol signal is transmitted on different frequency resources. Its fading and interference are different, and it is still changing. .
  • the cells using the licensed spectrum are called Normal cells (also referred to as authorized cells).
  • the frequencies used by these cells are officially authorized, so the interference is controllable and the data transmission is relatively reliable.
  • the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduces a Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) cell and performs carrier aggregation (Carrier Aggregation) with the normal cell.
  • LAA Licensed Assisted Access
  • Carrier Aggregation carrier aggregation
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • the LAA cell is generally used as a secondary cell (Scell).
  • Scell secondary cell
  • the LAA cell uses an unlicensed frequency band, and any one can use these frequency bands to communicate, thereby causing interference to the LAA cell, so the data transmission reliability of the LAA cell is relatively low.
  • the 3GPP stipulates that for the data transmission on the LAA cell, whether it is an evolved Node B ("eNB") or a User Equipment (“UE”), they must first send any data. Complete (Listen Before Talk, referred to as "LBT”) process. If the LBT is successful, the data is sent normally; otherwise, the data cannot be sent.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • UE User Equipment
  • the UE may generate, for example, a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol data unit ("PDU"). Then, the physical layer is notified to report the MAC PDU to the eNB.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • the physical layer first performs a Listen Before Talk (“LBT") process before transmitting the data. If the LBT process fails, uplink data cannot be transmitted to the eNB. Therefore, when the UE performs uplink transmission through the unlicensed spectrum cell, the operation of the existing process may affect the reliability and timeliness of reporting of the uplink data.
  • LBT Listen Before Talk
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access communication method, terminal and device, which can effectively improve the transmission reliability of uplink data.
  • the first aspect provides a random access communication method, the method comprising:
  • the terminal receives the random access preamble information sent by the base station;
  • the terminal sends a random access preamble to the base station according to the random access preamble information
  • the terminal receives a random access response sent by the base station, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal to send an uplink to the base station. data.
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the random access response further includes: listening to LBT information beforehand, where the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of an unlicensed spectrum;
  • the method further includes:
  • the terminal performs uplink transmission in the auxiliary authorized access LAA cell of the base station based on the channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method is used, when the LAA cell of the base station and the authorized cell carrier are aggregated, the terminal performs non-contention random access based on the LAA cell, and specifically includes:
  • the terminal receives the random access response sent by the base station in a primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier PCI, where the terminal identifies whether the random access response is Applicable to the terminal.
  • the random access response further indicates that an uplink resource used by the terminal to perform the uplink transmission is located in the LAA cell The channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • a subframe offset value configured to indicate an uplink grant and a subframe interval of the uplink transmission, where the random access response further includes the uplink grant
  • the start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission are The start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission.
  • the random access response further includes the uplink authorization, the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and the LBT information. At least one of the locations is located in a reserved field in which the random access response is the uplink grant.
  • a second aspect provides a communication method for random access, the method comprising:
  • the base station sends random access preamble information to the terminal;
  • the base station sends a random access response to the terminal, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal to send uplink data to the base station.
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the random access response further includes: listening to LBT information beforehand, where the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of an unlicensed spectrum;
  • the method further includes:
  • the auxiliary authorized accessing LAA cell of the base station Based on the channel of the unlicensed spectrum, the auxiliary authorized accessing LAA cell of the base station performs uplink transmission with the terminal.
  • the method is used, when the LAA cell and the authorized cell carrier of the base station are aggregated, the terminal is based on The non-contention random access of the LAA cell includes:
  • the base station sends the random access response to the terminal in a primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier PCI, configured to indicate whether the random access response is applicable to the terminal.
  • the random access response further indicates that an uplink resource used by the terminal to perform the uplink transmission is located in the LAA cell The channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • a subframe offset value configured to indicate an uplink grant and a subframe interval of the uplink transmission, where the random access response further includes the uplink grant
  • the start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission are The start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission.
  • the random access response further includes the uplink authorization, the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and the LBT information. At least one of the locations is located in a reserved field in which the random access response is the uplink grant.
  • a terminal including:
  • a receiver configured to receive random access preamble information sent by the base station
  • a transmitter configured to send a random access preamble to the base station according to the random access preamble information
  • the receiver is further configured to receive a random access response sent by the base station, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), where the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the base station transmits uplink data.
  • the random access response further includes: listening to LBT information beforehand, where the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of an unlicensed spectrum;
  • the terminal further includes:
  • the processor based on the channel of the unlicensed spectrum, performs uplink transmission in an auxiliary authorized access LAA cell of the base station.
  • the terminal when the LAA cell and the authorized cell carrier of the base station are aggregated, the terminal is based on The LAA cell performs non-contention random access, and specifically includes:
  • the receiver is configured to receive the random access preamble sequence sent by the base station in any serving cell of the terminal;
  • the transmitter is configured to send the random access preamble to the base station in the LAA cell of the base station;
  • the receiver is further configured to receive the random access response sent by the base station in a primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier PCI, where the processor identifies the random access response Whether it is applicable to the terminal.
  • the random access response further indicates that an uplink resource used by the terminal to perform the uplink transmission is located in the LAA cell.
  • the channel of the unlicensed spectrum is located in the LAA cell.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • a subframe offset value configured to indicate an uplink grant and a subframe interval of the uplink transmission, where the random access response further includes the uplink grant
  • the start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission are The start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission.
  • the random access response further includes the uplink authorization, the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and the LBT information. At least one of the locations is located in a reserved field in which the random access response is the uplink grant.
  • a fourth aspect provides a base station, including:
  • a transmitter configured to send random access preamble information to the terminal
  • a receiver configured to receive a random access preamble sent by the terminal
  • the transmitter is further configured to send a random access response to the terminal, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the base station transmits uplink data.
  • the random access response further includes: listening to LBT information beforehand, where the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of an unlicensed spectrum;
  • the base station further includes:
  • a processor configured to perform uplink transmission with the terminal by the auxiliary authorized access LAA cell of the base station based on the channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the terminal when the LAA cell and the authorized cell carrier of the base station are aggregated, the terminal is based on the non-LAA cell Competitive random access, including:
  • the transmitter is configured to send the random access preamble sequence to the terminal in any serving cell of the terminal;
  • the receiver configured to receive the random access preamble sent by the terminal in the LAA cell of the base station;
  • the transmitter is further configured to send the random access response to the terminal in a primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier (PCI), configured to indicate whether the random access response is applicable to the Said terminal.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • the random access response further indicates that an uplink resource used by the terminal to perform the uplink transmission is located in the LAA cell The channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • a subframe offset value configured to indicate an uplink grant and a subframe interval of the uplink transmission, where the random access response further includes the uplink grant
  • the start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission are The start symbol and the end symbol of the uplink transmission.
  • the random access response further includes the uplink authorization, the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and the LBT information. At least one of the random access responses being the uplink grant Reserved in the field.
  • a random access communication method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can obtain an uplink resource that sends uplink data according to the random access response after receiving the random access response sent by the base station. Based on the successful LBT competition, uplink data is sent to the base station to ensure normal communication with the base station. Therefore, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can ensure timely transmission of uplink data to a certain extent, and can further improve the transmission reliability of uplink data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of constructing a MAC PDU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a MAC header format according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another MAC header format according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method for non-contention random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of still another application scenario involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram showing a configuration of a random access response according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is still another schematic flowchart of a communication method for non-contention random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is still another schematic flowchart of a communication method for random access provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic block diagram of a terminal provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows still another schematic block diagram of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a user equipment may also be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station (Mobile Station, simply referred to as "MS"), a mobile terminal (Mobile Terminal), and the like.
  • the user equipment may communicate with one or more core networks via a Radio Access Network (RAN), for example, the user equipment may be a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), having
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • the user equipment may be a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), having
  • the computer or the like of the mobile terminal for example, the user device may also be a portable, pocket, handheld, computer built-in or in-vehicle mobile device that exchanges language and/or data with the wireless access network.
  • the base station may be a base station (Base Transceiver Station, abbreviated as "BTS”) in GSM, or may be a base station (NodeB, referred to as "NB") in WCDMA, or may be an evolution in LTE.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • NB base station
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments of the present invention. For the convenience of description, the following embodiments will be described by taking an eNB as an example.
  • random access is introduced to enable a UE to access or communicate with a network.
  • the random access type involved is mainly non-contention random access.
  • the process mainly refers to the following description:
  • the base station sends a random access preamble assignment to the terminal.
  • the random access preamble information may include a preamble index (preamble index in English) and a preamble root sequence number (rootSequenceIndex), where the preamble root sequence number and the preamble index number may be sent in different messages for UE generation.
  • the random access preamble for example, is a random access preamble sequence.
  • the base station may send the random access preamble information to the terminal in a handover process or in a connected state of radio resource control (RRC). For example, the base station may send a handover command carrying the random access preamble information to the terminal. For example, the base station may send the leading root sequence number to the terminal through the RRC message.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the base station passes the physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel,
  • the PDCCH is referred to as a preamble index of the random access preamble, and is used to trigger the terminal to perform random access.
  • the terminal sends a random access preamble (RA preamble) to the base station.
  • RA preamble random access preamble
  • the terminal may select a suitable time-frequency resource of the random access preamble according to the time-frequency resource of the random access preamble pre-configured by the base station, and send the foregoing random access preamble according to the selected random access preamble.
  • the frequency domain resource location is obtained by a random access radio network temporary identity (RA-RNTI).
  • RA-RNTI random access radio network temporary identity
  • the RA-RNTI is derived, for example, via the following formula:
  • RA-RNTI 1+t_id+10*f_id
  • the t_id is a time domain location of a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource
  • f_id is a frequency domain location of the PRACH resource.
  • the base station sends a random access response to the terminal.
  • the random access response is generated by the base station according to the random access preamble sent by the terminal. For example, when the terminal detects the random access response sent by the base station through the RA-RNTI described above.
  • the sub-header of the random access response includes a random access preamble index number sent by the terminal to the base station, and the terminal may learn that the random access response is sent by the base station to the terminal, instead of other terminal.
  • the terminal can simultaneously communicate with multiple serving cells, and the serving cells can be provided by one base station.
  • these serving cells may have only one primary cell (PCell) for the terminal to send control signaling.
  • the primary cell may configure a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to send control signaling, or the terminal may receive a broadcast message on the primary cell or receive a paging message.
  • the other serving cell may be a secondary cell SCell.
  • the secondary cell may not have the PUCCH, the terminal may not send uplink control signaling on the secondary cell, or may not receive a broadcast message on the secondary cell, or receive a paging message.
  • the random access response message may be sent through the PCell.
  • MAC media access control
  • PDU packet data unit
  • MAC PDU media access control packet data unit
  • MAC payload payload
  • the MAC payload includes 0 or at least one MAC CE (Control) Element, control unit) (not shown), 0 or at least one MAC Random Access Response (RAR).
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • the random access response may be referred to as a MAC RAR, and its size is determined, such as 48 bits. It can be understood that the above MAC PDU may also include padding (padding in English).
  • the MAC header contains a plurality of sub-headers, and each sub-header may include a T/R/E/RAPID/BI field, where R represents a reserved field and E represents whether the current sub-header is the last in the MAC PDU.
  • a subheader, T indicates that the subheader includes a random access preamble index (random access preamble identitfier, RAPID for short) or a backoff indicator (BI).
  • the MAC sub-header corresponds to the unit in the MAC payload (MAC CE, MAC RAR) in order, that is, the first sub-header corresponds to the first unit, the second sub-header corresponds to the second unit, and so on.
  • the terminal determines the location of each sub-header and the starting position of the MAC payload, and the terminal matches the sub-header according to the preamble index, and determines the relative position according to the matched subheader and the first second MAC subheader.
  • the BI or RAPID in the sub-header can characterize the type of unit to which the sub-header corresponds. For example, when the sub-header carries the RAPID, it indicates the first MAC prefix format; when the sub-header carries the BI, it indicates the second MAC header format.
  • the RAPID can occupy 6 bits.
  • R is a reserved bit field and is set to 0.
  • BI is used to randomly select a time value within the backoff value indicated by BI when the competition fails, that is, when the random access response is not received, and use this time value as the backoff time. After the backoff time, the terminal may continue to send a random access preamble to the base station.
  • the UE When the UE has the requirement of transmitting data, it must first uplink synchronization and obtain the permission of the eNB, that is, the UE requests the data transmission permission from the eNB. It should be understood that the UE applies for data transmission permission to the eNB.
  • the eNB configures a scheduling request (SSR) resource for the UE, and the UE requests the data transmission permission from the eNB through the SR resource.
  • the eNB does not configure the SR resource for the UE, but the UE.
  • the random access process is performed first, and then the data transmission process is performed.
  • the purpose of the random access is mainly to obtain the uplink grant of the eNB or obtain the uplink synchronization.
  • the implementation of the present invention is mainly directed to the latter mode, specifically non-contention random access, to obtain uplink synchronization, which is specifically described below.
  • the eNB After receiving the random access preamble of the UE, the eNB performs a resource scheduling decision to determine whether to provide a corresponding service for the UE, such as notifying the uplink time advance amount for uplink synchronization; and/or allocating uplink resources for uplink transmission.
  • the smallest unit of eNB resource scheduling is a physical resource block, which is composed of a time domain resource and a frequency domain resource.
  • the physical resource block is a time resource of 1 ms in the time domain and a frequency of 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Resources.
  • the eNB completes data scheduling on the physical resource block.
  • the uplink transmission resource is allocated to the UE, and then the uplink grant (Uplink Grant, referred to as “UL”) is sent to the UE through the physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, hereinafter referred to as “PDCCH”). Grant”), the UL grant may include information such as a modulation and coding scheme ("MCS”) and a physical resource block (“PRB").
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • PRB physical resource block
  • the UL grant is used, for example, to tell the UE which time and on which carrier the data is to be transmitted, and the modulation coding scheme used, so that the UE transmits the uplink data.
  • LAA License Assisted Access
  • SCell secondary cell
  • carrier aggregation is a technology in LTE/LTE-A.
  • the UE can perform data transmission with multiple serving cells at the same time. The connection between any two cells can be considered as ideal, that is, the transmission delay can be neglected. These serving cells can all belong to the same base station.
  • the multiple serving cells include an authorized spectrum cell and an LAA cell.
  • LBT Listen before talk
  • LBT refers to the UE needs to perform channel energy detection before transmitting uplink data. If the channel energy is detected to be lower than a certain For a threshold, the channel is considered to be idle, and the channel can be used to transmit uplink data (also referred to as LBT success); otherwise, the channel is considered busy and cannot send uplink data (also referred to as LBT failure).
  • the UE performs non-contention random access based on a normal cell.
  • the terminal After receiving the random access response sent by the base station, the terminal can ensure successful uplink transmission to the base station. If the UE or the base station selects non-contention random access with the LAA cell in the scenario that the LAA cell and the normal cell perform carrier aggregation, after the physical layer receives the MAC PDU and carries the random access response belonging to the terminal, the first step is performed. LBT process. The uplink data transmission can be realized only when the LBT is successful.
  • the transmission of uplink data requires two steps: first, obtaining the uplink grant allocated by the base station, and secondly, the LBT succeeds. Therefore, in a scenario where the serving cell of the UE is a carrier aggregation of the LAA cell and the normal cell, when the UE performs non-contention random access based on the LAA cell, the existing terminal performs uplink transmission to the base station, which reduces the reliability of reporting the uplink. Sexuality and timeliness, which affects the uplink communication between the terminal and the base station.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting uplink data and a user equipment, which can effectively implement uplink validity reporting of non-contention random access based on the LAA cell.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a communication method 500 for non-contention random access according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 500 includes:
  • the terminal receives random access preamble information sent by the base station.
  • the terminal sends a random access preamble to the base station according to the random access preamble information.
  • the terminal receives a random access response sent by the base station, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal to send uplink data to the base station.
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the foregoing method is used when the LAA cell of the base station and the authorized cell carrier are aggregated, and the terminal is based on the non-contention random access of the LAA cell, and specifically includes:
  • the terminal receives random access preamble information sent by the base station in any serving cell of the terminal;
  • the terminal sends a random access preamble to the base station in the LAA cell of the base station;
  • the terminal receives a random access response sent by the base station in the primary cell of the terminal.
  • the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used for the new transmission of the uplink data in the asynchronous HARQ mode, and the redundancy version (RV) corresponding to the new data is 0.
  • the base station sends a random access response including an uplink grant to the terminal in the mth subframe, and the terminal performs uplink initial transmission to the base station in the m+4 subframe.
  • the terminal may select any idle process to perform data initial transmission, and the HARQ process number is configured to be 2, the terminal may send uplink data to the base station in the 0th subframe, or the terminal may follow the 8th.
  • the sub-frame then performs a new transmission of the uplink data. Therefore, the subframe interval of the synchronous HARQ timing is 8.
  • the base station instructs the terminal to adopt the HARQ process 2 in the subframe No. 0 and the HARQ process 1 in the subframe #8.
  • the base station uses the downlink control information (DCI) to instruct the terminal to perform uplink transmission in a specific subframe by using a specific HARQ process.
  • the DCI may be a content in a random access response sent by the base station to the terminal.
  • the application of HARQ synchronization increases the unreliability of uplink new transmission. Because the channel terminal of the unlicensed spectrum corresponding to the LAA cell may not be competing for acquisition, the synchronous HARQ must ensure that the uplink new transmission is performed on the set subframe, and the uplink initial transmission is performed on the subframe with the same interval, when the LBT When the failure causes the above subframe to fail to be transmitted, the transmission delay is increased.
  • the HARQ asynchronous mechanism can reduce the transmission delay, because the base station can flexibly instruct the terminal to perform uplink initial transmission on a specific subframe through the DCI, and reduce the transmission delay relative to the HARQ synchronization mechanism.
  • the random access response may further include listening to the LBT information, where the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • all cells can be aligned in a subframe, that is, have a uniform subframe boundary and a subframe number.
  • the LAA cell uses an unlicensed spectrum.
  • the spectrum of the LAA cell may range from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz (in English, GHz), or a channel of a corresponding bandwidth in the spectrum of 5 to 6 GHz, or 60 to 70 GHz.
  • LBT Before the base station or the terminal sends data, it needs to do LBT first to monitor whether the channel of the unlicensed spectrum is occupied. If it is already occupied, continue to listen until it finds that the channel is idle and then sends it. For the base station, once the channel is found to be idle, data transmission can begin. For the UE, two conditions need to be met in order to transmit data. The first condition is to obtain the uplink resource allocated by the base station, and the second condition is that the UE performs a successful LBT.
  • the random access response may further indicate that the uplink resource used for the uplink transmission by the terminal is located in the channel of the unlicensed spectrum of the LAA cell.
  • the base station is in the mth subframe.
  • the UE allocates an uplink resource, and the resource allocation indication may be sent by a normal cell (ie, an authorized cell), or may be sent by the LAA cell. Regardless of which cell the base station transmits a resource allocation indication to the terminal, the UE is instructed to allocate the uplink resource to the LAA cell.
  • the UE may perform an LBT before the (m+4)th subframe to monitor whether the channel is occupied. If it is occupied, that is, the LBT fails, the uplink data is not transmitted in the (m+4)th subframe. If the above channel is not occupied, the LBT is successful, and the uplink data is transmitted through the LAA cell in the (m+4)th subframe.
  • the terminal may perform uplink transmission according to the parameters specified by the base station, and the foregoing parameters may include at least one of the following: a trasport block (TB size), a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and a power spectral density.
  • the base station can receive the uplink data at a predetermined time-frequency resource location according to a format specified by itself.
  • the current LBT process mainly has the following methods:
  • the second type of LBT (category 2 LBT): Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) detection without back-off, CCA detection at a certain timing, that is, channel energy detection is below a certain threshold, and data is transmitted; The energy detection is above a certain threshold, the channel detection is busy, no rollback is performed, and no data is sent. It is also possible to continue the CCA detection at the determined timing until the CCA detects that the channel is idle.
  • the CCA detection time may be greater than or equal to 9 microseconds (us).
  • Category 3 LBT category 3 LBT: CCA detection for back-off in a fixed window, that is, selecting a back-off value in a fixed back-off time window, and only detecting at least the back-off value of an idle CCA. Data can only be sent after the time of detection.
  • Category 4 LBT CCA detection for rollback in a variable window, that is, selecting a backoff value within a backoff time window, only detecting at least a backoff value for an idle CCA detection. After the time, the data can be sent. But this backoff time window is variable. It may be understood that the foregoing method may further include: performing, according to the channel of the unlicensed spectrum, the uplink transmission in the auxiliary authorized access LAA cell of the base station.
  • the random access response may further include at least one of the following:
  • the time interval of the LBT which is used to indicate the time domain location of the LBT by the terminal;
  • the start and end symbols of the upstream transmission are the start and end symbols of the upstream transmission.
  • the random access response may further include an uplink grant.
  • the difference At least one of the step of the HARQ process identifier and the LBT information is located in a reserved field of the uplink grant of the random access response.
  • the random access response may further include a physical layer cell indenty (PCI), which is used by the terminal to identify whether the random access response is applicable to the terminal.
  • the UE needs to identify its own random access response in one MAC PDU.
  • a MAC PDU for example, it can only be composed of one type of random access response, that is, a random access response for non-contention random access for a LAA cell, and random access for non-contention random access for a normal cell. In response, the two choose one.
  • the UE can distinguish by the following means:
  • Solution 1 For the acquisition of the RA-RNTI, the LAA cell performs the non-contention random access UE differently from the UE that performs the non-contention random access for the normal cell, thereby ensuring that the RA-RNTI of the LAA cell and the RA-RNTI of the normal cell are not overlapping.
  • the RA-RNTI for the LAA cell can be obtained by the following formula:
  • LAA RA-RNTI 1+t_id+10*f_id+k.
  • t_id is a time domain resource location of a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource
  • f_id is a frequency domain location of the PRACH resource, where k is 60, or a positive integer greater than 60.
  • the UE for the LAA cell uses a different preamble sequence than the UE for the normal cell.
  • a Preamble can only be used by one type of UE, ie, a UE in a LAA cell or a UE in a normal cell.
  • the random access response for the LAA cell can only be sent through a specific cell without going through the PCell.
  • the specific cell can be used to transmit a random access response of the LAA cell, but cannot be transmitted. Random access response of a normal cell.
  • the specific access cell specifically transmits the random access response of the LAA cell, which can be configured by the base station.
  • the above solution can distinguish the random access response at the cell level.
  • the UEs in different LAA cells may perform UE level discrimination by using the PCI carried in the random access response.
  • UE A and UE B belong to the same PCell, but SCeLL is different.
  • the SCell of the UE is the LAA SCell1
  • the SCell of the UE B is the LAA SCell2
  • the base station allocates the same random access preamble index number (Preamble Index or Preamble IDentitfier, RAPID for short) to the UE, for example, all are the 60th preamble. sequence. Since the two SCells work in different frequency bands, or the preamble root sequence is different, even if it is the 60th preamble sequence, the last random access preamble sent is still different, so there will be no interference between them.
  • the base station can decode this random access preamble at the same time. Therefore, in a MAC PDU, there is a random access response message of UE A, and a random access response message of UE B. Then UE A or UE B can identify its own random access response message through the PCI in the random access response.
  • FIG. 7 describes a specific configuration for a random access response, which may include at least one of the following:
  • Uplink grant (UL grant);
  • the LBT information may include which type of LBT is used, or a parameter configuration for the LBT type used. For example, for the fourth type of LBT, the terminal is notified how to select the backoff time or the size of the back window, and the like;
  • Uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier Uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier.
  • the foregoing HARQ process identifier may be located in any field of the random access response, such as may be located in a reserved field of timing offset and/or uplink grant.
  • a reserved field is added to the random access response, such as an LAA cell field, and at least one of the foregoing HARQ process identifier, LBT information, and PCI is included in the reserved field.
  • the reporting delay caused by the failure of the LBT to contend for the channel failure in the non-contention random access scenario for the LAA cell can be avoided, and the terminal can be effectively improved. Timeliness and reliability of uploading upstream data.
  • one MAC PDU there may be both a random access response for the LAA cell and a random access response for the normal cell.
  • the LAA cell and the normal cell may use the same RA-RNTI, resulting in a random access response for the LAA cell and a random access response for the normal cell in one MAC PDU.
  • the base station When the base station transmits a random access response for the LAA cell and a random access response for the normal cell, the base station may place the random access response for the normal cell before the random access response for the LAA cell. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the random access response to the LAA cell may be identified by the reserved field R of the random access response.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device sends the uplink data MAC PDU, it carries the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, so that the base station performs data combining of the corresponding HARQ process according to the received HARQ process identifier and the MAC PDU.
  • the foregoing uplink MAC PDU may be performed after the terminal receives the random access response.
  • carrier aggregation between a base station and a base station is simultaneously applied, and random aggregation based on carrier aggregation is applicable to both contention-based random access and non-contention-based random access.
  • Carrier aggregation between base stations is also referred to as dual connection (DC).
  • the carrier aggregation in the base station may include a LAA cell, and the carrier aggregation between the base stations refers to a normal cell, and may also include an LAA cell.
  • the terminal has a terminal protocol stack.
  • the terminal protocol stack is used to implement data processing for communication with the base station on the terminal side.
  • the terminal protocol stack is merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • Other protocol stacks capable of implementing communication between the base station and the terminal on the terminal side fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the communication between the base station and the terminal includes communication between the access network node capable of exercising the function of the base station and the terminal.
  • a terminal protocol stack capable of realizing communication between a relay node (RN) and a terminal also falls within the scope of the present invention.
  • RN relay node
  • the foregoing terminal protocol stack may include the following protocol layers: Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and media access control ( Media Access Control (MAC) layer and physical (Physical, PHY for short) layer.
  • the PDCP layer is mainly used for information Perform compression and decompression/encryption and decryption;
  • the RLC layer is mainly used to implement the related functions of Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), segment and cascade information, or reorganize segmentation and concatenation information.
  • ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
  • the MAC layer is mainly used for the selection of the transport format combination, and implements the related functions of the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).
  • the PHY layer is mainly used to provide information transmission services for the MAC layer and the upper layer.
  • the code modulation process or the demodulation decoding process is performed according to the selected transport format combination.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication method 800 for random access, which can be applied to both random access and non-contention random access.
  • the above method includes:
  • the MAC layer of the terminal instructs the PHY layer of the terminal to send a random access preamble.
  • the MAC layer of the terminal can send at least one of the following information to the PHY layer of the terminal:
  • a PRACH resource configured to send a random access preamble to the base station
  • the RA-RNTI is configured to receive, by the terminal, a random access response sent by the base station;
  • Random access preamble index for the PHY layer to generate a preamble sequence based on the leading root sequence and the Preamble index
  • PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER Preamble transmission power
  • the PHY layer of the terminal can obtain a random access preamble according to the above information, and send it to the base station.
  • the PHY layer when it is random access of the LAA cell, the PHY layer performs LBT. Conversely, when it is a random access of a normal cell, the PHY layer does not need to perform LBT.
  • the PHY layer of the terminal indicates the MAC layer of the terminal, and the random access preamble transmission fails.
  • the PHY layer of the foregoing terminal may indicate the MAC layer of the terminal by means of an implicit or display manner, and the random access preamble transmission fails.
  • the PHY layer of the terminal fails to send a random access preamble, and the following possibilities are possible:
  • the LBT fails to compete successfully, and the random access preamble cannot be sent;
  • the random access preamble cannot be transmitted because the transmission power is limited.
  • the PHY layer of the terminal can indicate to the MAC layer that the power does not rise, so that The transmission power of the random access preamble is not increased correspondingly during the next preamble transmission.
  • the terminal prepares to randomly access the primary and secondary base stations, and then needs to send the random access preamble to the primary and secondary base stations at the same time, but may not send the random access preamble to the two base stations at the same time due to insufficient power. .
  • the terminal may choose to send only one of the random access preambles and abandon another random access preamble.
  • the terminal abandons the random access preamble transmission of the secondary base station, and when the next random access preamble transmission of the secondary base station, the terminal does not increase the power of the random access preamble correspondingly, and sends the random access to the cell of the secondary base station.
  • the leading point is that the power does not climb.
  • the MAC layer of the terminal ignores the random access response sent by the base station.
  • ignoring the random access response may be understood as discarding the random access response or not receiving the random access response.
  • the terminal may ignore the random access response sent by the base station by using the MAC layer.
  • ignoring the random access response may specifically include the following steps:
  • the PDCCH is not monitored by the RA-RNTI.
  • the PDCCH can be located in the primary cell of the primary and secondary base stations in the DC, or the primary cell in the CA.
  • the primary and secondary base stations may each have a primary cell, and all of the primary cells may be collectively referred to as a primary and secondary cell (SPCell).
  • the PDCCH may be considered as not monitoring the PDCCH of all primary cells on the primary and secondary base stations, or not. Listen to the PDCCH of any one primary cell.
  • the MAC layer of the terminal indicates the PHY layer of the terminal, and the random access preamble is again sent to the base station as soon as possible, thereby improving the timeliness of the random access and ensuring the normality of the terminal and the base station. Communication.
  • the terminal when the terminal does not start the timer, the terminal acquires a random access preamble once the terminal acquires.
  • the random access preamble can be sent to the base station via the PRACH.
  • the terminal 1000 includes:
  • the transmitter 1010 is configured to send random access preamble information to the terminal.
  • the receiver 1030 is configured to receive a random access preamble sent by the terminal.
  • the transmitter 1010 is further configured to send a random access response to the terminal, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal to send uplink data to the base station.
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the foregoing random access response further includes: listening to LBT information before, and the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire a channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the base station further includes a processor 1050, configured to perform, according to the unlicensed spectrum channel, the base station's auxiliary authorized access LAA cell and the terminal to perform uplink transmission.
  • a processor 1050 configured to perform, according to the unlicensed spectrum channel, the base station's auxiliary authorized access LAA cell and the terminal to perform uplink transmission.
  • the terminal when the LAA cell of the base station and the authorized cell carrier are aggregated, the terminal performs non-contention random access based on the LAA cell, and specifically includes:
  • the transmitter 1010 is configured to send a random access preamble sequence to the terminal in any serving cell of the terminal.
  • the receiver 1030 is configured to receive, by the LAA cell of the base station, a random access preamble sent by the terminal.
  • the transmitter 1010 is further configured to send a random access response to the terminal in the primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier PCI, configured to indicate whether the random access response is applicable to the terminal.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • the random access response further indicates that the uplink resource used by the terminal for uplink transmission is located in a channel of the unlicensed spectrum of the LAA cell.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • the number of scheduled subframes is used to schedule multiple subframes for uplink transmission at a time
  • a subframe offset value used to indicate an uplink grant and an uplink transmission subframe interval, where the random access response further includes an uplink grant
  • the start and end symbols of the upstream transmission are the start and end symbols of the upstream transmission.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of an uplink grant, an uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and LBT information, where the random access response is a reserved field of the uplink grant.
  • the reporting delay caused by the failure of the LBT to contend for the channel failure in the non-contention random access scenario of the LAA cell can be effectively improved, and the timeliness and reliability of the uplink data uploaded by the terminal can be effectively improved.
  • the terminal 1000 may correspond to a communication method for non-contention random access according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the above and other operations and/or functions of respective modules in the terminal 1000 are respectively implemented for The corresponding processes of the respective methods in FIG. 9 to FIG. 9 are not described herein again for the sake of brevity.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic block diagram of a base station 1100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the base station 1100 comprising:
  • a transmitter 1101 configured to send random access preamble information to the terminal
  • the receiver 1103 is configured to receive a random access preamble sent by the terminal.
  • the transmitter 1101 is further configured to send a random access response to the terminal, where the random access response includes an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ process identifier), and the uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier is used by the terminal to send uplink data to the base station.
  • HARQ process identifier an uplink asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the random access response further includes: listening to the LBT information before, and the LBT information is used by the terminal to acquire the channel of the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the base station further includes a processor 1105, configured to perform, according to the channel of the unlicensed spectrum, the uplink authorized transmission of the base station to the LAA cell and the terminal for uplink transmission.
  • a processor 1105 configured to perform, according to the channel of the unlicensed spectrum, the uplink authorized transmission of the base station to the LAA cell and the terminal for uplink transmission.
  • the terminal is based on the non-contention random access of the LAA cell, and specifically includes:
  • a transmitter 1101 configured to send a random access preamble sequence to the terminal in any serving cell of the terminal;
  • a receiver 1103, configured to receive, by the LAA cell of the base station, a random access preamble sent by the terminal;
  • the transmitter 1101 is further configured to send a random access response to the terminal in the primary cell of the base station.
  • the random access response further includes a physical cell identifier PCI, configured to indicate whether the random access response is applicable to the terminal.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • the random access response further indicates that the uplink resource used by the terminal for uplink transmission is located in a channel of the unlicensed spectrum of the LAA cell.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of the following:
  • a subframe offset value configured to indicate an uplink grant and a subframe interval of the transmission, where the access response further includes the authorization
  • the start and end symbols of the transmission are the start and end symbols of the transmission.
  • the random access response further includes at least one of an uplink grant, an uplink asynchronous HARQ process identifier, and LBT information, where the random access response is a reserved field of the uplink grant.
  • the reporting delay caused by the failure of the LBT to contend for the channel failure in the non-contention random access scenario of the LAA cell can be effectively improved, and the timeliness and reliability of the uplink data uploaded by the terminal can be effectively improved.
  • the base station 1100 may be used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the communication method of the non-contention random access, and the above-mentioned and other operations and/or functions of the respective modules in the base station 1100 are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the respective methods in FIG. 1 to FIG. 9, and are not described herein again for brevity.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of a terminal 1200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal 1200 includes:
  • the MAC layer 1201 of the terminal instructs the PHY layer 1203 of the terminal to send a random access preamble
  • the PHY layer 1203 of the terminal indicates the MAC layer 1201 of the terminal, and the random access preamble transmission fails.
  • the MAC layer 1201 of the terminal ignores the random access response sent by the base station.
  • the MAC layer 1201 of the terminal can send at least one of the following information to the PHY layer of the terminal:
  • a PRACH resource configured to send a random access preamble to the base station
  • the RA-RNTI is configured to receive, by the terminal, a random access response sent by the base station;
  • Random access preamble index for the PHY layer to generate a preamble sequence based on the leading root sequence and the Preamble index
  • PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER Preamble transmission power
  • the PHY layer 1203 of the terminal can obtain a random access preamble according to the above information, and send it to the base station.
  • the PHY layer 1203 performs LBT when it is a random access of the LAA cell. Conversely, when it is a random access of a normal cell, the PHY layer 1203 does not need to perform LBT.
  • the PHY layer 1203 of the terminal fails to send a random access preamble, and has the following possibilities:
  • the LBT fails to compete successfully, and the random access preamble cannot be sent;
  • the random access preamble cannot be transmitted because the transmission power is limited.
  • the PHY layer 1203 of the terminal may indicate to the MAC layer 1201 that the power does not climb, so that the random access preamble transmission power is not increased correspondingly in the next preamble transmission.
  • the terminal prepares to randomly access the primary and secondary base stations, and then needs to send the random access preamble to the primary and secondary base stations at the same time, but may not send random access to the two base stations at the same time due to insufficient power. Leading. At this point, the terminal chooses to send only one of the random access preambles and abandon another random access preamble.
  • the terminal abandons the random access preamble transmission of the secondary base station, and when the next random access preamble transmission of the secondary base station, the terminal does not increase the random access preamble transmission power correspondingly, and sends the random access preamble to the cell of the secondary base station. That is, the power does not climb.
  • ignoring the random access response may be understood as discarding the random access response or not receiving the random access response.
  • ignoring the random access response may specifically include the following steps:
  • the PDCCH is not monitored by the RA-RNTI.
  • the PDCCH can be located in the primary cell of the primary and secondary base stations in the DC, or the primary cell in the CA.
  • the primary and secondary base stations may each have a primary cell, and all of the primary cells may be collectively referred to as a primary secondary cell (SPCell).
  • the PDCCH may be considered as not monitoring the PDCCH of all primary cells on the primary and secondary base stations.
  • the terminal when the random access response is ignored, the terminal may retransmit the random access preamble to the base station as soon as possible, improve the validity of the random access, and ensure normal communication between the terminal and the base station.
  • the terminal and/or the base station in the above device embodiments may further comprise a memory or a bus system, respectively.
  • the processor, the memory, the receiver and the transmitter are connected by a bus system for storing instructions for executing instructions stored in the memory to control the receiver to receive signals and to control the transmitter to transmit signals.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (“CPU"), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and dedicated processors. Integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to the processor.
  • a portion of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory.
  • the memory can also store information of the device type.
  • the bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to the data bus.
  • various buses are referred to as bus systems.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented as a hardware processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be taken to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种随机接入的通信方法，包括：终端接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息；终端根据随机接入前导信息，向基站发送随机接入前所述终端接收基站发送的随机接入响应，随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，上行异步HARQ进程标识用于终端向基站发送上行数据。本发明实施例提供的通信方法，相对于现有技术，一定程度上能够保证上行数据的及时传输，能够有效提高上行数据的传输可靠性。

Description

一种随机接入的通信方法、终端和基站 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种随机接入的通信方法、终端和基站。
背景技术
长期演进(Long Term Evolution，简称为“LTE”)系统中采用共享信道的方式发送数据，同样码元信号在不同的频率资源上传输，它的衰落和干扰是不相同的，而且还在不断变化。使用授权频谱的小区，称为正常(Normal)小区(也可以被称为授权小区)，这些小区所使用的频率是经过官方授权的，所以干扰是可控的，数据传输相对可靠。
现在，第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，简称为“3GPP”)引入了辅助授权频段接入(License Assisted Access，简称为“LAA”)小区，与正常小区做载波聚合(Carrier Aggregation，简称为“CA”)，LAA小区一般作为辅小区(Scell)。与正常小区不同的是，LAA小区所使用的是非授权的频段，任何人都可以使用这些频段进行通信，从而对LAA小区带来干扰，所以LAA小区的数据传输可靠度相对比较低。
同时，3GPP规定，针对LAA小区上的数据传输，无论是基站(Evolutional Node B，简称为“eNB”)还是用户设备(User Equipment，简称为“UE”)，它们在发送任何数据前都要先完成(Listen Before Talk，简称为“LBT”)过程。如果LBT成功，则数据正常发送；否则，数据不能发送。
在现有技术中，针对随机接入过程中的上行传输，UE例如可以生成媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control，简称为“MAC”)协议数据单元(Protocol Data Unit，简称为“PDU”)中，然后通知物理层向eNB上报该MAC PDU。但是，当UE通过非授权频谱小区发送该MAC PDU时，物理层传输数据之前要先进行说前先听(Listen Before Talk，简称为“LBT”)过程。如果LBT过程失败，则无法向eNB传输上行数据。因此，当UE通过非授权频谱小区进行上行传输时，按照现有流程操作，会影响上行数据的上报可靠性和及时性。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种随机接入的通信方法、终端和装置，能够有效提高上行数据的传输可靠性。
第一方面提供一种随机接入的通信方法，该方法包括：
终端接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息；
所述终端根据所述随机接入前导信息，向所述基站发送随机接入前导；
所述终端接收所述基站发送的随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
所述方法还包括：
基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述终端在所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区中，进行上行传输。
结合第一方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：
所述方法用于当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
所述终端接收所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区发送的所述随机接入前导序列；
所述终端在所述基站的所述LAA小区向所述基站发送所述随机接入前导；
所述终端接收所述基站在所述基站的主小区发送的所述随机接入响应。
结合第一方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于所述终端识别所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
结合第一方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
结合第一方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方 式中，所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
所述LBT的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
结合第一方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
第二方面提供一种随机接入的通信方法，该方法包括：
基站向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
所述基站接收所述终端发送的随机接入前导；
所述基站向所述终端发送随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
所述方法还包括：
基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与所述终端进行上行传输。
结合第二方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法用于当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区的非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入前导序列；
所述基站在所述基站的所述LAA小区接收所述终端发送的所述随机接入前导；
所述基站在所述基站的主小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入响应。
结合第二方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方 式中，所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
结合第二方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
结合第二方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
所述LBT的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
结合第二方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
第三方面，提供一种终端，包括：
接收机，用于接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息；
发射机，用于根据所述随机接入前导信息，向所述基站发送随机接入前导；
所述接收机，还用于接收所述基站发送的随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
所述终端还包括：
处理器，基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述终端在所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区中，进行上行传输。
结合第三方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于 所述LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
所述接收机，用于接收所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区发送的所述随机接入前导序列；
所述发射机，用于在所述基站的所述LAA小区向所述基站发送所述随机接入前导；
所述接收机，还用于接收所述基站在所述基站的主小区发送的所述随机接入响应。
结合第三方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于所述处理器识别所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
结合第三方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
结合第三方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，
所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
所述LBT的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
结合第三方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
第四方面提供一种基站，包括：
发送机，用于向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
接收机，用于接收所述终端发送的随机接入前导；
所述发送机，还用于向所述终端发送随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
所述基站还包括：
处理器，用于基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与所述终端进行上行传输。
结合第四方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区的非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
所述发射机，用于在所述终端的任意服务小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入前导序列；
所述接收机，用于在所述基站的所述LAA小区接收所述终端发送的所述随机接入前导；
所述发射机，还用于在所述基站的主小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入响应。
结合第四方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
结合第四方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
结合第四方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
所述LBT的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
结合第四方面及上述可能的实现方式，在第四方面的一种可能的实现方式中，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的 预留字段中。
基于上述技术方案，本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入的通信方法，在终端收到基站发送的随机接入响应后，可以根据该随机接入响应有效获取发送上行数据的上行资源，得以基于LBT的竞争成功，向基站发送上行数据，确保与基站的正常通信。因此，本发明实施例提供的方法，相对于现有技术，一定程度上能够保证上行数据的及时传输，进一步能够有效提高上行数据的传输可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出本发明实施例的应用场景的示意性流程图。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例涉及的构造MAC PDU的示意图。
图3示出了根据本发明实施例涉及的一种MAC字头格式的示意图。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例涉及的另一种MAC字头格式的示意图。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例提供的一种用于非竞争随机接入的通信方法的示意性流程图。
图6示出了本发明实施例涉及的再一应用场景的示意图。
图7示出了本发明实施例涉及的随机接入响应的配置构造示意图。
图8示出了根据本发明实施例提供的用于非竞争随机接入的通信方法的再一示意性流程图。
图9示出了根据本发明实施例提供的用于随机接入的通信方法的再一示意性流程图。
图10示出了根据本发明实施例提供的终端的示意性框图。
图11示出了根据本发明实施例提供的基站的示意性框图。
图12示出了根据本发明实施例提供的用户设备的再一示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
还应理解，在本发明实施例中，用户设备(User Equipment，简称为“UE”)也可称之为终端、移动台(Mobile Station，简称为“MS”)、移动终端(Mobile Terminal)等，该用户设备可以经无线接入网(Radio Access Network，简称为“RAN”)与一个或多个核心网进行通信，例如，用户设备可以是移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)、具有移动终端的计算机等，例如，用户设备还可以是便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置，它们与无线接入网交换语言和/或数据。
为了便于理解和描述本发明实施例提供的上行数据的传输方法和用户设备，下面首先结合图1介绍一下本发明实施例的应用场景。
在本发明实施例中，基站可以是GSM中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，简称为“BTS”)，也可以是WCDMA中的基站(NodeB，简称为“NB”)，还可以是LTE中的演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，简称为“eNB或e-NodeB”)，本发明实施例并不限定，但为描述方便，下述实施例将以eNB为例进行说明。
在LTE中，为使UE能够接入网络或与网络实现通信，引入随机接入。随机接入共有两种情况：基于竞争的随机接入与基于非竞争的随机接入。在本发明实施例中，涉及的随机接入类型主要是非竞争的随机接入。
如图1所示，对于非竞争的随机接入100，其过程主要参考如下描述：
101，基站向终端发送随机接入前导信息(random access preamble assignment)。
其中，该随机接入前导信息可以包括前导索引号(英文为preamble index)及前导根序列号(rootSequenceIndex)，其中前导根序列号和前导索引号可以是在不同的消息中发送，用于UE生成随机接入前导，例如为随机接入前导序列。并且，基站可以在切换过程或在无线资源控制(radio resource control，简称RRC)的连接态下，向终端发送该随机接入前导信息。例如，基站可以向终端发送携带有该随机接入前导信息的切换命令。又如，基站可以通过RRC消息向终端发送前导根序列号，当下行数据到达且上行定时失步时，，基站再经由物理下行控制信道(physical downlink control channel， 简称PDCCH)，向终端发送该随机接入前导信息的前导索引号，用于触发终端进行随机接入。
102，终端向基站发送随机接入前导(random access preamble，简称RA preamble)。
其中，终端可以根据基站预先配置的随机接入前导的时频资源，选择一个合适的随机接入前导的时频资源，用于发送上述随机接入前导，并根据选择的随机接入前导的时频域资源位置，获取随机接入无线网络临时标识(random access radio network temporary identity，简称RA-RNTI)。
例如经由如下公式，推导该RA-RNTI：
RA-RNTI＝1+t_id+10*f_id
其中，t_id为物理随机接入信道(phycisal random access channel，简称PRACH)资源的时域位置，f_id为该PRACH资源的频域位置。
103，基站向终端发送随机接入响应(random access response)。
其中，该随机接入响应由基站根据终端发送的随机接入前导生成。例如，当终端通过上述RA-RNTI检测到基站发送的随机接入响应。例如，该随机接入响应的子头(英文为sub-header)中包括终端向基站发送的随机接入前导索引号，则终端可获悉该随机接入响应由基站发送给该终端，而非其他终端。
并且，在引入载波聚合后，终端可以同时与多个服务小区通信，该等服务小区可以由一个基站提供。具体而言，这些服务小区可以只有一个主小区(PCell)，用于终端发送控制信令。例如，该主小区可以配置物理上行控制信道(physical uplink control channel，简称PUCCH)发送控制信令，或终端可以在主小区上接收广播消息，或接收寻呼消息。其他服务小区可以为辅小区SCell，例如辅小区可以没有上述PUCCH，终端无法在辅小区上发送上行控制信令，或无法在辅小区上接收广播消息，或接收寻呼消息。另外，出于减少其他辅小区的PDCCH盲检次数的考虑，随机接入响应消息可以通过PCell发送。
如图2所示，以发送该随机接入响应的一个媒体接入控制(medium access control，英文简称为MAC)分组数据单元(protocol data unit，英文简称为PDU)为例，一个MAC PDU可以包含MAC头(header)和MAC净荷(payload)。其中，MAC payload包括0个或至少一个MAC CE(Control  element，控制单元)(图中未示)，0个或至少一个MAC随机接入响应(Random Access Response，RAR)。例如，该随机接入响应可以称为MAC RAR，其尺寸大小确定，如48bits。可理解，上述MAC PDU还可以包括填充(英文为padding)。
MAC header包含多个子头(sub-header)，每个子头中可以包括T/R/E/RAPID/BI字段，其中，R代表保留字段，E代表是否当前的子头是该MAC PDU里的最后一个子头，T表示该子头包括随机接入前导序列索引号(random access preamble index或random access preamble identitfier，简称RAPID)或回退值(backoff indicator，简称BI)。
MAC sub-header按顺序对应MAC净荷中的单元(MAC CE，MAC RAR)，即第一sub-header对应第一个单元，第二个sub-header对应第二个单元，依次类推。可理解，终端确定每个sub-header的位置以及MAC payload的起始位置，终端根据前导索引号匹配sub-header，在根据所匹配的subheader与第一个第二种MAC子头的相对位置确定MAC RAR在MAC payload中的位置。sub-header中的BI或RAPID可以表征该sub-header所对应的单元的类型。例如，sub-header中携带RAPID时，表示第一种MAC字头格式；当sub-header中携带BI时，则表示第二种MAC字头格式。
如图3所示，为第一种MAC字头格式，例如总共为8个比特(bit)，RAPID可以占用6个比特。E表示在该MAC PDU中后面是否还有MAC字头，当E＝1可以表示还有MAC字头，当E＝0可以表示后面是随机接入响应。T表示后面是RAPID还是BI，当T＝1可以表示为第一种MAC字头的格式，当T＝0可以表示为第二种MAC字头的格式。
如图4所示，为第二种MAC字头格式，例如总共为8个比特。E表示在该MAC PDU中后面是否还有MAC字头，当E＝1可以表示还有MAC字头，当E＝0可以表示后面是随机接入响应。T表示后面是RAPID还是BI，当T＝1可以表示为第一种MAC字头的格式，当T＝0可以表示为第二种MAC字头的格式。R为保留位字段，设为0。BI用于当竞争失败，即没有接收到随机接入响应时，在BI所表示的回退值内随机选择一个时间值，把这个时间值作为回退时间。在回退时间后，终端可以继续向基站发送随机接入前导。
当UE有发送数据的需求时，须先上行同步和得到eNB的许可，即UE向eNB申请数据发送许可。应理解，UE向eNB申请数据发送许可主要有两 种方式：一种是eNB为UE配置调度请求(Scheduling Request，简称为“SR”)资源，UE通过SR资源向eNB申请数据发送许可；另一种方式eNB不为UE配置SR资源，而是UE先进行随机接入过程，再进行数据发送过程。随机接入的目的主要为获取eNB的上行授权或获取上行同步。本发明实施主要针对后一种方式，具体为非竞争的随机接入，以获取上行同步，以下进行具体描述。
eNB收到UE的随机接入前导后，进行资源调度决策，决定是否为该UE提供相应的服务，如通知上行时间提前量，以便上行同步；和/或，分配上行资源，以便上行传输。eNB资源调度的最小单元是物理资源块，物理资源块是由时域资源和频域资源共同构成的，物理资源块在时域上为1ms的时间资源，在频域上为12个子载波的频率资源。eNB在物理资源块上完成数据调度。如果eNB决定为该UE提供服务，则为该UE分配上行传输资源，然后通过物理下行控制信道(Physical Downlink Control Channel，简称为“PDCCH”)向UE下发上行授权(Uplink Grant，简称为“UL grant”)，该UL grant可以包括调制编码方式(Modulation and coding Scheme，简称为“MCS”)、物理资源块(physical resource block，简称为“PRB”)等信息。该UL grant例如用于告诉该UE可以在哪个时间哪个载波上传输数据，以及采用的调制编码方案，以便UE传输上行数据。
目前，第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，简称为“3GPP”)引入了授权辅助接入(License Assisted Access，简称为“LAA”)小区，并将LAA小区与授权频谱小区做载波聚合(Carrier Aggregation，简称为“CA”)，应理解，LAA小区与授权频谱小区做载波聚合，授权频谱小区可以作为主小区PCell，LAA小区可以作为辅助小区(Secondary Cell，简称为“SCell”)。应理解，载波聚合是LTE/LTE-A中的一项技术，UE可以同时与多个服务小区进行数据传输，任意两个小区之间的连接可以认为是理想的，即传输时延可以忽略，这些服务小区可以都属于同一个基站。在本发明实施例中，多个服务小区包括授权频谱小区和LAA小区。
在LAA小区与授权频谱小区作载波聚合的场景下，UE的服务小区有多个，其中包括LAA小区。应理解，UE通过LAA小区发送上行数据之前，需要先进行说前先听(Listen before talk，简称为“LBT”)过程。LBT指的是UE在发送上行数据前需要进行信道能量检测，如果检测到信道能量低于某 个门限，则认为信道空闲，可以占用信道发送上行数据(也可称之为LBT成功)；否则，认为信道忙碌，无法发送上行数据(也可称之为LBT失败)。
结合上述图1可知，当前技术中，UE都是基于正常小区进行非竞争的随机接入。当终端接收到基站发送的随机接入响应后，可以确保向基站成功进行上行传输。而在LAA小区与正常小区做载波聚合的场景下，如果UE或基站选择与LAA小区进行非竞争的随机接入，在物理层收到MAC PDU携带属于该终端的随机接入响应后，首先进行LBT过程。只有在LBT成功的情况下才可以实现上行数据的发送。
应理解，上行数据的发送需要两个步骤：首先是获取基站分配的上行授权，其次是LBT成功。因此，在UE的服务小区为LAA小区与正常小区载波聚合的场景下，当UE基于LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入时，现有的终端向基站进行上行传输的方法，降低了上报上行的可靠性和及时性，从而影响了终端与基站的上行通信。
针对上述技术问题，本发明实施例提出一种上行数据的传输方法和用户设备，能够有效实现基于LAA小区的非竞争随机接入的上行有效性上报。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例提供的一种用于非竞争随机接入的通信方法500，该方法500包括：
510，终端接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息。
530，终端根据随机接入前导信息，向基站发送随机接入前导。
550，终端接收基站发送的随机接入响应，随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，上行异步HARQ进程标识用于终端向基站发送上行数据。
应理解，上述方法用于当基站的LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，终端基于LAA小区的非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
终端接收基站在终端的任意服务小区发送的随机接入前导信息；
终端在基站的LAA小区向基站发送随机接入前导；
终端接收基站在终端的主小区发送的随机接入响应。
在本发明实施例中，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识，用于异步HARQ模式下的上行数据的新传，该新传数据所对应的冗余版本(redundency version，英文简称RV)为0。例如，基站在第m号子帧向终端发送包括上行授权的随机接入响应，终端在m+4号子帧向基站进行上行初传。
同步HARQ与异步HARQ的区别详述如下：
针对同步HARQ，例如终端可以选择任意空闲的进程进行数据初传，且HARQ进程号配置为2，则终端可以在第0号子帧向基站发送上行数据，或，则终端后续会在第8号子帧再进行上行数据的新传。故，同步HARQ时序的子帧间隔为8。
针对异步HARQ，例如基站指示终端在第0号子帧采用HARQ进程2，在第8号子帧采用HARQ进程1。以初传为例，基站均通过下行控制信息(downlink control indicator，简称DCI)指示终端在具体的子帧用具体的HARQ进程进行上行传输。在本发明实施中，该DCI可以为基站向终端发送的随机接入响应里的一项内容。
基于LAA小区的LBT机制，应用HARQ同步，则增加了上行新传的不可靠性。因为该LAA小区对应的非授权频谱的信道终端可能无法竞争获取，而同步HARQ必须保证在设定的子帧上进行上行新传，且在间隔相同的子帧上再进行上行初传，当LBT失败导致上述子帧无法初传时，则增加了传输时延。
相反，HARQ异步机制则可以降低传输时延，因为基站可以通过DCI灵活指示终端在特定子帧上进行上行初传，相对于HARQ同步机制降低了传输时延。
应理解，上述随机接入响应还可以包括说前先听LBT信息，该LBT信息用于终端获取非授权频谱的信道。
具体而言，在载波聚合小区中，所有小区都可以子帧对齐，即具有统一的子帧边界和子帧号。由于LAA小区使用的是非授权频谱。具体的，LAA小区的频谱范围可为2.4到2.5千兆赫兹(英文为GHz)，或5到6GHz，或60到70GHz等频谱中的相应带宽大小的信道。当基站或终端在发送数据之前，需要先做LBT，监听该非授权频谱的信道是否被占用。如果已经被占用，则继续监听，直到发现信道空闲，再进行发送。对基站来说，一旦发现信道空闲，就可以开始传输数据。而对UE来说，需要满足两个条件，才能传输数据。第一个条件是获得基站分配的上行资源，第二个条件是UE进行成功的LBT。
在本发明实施例中，随机接入响应还可以指示用于终端进行上行传输的上行资源位于LAA小区的非授权频谱的信道。例如，基站在第m号子帧为 UE分配上行资源，该资源分配指示可以通过正常小区(即授权小区)发出，也可以通过LAA小区发出。无论基站通过哪个小区向终端发送资源分配指示，都会指示UE，向其分配的上行资源位于LAA小区。
当获得资源分配指示后，UE可以在第(m+4)号子帧前做LBT，监听信道是否被占用。如果被占用，即LBT失败，则不在第(m+4)号子帧发送上行数据。如果上述信道没有被占用，则LBT成功，就在第(m+4)号子帧通过LAA小区发送上行数据。终端可以按照基站指定的参数进行上行传输，上述参数可以包括以下至少一种：数据包大小(trasport block，简称TB size)，调制解调方式(modulation and coding scheme，简称MCS)，功率谱密度。基站可以根据自行指定的格式，在预定的时频资源位置接收该上行数据。
目前的LBT过程主要有以下几种方式：
1)第二类LBT(category 2 LBT)：没有回退的空闲信道评估(Clear Channel Assessment，英文简称CCA)检测，在确定的时机CCA检测，即信道能量检测低于一定门限，发送数据；信道能量检测高于一定门限，信道检测为忙碌，不进行回退，不发送数据。还可以，继续在确定的时机CCA检测，直到CCA检测信道空闲。其中，CCA检测的时间可以大于或等于9微秒(us)。
2)第三类LBT(category 3 LBT)：在固定窗口内进行回退的CCA检测，即在一个固定的回退时间窗口内选择一个回退值，只有在检测至少回退值个空闲的CCA检测的时间后，才能发送数据。
3)第四类LBT(category 4 LBT)：在可变窗口进行回退的CCA检测，即在一个回退时间窗口内选择一个回退值，只有在检测至少回退值个空闲的CCA检测的时间后，才能发送数据。但是这个回退时间窗口是可变的。可理解，上述方法还可以包括：基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述终端在所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区中，进行上行传输。
在本发明实施例中，上述随机接入响应还可以包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
LBT的时间间隔，用于指示终端进行LBT的时域位置；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与上行传输的子帧间隔；或
上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
在本发明实施例中，随机接入响应还可以包括上行授权。其中，上行异 步HARQ进程标识和LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应的上行授权的预留字段中。
在本发明实施例中，随机接入响应还可以包括物理小区标识(physical layer cell indenty，英文简称为PCI)，用于终端识别随机接入响应是否适用于该终端。示例性的，PCI是由主同步信号(Primary Synchronisation Signal，英文简称为PSS)与辅同步信号(secondary synchronization signal，英文简称为SSS)组成，可以通过简单运算获得，比如:PCI＝PSS+3*SSS。
具体而言，随着吞吐量的要求越来越大，越来越多的小区进行密集部署。即在有限的前导序列索引的条件下，需要支持多个终端在多个小区的非竞争随机接入。
在载波聚合场景中，可以同时存在基站向终端发送的针对LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入的随机接入响应，及针对正常小区进行非竞争随机接入的随机接入响应，上述两种随机接入响应所包含的内容或大小都可以相同或不同。如果上述随机接入响应均使用相同的随机接入前导索引，UE需要在一个MAC PDU中，鉴别属于自己的随机接入响应。在一个MAC PDU中，例如只能由一种类型的随机接入响应组成，即针对LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入的随机接入响应，与针对正常小区进行非竞争随机接入的随机接入响应，两者择一存在。UE可以通过以下方式进行区别：
方案1：针对RA-RNTI的获取，LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入的UE不同与针对正常小区进行非竞争随机接入的UE，从而保证LAA小区的RA-RNTI和正常小区的RA-RNTI不重叠。例如，针对LAA小区的RA-RNTI，可以通过如下公式获取：
LAA RA-RNTI＝1+t_id+10*f_id+k。
其中，其中，t_id为物理随机接入信道(phycisal random access channel，简称PRACH)资源的时域资源位置，f_id为该PRACH资源的频域位置，k为60，或大于60的正整数。
方案2：针对LAA小区的UE与针对正常小区的UE使用不同的前导序列。例如，一个Preamble只能由一种类型的UE使用，即LAA小区中的UE或正常小区中的UE。
方案3：针对LAA小区的随机接入响应只能通过某特定小区发送，不经由PCell。该特定小区可用于传输LAA小区的随机接入响应，但不能传输 正常小区的随机接入响应。具体由哪个特定小区发送LAA小区的随机接入响应，可以由基站配置。
通过以上几种方案可以区分MAC PDU是由LAA小区的随机接入响应构成，还是正常小区的随机接入响应构成。即上述方案可以区分小区级的随机接入响应。
进一步，当小区内的随机接入前导索引相同时，针对不同LAA小区内的UE，可以通过在随机接入响应中携带的PCI进行UE级区分。
具体如图6所示，UE A和UE B都属于相同的PCell，但是SCeLL不一样。UE的SCell是LAA SCell1，而UE B的SCell为LAA SCell2，并且基站为上述UE分配了相同的随机接入前导索引号(Preamble index或Preamble IDentitfier，英文简称RAPID)，例如都是第60号前导序列。由于这两个SCell工作在不同的频段，或者，前导根序列不一样，那么即使都是第60号前导序列，最后发送的随机接入前导还是不一样的，所以之间就不会有干扰，基站能同时解码这个随机接入前导。所以在一个MAC PDU里边，就有UE A的随机接入响应消息，又有UE B的随机接入响应消息。那么UE A或者UE B可以通过随机接入响应中的PCI识别属于自己的随机接入响应消息。
综合以上所述，图7描述了针对随机接入响应的具体配置，可以包括以下至少一种：
定时偏移(timing advance command)；
上行授权(uplink grant，简称UL grant)；
LBT信息，可以包括使用哪一种类型的LBT，或，针对所使用的LBT类型的参数配置。例如，对于第四类LBT，通知终端如何选择回退时间或回退窗口大小等；
PCI；
上行异步HARQ进程标识。
可理解，上述HARQ进程标识可以位于上述随机接入响应的任意字段内，如可位于定时偏移和/或上行授权的预留字段内。或者，在随机接入响应中新增一个预留字段，如LAA小区字段，上述HARQ进程标识、LBT信息和PCI的至少一项包含在该预留字段中。
因此，在本发明实施例中，避免针对LAA小区的非竞争随机接入场景下，终端因LBT失败竞争信道失败所造成的上报时延，能够有效提高终端 上传上行数据的及时性和可靠性。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，在一个MAC PDU里，可以同时存在针对LAA小区的随机接入响应和针对正常小区的随机接入响应。
例如，LAA小区和正常小区可以使用相同的RA-RNTI，导致在一个MAC PDU里可以同时存在针对LAA小区的随机接入响应和针对正常小区的随机接入响应。
基站在发送针对LAA小区的随机接入响应和针对正常小区的随机接入响应时，可以把针对正常小区的随机接入响应放在针对LAA小区的随机接入响应前。可理解，本发明实施例中，可以通过随机接入响应的保留字段R，标识对于LAA小区的随机接入响应。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，终端设备发送上行数据MAC PDU时，携带上行异步HARQ进程标识，以便基站根据接收到的HARQ进程标识和MAC PDU，进行相应HARQ进程的数据合并。例如，上述上行MAC PDU可于终端接收到随机接入响应后进行。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，同时适用于基站内和基站间的载波聚合，且基于载波聚合的随机接入，同时适用于竞争的随机接入和非竞争的随机接入。基站间的载波聚合又被称为双连接(dual connection，简称DC)。在本发明实施例中，基站内的载波聚合可包括LAA小区，基站间的载波聚合指正常小区，也可包括LAA小区。
下面，对终端的协议栈配置结构进行说明。
可选地，该终端具有终端协议栈，在本实施例中，该终端协议栈用于在该终端侧实现与该基站之间通信的数据处理。应理解，该终端协议栈仅为示例性说明，本发明并不限定于此，其他能够在终端侧实现基站与终端之间的通信的协议栈均落入本发明的保护范围内。并且，上述基站与终端之间的通信包括能够行使基站功能的接入网节点与终端之间的通信。例如，能够实现中继节点(Relay Node，简称RN)与终端之间通信的终端协议栈同样落入本发明的保护范围。
作为示例而非限定，上述终端协议栈可以包括以下协议层：分组数据汇聚协议(Packet Data Convergence Protocol，简称PDCP)层、无线链路控制(Radio Link Control，简称RLC)层、媒体接入控制(Media Access Control，简称MAC)层和物理(Physical，简称PHY)层。PDCP层主要用于对信息 进行压缩和解压缩/加密和解密；RLC层主要用于实现自动重传请求(Automatic Repeat Request，简称ARQ)的相关功能，对信息进行分段和级联或对分段和级联的信息进行重组；MAC层主要用于对传输格式组合的选择，实现调度和混合自动重传请求(Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request，简称HARQ)的相关功能；PHY层主要用于为MAC层和高层提供信息传输的服务，根据选择的传输格式组合进行编码调制处理或解调解码处理。
本发明实施例提供再一种随机接入的通信方法800，该方法可同时适用于竞争的随机接入和非竞争的随机接入。
如图8所示，上述方法包括：
801，终端的MAC层指示终端的PHY层发送随机接入前导(preamble)。
可理解，终端的MAC层可向终端的PHY层发送以下至少一种信息：
PRACH资源，用于向基站发送随机接入前导；
RA-RNTI，用于终端接收基站发送的随机接入响应；
随机接入前导索引(preamble index)，用于PHY层根据前导根序列和Preamble index生成一个前导序列；或
前导传输功率(PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER)。
可理解，终端的PHY层可根据上述信息，获取随机接入前导，并向基站发送。
可理解，当为LAA小区的随机接入时，该PHY层进行LBT。反之，当为正常小区的随机接入时，该PHY层无需进行LBT。
803，该终端的PHY层指示该终端的MAC层，上述随机接入前导发送失败。
可理解，上述终端的PHY层可通过隐示或显示方式指示该终端的MAC层，上述随机接入前导发送失败。
可理解，该终端的PHY层发送随机接入前导失败，有以下可能：
对于随机接入LAA小区的终端，LBT未能竞争成功，导致无法发送上述随机接入前导；或者，
对于随机接入LAA小区和/或正常小区的终端，由于发送功率受限，导致无法发送随机接入前导。
可理解，也可由于其他原因，导致无法发送随机接入前导。
上述两种情况下，终端的PHY层均可向MAC层指示功率不攀升，以便 在下一次前导传输时不相应增加随机接入前导的发送功率。例如，以DC场景为例，终端准备随机接入主、辅基站，则需要同时向主、辅基站发送随机接入前导，但可能由于功率不够，无法同时向上述两个基站发送随机接入前导。此时，终端可以选择只发送其中一个随机接入前导，而放弃发送另外一个随机接入前导。示例性的，终端放弃辅基站的随机接入前导发送，那么在辅基站的下一次随机接入前导发送时，终端不相应增加随机接入前导发送的功率，向辅基站的小区发送随机接入前导，即为功率不攀升。
805，该终端的MAC层忽略基站发送的随机接入响应。
在本发明实施例中，忽略上述随机接入响应，可理解为丢弃该随机接入响应、或不进行该随机接入响应的接收。可选的，该终端可通过MAC层忽略基站发送的随机接入响应。
具体而言，忽略该随机接入响应，具体可包括以下步骤：
不启动随机接入响应窗口的定时器，或
不通过RA-RNTI监听PDCCH。
可理解，PDCCH可位于DC里主、辅基站的主小区上，或CA里的主小区。例如，主、辅基站均可具有一个主小区，上述所有的主小区可统称为主辅小区(SPCell),不监听PDCCH可认为是不监听主、辅基站上所有的主小区的PDCCH，或不监听任意一个主小区的PDCCH。
在本发明实施例中，当忽略上述随机接入响应，则终端的MAC层指示终端的PHY层，尽快向基站再次发送随机接入前导，提升随机接入的时效性，确保终端和基站的正常通信。
如图9所示，以随机接入响应窗口的定时器时长为10毫秒(ms)为例，当终端不启动该定时器时，在该时长内，一旦终端获取可用于发送随机接入前导的PRACH时，即可经由该PRACH向基站发送随机接入前导。
如图10所示，为根据本发明实施例的终端1000的示意性框图，该终端1000包括：
发送机1010，用于向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
接收机1030，用于接终端发送的随机接入前导；
发送机1010，还用于向终端发送随机接入响应，随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，上行异步HARQ进程标识用于终端向基站发送上行数据。
可选的，上述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，LBT信息用于终端获取非授权频谱的信道。
可选的，该基站还包括处理器1050，用于基于非授权频谱的信道，基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与终端进行上行传输。
可选的，当基站的LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，终端基于LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
发送机1010，用于在终端的任意服务小区向终端发送随机接入前导序列；
接收机1030，用于在基站的LAA小区接收终端发送的随机接入前导；
发送机1010，还用于在基站的主小区向终端发送随机接入响应。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示随机接入响应是否适用于终端。
可选的，随机接入响应进一步指示用于终端进行上行传输的上行资源位于LAA小区的非授权频谱的信道。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行上行传输；
LBT的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与上行传输的子帧间隔，随机接入响应还包括上行授权；
上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括上行授权，上行异步HARQ进程标识和LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为上行授权的预留字段中。
因此，在本发明实施例中，避免针对LAA小区的非竞争随机接入场景下，终端因LBT失败竞争信道失败所造成的上报时延，能够有效提高终端上传上行数据的及时性和可靠性。
应理解，根据本发明实施例的终端1000可对应于本发明实施例的用于非竞争随机接入的通信方法，并且终端1000中的各个模块的上述和其它操作和/或功能分别为了实现图1至图9中的各个方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
图11示出了根据本发明实施例的基站1100的示意性框图，该基站1100包括：
发送机1101，用于向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
接收机1103，用于接收终端发送的随机接入前导；
发送机1101，还用于向终端发送随机接入响应，随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，上行异步HARQ进程标识用于终端向基站发送上行数据。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，LBT信息用于终端获取非授权频谱的信道。
可选的，基站还包括处理器1105，用于基于非授权频谱的信道，基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与终端进行上行传输。
可选的，当基站的LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，终端基于LAA小区的非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
发送机1101，用于在终端的任意服务小区向终端发送随机接入前导序列；
接收机1103，用于在基站的LAA小区接收终端发送的随机接入前导；
发送机1101，还用于在基站的主小区向终端发送随机接入响应。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示随机接入响应是否适用于终端。
可选的，随机接入响应进一步指示用于终端进行上行传输的上行资源位于LAA小区的非授权频谱的信道。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
所述T的时间间隔；
子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述传输的子帧间隔，所述接入响应还包括所述授权；
所述传输的开始符号与结束符号。
可选的，随机接入响应还包括上行授权，上行异步HARQ进程标识和LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为上行授权的预留字段中。
因此，在本发明实施例中，避免针对LAA小区的非竞争随机接入场景下，终端因LBT失败竞争信道失败所造成的上报时延，能够有效提高终端上传上行数据的及时性和可靠性。
应理解，根据本发明实施例的基站1100可对应于本发明实施例的用于 非竞争随机接入的通信方法，并且基站1100中的各个模块的上述和其它操作和/或功能分别为了实现图1至图9中的各个方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
图12示出了根据本发明实施例的终端1200的示意性框图，该终端1200包括：
终端的MAC层1201指示终端的PHY层1203发送随机接入前导(preamble)；
该终端的PHY层1203指示该终端的MAC层1201，上述随机接入前导发送失败；
该终端的MAC层1201忽略基站发送的随机接入响应。
可理解，终端的MAC层1201可向终端的PHY层发送以下至少一种信息：
PRACH资源，用于向基站发送随机接入前导；
RA-RNTI，用于终端接收基站发送的随机接入响应；
随机接入前导索引(preamble index)，用于PHY层根据前导根序列和Preamble index生成一个前导序列；或
前导传输功率(PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER)。
可理解，终端的PHY层1203可根据上述信息，获取随机接入前导，并向基站发送。
可理解，当为LAA小区的随机接入时，该PHY层1203进行LBT。反之，当为正常小区的随机接入时，该PHY层1203无需进行LBT。
可理解，该终端的PHY层1203发送随机接入前导失败，有以下可能：
对于随机接入LAA小区的终端，LBT未能竞争成功，导致无法发送上述随机接入前导；或者，
对于随机接入LAA小区和/或正常小区的终端，由于发送功率受限，导致无法发送随机接入前导
可理解，也可由于其他原因，导致无法发送上述随机接入前导。
上述情况下，终端的PHY层1203均可向MAC层1201指示功率不攀升，以便在下一次前导传输时不相应增加随机接入前导发送功率。例如，以DC场景为例，终端准备随机接入主、辅基站，则需要同时向主、辅基站发送随机接入前导，但可能由于功率不够，无法同时向上述两个基站发送随机接入 前导。此时，终端选择只发送其中一个随机接入前导，而放弃发送另外一个随机接入前导。示例性的，终端放弃辅基站的随机接入前导发送，那么在辅基站的下一次随机接入前导发送时，终端不相应增加随机接入前导发送功率，向辅基站的小区发送随机接入前导，即为功率不攀升。
在本发明实施例中，忽略上述随机接入响应，可理解为丢弃该随机接入响应、或不进行该随机接入响应的接收。
具体而言，忽略该随机接入响应，具体可包括以下步骤：
不启动随机接入响应窗口的定时器，或
不通过RA-RNTI监听PDCCH。
可理解，PDCCH可位于DC里主、辅基站的主小区上，或CA里的主小区。例如，主、辅基站均可具有一个主小区，上述所有的主小区可统称为主辅小区(SPCell),不监听PDCCH可认为是不监听主、辅基站上所有的主小区的PDCCH。
在本发明实施例中，当忽略上述随机接入响应，则终端可以尽快向基站再次发送随机接入前导，提升随机接入的有效性，确保终端和基站的正常通信。
上述装置实施例中的终端和/或基站还可以分别进一步包括存储器或总线系统。其中，处理器、存储器、接收机和发射机通过总线系统相连，该存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制接收机接收信号，并控制发射机发送信号。
应理解，在本发明实施例中，该处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
该存储器可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器提供指令和数据。存储器的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器还可以存储设备类型的信息。
该总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在本发明实施例中，将各种总线都称为总线系统。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本发明实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
还应理解，本文中涉及的第一、第二等各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本发明实施例的范围。
应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本发明的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种随机接入的通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息；
    所述终端根据所述随机接入前导信息，向所述基站发送随机接入前导；
    所述终端接收所述基站发送的随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
    所述方法还包括：
    基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述终端在所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区中，进行上行传输。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法用于当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
    所述终端接收所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区发送的所述随机接入前导序列；
    所述终端在所述基站的所述LAA小区向所述基站发送所述随机接入前导；
    所述终端接收所述基站在所述基站的主小区发送的所述随机接入响应。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于所述终端识别所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
  5. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
    调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
    所述LBT的时间间隔；
    子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机 接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
    所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
  8. 一种随机接入的通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
    所述基站接收所述终端发送的随机接入前导；
    所述基站向所述终端发送随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
    所述方法还包括：
    基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与所述终端进行上行传输。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法用于当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区的非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
    所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入前导序列；
    所述基站在所述基站的所述LAA小区接收所述终端发送的所述随机接入前导；
    所述基站在所述基站的主小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入响应。
  11. 如权利要求8至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
  12. 如权利要求8至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
  13. 如权利要求8至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
    调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
    所述LBT的时间间隔；
    子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
    所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
  14. 如权利要求8至13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
  15. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    接收机，用于接收基站发送的随机接入前导信息；
    发射机，用于根据所述随机接入前导信息，向所述基站发送随机接入前导；
    所述接收机，还用于接收所述基站发送的随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的终端，其特征在于，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
    所述终端还包括：
    处理器，基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述终端在所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区中，进行上行传输。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的终端，其特征在于，当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区进行非竞争随机接入，具体包括：
    所述接收机，用于接收所述基站在所述终端的任意服务小区发送的所述随机接入前导序列；
    所述发射机，用于在所述基站的所述LAA小区向所述基站发送所述随机接入前导；
    所述接收机，还用于接收所述基站在所述基站的主小区发送的所述随机 接入响应。
  18. 如权利要求15至17任一项所述的终端，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于所述处理器识别所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
  19. 如权利要求15至18任一项所述的终端，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
  20. 如权利要求15至19任一项所述的终端，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
    调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
    所述LBT的时间间隔；
    子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
    所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
  21. 如权利要求15至20任一项所述的终端，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
  22. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    发送机，用于向终端发送随机接入前导信息；
    接收机，用于接收所述终端发送的随机接入前导；
    所述发送机，还用于向所述终端发送随机接入响应，所述随机接入响应包括上行异步混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识用于所述终端向所述基站发送上行数据。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的基站，其特征在于，所述随机接入响应还包括说前先听LBT信息，所述LBT信息用于所述终端获取非授权频谱的信道；
    所述基站还包括：
    处理器，用于基于所述非授权频谱的信道，所述基站的辅助授权接入LAA小区与所述终端进行上行传输。
  24. 如权利要求22或23所述的基站，其特征在于，当所述基站的所述LAA小区和授权小区载波聚合时，所述终端基于所述LAA小区的非竞争随 机接入，具体包括：
    所述发射机，用于在所述终端的任意服务小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入前导序列；
    所述接收机，用于在所述基站的所述LAA小区接收所述终端发送的所述随机接入前导；
    所述发射机，还用于在所述基站的主小区向所述终端发送所述随机接入响应。
  25. 如权利要求22至24任一项所述的基站，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括物理小区标识PCI，用于指示所述随机接入响应是否适用于所述终端。
  26. 如权利要求22至25任一项所述的基站，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应进一步指示用于所述终端进行所述上行传输的上行资源位于所述LAA小区的所述非授权频谱的信道。
  27. 如权利要求22至26任一项所述的基站，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括以下至少一种：
    调度子帧数，用于一次调度多个子帧进行所述上行传输；
    所述LBT的时间间隔；
    子帧偏置值，用于指示上行授权与所述上行传输的子帧间隔，所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权；
    所述上行传输的开始符号与结束符号。
  28. 如权利要求22至27任一项所述的基站，其特征在于：
    所述随机接入响应还包括所述上行授权，所述上行异步HARQ进程标识和所述LBT信息中的至少一种，位于随机接入响应为所述上行授权的预留字段中。
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