WO2017187444A1 - Concentrateur de secteur à étages multiples pour cellule photovoltaïque concentrée - Google Patents

Concentrateur de secteur à étages multiples pour cellule photovoltaïque concentrée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017187444A1
WO2017187444A1 PCT/IN2017/000089 IN2017000089W WO2017187444A1 WO 2017187444 A1 WO2017187444 A1 WO 2017187444A1 IN 2017000089 W IN2017000089 W IN 2017000089W WO 2017187444 A1 WO2017187444 A1 WO 2017187444A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrator
collector
cpv
primary
dual axis
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Application number
PCT/IN2017/000089
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English (en)
Inventor
Nagasandra Shankar Rao CHANDRASEKHAR
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AGARWAL, Reema
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Publication date
Application filed by AGARWAL, Reema filed Critical AGARWAL, Reema
Publication of WO2017187444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017187444A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates multistage area concentrator for concentrated photo voltaic. More particularly, the present invention encompasses a comprehensive multistage CPV solution with multistage solar insolence concentrator with a provision of peaking the efficiency in terms of concentration collection followed by increase in power generation by many folds.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the conventional technologies used for direct conversion of sunlight into electricity include, for the most part: i) building- integrated "flat-plate” PV solar panels (rooftops/solar farms), and ii) ground-based continuous flat PV arrays, both depending on direct or normal exposure to solar radiant energy to produce their rated power outputs.
  • Most of these conventional setups pose several common yet serious limitations especially when used in medium- and large-scale applications (i.e. , at the hundreds of KWs and MWs power output levels):
  • the PV solar panels require reliable weather-proofing to protect them from the long-term degradation of the weather and also large supporting metal structures occupying significant areas of land for installing hundreds of flat PV panels needed for the respective solar power plants. That adds considerable installation, maintenance & operation costs to the already high costs of the flat PV panels and their related supporting infrastructure;
  • a Dual-stage parabolic concentrator is disclosed in a PCT application WO 2015193870 A2 by Karthigueyane LAKSHMANAN et al.
  • the disclosed improvised Solar Concentrator and Absorber / Receiver Subsystem uses a Dual-Stage Parabolic Concentrator for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) (Thermal) system comprises of two parabolic mirrored reflectors wherein their apertures face each other with their focal point/line and axes coincides with each other, a plurality of absorber tubes/cavities placed on the non- reflecting side of the primary and/or secondary reflectors to carry heat transfer fluid, combined with relevant mechanisms to prevent/minimize thermal loss, mounted on a Sun tracking mechanism.
  • CSP Concentrating Solar Power
  • Concentrating solar radiation devices can use refractive optics (e g. , parabolic mirrors, trough, cone and trapezoidal-shaped mirrors), and/or reflective optics (lens) and/or a combination of different such optical elements in one or multi-stage arrangements, to yield high concentration ratios on the order of 50*. or more suns. Precise alignments of the concentrators with the sun through adequate tracking systems can increase the energy generation up to 30%.
  • the biggest challenges of the CPV are the pointing accuracy to the sun and good thermal management in the area of the high efficiency MJ PV cells.
  • the high concentration photovoltaic (HC PV) cells require precise alignment of the optical devices with the sun— a flat PV panel is able to perform at 90% of its maximum power output even with 20 degrees angular error of its tracking system, while an angular error greater than ⁇ 2 degrees in a CPV assembly would render the system's power generation essentially down to zero (see, U. S. Pat. No. 6,091 ,020).
  • flat panels can take advantage of the diffusively reflected sunlight from the environment, which the CPV cannot access—for example, if a flat PV panel receives 1 ,000 W/m 2 in total irradiance, a CPV can access only 850 W/m 2 , which is direct normal irradiance. Therefore, with the CPV systems, accurate sun tracking is crucial. Thermal management of the CPV systems has all the thermal challenges of the flat PV systems and, in addition, the challenge of having to conduct heat away from a considerably smaller area of the PV cells than that of the conventional flat PV panels.
  • cooling methods can be employed to effectively combat heat build-up in a CPV system including passive cooling heat sinks, active heat sinks (e.g. , water cooling) or spectral cooling, depending on the specifics of the system application and the best fit cooling option for the system integration.
  • CPV systems are generally grouped into three classes depending on the level of solar concentration:
  • Low-concentration CPV 2 - 10 suns - these are the simplest systems; they can usually use conventional silicon solar cells, and usually do not require active cell cooling. Low concentration stationary non-imaging optics is most suitable for this application.
  • Medium-concentration CPV 10 - 100 suns - these systems may use either conventional silicon solar cells or high-efficiency lll-V multi-junction cells and usually require active cell cooling.
  • One-axis tracking linear concentrators are most suitable for this application.
  • High-concentration CPV 100 - 1000 suns - these systems require extremely efficient (>35%) multijunction cells and sophisticated cell thermal management systems Two-axis tracking point focus or multistage concentrators are required for this application.
  • the present invention primarily relates to a multistage solar concentrated photo voltaic arrangement configured for harvesting solar energy.
  • the available solar insolence is concentrated multiple times before using i.e. exposing it to solar cells.
  • the proposed systematic approach is closed loop, multiple stage wise reflective and supervisory controlled and is designed to accommodate the whole arrangement on a single base and using a very small area. While the arrangement can be easily installed as a stand-alone portable/remote solar power system or incorporated in a building structure as a building-integrated power application.
  • a multistage dual axis four quadrant area concentrator for CPV comprising ofa primary parabolic reflective concentrator with aperture configured to focus the orthogonally incoming collimated solar insolence toward a focal point f(p);at least one collector concentrator, which is essentially a feed reflective conical aperture concentrator with a focal point f(c), a receiver concentrator (solar panel), which is an array of photovoltaic cells, placed over a conical surface and positioned with a focal point f(r), which is measured from the focal point of the collector concentrator (f(p)) and is configured to receive the multistage concentrated solar insolence from the collector concentrator; wherein the primary concentration levels are achieved by the ratio of f ⁇ p)/f(c) which is also the ratio of the linear dimensions of the primary concentrator and collector concentrator;wherein the position of the collector concentrator is f(p) + f(c); andwherein the area concentration ratio is adjustable.
  • a method for assembly of multistage dual axis four quadrant area concentrator for CPV comprising of laying and configuring a primary parabolic reflective concentrator with aperture aligned to focus the orthogonally incoming collimated solar insolence toward a focal point f(p);positioning at least one collector concentrator, which is essentially a feed reflective conical aperture concentrator with a focal point f(c); positioning a receiver concentrator, which is an array of photovoltaic cells, placed over a conical surface and positioned with a focal point f(r), which is measured from the focal point of the collector concentrator (f(p)) and is configured to receive the multistage concentrated solar insolence from the collector concentrator; wherein the primary concentration levels are achieved by the ratio of f(p)/f(c) which is also the ratio of the linear dimensions of the primary concentrator a nd collector concentrator;wherein the position of the collector concentrator is f(p) + f(c) ; and wherein the area concentration ratio is
  • It is another object of this invention to provide a multistage concentrator for solar insolence comprising collector concentrator which is subdivided into plurality of collector concentra tors facing each other and their focal axes coincide each other and further configured to be installed over a movable stand for tracking the sun in real time.
  • the reflecting surfaces of the primary and collector concentrators includes a t least one from glass, metal , polymers or synthetic materials and / or combination of any of these materials.
  • the reflecting surfaces of the primary concentrator and collector concentrators are assembled piece wise parabolic and/or conical reflectors.
  • the reflecting surfaces of the primary concentrator and collector concentrators a re secured with velcro tapes for easy repair / replacements
  • the present invention teaches a novel combination and a rrangement of parts, either commercially available or specifically designed and described below. It should be understood that changes and variations may be made in the detailed design of the parts, including the solar concentration means, the HC sunlight transmission and light distribution devices and the compact 3D CPV assembly without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.
  • Fig 1 illustrates the basic block diagram of multistage CPV in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig 2 illustrates a line drawing of the optics of multistage CPV including three stage concentration, collection and reception in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig 3 illustrates a pictorial representation of the multistage CPV in accordance with the present invention
  • multistage reflective concentrated photo voltaic (CPV) power generation system as shown in Fig 3 and the method thereof such as herein described is selected systems selected for the purpose of illustrating the invention include a primary parabolic sunlight concentrator, a plurality collector concentrators and a receiver.
  • CPV photo voltaic
  • Fig, 1 shows a block schematic diagram of the proposed system with multistage CPV- system for concentrating and transforming solar energy into electrical energy.
  • the proposed system includes a primary parabolic concentrator configured for reflecting all impinging solar insolence to its focal point which is collected and further concentrated by a secondary collector concentrator and thereafter exposed to a receiver solar panel configured for efficient conversion of concentrated solar insolence to equivalent electrical power.
  • there may be a plurality of collector concentrators wherein the said collector concentrators face each other and their focal axes coincide each other. Further the focal axis of the primary concentrator is also coinciding with the focal axes of the collector concentrators.
  • the plurality of collector concentrators are so arranged so that the solar insolence reflected by the primary concentrator gets reflected and concentrated from first collector and thereafter second collector and so on till it hits the solar panel.
  • FIG. 2 A line schematic diagram showing the multiple reflections through primary concentrator and collector concentrator is shown in Fig 2.
  • the arrangement may further include a sun sensing and sun tracking mechanism configured for sensing and tracking the real time location and intensity of the available sun light as exemplary embodiments.
  • the sun sensing and tracking mechanism as discussed herein is based on 2 ⁇ 4 quadrant topology.
  • the sun position sensor is mounted on disclosed multistage concentrated photo voltaic system for real time sensing and tracking of sun round the clock over the year continuously.
  • the optics for the disclosed multistage CPV comprises of three stage concentration collection and reception as shown in Fig 2 (a) and (b).
  • the optics essentially comprises of an octagonal mirrored primary concentrator using array of special mirrors which are explained in the section below to concentrate the sunlight falling on penumbra regions and which is normal to the axis of the parabola at a focal point (F1 ) with a length of (f1 ).
  • a secondary collector mirror which is also an array of mirrors and positioned at the intersection of primary focal point and a secondary focal point f2 with a separation of 2xf2.
  • the collector parabolic dish collects all the reflected light from the primary concentrator and refocus it to a point F2 which is at a distance of 2 * f2.
  • the available flatbed solar panel with an area of (A) is positioned at a distance of F2 from the collector parabola in both the axes (xx-yy).
  • a concentrator is designed to operate under illumination for greater than 40 to 100 suns.
  • the short-circuit current from a solar cell depends linearly on light intensity, such that a device operating under 40 suns would have 40 times the short-circuit current as the same device under one sun operation.
  • this effect does not provide an efficiency increase, since the incident power also increases linearly with concentration. Instead, the efficiency benefits arise from the logarithmic dependence of the open-circuit voltage on short circuit. Therefore, under concentration, Voc increases logarithmically with light intensity, as shown in the equation below; where X is the concentration of sunlight
  • the primary concentration levels are achieved by the ratio of f(p)/f(c) which is also the ratio of the linear dimensions of the primary concentrator and collector concentrator wherein f(p) is the focal length of primary and f(c) is the focal length of the collector
  • Normal solar PV with 1 2 to 18% efficiency will generate a power of the order of 120 watts to 180 watts / meter 2 of solar cells which are essentially connected either in series or parallel ( Electrically) to obtain the required Voltage and current.
  • the current is linear with insolence, Hence by collecting the sun light over a large area and direct the concentrated light to a Receiver like solar PV module generates at higher current Thus CPV achieves higher power output from the conventional solar panel.
  • the area concentration is the product of longitudinal concentration and Lateral concentration C_ longitude x C _ Lateral.
  • the power output from the panel is 6000 watts and thermal radiation on the CPV module is of the order 32000 to 34000 watts.
  • This example exhibits the merit of performance of CPV which generates the power from 240 watts to 10000 watts with a receiver area of 1 6 meter 2 .
  • the area of collector area need to be 40 times the size of receiver (Solar PV module) i.em 2 (which will be achieved by area concentration of ( 5 times longitudinal direction and ( 5x 1.6 times in the lateral direction)
  • a typical size of CPPV is explained below:-
  • the overall concentration will be 40 x or higher
  • the efficiency benefits of concentration may be reduced by increased losses in series resistance as the short-circuit current increases and also by the increased temperature operation of the solar cell. As losses due to short-circuit current depend on the square of the current, power loss due to series resistance increases as the square of the concentration.
  • the primary concentrator and collector concentrators are assembled in piece wise parabolic and conical reflectors
  • Pieces of reflector panels are fixed over a parabolic base to form a primary concentrator. These pieces are fixed over the base by using readily available Velcro tapes so that they can be easily attached and replaced.
  • the sides defining the front surface of the reflector panels form the shape of a square
  • reflector panels with any shape or combination of shapes which facilitate efficient packing within a two-dimensional plane as is well-known in the art Examples include triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal shapes.
  • the reflector panels preferably have a front surface which is optically flat and provides for specular reflection of incident radiation.
  • each reflector panel comprises male and female connectors formed at each side of the reflector panel at positions along the panel centerlmes.
  • the connector type preferably alternates between male and female around the perimeter of each individual reflector panel.
  • the male and female connectors are capable of interlocking via a snap-together feature A taper is incorporated into the interlock such that when a plurality of reflector panels are arranged into a two-dimensional array, the entire grid of reflector panels can be contoured to the desired bend angle in both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • the bend angle is such that the surface contour formed by the arrayed reflector panels corresponds with surface of a parabola or cone.
  • the reflector panels are formed from a plastic or composite material which yields a finished product of excellent hardness, rigidity, and durability and which is compatible with the process used to impart reflectivity to the front surface.
  • the reflector panels may be formed from a lightweight metal such as aluminum, titanium, or related metal alloys.
  • the reflector panel is formed from a granular plastic material comprising a plastic material and an inorganic additive.
  • the plastic may be selected from polycarbonate, olefin resins, ABS resin, recycled synthetic resin material, and styrol resin.
  • a specularly reflective surface may be imparted to the reflector by the formation of a highly reflective coating.
  • the reflective coating may include a hot-stamped metal foil or reflective glass-free polymer-based film having at least one reflective layer coated thereon.
  • the coating may be of nickel/copper/nickel/chromium multilayer structure.
  • the multistage concentrator according to aspects of the present invention comprises a multistage solar collection and concentration assembly. As per another aspect of the present invention there is provide a sun sensing and 2 ⁇ & 4 quadrant solar tracking system which operationalizes the dislosed multistage solar concentrator in real time for continuous uninterrupted power generation.
  • the multistage concentrator includes three stages i.e. concentration, collection of solar energy and further receiving by a solar panel for generation of solar power.
  • the primary concentrator collects the sunlight orthogonal to the tracked moving plane in 2 ⁇ &4 quadrant positioning system with feedback control.
  • dual beam frame structures for erection of the multistage concentrator as disclosed herein.
  • a thermal management system configured for nullifying the damages caused to the solar panel as the high intensity concentrated light essentially associated with the heat elements.
  • the said thermal management employs a two stage thermal management.
  • the first stage includes positioning of a thermal ba rrier between the receiver and the secondary collector.
  • switched mode solar power transfer and storage The CPV power transfer in switch mode is new concept for the regulation of solar C PV power, being harnessed to the regulator or inverter. This switching scheme improves the efficiency and minimise heat losses.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un concentrateur de secteur à quatre quadrants à deux axes à étages multiples pour CPV comprenant : un concentrateur réfléchissant parabolique primaire ayant une ouverture conçue pour focaliser l'isolation solaire collimatée entrant orthogonalement vers un point focal f(p) ; au moins un concentrateur de collecteur, qui est essentiellement un concentrateur d'ouverture conique réfléchissant d'alimentation ayant un point focal f(c) ; un concentrateur de récepteur, qui est un réseau, de cellules photovoltaïques, placé sur une surface conique et positionné avec un point focal f(r), qui est mesuré à partir du point focal du concentrateur de collecteur (f(p)) et est conçu pour recevoir l'isolation solaire concentrée à étages multiples à partir du concentrateur de collecteur ; les niveaux de concentration primaires de matrice étant obtenus par le rapport de f(p)/f(c) qui est également le rapport des dimensions linéaires du concentrateur primaire et du concentrateur de collecteur ; la position du concentrateur de collecteur étant f(p) + f(c) ; et le rapport de concentration de secteur étant réglable.
PCT/IN2017/000089 2016-04-26 2017-04-24 Concentrateur de secteur à étages multiples pour cellule photovoltaïque concentrée WO2017187444A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201641014520 2016-04-26
IN201641014520 2016-04-26
IN201644028968 2016-08-25
IN201644028968 2016-08-25

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WO2017187444A1 true WO2017187444A1 (fr) 2017-11-02

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023368A (en) 1975-08-26 1977-05-17 Kelly Donald A High density-third dimension geometry solar panels
US4153475A (en) 1978-05-18 1979-05-08 Hider Ross B Three dimensional solar panel assembly
US5096505A (en) 1990-05-21 1992-03-17 The Boeing Company Panel for solar concentrators and tandem cell units
US5217539A (en) 1991-09-05 1993-06-08 The Boeing Company III-V solar cells and doping processes
US6091020A (en) 1995-06-06 2000-07-18 The Boeing Company Photovoltaic cells having a concentrating coverglass with broadened tracking angle
US6252155B1 (en) 1997-11-21 2001-06-26 Ugur Ortabasi Space concentrator for advanced solar cells
US7081584B2 (en) 2003-09-05 2006-07-25 Mook William J Solar based electrical energy generation with spectral cooling
US20090277498A1 (en) * 2008-05-12 2009-11-12 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of University Of Arizona Photovoltaic generator with a spherical imaging lens for use with a paraboloidal solar reflector
GB2493329A (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-02-06 Athene Works Ltd Curved reflective surface for concentrating EM radiation with obstructing members
US20130081671A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Joseph Y. Hui Sun Tracking Foldable Solar Umbrellas for Electricity and Hot Water Generation
WO2015193870A2 (fr) 2014-06-19 2015-12-23 Lakshmanan Karthigueyane Concentrateur parabolique à deux étages

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023368A (en) 1975-08-26 1977-05-17 Kelly Donald A High density-third dimension geometry solar panels
US4153475A (en) 1978-05-18 1979-05-08 Hider Ross B Three dimensional solar panel assembly
US5096505A (en) 1990-05-21 1992-03-17 The Boeing Company Panel for solar concentrators and tandem cell units
US5217539A (en) 1991-09-05 1993-06-08 The Boeing Company III-V solar cells and doping processes
US6091020A (en) 1995-06-06 2000-07-18 The Boeing Company Photovoltaic cells having a concentrating coverglass with broadened tracking angle
US6252155B1 (en) 1997-11-21 2001-06-26 Ugur Ortabasi Space concentrator for advanced solar cells
US7081584B2 (en) 2003-09-05 2006-07-25 Mook William J Solar based electrical energy generation with spectral cooling
US20090277498A1 (en) * 2008-05-12 2009-11-12 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of University Of Arizona Photovoltaic generator with a spherical imaging lens for use with a paraboloidal solar reflector
GB2493329A (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-02-06 Athene Works Ltd Curved reflective surface for concentrating EM radiation with obstructing members
US20130081671A1 (en) * 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Joseph Y. Hui Sun Tracking Foldable Solar Umbrellas for Electricity and Hot Water Generation
WO2015193870A2 (fr) 2014-06-19 2015-12-23 Lakshmanan Karthigueyane Concentrateur parabolique à deux étages

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