WO2017181917A1 - Dispositif d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu et procédé de réalisation d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu et procédé de réalisation d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu Download PDF

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WO2017181917A1
WO2017181917A1 PCT/CN2017/080701 CN2017080701W WO2017181917A1 WO 2017181917 A1 WO2017181917 A1 WO 2017181917A1 CN 2017080701 W CN2017080701 W CN 2017080701W WO 2017181917 A1 WO2017181917 A1 WO 2017181917A1
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nano
light
grating
projection screen
eye
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PCT/CN2017/080701
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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陈林森
万文强
乔文
黄文彬
朱鸣
叶燕
浦东林
方宗豹
朱鹏飞
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苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司
苏州大学
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Publication of WO2017181917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017181917A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/33—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving directional light or back-light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
    • G02B30/36—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers using refractive optical elements, e.g. prisms, in the optical path between the images and the observer

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of peripheral naked-eye 3D display, and particularly relates to a pixelized pointing projection screen and a method for implementing naked-eye 3D display by a peripheral naked-eye 3D display device based on the screen.
  • 3D display technology In order to improve the display quality of images and videos, 3D display technology has been rapidly developed and widely used in daily entertainment, medical and military applications. 3D display technology mainly includes glasses-type 3D technology and naked-eye 3D technology. With the continuous emergence of new technologies, the future will bring more comfortable and immersive feelings to the observers. In addition to the above display modes, researchers are actively researching 4D displays and holographic images. In addition to visual and auditory, 4D displays provide a full range of tactile and olfactory sensations. Holographic images allow observers to see better stereoscopic images. effect.
  • a hologram is an image that carries amplitude and phase information. It can reproduce three-dimensional information without any visual fatigue. The stereo effect is independent of the distance of the observer.
  • the principle of holographic display can be summarized as follows: a hologram can reproduce a three-dimensional virtual image or a three-dimensional real image in space. Each point on the hologram transmits information in all directions of the space, and the entire image can be seen at each observation point in the space. . In other words, the image information is concentrated on the observation point through the light field transmission. Therefore, in different observation points in space, the entire image of different viewing angles should be seen without mutual interference.
  • holographic displays have not become the mainstream of naked-eye 3D displays.
  • the 3D display technology based on the parallax principle has been in existence for more than 100 years. Although domestic and foreign companies continue to have 3D display prototypes, the naked-eye 3D display has not really entered the consumer field due to limitations in image resolution and visual fatigue.
  • 3D display device with visual obstacle method and micro-column lens method based on parallax principle, with finger A directional backlight, covering the surface of the liquid crystal display with a visually impaired screen or a micro-cylindrical lens plate.
  • the visually impaired screen or the cylindrical lens array realizes the spatial angle separation of different viewing angle images.
  • the image is not unique at different angles in space, and therefore, when the human eye observes the 3D image, it is easy to cause visual fatigue. .
  • the above method can not achieve arbitrary control of the light, it is impossible to realize the naked-eye 3D display effect of the weekly view.
  • the body 3D display technology is a good three-dimensional display method for the naked eye, and the display mode is mostly driven by the high-speed rotation or high-speed scanning of the device, which requires high operation equipment and high cost, and is difficult to realize industrialization at present. consumption.
  • the dot matrix holography technology can provide a large viewing angle and reduce the amount of information, and the nanostructures can arbitrarily regulate the direction of the light.
  • Chinese patent CN201510778086.5 discloses a pointing projection screen based on nano grating pixels, which can realize multi-view naked eyes. 3D display.
  • Patent US20140300960A1 proposes a directional backlight structure, which adopts a pixelated grating to modulate the outgoing light field distribution, and proposes to use a hexagonal or triangular waveguide structure to couple R, G, B three-color light to realize directional modulation of colored light.
  • Patent US20140293759A1 proposes a multi-view 3D wrist watch structure, which adopts a pixelated grating structure to modulate the light field, and cooperates with the refresh of the LCD image to realize the 3D effect display.
  • the structure also adopts a hexagonal or triangular waveguide structure coupling R, G, B three-color light for color display.
  • Hewlett-Packard discloses the use of an integrated hybrid laser waveguide array directional backlight to realize multi-view display, a waveguide array to couple red, green and blue light, and a directional output of light through a pixel type grating. This method enables color 3D display.
  • the above patent can realize multi-view naked-eye 3D display, the weekly viewing effect is still not realized.
  • the present invention aims to direct projection through a nanostructure based on the holographic principle.
  • the screen is combined with display technology to provide a naked eye 3D display device without visual fatigue and peripheral vision.
  • a naked eye 3D display device comprising:
  • the light source being located below the window generating device
  • Window generation device including:
  • phase information modulation device for phase modulation that is, changing the angle of the light irradiated by the light source and converge to different viewpoints in the space above the window generating device
  • a viewing angle image information modulating device for amplitude modulation that is, loading multi-view image information
  • pixels on the viewing angle image modulation device are aligned with the pixels on the phase modulation device
  • the multi-view image information loaded on the viewing angle image information modulating device is loaded, and the phase information modulating device converges the respective viewing angle images projected by the light and the light into the space above the window generating device. And in the space to generate a viewpoint to achieve a circular separation, forming a circumferential observation light field, that is, a window, to achieve naked-eye 3D display.
  • the video display can be realized when the loaded multi-view image information is refreshed at an appropriate frequency.
  • the phase information modulation device is skillfully utilized for phase modulation, and the view image information modulation device is used for amplitude modulation, wherein the pixel of the view image generated by the view image information modulation device and the phase information modulation device are generated.
  • the viewpoint pixels match the alignment. It means that the component with phase modulation function is combined with the display technology with amplitude modulation function to realize naked-eye 3D aurora display and present 3D image information.
  • the phase information modulation device is a pointing projection screen on which nanometer-sized nano-gratings are processed, and a single nano-grating constitutes a nano-grating pixel, that is, To the pixels of the projection screen, all of the nano-gratings constitute a nano-grating pixel array, which serves to make the pointing projection screen have a peripheral function.
  • the viewing angle image information modulating device is a liquid crystal display unit, wherein the viewing angle image pixels are combined into a multi-view image, the liquid crystal display unit is attached to the pointing projection screen, and the pixels on the liquid crystal display unit and the pointing projection
  • the nano-grating pixel array provided on the screen corresponds to matching alignment, and the light source is diffracted by a set of nano-grating pixel arrays to generate a concentrated light field, ie, a viewpoint, in each space of the multi-view image in the space above the naked-eye 3D display device.
  • Each of the different viewing angle images forms a set of circularly arranged convergent light fields, that is, multi-viewpoints, which are combined into a window for observation, and the respective converging light fields do not overlap each other. Even after a certain distance is propagated, the respective viewing angle images do not cross each other. .
  • the light source is as parallel light or point light source as possible.
  • the existing liquid crystal panel since the LED backlight on the existing liquid crystal panel is a surface light source, it cannot be used, and the liquid crystal panel is required.
  • the rear LED light source is removed, and a directional projection screen (back or front) is attached to form a window generating device, and then a parallel light source or a point light source is added under the window generating device to form a 3D peripheral display, and other liquid crystal components such as a driving circuit, color A filter, a package glass, or the like can be used, and of course, a viewing angle image information modulation device that meets the requirements can be separately produced as needed.
  • the liquid crystal display unit can also use devices such as LCD or LCOS, or other devices that can realize image viewing angle modulation.
  • the pointing projection screen is a transmissive pointing projection screen, and the pointing projection screen is located above or below the viewing angle graphic information modulation device, or directly prepares a nano grating pixel structure on one side of the viewing angle graphic information modulation device.
  • the nano pixel array forms an integrated window generating device.
  • the nano-grating pixel array is designed according to a holographic principle, and the nanometer thereof
  • the function of the grating pixel array is to perform wavefront conversion on the incident view image, and to form a converging viewpoint in a space above or around the screen.
  • the light source is directed to the perspective image information of the vertical or near-vertical projection image of the projection screen, and the respective perspective images projected vertically or approximately vertically by the pointing projection screen are respectively concentrated into the space above the naked-eye 3D display device, and The space produces a viewpoint that achieves a circular separation, forming a circumferentially observed light field, or a window.
  • the light-emitting surface of the projection screen is provided with a plurality of sets of nano-grating pixel arrays, and each set of nano-grating pixel arrays is configured to fit the respective pixel arrays according to the holographic imaging principle, and the light is distributed on the projection screen.
  • the light emitted by the pixels in the same group of nano-grating pixel arrays points to the same viewing angle, and the overall viewing angle image is imaged at the surrounding space above the screen to form a convergence viewpoint; different sets of nano-grating pixel arrays have different positions of convergence view, The circular circumferential view distribution is formed together; wherein the nano-grating pixel contains a nano-grating structure, and the period and orientation of the nano-grating inside the nano-grating pixel satisfy the holographic principle.
  • the nano-grating structure corresponding to the nano-grating pixels has a one-to-one relationship.
  • the pointing projection screen is composed of pixels, which is the same as the LCD, except that the pixels in the projection screen have a nano-grating structure inside, and one pixel corresponds to a nano-grating structure, and the period and orientation of the nano-gratings in each pixel are Calculated according to the principle of holography (determined according to the coordinates of the pixel and the position coordinates of the image projection)
  • the angle between the light source and the normal of the display panel is smaller than the angle between the viewing angle and the normal of the display panel: the incident at the vertical angle is optimal.
  • the angle of view here refers to the angle between the human eye and the normal.
  • the plurality of nano-grating pixel arrays are arranged on the light-emitting surface of the projection screen, and each group of nano-grating pixel arrays has respective images according to the holographic imaging principle.
  • the pixel arrays are mutually fitted and distributed on the light-emitting surface of the projection screen; the light emitted by the pixels in the same group of nano-grating pixel arrays point to the same viewing angle, and the overall viewing angle image is imaged at the surrounding space above the screen to form a convergence viewpoint;
  • Different sets of nano-grating pixel arrays have converging viewpoints at different positions, which together form a circular circumferential view distribution; wherein the relationship between the period and orientation of the nano-gratings satisfies the holographic principle.
  • the light source comprises three primary color point light sources or parallel light sources disposed at the back of the projection screen, or a white light point light source or a parallel light source composed of three colors, and the light emitted by the light source is incident from bottom to top.
  • the liquid crystal display unit is attached to the top or bottom of the projection screen, and provides phase information of the multi-view image by phase modulation, and the amplitude information of the multi-view image is provided by the liquid crystal display unit, and the point source is diffused.
  • the pixels of the multi-view composite image are corresponding to the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen, and after being pointed to the projection screen and the liquid crystal display unit, after a spatial distance propagation, in the window
  • the upper space of the generating device forms an exiting light field of different viewpoints, that is, an exiting light field of multiple viewpoints, and the exiting light field of the multi-viewpoint forms a circular ring window, thereby realizing a three-dimensional display of the naked eye.
  • the period and the orientation angle of the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen satisfy the following relationship:
  • the light is incident on the XY plane at a certain angle
  • ⁇ 1 represents the diffraction angle of the diffracted light, that is, the angle between the diffracted ray and the positive direction of the z-axis
  • Indicates the azimuth of the diffracted light that is, the angle between the diffracted ray and the positive x-axis
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the light source, that is, the angle between the incident ray and the positive z-axis
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength
  • ⁇ represents the period of the nano-diffraction grating
  • Indicates the orientation angle that is, the angle between the groove shape and the positive direction of the y-axis
  • n indicates the refractive index of the light wave in the medium; that is, after specifying the wavelength of the incident light, the incident angle, and the diffraction angle and the diffraction azimuth of the diffracted light,
  • the formula calculates the period and orientation angle of the desired nanograting pixels.
  • each nano-grating pixel is a nano-grating, and the same piece is directed to the surface of the projection screen to produce a plurality of nano-gratings with different orientation angles and periods as required, to modulate the required number, different viewpoints, and positions of the viewpoints.
  • the circular arrangement is formed, and the color control and the gray control device are used to control the color and the gray scale to realize the naked-eye 3D display of the weekly vision.
  • the ratio of the point light sources or the parallel light sources of the three primary colors is adjusted by the LCD panel.
  • the liquid crystal display unit is provided with a color filter, and the light source is a white light source or a light source including three primary color light sources, and the light source is incident on a corresponding nano grating pixel on the projection screen, and after being modulated, combined with the liquid crystal
  • the color viewing angle image loaded on the display unit focuses the viewing angle image into the corresponding viewing angle to realize color display.
  • the nano-grating pixels that are directed to the projection screen that form a single viewpoint convergence are composed of rectangular pixels, or circular pixels, or hexagonal pixel structures, and correspond to pixel shapes provided on the viewing angle image information modulation device.
  • the pointing projection screen wherein the nano grating pixel is fabricated by ultraviolet continuous space frequency lithography and nano imprinting, the ultraviolet continuous variable space lithography technology is described in Chinese Patent Application No. CN201310166341.1 Lithographic apparatus and lithography methods.
  • a photolithographic method can be used to etch a differently oriented nano-grating on the surface of the projection screen, and then a template that can be used for imprinting is prepared, and then imprinted by nanoimprinting. A pixel array of nano-gratings is formed.
  • the feature of the invention is that the observed image has a convergence effect on the spatial viewpoint, and carries the amplitude and phase information, and there is no crosstalk between the different perspective images. Therefore, no visual fatigue is generated during the observation, and no limitation is placed on the observation position.
  • the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen satisfy the holographic principle, and the wavefront conversion imaging of the light is realized by diffracting the light passing therethrough.
  • the resulting view window is rounded to form a perimeter view.
  • red, green and blue three-color point light sources are used to project onto the three groups of pixel arrays pointing to the projection screen, the multi-view images of red, green and blue are combined on the exit surface by using the nano-grating to control the light independently.
  • Color peripheral view naked eye 3D display When red, green and blue three-color point light sources are used to project onto the three groups of pixel arrays pointing to the projection screen, the multi-view images of red, green and blue are combined on the exit surface by using the nano-grating to control the light independently.
  • the liquid crystal display unit such as the LCD can be used to refresh the image to realize the naked-eye 3D video display.
  • the present invention adopts a nano-grating projection screen to adjust the direction of the outgoing light, and cooperates with the display technology of the liquid crystal display unit to realize low-cost three-dimensional display of the naked eye, and the obtained image has high resolution and no visual fatigue.
  • a nano-grating pixel array composed of nano-grating pixels has a circumferentially-oriented pointing projection screen, which is matched with the liquid crystal display unit, and the liquid crystal display unit provides a multi-view image and corresponds to the nano-grating pixel array on the screen, and each viewing angle image
  • a set of nano-grating pixel arrays creates a converging light field (viewpoint) in the space around the screen, and different views of the image form a set of circularly arranged convergent light fields (multi-viewpoints), which are combined into a window for observation.
  • Each of the converging light fields (viewpoints) does not overlap each other, and even if a certain distance is propagated, the images of the respective angles of view do not cross each other. Therefore, observation in the vicinity of the window or in the front and rear positions does not cause visual fatigue, and the stereoscopic effect of the image is true, and the stereoscopic effect is similar to the principle of holographic reproduction.
  • the pointing projection screen of the nano-grating pixel array composed of the nano-grating pixels respectively converges the respective viewing angle images of the vertical projection to the vicinity of the position of the projection device, and generates a viewpoint for achieving circular separation in the space to form a circumference.
  • the pixels that point to the projection screen include sub-pixels corresponding to the respective view images, and the sub-pixels contain nano-grating combinations designed according to the holographic principle.
  • the function of the nano-grating pixel array is to perform wavefront conversion on the incident view image, which will be parallel. Point lighting
  • Point lighting forms a circular converging viewpoint in the space above the screen. In essence, this is a holographic wavefront conversion imaging that converts the viewing angle information provided by the LCD into a phase viewpoint, ensuring that there is no crosstalk between the various viewing angle images.
  • the light source for example, there are three single colors (such as red, green, and blue primary colors, or red, green, blue, yellow, or four colors) at the back of the projection screen, so as to modulate white light.
  • the light from the light source is incident from bottom to top and points to the back of the projection screen.
  • a liquid crystal display unit (LCD) is attached to the projection screen, a multi-view composite image is provided by spatial modulation, and a multi-view plane composite image is provided by the LCD.
  • the pixels of the multi-view composite image are Points to the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen.
  • the pointing projection screen provides spatial information (phase) modulation
  • the liquid crystal display unit provides viewing angle image information (amplitude) modulation, which combines to provide all the information of the holographic display.
  • a pixel array composed of nano-gratings essentially functions as a wavefront transform imaging. Converting the multi-view image on the screen into a wavefront with convergence function, corresponding to different perspective images, forming a separate viewpoint (directional light field) around the space, due to the phase (viewing angle) and amplitude (image) information carried by the spatial wavefront Independent propagation, each wavefront (viewpoint) does not cross each other. When the human eye observes, there is no visual fatigue, and the stereoscopic effect of observation is independent of the position of the observer.
  • the incident angle of the light proposed by the present invention refers to the angle between the center beam of the light and the normal to the plane of the projection screen.
  • the relationship between the incident angle and the wavelength of the three monochromatic light sources of red, green, and blue (or other combinations of colors and numbers of light sources) satisfies the grating diffraction equation.
  • RGB three colors (or four primary colors, six primary colors) through a piece of pointing to the projection screen to form the same diffraction angle and the same spatial viewpoint, that is, RGB three colors at a specific angle and
  • the position is incident on the projection screen to form a viewpoint having the same position of the light field of different wavelengths, that is, a convergence point, that is, three sets of monochromatic light sources are incident at a certain incident angle, and are directed to different sub-pixel arrays on the projection screen, through the nano-grating
  • the red, green and blue wavelengths are combined in the same direction to form a color stereoscopic image.
  • the present invention also provides a method for realizing a naked-eye 3D display, in which a parallel light source or a point light source is incident vertically or nearly perpendicularly to the window generating device, and the light phase information modulating device in the window generating device is used to converge the light in a space above the window generating device.
  • the light rays load the view image information when passing through the view image information modulation device, and converge to the above viewpoint, thereby achieving naked-eye 3D display.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the nano-grating inside the pixel on the screen in the XY plane.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the pixel-introduced nano-grating on the screen in FIG. 1 under the XZ plane.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pointing screen under the XZ plane in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the left-eye view 3D display device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a color display device of a 3D display of a naked-eye view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of another color display device of the 3D display of the naked eye of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a nanostructure distribution map of a pointing screen that achieves a single view convergence.
  • a naked eye 3D display device comprising:
  • the light source being located below the window generating device
  • Window generation device including:
  • phase information modulation device for phase modulation that is, changing the angle of the light irradiated by the light source and converge to different viewpoints in the space above the window generating device
  • a viewing angle image information modulating device for amplitude modulation that is, loading multi-view image information
  • pixels on the viewing angle image modulation device are aligned with the pixels on the phase modulation device
  • the multi-view image information loaded on the viewing angle image information modulating device is loaded, and the phase information modulating device respectively converges the respective viewing angle images projected by the light and the light into the space above the window generating device. And in the space to generate a viewpoint to achieve a circular separation, forming a circumferential observation light field, that is, a window, to achieve naked-eye 3D display.
  • the video display can be realized when the loaded multi-view image information is refreshed at an appropriate frequency.
  • the phase information modulation device is skillfully utilized for phase modulation, and the view image information modulation device is used for amplitude modulation, wherein the pixel of the view image generated by the view image information modulation device and the phase information modulation device are generated.
  • the viewpoint pixels match the alignment. Intended to have components with phase modulation
  • the display technology with amplitude modulation function combines to realize naked-eye 3D aurora display and present 3D image information.
  • the light projected by the light source is modulated by the phase information modulation device, the exit angle is changed, and then the image information is transmitted through the viewing angle image information modulation device, and finally the image information is collected and finally concentrated in the space above the naked eye 3D display device.
  • a 3D image that is visible to the naked eye is illustrated by some specific embodiments.
  • the spatial information modulating device may employ a peri-projection pointing projection screen having a nano-grating pixel array composed of nano-grating pixels.
  • the so-called nano-grating pixel is essentially a diffraction grating (or referred to as a diffraction grating pixel) of a nanometer-scale structure size processed on a directional screen.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are A structural diagram of a diffraction grating with a structural scale at the nanometer level in the XY plane and the XZ plane. According to the grating equation, the period and the orientation angle of the diffraction grating pixel 101 satisfy the following relationship:
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ sequentially indicate the incident angle of the light source 201 (incident).
  • the angle between the light and the positive direction of the z-axis) and the wavelength, ⁇ and The period and the orientation angle of the nano-diffraction grating 101 are sequentially shown, and n represents the refractive index of the light wave in the medium.
  • the period and orientation angle of the desired nanograting can be calculated by the above two formulas. For example, a red light of 650 nm wavelength is incident at 60°, a light diffraction angle is 10°, and a diffraction azimuth angle is 45°.
  • the corresponding nano-diffraction grating period is 550 nm, and the orientation angle is ⁇ 5.96°.
  • each nano-grating is regarded as one pixel (it can also be called For nano-grating pixels or nano-pixels, after making a plurality of nano-gratings with different orientation angles and periods set on a screen surface (ie, a plurality of nano-grating pixels are arranged into a required nano-grating pixel array), the theory
  • the viewing angle image information modulating device may adopt a liquid crystal display unit and be attached to the pointing projection screen to provide a multi-view image, pixels of the liquid crystal unit and nanometers disposed on the pointing projection screen.
  • the raster pixel array corresponds to the matching alignment.
  • the light source is diffracted by a set of nano-grating pixel arrays to generate a converging light field, ie, a viewpoint, in each space of the screen.
  • the image forms a set of circularly arranged convergent light fields, that is, multi-viewpoints, which are combined into a window for observation.
  • the converging light fields do not overlap each other. Even after a certain distance is propagated, the respective viewing angle images do not cross each other.
  • the pointing projection screen is located above or below the viewing angle graphic information modulating device, or directly prepare a nano grating pixel structure on one side of the viewing angle graphic information modulating device. That is, the nano pixel array forms an integrated window generating device.
  • the light source is directed to the perspective image information of the vertical or near-vertical projection image of the projection screen, and the respective perspective images projected vertically or approximately vertically by the pointing projection screen are respectively concentrated into the space near the upper portion of the projection device.
  • the pixel pointing to the projection screen includes sub-pixels corresponding to the respective perspective images, and the sub-pixels are designed according to the holographic principle.
  • the nano-grating combination, the function of the nano-grating pixel array is to perform wavefront conversion on the incident view image, and the parallel or point-like illumination light field forms a convergence viewpoint on the periphery of the screen.
  • the plurality of nano-grating pixel arrays are disposed on the light-emitting surface of the projection screen, and each of the nano-grating pixel arrays is configured to fit the respective pixel arrays according to the holographic imaging principle, and is distributed on the pointing projection screen.
  • the light emitted by the pixels in the same group of nano-grating pixel arrays points to the same viewing angle, and the overall viewing angle image is imaged at the surrounding space above the screen to form a convergence viewpoint; different sets of nano-grating pixel arrays have different positions of convergence
  • the viewpoints jointly form a circular circumferential view distribution; wherein the nano-grating pixels contain a nano-grating structure, and the period and orientation of the nano-gratings inside the nano-grating pixels satisfy the holographic principle.
  • the light source is three monochromatic light sources (such as red, green, and blue primary colors) disposed at the back of the projection screen, and the light emitted by the light source is incident from the top to the bottom.
  • a projection screen a projection screen; the liquid crystal display unit (such as LCD) is attached to the projection screen; the phase information of the multi-view 3D display is provided by phase modulation, and the image information of the multi-view 3D display is provided by the LCD.
  • the multi-view image information loaded thereon is projected by the light source, and after the light passes through the projection screen, after a spatial distance propagation, the pointing projection
  • the exiting light field of different viewpoints is formed around the space above the screen, and the light field of the multi-view point forms a circular ring window to realize the 3D display of the naked eye.
  • the directional projection screen only provides the phase information required in the 3D display, and the LCD provides image information, which is composed of multiple viewing angle images, and the function of the directional projection screen is to separate the images to form a viewpoint. .
  • the LCD image can be refreshed for video display.
  • the period and orientation angle of the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen satisfy the following relationship:
  • the light is incident on the XY plane at a certain angle
  • ⁇ 1 represents the diffraction angle of the diffracted light, that is, the angle between the diffracted ray and the positive direction of the z-axis
  • Indicates the azimuth of the diffracted light that is, the angle between the diffracted ray and the positive x-axis
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the light source, that is, the angle between the incident ray and the positive z-axis
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength
  • ⁇ represents the period of the nano-diffraction grating
  • Indicates the orientation angle that is, the angle between the groove shape and the positive direction of the y-axis
  • n indicates the refractive index of the light wave in the medium; that is, after specifying the wavelength of the incident light, the incident angle, and the diffraction angle and the diffraction azimuth of the diffracted light,
  • the formula calculates the period and orientation angle of the desired nanograting pixels.
  • the phase information modulating device is a pointing projection screen (or a plurality of pointing projection screen splicing), wherein the nanometer-sized nano grating is processed, and the single nano grating forms a nano grating pixel, that is, a viewpoint pixel. All nano-gratings constitute a nano-grating pixel array, which serves to make the pointing projection screen have a peripheral function.
  • the viewing angle image information modulating device may select a liquid crystal display unit or other display device that can load the viewing angle image information, wherein the viewing angle image pixels are combined into a multi-view image, and the liquid crystal display unit is attached to the pointing projection screen.
  • the pixels of the liquid crystal display unit are matched and aligned with the nano-grating pixel array disposed on the pointing projection screen, and the light source is diffracted by the nano-grating pixel array to image each of the multi-view images on the naked-eye 3D display device.
  • a converging light field that is, a viewpoint, is generated in the space, and the different viewing angle images form a set of circular converging light fields, that is, multi-view points, which are combined into a window for weekly observation, and the respective collecting light fields do not overlap each other even if a distance is propagated. After that, the images of the respective angles of view are also not crosstalked.
  • the light source is as parallel light or point light source as possible.
  • the existing liquid crystal panel since the LED backlight on the existing liquid crystal panel is a surface light source, it cannot be used, and the liquid crystal panel is required.
  • the rear LED light source is removed, and a directional projection screen (back or front) is attached to form a window generating device, and then a parallel light source or a point light source is formed under the window generating device to form a 3D peripheral visual display.
  • other liquid crystal components such as a driving circuit, a color filter, a package glass, and the like can be used.
  • a viewing angle image information modulating device that meets the requirements can be separately produced as needed.
  • the liquid crystal display unit can also use devices such as LCD or LCOS, or other devices that can realize image viewing angle modulation.
  • the pointing projection screen is a transmissive pointing projection screen
  • the pointing projection screen is located above or below the viewing angle graphic information modulation device, or is directly prepared on one side of the viewing angle graphic information modulation device.
  • the nano-grating pixel structure is a nano-pixel array to form an integrated window generating device.
  • the nano-grating pixel array is designed according to the holographic principle, and the function of the nano-grating pixel array is to perform wavefront conversion on the incident view image, and the parallel or point-like illumination light field forms a convergence view point in the space above the screen.
  • the light source is directed to the perspective image information of the vertical or near-vertical projection image of the projection screen, and the respective perspective images projected vertically or approximately vertically by the pointing projection screen are respectively concentrated into the space above the naked-eye 3D display device, and The space produces a viewpoint that achieves a circular separation, forming a circumferentially observed light field, or a window.
  • the angle between the light source and the normal of the display panel is smaller than the angle between the viewing angle and the normal of the display panel: the incident at the vertical angle is optimal.
  • a plurality of sets of nano-grating pixel arrays may be disposed on the light-emitting surface of the projection screen, and the respective sets of nano-grating pixel arrays are mutually fitted according to the holographic imaging principle, and are distributed on the pointing projection screen.
  • the light emitted by the pixels in the same group of nano-grating pixel arrays points to the same viewing angle, and the overall viewing angle image is imaged at the surrounding space above the screen to form a convergence viewpoint; different sets of nano-grating pixel arrays have different positions of convergence The viewpoints together form a circular circumferential view distribution; wherein the relationship between the period and the orientation of the nano grating satisfies the holographic principle.
  • the light source includes three primary color point light sources or parallel light sources disposed at the back of the projection screen, and the light emitted by the light source is incident from the bottom to the pointing projection.
  • the liquid crystal display unit Above the screen and the liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal display unit is attached to the top or bottom of the projection screen, and provides phase information of the multi-view image by phase modulation, and the amplitude information of the multi-view image is provided by the liquid crystal display unit, and the point source diffuses or collimates the light.
  • the pixels of the multi-view composite image are corresponding to the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen, and after being directed to the projection screen and the liquid crystal display unit, after a spatial distance propagation, in the window generating device
  • the upper space forms an exiting light field of different viewpoints, that is, an exiting light field of multiple viewpoints, and the exiting light field of the multi-viewpoint forms a circular ring window, thereby realizing a three-dimensional display of the naked eye.
  • the ratio of the point light source or the parallel light source of the three primary colors is adjusted by the LCD panel.
  • the liquid crystal display unit itself is provided with a color filter, and then the light source is incident on a corresponding nano-grating pixel on the projection screen, whether the light source is a white light source or a light source including three primary color light sources.
  • the color display can be realized by combining the color view image loaded on the liquid crystal display unit and focusing the view image into the corresponding view angle.
  • nano-grating pixels that point to a projection screen that form a single viewpoint convergence are composed of rectangular pixels, or circular pixels, or hexagonal pixel structures, but their shapes and perspective images are required.
  • the shape of the pixel provided on the information modulation device (such as a liquid crystal display unit) corresponds to each other.
  • the nano-grating pixels pointing to the projection screen can be continuously changed by ultraviolet light.
  • a lithography apparatus and a lithography method are described in the Chinese patent application No. CN201310166341.1.
  • a photolithographic method can be used to etch a differently oriented nano-grating on the surface of the projection screen, and then a template that can be used for imprinting is prepared, and then imprinted by nanoimprinting. A pixel array of nano-gratings is formed.
  • the feature of the invention is that the observed image has a convergence effect on the spatial viewpoint, and carries the amplitude and phase information, and there is no crosstalk between the different perspective images. Therefore, no visual fatigue is generated during the observation, and no limitation is placed on the observation position.
  • the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen satisfy the holographic principle, and the wavefront conversion imaging of the light is realized by diffracting the light passing therethrough.
  • the resulting view window is rounded to form a perimeter view.
  • red, green and blue three-color point light sources are used to project onto the three groups of pixel arrays pointing to the projection screen
  • the multi-view images of red, green and blue are combined on the exit surface by using the nano-grating to control the light independently.
  • Color peripheral view naked eye 3D display The relationship between the incident angle and the wavelength of the three monochromatic light sources of red, green, and blue (or other combinations of colors and numbers of light sources) satisfies the grating diffraction equation.
  • RGB three colors (or four primary colors, six primary colors) form the same diffraction angle and the same spatial viewpoint through one piece pointing to the projection screen, that is, three colors of RGB are incident at a specific angle and position to the projection screen to form different wavelength light fields.
  • a viewpoint having the same position that is, a convergence point, that is, three sets of monochromatic light sources are incident at a certain incident angle, and are directed to different sub-pixel arrays on the projection screen, and after being combined by the nano-grating, after exiting from the screen, red and green
  • the blue wavelength light is combined in the same direction to form a color stereoscopic image.
  • the light source for example, there are three single colors (such as red, green, and blue primary colors, or red, green, blue, yellow, four or more colors) behind the pointing projection screen.
  • the white light is modulated as a principle, and the light source (or parallel light source) is selected as needed.
  • the light from the light source is incident from the bottom to the back of the projection screen.
  • a liquid crystal display unit (LCD) is attached to the projection screen, a multi-view composite image is provided by spatial modulation, and a multi-view plane composite image is provided by the LCD.
  • the pixels of the multi-view composite image are Points to the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen.
  • the liquid crystal display unit such as the LCD can be used to refresh the image to realize the naked-eye 3D video display.
  • the present invention adopts a nano-grating projection screen to adjust the direction of the outgoing light, and cooperates with the display technology of the liquid crystal display unit to realize low-cost three-dimensional display of the naked eye, and the obtained image has high resolution and no visual fatigue.
  • a nano-grating pixel array composed of nano-grating pixels has a circumferentially-oriented pointing projection screen, which is matched with the liquid crystal display unit, and the liquid crystal display unit provides a multi-view image and corresponds to the nano-grating pixel array on the screen, and each viewing angle image
  • a set of nano-grating pixel arrays creates a converging light field (viewpoint) in the space around the screen, and different views of the image form a set of circularly arranged convergent light fields (multi-viewpoints), which are combined into a window for observation.
  • Each of the converging light fields (viewpoints) does not overlap each other, and even if a certain distance is propagated, the images of the respective angles of view do not cross each other. Therefore, observation in the vicinity of the window or in the front and rear positions does not cause visual fatigue, and the stereoscopic effect of the image is true, and the stereoscopic effect is similar to the principle of holographic reproduction.
  • the pointing projection screen of the nano-grating pixel array composed of the nano-grating pixels respectively converges the respective viewing angle images of the vertical projection to the vicinity of the position of the projection device, and generates a viewpoint for realizing the circular separation in the space to form a viewpoint.
  • the pixels that point to the projection screen are included in the sub-image corresponding to each view image.
  • a pixel whose sub-pixel contains a nano-grating combination designed according to the holographic principle, and the function of the nano-grating pixel array is to perform wavefront conversion on the incident view image, and to form a circular or parallel illumination field in the space above the screen.
  • Convergence point of view In essence, this is a holographic wavefront conversion imaging that converts the viewing angle information provided by the LCD into a phase viewpoint, ensuring that there is no crosstalk between the various viewing angle images.
  • the pointing projection screen provides spatial information (phase) modulation
  • the liquid crystal display unit provides viewing angle image information (amplitude) modulation, which combines to provide all the information of the holographic display.
  • a pixel array composed of nano-gratings essentially functions as a wavefront transform imaging. Converting the multi-view image on the screen into a wavefront with convergence function, corresponding to different perspective images, forming a separate viewpoint (directional light field) around the space, due to the phase (viewing angle) and amplitude (image) information carried by the spatial wavefront Independent propagation, each wavefront (viewpoint) does not cross each other. When the human eye observes, there is no visual fatigue, and the stereoscopic effect of observation is independent of the position of the observer.
  • the incident angle of the light proposed by the present invention refers to the angle between the center beam of the light and the normal to the plane of the projection screen.
  • the present invention also provides a method for realizing a naked-eye 3D display, in which a parallel light source or a point light source is incident vertically or nearly perpendicularly to the window generating device, and the light phase information modulating device in the window generating device is used to converge the light in a space above the window generating device.
  • the light rays load the view image information when passing through the view image information modulation device, and converge to the above viewpoint, thereby achieving naked-eye 3D display.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pointing projection screen under the XZ plane in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pointing projection screen 301, a red light source 311, a green light source 312, and a blue light source 313 having a nano-diffraction grating pixel (ie, a nano-grating pixel or a nano-pixel, substantially a nano-sized diffraction grating) are included.
  • the three light sources 311, 312, 313 are incident on the three nano-diffraction grating pixels 321, 322, 323 pointing above the projection screen 301 at a certain incident angle, and are diffracted by the nano-grating pixels. Thereafter, the outgoing light 331, 332, 333 converges at the same viewpoint 1.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a naked-eye 3D display device of the present invention.
  • the 3D display device includes a pointing projection screen 410 having nano-grating pixels as described above, a light source 401, and an LCD panel 420, wherein (the position between the projection screen 410 and the LCD panel 420 can be reversed, which is not shown in the drawing. ).
  • the incident light source 401 is subjected to light field modulation directed to the projection screen 410, and the multi-view image loaded on the LCD is separately focused into respective viewpoints in the peripheral field of view or the incident light source 401 passes through the LCD first, and after passing through the pointing projection screen 410, the LCD will be The multi-view image loaded on the separation is focused into each viewpoint in the peripheral field of view (not shown).
  • the nano-grating pixels 411, 412, 413 and 414 pointing on the projection screen respectively correspond to the viewing angle 431, the viewing angle 433, the viewing angle 435 and the viewing angle 437, so that the viewpoint separation of the four viewing angle images can be realized, each The viewpoint corresponds to an image.
  • the nano-grating pixels 411, 412, 413, 414 pointing to the projection screen focus the pixels 421, 422, 423, 424 in the view image 1, image 2, image 3, image 4 to the observation windows 431, 433, 435, 437, respectively.
  • each view constitutes a circular observation window that is viewed from a weekly perspective.
  • an infinite number of viewing angles can be distributed.
  • a 3D stereoscopic effect will be generated, and at the same time, the LCD refreshes the image display, and the naked eye can be realized. 3D display effect.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a color display device of a 3D display of a naked-eye view of the present invention.
  • three sets of sub-pixel nano-gratings are fabricated in the same pointing projection screen, corresponding to the RGB three-color light sources, respectively.
  • the device is composed of RGB three-color light sources 501-503, a pointing projection screen 410, and an LCD panel 420.
  • the red, green and blue RGB three-color light sources 501-503 are respectively incident on the corresponding sub-pixel nano-glasses 511-513, and after being modulated by the nano-gratings directed onto the projection screen, combined with the color viewing angle images loaded on the LCD, the viewing angle images are focused to corresponding In the perspective of the.
  • sub-pixel nano-gratings 511-513 corresponding to RGB on projection screen 410 correspond to RGB sub-pixels 521-523 on LCD 420, respectively.
  • the three sub-pixels are modulated by the sub-pixel nano-grating to the viewing angle 433 to achieve color display.
  • the ratio of each RGB color can be adjusted by the LCD.
  • the device includes a white light source 601, a color filter 640, a pointing projection screen 410, and an LCD panel 420.
  • the white light source forms RGB light through the color filter 640, is incident on the corresponding nano-grating pixels 511-513, and is modulated by the nano-grating directed onto the projection screen, and combined with the color viewing angle image loaded on the LCD, the viewing angle image is focused to corresponding In the perspective of the.
  • the RGB pixels 511-513 pointing to the projection screen 410 correspond to the RGB pixels 521-523 on the LCD 420, respectively.
  • the three sub-pixels of the LCD are modulated by the nano-grating to the viewing angle 433 to realize color display.
  • the ratio of each RGB color can be adjusted by the LCD.
  • the color filters can be mounted separately in the appropriate locations.
  • Figure 7 is a nanostructure distribution diagram of a pointing projection screen that achieves a single viewpoint convergence.
  • the pixels on the figure are not limited to rectangular pixels, and may be composed of a pixel structure such as a circle or a hexagon.
  • the number of nano-gratings in the above embodiments is set according to the actual required resolution, and preferably matches the resolution of the liquid crystal display unit or other display that loads multi-view image information.
  • the present invention discloses the use of a pixelated pointing projection screen and the use of the pointing projection screen to implement a peripheral naked eye 3D display device.
  • a point light source or a parallel light source is used to form a same outgoing light field on a pointing projection screen having nano-grating pixels at a specific angle and position, and image amplitude modulation is realized by the liquid crystal display unit, thereby realizing color 3D display.
  • the periocular naked-eye 3D display device has the characteristics of a naked-eye 3D display without visual fatigue.
  • the invention creatively proposes a naked eye 3D display with low cost, easy industrialization, no visual fatigue and the like, and a naked eye 3D display technical solution.
  • the naked eye 3D technology is the dominant direction of the future display technology, and the prospect and value cannot be Estimate. Ben
  • Ben The invention has the advantages of being easy to implement, low in cost, high in comfort, capable of achieving significant technical advantages such as weekly vision, easy to realize industrialization, and may bring revolutionary changes to the entire industry, and has high economic value and social value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage 3D à l'œil nu et un procédé de réalisation d'affichage 3D à l'œil nu. Le dispositif comprend : des sources de lumière (401, 501-503, 601), les sources de lumière (401, 501-503, 601) étant situées en dessous d'un dispositif de génération de fenêtre de visualisation; et le dispositif de génération de fenêtre de visualisation comprenant : un dispositif de modulation d'informations de phase (410) pour une modulation de phase, et un dispositif de modulation d'informations d'image d'angle de vue (420) pour une modulation d'amplitude, des pixels (421-424, 521-523) d'une image d'angle de vue générée par le dispositif de modulation d'informations d'image d'angle de vue (420) étant mis en correspondance et alignés avec des pixels de point de vue (411-414, 511-513) générés par le dispositif de modulation d'informations de phase (410). À l'aide d'un principe d'imagerie holographique et de conversion de front d'onde, le dispositif de modulation d'informations de phase (410) est utilisé de manière intelligente pour une modulation de phase et, en même temps, le dispositif de modulation d'informations d'image d'angle de vue (420) est utilisé pour une modulation d'amplitude, les pixels (421-424, 521-523) de l'image d'angle de vue générée par le dispositif de modulation d'informations d'image d'angle de vue (420) étant mis en correspondance et alignés avec les pixels de point de vue (411-414, 511-513) générés par le dispositif de modulation d'informations de phase (410). À savoir, un ensemble ayant une fonction de modulation de phase est combiné à la technologie d'affichage ayant une fonction de modulation d'amplitude, de telle sorte qu'un affichage 3D à l'œil nu est réalisé, et des informations d'image 3D sont présentées.
PCT/CN2017/080701 2016-04-18 2017-04-17 Dispositif d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu et procédé de réalisation d'affichage 3d à l'œil nu WO2017181917A1 (fr)

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CN114815234A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-29 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示装置、现实增强设备以及显示方法
CN117097879A (zh) * 2023-08-28 2023-11-21 山东天竞电子科技有限公司 一种像素化的裸眼3d显示方法
CN117097879B (zh) * 2023-08-28 2024-03-12 山东天竞电子科技有限公司 一种像素化的裸眼3d显示方法

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