WO2017180013A1

WO2017180013A1 - Power line filter

Info

Publication number: WO2017180013A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000343
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Александрович СКОРОХОДОВ; Владимир Сергеевич КУЧИН; Игорь Анатольевич УФИМЦЕВ
Original assignee: Сергей Александрович СКОРОХОДОВ; Владимир Сергеевич КУЧИН; Игорь Анатольевич УФИМЦЕВ
Priority date: 2016-04-12
Filing date: 2016-06-08
Publication date: 2017-10-19
Also published as: RU2657233C2; RU2016114058A

Abstract

The invention can be used in the field of electrical engineering. The technical result is that of preventing surges of current in a three-wire system, preventing long-term supply of overvoltage to a load, saving energy, and providing for a symmetrical voltage supply to a load. A power line filter includes input and output terminals for connecting the filter into a break in line wires which have connected therebetween inductors and inductors together with capacitors, said capacitors being connected between the output terminals, and the inductors together with the capacitors forming broadband filters. Bias coils are mounted on common cores of the inductors and are connected by one output to the output terminals and by a second output to the first outputs of ballast inductors that are coupled by second outputs to the first outputs of ballast inductors that are connected by second outputs to the line wires. A threshold control device is connected between the input terminals and the line wires and is connected by its outputs to electronic switches, which are connected between the line wires and one output of control windings. The threshold control device is further connected by its outputs to electronic commutators, which are connected in parallel to ballast inductors. The second outputs of the control windings are connected to the respective line wires.

Description

NETWORK FILTER

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to prevent abrupt changes in current in circuits with devices powered by a three-wire AC network, to prevent the long-term supply of excess voltage to the load circuit, the general energy saving of active energy and the balancing of the voltage supplied to the load.

State of the art

Currently, a large number of surge protectors with various characteristics are known. Main types: non-adaptive filters, i.e. filters that do not have adaptive elements, the parameters of which depend on the current in the load circuit, and adaptive filters.

Known adaptive line filter containing magnetically coupled inductors on a common ferromagnetic core, included in accordance with the gap of the linear wires of the power supply network, and capacitors that connect the linear wires to each other and the ground bus (T. Williams, K. Armstrong. EMC for systems and installations. M Publishing House "Technologies", 2004, p. 337, Fig. 8.10.)

The disadvantage of this filter is its low efficiency with a quick short-term increase or decrease in current in the load, both due to external and internal reasons. The specified filter is not capable of filtering both high-frequency and mid-frequency current changes at the same time and does not provide a mode of saving active and reactive energy.

Known adaptive line filter described in patent RU 2446549, IPC Н02М1 / 16, published March 27, 2012, containing inductors with cores included in the gap of the linear wires, and a capacitor connecting the linear wires to each other, and included in each of linear wires, filtering current inductances with a core, equipped with at least one additional winding, connected between linear wires by at least two filter-correcting circuits, the input of each of which is connected to the output of one of the additional windings current. The disadvantages of this filter are that with a sufficiently effective mode of operation of the filtering inductance coils at loads having an inductively active nature and low power (hundreds of watts), there is a significantly less efficient operation of the line filter on loads of an active and active capacitive nature and small the range of possible power loads associated with the growth at high powers of heat loss in filtering inductors with cores sequentially included in the network wires, which leads to the practical impossibility of creating such an effective device for operation on loads with a capacity of tens and hundreds of kilowatts, i.e. at large relatively stable currents of consumption.

Known surge protector described in patent RU 2570351, IPC Н02М1 / 16, published on December 10, 2015, selected as a prototype, comprising an inductance coil with a core and a current filtering inductance with a core, equipped with at least than one additional winding, a capacitor and at least two filter-correcting circuits are connected between the linear wires, the input of each of which is connected to the output of one of the additional windings, connected in series between the linear wires of the cat magnetization eye and ballast inductances, with cores on which control windings are installed, a threshold resolver connected at the input between the linear wires, electronic switching devices connected between one of the linear wires and the first leads of the control windings, the second leads of which are connected to one of the linear wires, electronic switching devices connected in parallel with ballast inductances, while the outputs of the threshold solver are connected to electronic components mutating devices, and the bias coil is installed on one of the cores of the inductors

The disadvantage of this line filter is that, with a sufficiently effective decrease in the total current and a decrease in the consumed electricity at the loads of the active and reactive type, included in the two-wire circuit, there is a significantly less efficient operation of the line filter at the loads of the active and reactive type, included in a three-wire circuit, which is associated with the absence in the specified filter of a symmetrizing effect at ordinary operating currents and a stabilizing effect at load currents close to maximum. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to improve the design of the surge protector.

The technical result of the invention is aimed at balancing the flowing in and outflowing from the load currents, stabilizing the filter at load currents close to maximum, reducing the total component of the currents flowing in the load supplied to the load from a three-wire network, with the control of the permissible limits of voltage reduction in the load according to technical characteristics and, as a result, to save energy consumed by the load.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a line filter containing a core inductance coil included in the gaps of each of the linear wires, capacitors connected between the linear wires, ballast inductors connected in series with the cores on which the control windings are installed, with one terminal of the circuit ballast inductances connected to one of the linear wires, electronic keys connected between one of the linear wires and the first conclusions of the control windings, Other outputs of which are connected to one of the linear wires, electronic switches connected in parallel with ballast inductances, a threshold control device connected by its inputs to the inputs of linear wires, and connected by its outputs to electronic switches and keys, the total number of input and output linear wires is three, the inductors included in the breakdown of the linear wires are connected in pairs at the filter output to the output linear wires, and the magnetization coils installed in the circuit of each of the three linear wires, are placed on a common core with corresponding inductors and are connected with one output to the output of the corresponding linear wire, and a second output to the second output of the corresponding ballast inductance circuit.

List of drawings

The block diagram of the line filter is shown in FIG. 1. Detailed description of the invention

The line filter includes input 1, 2, 3 and output 4, 5, 6 terminals for connecting it to the gap of the linear wires A, B, C. Between the input terminal 1 and output terminal 4, input terminal 2 and output terminal 5, input terminal 3 and output terminal 6, respectively, include inductors 7, 8, 9 and inductors 10, 11, 12, together with capacitors 13, 14, 15 connected between output terminals 4, 5, 6, forming broadband filters. The common cores 16, 17, 18 of the inductors 7, 8, 9 and inductors 10, 11, 12 have magnetization coils 19, 20, 21, connected by one output to the output terminals 4, 5, 6, and the second output to the first conclusions ballast inductances 22, 23, 24, which are connected by second terminals to the first terminals of ballast inductances 25, 26, 27, which are connected by second terminals to line wires B, C, A. Between input terminals 1, 2, 3 and, respectively , linear wires A, B, C, includes a threshold control device 28, which: connected with its findings with electronic keys 29, 30, 31 connected, respectively, between the linear wires A, B, C and one terminal of the control windings 32, 33, 34; connected by its terminals to electronic keys 35, 36, 37 connected, respectively, between the linear wires A, B, C and one terminal of the control windings 38, 39, 40; connected by its inputs to electronic switches 41, 42, 43, which are connected in parallel with ballast inductors 22, 23, 24; connected by its leads to electronic switches 44, 45, 46, which are connected in parallel with ballast inductors 25, 26, 27. In this case, the second leads of the control windings 32 and 38, 33 and 39, 34 and 40 are connected, respectively, to the line wires A, B, C.

The line filter is functionally divided into a circuit of linear wires A, B, C, while: the circuit of line wire A includes an input terminal 1, electronic keys 35, 29, a common core 16, a bias coil 19, an inductor 7, 10, a capacitor 13, an output terminal 4, control windings 32, 38, ballast inductances 22, 25, electronic switches 41, 44; line wire circuit B includes an input terminal 2, electronic keys 36, 30, a common core 17, a bias coil 20, inductors 8, 11, a capacitor 14, an output terminal 5, control windings 33, 39, ballast inductors 23, 26, electronic switches 42, 45; line wire circuit C includes an input terminal 3, electronic keys 37, 31, a common core 18, a bias coil 21, an inductor 9, 12, a capacitor 15, an output terminal 6, control windings 34, 40, ballast inductors 24, 27, electronic switches 43, 46. The surge protector works as follows. When the load is connected to the output terminals 4, 5, 6, linear wires A, B, C, the current begins to flow through closed circuits. The operation of the line filter on the lines of linear wires A, B, C is identical.

Line current A flows through input terminal 1, inductor 7, output terminal 4, load, output terminals 5 and 6, inductors 8 and 9, and inductors 10 and 11, input terminals 2 and 3. A broadband filter formed by the coils inductors 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and capacitors 13, 14, 15 provide smoothing of current pulses, when they occur in the load. The bias inductor 19 and the ballast inductors 22, 25 connected in series with it are connected with a voltage taken from the input terminal 2 and the output terminal 4, which, through a common core 16, creates bias currents on the inductors 7 and 10, which are opposite in direction to the current in the load. In this case, the parameters of inductors 7 and 10 are selected so that they create equal voltages due to current - this ensures symmetrical operation of the entire filter circuit along the line of the linear wire A. The ratio of the parameters of inductors 7 and 10, magnetization coil 19 and ballast inductances 22 and 25 are chosen so that the bias current reduces the current at the output of the line filter by a certain amount, for example, 8-18%. Moreover, if the voltage between the input terminals 1 and 2 drops below the value of the first threshold set by the parameters of the threshold control device 28, the latter is triggered and provides control signals to the electronic switch 41 and the electronic key 29. It is also turned on using the control winding 32 through the core supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 22. In this case, the switch 41 is turned off, which creates a decrease in the current through the input terminal 1 of the line filter by a reduced amount, for example, by 4-9%. If the voltage between terminals 1 and 2 drops below the second threshold set by the parameters of the threshold control device 28, the latter is triggered and, holding control signals on the electronic switch 41 and the electronic key 29, sends control signals to the electronic switch 44 and the electronic key 35. The latter is turned on and using the control winding 38 through the core supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 25. At the same time, the switch 44 is turned off, which creates a decrease in current b

through the input terminal 1 of the line filter by an even reduced value, for example by 2-5%. Moreover, if during the operation of the load, its power consumption will change, then at currents close to maximum, for the selected circuit parameters, it is possible to increase the voltage drop across the inductors 7 and 10. But this will decrease the voltage between terminals 2 and 4, between by which the bias coil is turned on 19. This, in turn, will reduce the bias current in the inductors 7 and 10 and restore the calculated voltage drop across the inductors 7 and 10. Therefore, the filter circuit along the linear wire circuit and A has the property that a stabilized operation at load currents close to the maximum, with a symmetrical current limitation and circuit connected to the load input and a circuit connected to the load output.

Line current B flows through input terminal 2, inductor 8, output terminal 5, load, output terminals 4 and 6, inductors 7 and 9, and inductors 10 and 12, input terminals 2 and 3. A broadband filter formed by the coils inductors 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and capacitors 13, 14, 15 provide smoothing of current pulses, when they occur in the load. The bias inductor 20 and the ballast inductors 23, 26 connected in series with it are connected with a voltage taken from the input terminal 3 and the output terminal 5, which, through a common core 17, creates magnetization currents on the inductors 8 and 11, which are opposite in direction to the current in the load. In this case, the parameters of the inductors 8 and 11 are selected so that they create equal voltages due to the current - this ensures the symmetrical operation of the entire filter circuit along the line of the linear wire B. The ratio of the parameters of the inductors 8 and 11, the magnetization coil 20 and the ballast inductances 23 and 26 are chosen so that the bias current reduces the current at the output of the line filter by a certain amount, for example, 8-18%. Moreover, if the voltage between the input terminals 2 and 3 drops below the value of the first threshold set by the parameters of the threshold control device 28, the latter is triggered and provides control signals to the electronic switch 42 and the electronic switch 30. It is also turned on using the control winding 33 through the core supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 23. At the same time, the switch 42 is turned off, which creates a decrease in the current through the input terminal 2 of the line filter by a reduced amount, for example, by 4-9%. If the voltage between terminals 2 and 3 drops below the value of the second threshold set by the threshold control parameters device 28, the latter is triggered and, holding control signals on the electronic switch 42 and the electronic key 30, sends control signals to the electronic switch 45 and the electronic key 36. The latter is turned on and using the control winding 39 through the core supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 26. When this switch 45 is turned off, which creates a decrease in current through the input terminal 2 of the line filter by an even more reduced amount, for example, 2-5%. Moreover, if during the operation of the load, its power consumption will change, then at currents close to maximum, for the selected circuit parameters, an increase in the voltage drop across the inductors 8 and 11 is possible. But in this case, a decrease in voltage between terminals 3 and 5, between by which the magnetization coil 20 is turned on. This, in turn, will reduce the magnetization current in the inductors 8 and 11 and restore the calculated voltage drop across the inductors 8 and 11. Therefore, the filter circuit is connected to a linear wire and B has the property that a stabilized operation at load currents close to the maximum, with a symmetrical current limitation and circuit connected to the load input and a circuit connected to the load output.

Line current C flows through input terminal 3, inductor 9, output terminal 6, load, output terminals 4 and 5, inductors 7 and 8, and inductors 12 and 10, input terminals 1 and 2. A broadband filter formed by the coils inductors 7, 8, 9, 12, 10 and capacitors 13, 14, 15 provide smoothing of current pulses when they occur in the load. The bias inductor 21 and the ballast inductors 24, 27 connected in series with it are supplied with a voltage taken from the input terminal 1 and the output terminal 6, which, through a common core 18, creates magnetization currents on the inductors 9 and 12, which are opposite in direction to the current in the load. In this case, the parameters of the inductors 9 and 12 are selected so that they create equal voltages due to the current - this ensures symmetrical operation of the entire filter circuit along the line of the linear wire C. The ratio of the parameters of the inductors 9 and 12, the magnetization coil 21 and the ballast inductances 24 and 27 are chosen so that the bias current reduces the current at the output of the line filter by a certain amount, for example, 8-18%. Moreover, if the voltage between the input terminals 3 and 1 drops below the value of the first threshold set by the parameters of the threshold control device 28, the latter is triggered and provides control signals to the electronic switch 43 and the electronic key 31. He it is turned on and using the control winding 34 through the core it supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 24. At the same time, the switch 43 is turned off, which creates a decrease in the current through the input terminal 3 of the line filter by a reduced value, for example, by 4-9%. If the voltage between terminals 3 and 1 drops below the second threshold set by the parameters of the threshold control device 28, the latter is triggered and, holding control signals on the electronic switch 43 and the electronic key 31, sends control signals to the electronic switch 46 and the electronic key 37. The latter is turned on and using the control winding 40 through the core supplies voltage to the ballast inductance 27. At the same time, the switch 46 is turned off, which creates a decrease in current through the input terminal 3 set filter by an even lower value, for example by 2-5%. Moreover, if during the operation of the load, its power consumption will change, then at currents close to maximum, for the selected circuit parameters, an increase in the voltage drop across the inductors 9 and 12 is possible. But at the same time, the voltage decreases between terminals 1 and 6, between by which the magnetization coil 21 is turned on. This, in turn, will reduce the magnetization current in the inductors 9 and 12 and restore the calculated voltage drop across the inductors 9 and 12. Therefore, the filter circuit along the linear wire circuit and C has the property that a stabilized operation at load currents close to the maximum, with a symmetrical current limitation and circuit connected to the load input and a circuit connected to the load output.

Symmetric reduction of the total current along the circuit of each of the linear wires in three-wire power supply systems, in combination with the stabilization effect on active and reactive-type loads, and the network filter operation algorithm with load currents described above, reduces the power consumption by the load, while maintaining guaranteed power supply in a wide range of input voltages and in an extended range of operating currents.

Example.

During the tests, the combined load typical of a gas station was used, including lighting, heating, pumps, ventilation devices, and office equipment. The input voltage levels at this facility vary depending on the time of day and the operation modes of neighboring facilities connected to one substation. When you turn on the filter, it starts to work out algorithms for a given economy independently for each linear current and interline voltage. If the voltage supplied from the network to the line filter exceeds the threshold settings of the threshold control device, then in the output circuits of the filter due to the creation of magnetization, the load current decreases by half the maximum value specified by the filter parameters, the second half of the decrease in the load current is provided by the filter circuits into which the current load flows into the filter to return to the mains. If the input voltages are lowered, which causes the threshold control device to fail, then the magnitude of the current reduction on the line filter drops, which causes the current load mode to be maintained in combination with average energy savings. A further decrease in the input voltage leads to a decrease in the fraction of the decrease in current at the line filter, which causes the current load mode to be maintained in combination with a small energy saving. If during operation the load current will change, approaching the maximum permissible values, the network filter circuit will provide a stabilizing effect by changing the magnetization currents. The reduction of the load currents in both the outgoing filter circuits and in the filter circuits provides modes of symmetrization of the currents and voltages supplied to the load in a wide range of difference of the load currents along linear wires. As a result, filtering the excess supply current by reducing it to the permissible limit does not violate the load, but reduces the amount of electricity consumed by it. In addition, as an additional positive property of the line filter, it is possible to note the smoothing of the surge voltage and, consequently, an increase in the service life of the devices that make up this combined load.

Measurements of the combined electric load consumed by electric energy over a period of time equal to 2 hours showed its savings when switched on with a line filter in an amount of 11 to 19%, compared to working without a filter.

The surge protector can be manufactured using standard capacitors, standard electronic switches and electronic switches; inductors, magnetization coils, control windings, ballast inductors can be made of a standard winding wire, and mounted on cores made of transformer iron of the required brand; the controller can be made for a specific line filter, it is possible to use an industrial controller with the appropriate program. Ready the line filter can be placed in a standard electrical panel having the required connection and overall dimensions and the required class of electrical protection.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the inventive mains filter along with an acceptable threshold decrease in the supply mains current supplied to the load, which significantly saves the energy consumed by the load, ensures operation in a three-wire network in two-sided current symmetry modes, and ensures stabilization of the filter at alternating currents loads, including at load currents close to maximum.

Other specialists may be obvious to other embodiments of the invention, without changing its essence, as it is disclosed in the present description. Accordingly, the invention should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.

Claims

Claim

A line filter containing a core inductance coil included in the breaks of each of the linear wires, capacitors connected between the linear wires, ballast inductors connected in series with the cores, on which the control windings are installed, while one output of the ballast inductance circuit is connected to one of the linear wires , electronic keys connected between one of the linear wires and the first terminals of the control windings, the second terminals of which are connected to one of the linear wires odes, electronic switches connected in parallel with ballast inductances, a threshold control device connected by its inputs to the inputs of linear wires and connected by its outputs to electronic switches and keys, characterized in that the total number of input and output linear wires is three, inductors included into the gap of the linear wires, are connected in pairs at the filter output to the output linear wires, and the magnetizing coils installed in the circuit of each of the three linear wires are mounted on a common core with corresponding inductors and are connected with one output to the output of the corresponding linear wire, and a second output to the second output of the corresponding ballast inductance circuit.