WO2017186101A1 - 一种气象测量用防辐射罩 - Google Patents

一种气象测量用防辐射罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017186101A1
WO2017186101A1 PCT/CN2017/081895 CN2017081895W WO2017186101A1 WO 2017186101 A1 WO2017186101 A1 WO 2017186101A1 CN 2017081895 W CN2017081895 W CN 2017081895W WO 2017186101 A1 WO2017186101 A1 WO 2017186101A1
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Prior art keywords
reflector
radiation shield
conduit
radiation
catheter
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PCT/CN2017/081895
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘清惓
杨杰
戴伟
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南京微感电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017186101A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017186101A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiation protection cover for meteorological measurement, belonging to the technical field of meteorological instruments.
  • the temperature of the temperature sensor In the process of measuring the air temperature by the temperature sensor of the weather station, the temperature of the temperature sensor is raised by the solar radiation during the day, which is higher than the air temperature of the surrounding environment.
  • the error caused by this phenomenon is called the solar radiation error.
  • the weather station uses a blind box or a natural ventilation radiation shield to avoid direct radiation of the sun to the temperature sensor probe and reduce the radiation error.
  • the effect also causes the radiation error to further expand.
  • the radiation error of the louver box and the radiation shield can be on the order of 1 ° C or even higher.
  • the blades of the louver and the ring of the radiation shield not only cause radiation error problems, but also reduce the response speed of the temperature sensor probe, causing hysteresis error, and the wooden shutter box lags for more than 10 minutes. Due to the large heat capacity of the louver box and the radiation shield, temperature pulsation observation also brings great difficulty.
  • a good radiation shield design should not only minimize the radiation reaching the surface of the temperature sensor probe, but should also maximize the airflow velocity around the temperature sensor probe.
  • the use of blades or ring segments helps to meet the first requirement, but it is difficult to meet the second requirement, making it difficult to eliminate thermal pollution effects. Therefore, the two design requirements are contradictory, which brings difficulties to the performance improvement of the radiation shield.
  • the present invention aims to provide a radiation protection cover for meteorological measurement, which uses a plurality of conduits having openings at both ends to reduce the radiation error of the sensor probe and improve the airflow speed, to a certain extent
  • the existing radiation shielding cover cannot solve the technical problem that the airflow speed and the thermal pollution effect are difficult to eliminate when the requirements for reducing the solar radiation received by the temperature sensor probe are met.
  • a radiation protection hood for meteorological measurement comprising at least three conduits, at least one temperature sensor probe in each conduit, and an opening at each end of the conduit.
  • Temperature sensor probes can usually be mounted in the center of the catheter. Multiple temperature sensor probes can share a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit, or multiple signal conditioning circuits can be set to measure each probe separately.
  • the cross section of the opening at both ends of the conduit may be polygonal or circular or elliptical.
  • the direction from the conduit, perpendicular to the ground and perpendicular to the upper air is defined as downward and upward, respectively, and the direction of the central axis of the conduit is defined as the direction of the conduit.
  • a reflector may be placed above the catheter, and each catheter is distributed along the edge of the reflector in the area blocked by the reflector.
  • Reflectors can have one or more. If there are multiple reflectors, each reflector can be equipped with a reflector.
  • the material selected for the reflector can be metal, and a silver film can be placed on the surface of the reflector to improve the reflectivity.
  • the reflector can be a disc or other shape.
  • the conduit can be arranged in a circular shape along the edge of the disc in the area blocked by the reflector.
  • the adjacent conduits The angle between the two can be set between 5 and 60 degrees. If the reflector is not in a shape other than a disk, the conduits can be arbitrarily arranged along the edge of the reflector in the lower region of the reflector.
  • At least one suspension plate can be arranged between the conduit and the reflector.
  • the suspension plate not only has the function of suspending the conduit but also the heat insulation function, and can reduce the heat transfer between the reflector and the conduit.
  • a suspension plate can be provided for each conduit.
  • a connector may also be provided between the catheter and the suspension plate.
  • a heat insulating column may be provided between the reflector and the suspension plate.
  • the end face of the duct near the edge of the reflector can be defined as the outer end face.
  • the outer end face is an inclined end face that reduces the amount of sunlight entering the inner surface of the conduit.
  • At least 2 ducts can be tilted downwards, and the downward tilt angle can be between 0 and 30 degrees.
  • the direction of the sun is usually in the east or west, so you can choose to tilt at least 2 ducts with the smallest angle of the sun at sunrise or sunset.
  • These downwardly inclined ducts are usually clipped to the east-west direction. The angle is small.
  • the method of temperature measurement using the radiation shield includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 obtaining the temperature measured by the temperature sensor probe in each conduit
  • step 2 the temperature measured by the sensor probes in all the conduits is compared, and according to whether the measurement time is in the daytime, the lowest temperature measurement value is taken as the daytime measurement result, and the highest temperature measurement value is taken as the nighttime measurement result.
  • the radiation shield contains a plurality of conduits, and at any horizontal wind direction, there is at least one conduit having a relatively minimum angle with the wind direction, so that the conduit has relatively good ventilation compared to other conduits, and the conduit is relatively relatively
  • the high airflow velocity also makes the radiation error of the temperature sensor probe in the conduit relatively low, so the conduit can achieve relatively high airflow velocity and relatively low radiation error at the same time.
  • the opening design at both ends of the conduit ensures airflow, at least one The catheter has a relatively high airflow velocity to achieve a relatively low hysteresis error;
  • the reflector is arranged above the duct to prevent the sun from directly illuminating the duct.
  • the ducts are distributed along the edge of the reflector in the area blocked by the reflector so that the angle between the ducts is small and the angle between the ducts is the smallest.
  • the direction of the airflow is also closest to the wind direction, to a certain extent avoid the thermal pollution effect caused by the conduit wall, which is beneficial to reduce the radiation error, and the outer side of the duct is provided with a certain inclination angle to prevent the sunlight from entering the duct to a certain extent.
  • the inner surface helps to reduce the amount of snow, dust and other debris deposited in the duct;
  • the radiation shield further comprising at least one suspension plate between the conduit and the reflector, the conduit is suspended below the suspension panel by the connecting member, and the suspension panel reduces the reflector and the conduit
  • the heat transfer between the reflector and the suspension plate further prevents heat transfer between the reflector and the suspension plate
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a bottom plan view of the radiation shield of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a square section conduit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a circular cross-section catheter
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the outer end surface of the catheter having a certain inclination angle
  • Figure 6 is a bottom plan view of a radiation shield including 10 conduits
  • Figure 7 is a bottom plan view of a radiation shield containing seven conduits.
  • the figures in the figure indicate: 1, conduit, 2, reflector, 3, suspension plate, 4, connector, 5, insulation column, 6, medium Heart position, 7, upper outer surface of the catheter, 8, inner surface of the catheter, 9, outer surface of the catheter, 10, inner surface of the catheter, 11, internal cavity of the catheter, 12, lateral end surface, 101, catheter, 102, catheter 103, catheter, 104, catheter, 105, catheter, 106, catheter, 107, catheter, 108, catheter, 109, catheter, 110, catheter, 201, catheter, 202, catheter, 203, catheter, 204, catheter, 205 , catheter, 206, catheter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention, including at least three conduits 1 each having an opening, each conduit having at least one temperature sensor probe mounted thereon. Multiple temperature sensor probes can share a multi-channel signal conditioning circuit, or multiple signal conditioning circuits can be set to measure each temperature sensor probe.
  • the cross section of both ends of the catheter 1 may be a square as shown in FIG. 3, a circular shape as shown in FIG. 4, or a polygonal shape or an elliptical shape.
  • the temperature sensor probe can typically be mounted in the center position 6 of the catheter 1.
  • At least one of the conduits has a relatively minimum angle with the wind direction, so that the conduit has relatively good ventilation compared to other conduits, and the relatively high airflow velocity within the conduit simultaneously results in the conduit.
  • the temperature sensor probe has a relatively low radiation error, so this catheter can achieve relatively high airflow rates and relatively low radiation errors simultaneously. In most cases, only a very small amount of scattered radiation and ground reflected radiation will enter the inside of the catheter through the opening at both ends of the catheter and illuminate the temperature sensor probe inside the catheter, which helps to reduce the radiation error.
  • At least one conduit can achieve a relatively high airflow velocity, and a relatively high airflow velocity within the conduit can result in a relatively low hysteresis error of the temperature sensor probe within the conduit.
  • each sensor probe in each catheter is calibrated and assuming each sensor probe has a high accuracy, simply compare the temperature measured by each sensor probe and select the probe with the lowest measured temperature during the day, at night. Select the probe with the highest measured temperature to obtain a measurement with less radiation error.
  • a reflector 2 is disposed above the catheter, a common reflector may be provided for all the catheters, or a reflector may be provided for each catheter.
  • the ducts are distributed along the edge of the reflector in the area blocked by the reflector.
  • the material selected for the reflector 2 may be metal.
  • aluminum or aluminum alloy may be selected, which not only obtains better mechanical properties, but also makes the reflector less prone to excessive temperature due to solar radiation due to higher reflectivity.
  • a silver film can be placed on the surface of the reflector 2 to further enhance the reflection rate.
  • the reflector can be disc shaped or otherwise shaped.
  • each conduit is arranged in a circular shape along the edge of the circular reflector in the shielding area of the reflector.
  • the angle between adjacent conduits can be set to 5 Between 60 degrees. 6 is a case where the number of catheters is 10.
  • the catheter 101, the catheter 102, the catheter 103, the catheter 104, the catheter 105, the catheter 106, the catheter 107, the catheter 108, the catheter 109, and the catheter 110 are evenly distributed along the edge of the circular reflector.
  • the angle between adjacent ducts is 36 degrees; in Fig.
  • the number of ducts is 6, the duct 201, the duct 202, the duct 203, the duct 204, the duct 205, and the duct 206 are circular.
  • the edges of the reflector are evenly distributed in the area blocked by the reflector, and the angle between adjacent ducts is 60 degrees.
  • the radiation error and hysteresis error of the temperature sensor probe can be reduced by increasing the number of conduits 1, and the number of conduits can be increased up to 72.
  • the conduits can also be arbitrarily arranged within the occlusion area of the reflector along the edges of the circular or other shaped reflector.
  • the end face of the catheter 1 near the edge of the disc is defined as the outer end face 12, and the catheter as shown in Fig. 5 has an upper outer surface 7 of the catheter, an inner surface 8 of the catheter, an outer surface 9 of the catheter, an inner surface 10 of the catheter, an inner surface of the catheter, and a catheter interior.
  • the outer end face 12 may be disposed perpendicular to the axis of the catheter or may have a certain angle of inclination.
  • the solar light can be reduced to the inner surface 10 of the duct to a certain extent, thereby reducing the multiple reflection of the solar radiation in the inner cavity 11 of the duct, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the radiation error of the temperature sensor probe. .
  • This design also helps to reduce the amount of debris, dust and other debris deposits inside the duct.
  • the multiple conduits are designed such that the angle between the conduits is small, and the direction of the airflow in the conduit with the smallest angle to the wind direction is also closest to the wind direction, so even the direct solar radiation, scattered radiation, reflected radiation and heat conduction effects during the day make
  • the temperature of the tube wall of this duct rises, and the heated air flow inside the duct also flows along the inside of the tube wall.
  • the heated air flow does not easily reach the position where the temperature sensor probe is installed in the center of the tube wall. According to the same principle, even at night, this The wall temperature of the conduit is lowered, and the low-temperature airflow in the conduit generally flows against the pipe wall. Therefore, this design can avoid the thermal pollution effect caused by the conduit wall to a certain extent, and is beneficial to reduce the radiation error.
  • the radiation shielding cover further includes at least one suspension plate 3 between the conduit and the reflector, and a common suspension plate may be provided for all the conduits, or may be used for each
  • the conduit is provided with a suspension plate, and the conduit 1 is fixedly connected to the suspension plate 3 via the connecting member 4.
  • the suspension function of the suspension plate 3 improves the stability of the radiation shielding cover structure while preventing heat conduction between the reflector 2 and the conduit 1.
  • a heat insulating column 5 may be provided between the reflector 2 and the suspension plate 3.
  • the invention can reduce the radiation error of the temperature sensor probe to the order of 0.05 ° C, and the radiation error of the traditional blind box and the natural ventilation radiation shield can reach the order of 1 ° C.
  • the radiation shield involved reduces the temperature sensor probe radiation error.
  • the radiation protection cover of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, small weight, low cost, relatively simple structure, easy processing, maintenance and installation. Clean, multiple conduits are designed so that the radiation shield can still work properly in the event of damage to the conduit, and the radiation shield is highly reliable. Since the reflector and the suspension plate involved in the present application are generally installed horizontally, in a strong wind, the force can be reduced to some extent, so that the radiation shield is not easily blown by the wind or damaged by the wind pressure.

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Abstract

一种气象测量用防辐射罩，属于气象仪器的技术领域，所要解决的技术问题是提供一种气象测量用能够降低传感器辐射误差和滞后误差的防辐射罩。防辐射罩包括至少3个两端均设有开口的导管（1），每个导管（1）中至少有一个温度传感器探头，防辐射罩在任意风向下总存在至少一个导管（1）具有相对良好的通风，可降低温度传感器探头太阳辐射误差和滞后误差，即使有一个导管（1）损坏，其它导管（1）仍正常工作，整个防辐射罩受影响较小，可靠性较高。

Description

一种气象测量用防辐射罩 技术领域
本发明涉及一种气象测量用防辐射罩，属于气象仪器的技术领域。
背景技术
在气象站的温度传感器测量气温的过程中，白天太阳辐射造成温度传感器升温，高于周围环境的空气温度，这种现象引起的误差被称为太阳辐射误差。夜间由于仪器的长波辐射，会导致温度传感器表面的温度低于周围环境的空气温度。上述两种情况下，由于辐射引起的温度测量误差，通常被统称为辐射误差。目前气象站用百叶箱或自然通风防辐射罩可避免太阳对温度传感器探头的直接辐射，降低辐射误差。由于白色涂层或其他叶片材料的表面不可能达到100％反射率，因此在一定程度上，传统百叶箱和防辐射罩，尤其是其叶片和环片，仍会产生显著的辐射升温，导致流入其内部的气流被加热，引起温度传感器探头读数温度高于外部自由空气的温度，这种导致辐射误差的现象在气象仪器领域可被称为热污染效应。叶片和环片不利于气流流通，百叶箱或防辐射罩内部低气流速度亦会导致辐射误差进一步加大。通常认为，防辐射罩内部气流速度降低伴随着热污染效应的发生。由于百叶箱的叶片和防辐射罩的环片之间均存在缝隙，总存在一定比例的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射和地面反射辐射从缝隙中进入仪器内部，并照射在温度传感器探头表面，这种效应亦会使辐射误差进一步扩大。百叶箱和防辐射罩的辐射误差可达1℃量级甚至更高。百叶箱的叶片和防辐射罩的环片不仅引起辐射误差问题，亦降低了温度传感器探头响应速度，引起滞后误差，木质百叶箱滞后可达10分钟以上。由于百叶箱和防辐射罩的热容较大，给温度脉动观测也带来了很大难度。按照传统观念，一个良好的防辐射罩设计不仅应该使得到达温度传感器探头表面的辐射尽可能的小，而且应该使得温度传感器探头周围的气流速度尽可能的大。采用叶片或环片有助于满足第一种要求，但是难以满足第二种要求，从而难以消除热污染效应。因此这两种设计要求是存在矛盾的，这给防辐射罩性能的提高带来了困难。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明旨在提供一种气象测量用防辐射罩，采用多个两端具有开口的导管降低了传感器探头辐射误差并提高了气流速度，在一定程度上解决了现有防辐射罩在满足降低温度传感器探头接收到的太阳辐射的要求时无法提高气流速度以及热污染效应难以消除的技术问题。
为了实现上述的发明目的，采用如下技术方案：
一种气象测量用防辐射罩，包括至少3个导管，每个导管中至少有一个温度传感器探头，导管的两端均设有开口。温度传感器探头通常可安装在导管的中心位置。多个温度传感器探头可共用一个多通道信号调理电路，也可以设置多个信号调理电路，分别测量各个探头。导管两端开口的截面可为多边形或圆形或椭圆形。
为便于描述方位，在这里把从导管出发，垂直对着地面和垂直对着高空的方向分别定义为向下和向上，把导管中心轴线的方向定义为导管的方向。为达到防止太阳直接照射导管的效果，可设置反光板位于导管上方，各导管沿着反光板边缘在反光板遮挡的区域内分布。反光板可以有一个也可以有多个。如有多个反光板，可给每个导管都配有一个反光板。反光板选用的材料可以选用金属，反光板表面可设置一层银膜，以提高反射率。反光板可以是圆盘或其它形状，如果反光板为圆盘状，则导管可沿着圆盘边缘在反光板遮挡的区域内排列成圆形，导管数量不小于6个时，相邻导管之间的夹角可设置为介于5至60度之间。如果反光板非是圆盘状以外的其它形状时，则导管可沿着反光板的边缘在反光板遮挡的下方区域内任意排列。
为达到降低辐射误差的效果，还可在导管和反光板之间设有至少一块悬挂板，悬挂板不仅具有悬挂导管的作用还有隔热的作用，可降低反光板与导管之间的传热。悬挂板有多个时可以为每个导管都配一个悬挂板。为达到将导管固定的效果，还可在导管和悬挂板之间设有连接件。为达到防止反光板与悬挂板之间的热传导的效果，还可在反光板和悬挂板之间设有隔热柱。
在这里可把导管靠近反光板边缘的端面定义为外侧端面。外侧端面为一倾斜端面，该倾斜端面减少射入导管下内表面的太阳光线。
为达到尽可能避免早晨和傍晚太阳直接照射温度传感器探头的效果，可将至少2个导管向下倾斜，向下倾斜角度可介于0至30度之间。日出或日落时太阳的方向通常分别位于东方或西方，因此可选择与日出或日落时太阳光线夹角最小的至少2个导管向下倾斜，这些向下倾斜的导管通常与东西方向的夹角较小。当一个导管的向下倾斜的角度较小时，并当风向与这个导管的夹角也较小时，导管内的气流速度可保持与外部气流速度近似一致，热污染效应较小。
利用所述防辐射罩进行温度测量的方法包括下列步骤：
步骤1，获取每个导管中的温度传感器探头测得的温度；
步骤2，比较所有导管中的传感器探头测得的温度，并根据测量时间是否处于白天，将温度最低的测量值作为白天的测量结果，将温度最高的测量值作为夜间的测量结果。
本发明采用上述的技术方案，具有以下有益效果：
(1)防辐射罩含有多个导管，在任意水平风向条件下，均存在至少一个导管与风向的夹角相对最小，因此和其它导管相比，该导管具有相对良好的通风，导管内相对较高的气流速度同时使得导管内温度传感器探头的辐射误差相对较低，因此这个导管可同时实现相对较高的气流速度和相对较低的辐射误差，导管两端的开口设计保证了气流流通，至少一个导管具有相对较高气流速度实现了相对较低的滞后误差；
(2)在导管上方设置有反光板能够防止太阳直接照射导管，各导管沿着反光板边缘分布在反光板遮挡的区域内使得导管之间的夹角较小，与风向夹角最小的导管中的气流方向也与风向最为接近，在一定程度上避免导管管壁引起的热污染效应，有利于降低辐射误差，将导管外端侧面设置有一定倾斜角度在一定程度上防止太阳光线射入导管下内表面，有助于减少导管内的积雪、灰尘等杂物沉积量；
(3)提高了防辐射罩结构的稳定性，防辐射罩还包括至少一个位于导管和反光板之间的悬挂板，导管通过连接件悬挂在悬挂板下方，同时悬挂板减少了反光板与导管之间的传热，反光板和悬挂板之间设有的隔热柱进一步防止反光板与悬挂板之间的热传导；
(4)本申请涉及的防辐射罩中至少有两个导管向下倾斜与水平方向呈0至30度的夹角时，此时，导管内的气流速度和外部气流速度仍然可以保持近似一致，尽可能地避免早晨和傍晚太阳直接照射温度传感器探头。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明涉及的防辐射罩的仰视图；
图3是方形截面导管的示意图；
图4是圆形截面导管的示意图；
图5是导管外侧端面具有一定倾斜角的示意图；
图6是包含10个导管的防辐射罩的仰视图；
图7是包含7个导管的防辐射罩的仰视图。
图中标号说明：1、导管，2、反光板，3、悬挂板，4、连接件，5、隔热柱，6、中 心位置，7、导管上外表面，8、导管上内表面，9、导管下外表面，10、导管下内表面，11、导管内部空腔，12、外侧端面，101、导管，102、导管，103、导管，104、导管，105、导管，106、导管，107、导管，108、导管，109、导管，110、导管，201、导管，202、导管，203、导管，204、导管，205、导管，206、导管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
具体实施例一
如图1中的本发明的结构示意图，包括至少3个两端均设有开口的导管1，每个导管至少安装有一个温度传感器探头。多个温度传感器探头可共用一个多通道信号调理电路，也可以设置多个信号调理电路分别测量各温度传感器探头。导管1两端的截面可为如图3所示的方形、如图4所示的圆形，也可以是多边形或椭圆形。温度传感器探头通常可安装在导管1的中心位置6。
多个导管在任意水平风向条件下，均存在至少一个导管与风向的夹角相对最小，因此和其它导管相比，该导管具有相对良好的通风，导管内相对较高的气流速度同时使得导管内温度传感器探头的辐射误差相对较低，因此这个导管可同时实现相对较高的气流速度和相对较低的辐射误差。在绝大多数情况下，仅有极少量的散射辐射和地面反射辐射会通过导管两端的开口进入导管内部并照射到导管内的温度传感器探头，这有利于降低辐射误差。
至少一个导管可实现相对较高的气流速度，导管内相对较高的气流速度可使得该导管内温度传感器探头的滞后误差相对较低。
如每个导管中的传感器探头均经过标定，并假设每个传感器探头均具有较高的精度，则只需比较每个传感器探头测得的温度，在白天选取测得温度最低的探头，在夜间选取测得温度最高的探头，即可获得辐射误差较小的测量结果。
具体实施例二
为达到防止太阳直接照射导管1的效果，如图1和图2所示，在导管上方设置有反光板2，可以为所有导管设置一块共用的反光板，也可以为每个导管设置一块反光板，各导管沿着反光板边缘分布在反光板遮挡的区域内。反光板2选用的材料可以选用金属，例如可选择铝或铝合金，不仅可获得较好的机械性能，而且由于反射率较高，也使得反光板不易因为太阳辐射而温度过高。反光板2表面可设置一层银膜，以进一步提高反射 率。
反光板可以是圆盘状或其它形状。对于圆形反光板而言，各导管沿着圆形反光板边缘在反光板遮挡区域内排列成圆形，当导管数量不少于6时，相邻导管之间的夹角可设置介于5至60度之间。图6为导管数为10的情形，导管101、导管102、导管103、导管104、导管105、导管106、导管107、导管108、导管109、导管110沿着圆形反光板的边缘均匀分布在反光板遮挡的区域内，相邻导管之间的夹角为36度；图7为导管数为6的情形，导管201、导管202、导管203、导管204、导管205、导管206沿着圆形反光板的边缘均匀分布在反光板遮挡的区域内，相邻导管之间的夹角为60度。可以通过增加导管1数量的方式降低温度传感器探头的辐射误差和滞后误差，导管数最多可以增加到72个。导管也可以在沿着圆形或其它形状反光板边缘在反光板遮挡区域内任意排列。
把导管1靠近圆盘边缘的端面定义为外侧端面12，如图5所示的导管具有：导管上外表面7、导管上内表面8、导管下外表面9、导管下内表面10、导管内部空腔11、外侧端面12。外侧端面12可以和导管的轴线垂直设置，也可以有一定的倾斜角度。当外侧端面12有一定的倾斜角度时，可在一定程度上减少太阳光线射入导管下内表面10，从而减少太阳辐射在导管内部空腔11多次反射，实现降低温度传感器探头辐射误差的目的。这种设计还有助于减少导管内的积雪、灰尘等杂物沉积量。
多个导管的设计使得导管之间的夹角较小，与风向夹角最小的导管中的气流方向也与风向最为接近，那么，即使白天的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射、反射辐射和热传导效应使得这个导管的管壁的温度升高，导管内侧被加热的气流也沿着管壁内侧流动，被加热的气流不容易到达管壁中心安装温度传感器探头的位置，根据同样的原理，在夜间即使这个导管的管壁温度降低，导管中低温的气流通常贴着管壁流动，因此这种设计方案可在一定程度上避免导管管壁引起的热污染效应，有利于降低辐射误差。
为了达到尽可能避免早晚太阳直接照射温度传感器探头的效果，选择与日出或日落时太阳光线夹角最小的至少2个导管向下倾斜，倾斜的角度介于0至30度之间，此时，导管内的气流速度和外部气流速度仍然可以近似地保持一致。将图6中东西方向的导管101、导管102、导管106和导管107的外侧向下倾斜10度，将图7中东西方向的导管201和导管204的外侧向下倾斜10度，此时，导管内的气流速度和外部气流速度仍然可以近似地保持一致，热污染效应也相对较小。当导管不是均匀分布在圆盘形反光板下方 区域时，可以灵活选择导管中的一端向下倾斜0至30度，以满足导管内的气流速度和外部气流速度仍然近似保持一致的要求。
具体实施例三
如图1、图2、图6、图7所示，防辐射罩还包括至少一个位于导管和反光板之间的悬挂板3，可以为所有导管设置一块共用的悬挂板，也可以为每个导管设置一块悬挂板，导管1经连接件4与悬挂板3固定连接，悬挂板3具有的悬挂作用提高了防辐射罩结构的稳定性，同时防止反光板2与导管1热传导。为进一步防止反光板2与悬挂板3之间的热传导，还可在反光板2和悬挂板3之间设有隔热柱5。
经实验验证，在相同环境条件下，本发明可将温度传感器探头辐射误差降低至0.05℃量级，而传统百叶箱和自然通风防辐射罩的辐射误差可达1℃量级，可见，本申请涉及的防辐射罩降低了温度传感器探头辐射误差。与传统的叶片式百叶箱和环片式防辐射罩相比，本发明涉及的防辐射罩结构简单、体积较小、重量较小、可降低成本，结构相对简单，易于加工制造、维护安装和清洁，多个导管的设计使得防辐射罩在有导管损坏的情况下仍然能正常工作，防辐射罩的可靠性高。由于本申请中涉及的反光板和悬挂板通常水平安装，因此在强风中，可以一定程度上减小受力，使得防辐射罩不易被风吹倒或因风压导致损坏。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：包括至少3个两端均设有开口的导管(1)，每个导管(1)中至少安装有一个温度传感器探头。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：所述防辐射罩还包括至少一个反光板(2)，所述反光板(2)位于所有导管(1)的上方，各导管(1)沿着反光板边缘在反光板遮挡的区域内分布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：所述防辐射罩还包括至少一个位于导管(1)和反光板(2)之间的悬挂板(3)，导管(1)经连接件(4)与悬挂板(3)固定连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：导管(1)靠近反光板边缘一端的截面为倾斜的端面，所述倾斜端面减少射入导管下内表面的太阳光线。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：至少2个导管(1)向下倾斜0至30度的角度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：导管(1)两端开口的截面为多边形或圆形或椭圆形。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：所述反光板(2)为金属材质。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：所述反光板(2)表面有一层银膜。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的一种气象测量用防辐射罩，其特征在于：所述反光板(2)和悬挂板(3)之间设有隔热柱(5)。
  10. 一种利用权利要求1所述的防辐射罩进行温度测量的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    A、获取每个导管中的每个温度传感器探头测得的温度；
    B、比较各温度传感器探头测得的温度：白天时以最低温度测量值作为测量结果，夜间时以最高温度测量值作为测量结果。
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CN108303754A (zh) * 2018-02-23 2018-07-20 上海长望气象科技股份有限公司 探空防辐射装置及火箭探空仪
CN111290050A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-16 南京信息工程大学 一种基于丝状散热器的气象用温度传感器
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CN111290044A (zh) * 2020-03-06 2020-06-16 南京信息工程大学 一种用于气象站的温度传感器
CN113865744A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 安徽光纤光缆传输技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所) 一种用于深空探测的光纤温度传感器
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