WO2017177881A1 - Dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux Download PDF

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WO2017177881A1
WO2017177881A1 PCT/CN2017/079997 CN2017079997W WO2017177881A1 WO 2017177881 A1 WO2017177881 A1 WO 2017177881A1 CN 2017079997 W CN2017079997 W CN 2017079997W WO 2017177881 A1 WO2017177881 A1 WO 2017177881A1
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gas
pole
chamber
pyrolysis
honeycomb
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PCT/CN2017/079997
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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王冬
沈苏伟
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王冬
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a domestic waste pyrolysis waste gas comprehensive treatment device, in particular to an exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device based on an electric tar catcher and a corona plasma purification principle.
  • Garbage is solid waste generated in daily life and production of human beings. Garbage disposal is to quickly remove the garbage and carry out harmless treatment, and finally make reasonable use.
  • Landfill can cause serious geological water and soil pollution. Because human waste includes many toxic and harmful substances and germs, viruses and various heavy metal elements, it is very easy to endanger the normal survival of humans and living things.
  • the high-temperature composting method is difficult to completely kill the pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs and the like contained in the domestic garbage by ordinary heating or adding lime.
  • the wastes are applied to the farmland as fertilizers, and some germs can survive in the soil. For months, it has caused soil and water pollution, threatening the health of humans and livestock.
  • Waste incineration has not been accepted by the general public, and its ills are highlighted by its latent pollution, expensive, complicated operation and waste of resources.
  • the composition of hundreds of major pollutants emitted from the tail gas of incinerators is extremely complex.
  • dioxins are recognized as primary carcinogens, and even in trace amounts can accumulate in the body for a long time.
  • Dioxins in domestic waste incineration smoke are a common concern in countries around the world in recent years.
  • the waste pyrolysis technology is generally favored by environmental experts in various countries, and it is considered to be a new way for garbage disposal to be harmless, reduced and resourced.
  • Pyrolysis technology has a long history in industrial production. The dry distillation of wood and coal, the cracking of heavy oil to produce various fuel oils are all derived from the pyrolysis principle. The pyrolysis principle has been applied to solid waste treatment abroad.
  • the typical foreign pyrolysis processes include moving bed, grate bed, rotary kiln, double-tower circulating fluid bed, external thermal fixed bed, etc.; domestic waste pyrolysis equipment It was reformed on the basis of coal-fired boilers in the past, mainly including fixed bed, fluidized bed, rotary kiln, ablated bed, melting Melting bath and other major categories.
  • the composition of domestic waste is very complicated.
  • Some secondary pollutants must be produced during the pyrolysis process, including some exhaust gases such as SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar, and some trace or ultra-trace pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). If such pollutants are discharged without high-efficiency purification, they will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere and pose a serious threat to air quality.
  • Some secondary pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar, and some trace or ultra-trace pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
  • the conventional treatment methods include adsorption, combustion or biological methods.
  • the catalytic combustion method has high purification efficiency, but the disadvantage is that the catalyst is easily damaged by the tar and carbon black solid materials in the waste pyrolysis flue gas, the equipment is large in volume, the one-time investment and the equipment operation energy consumption are large, and there are safety hazards.
  • the adsorption method and absorption method have an ideal purification effect, but the pollutants after adsorption/absorption still need to be disposed of, and the energy consumption for regeneration is large.
  • the application range of the condensation method is limited, and the treatment effect on the medium and high concentration volatile organic gases is good.
  • Biological law investment and operating costs are low, but the operation is complicated, the floor space is large, and there is the possibility of secondary pollution.
  • low temperature plasma technology is one of the effective ways to achieve simultaneous removal of composite pollutants.
  • Low-temperature plasma is obtained by high-voltage discharge, containing a large amount of high-energy electrons and high-energy electrons to generate active particles, which can oxidize harmful gas pollutants into other harmless substances or low-toxic substances such as CO 2 and H 2 O, and at the same time, the solid state in gas
  • the liquid particles are charged by the high-energy electrons generated by the pulse discharge, and are collected on the surface of the dust collecting plate by the electric field force.
  • the utility model realizes the low-temperature pyrolysis of domestic garbage and applies the basic principle of electric tar catcher and the technology of purifying the domestic waste pyrolysis dust by corona plasma, and is a new pyrolysis dust purification technology, thereby achieving domestic garbage.
  • the purpose of the pyrolysis furnace is smokeless and odorless.
  • the utility model aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a device for purifying domestic waste pyrolysis soot, collecting and processing high and medium molecular organic liquids (tar, aromatic hydrocarbons, organic acids, etc.) and gases (CH 4 ). , H 2, CO, CO 2 , nO X, SO 2, HCl), to achieve smoking, no odor straight row.
  • Tar oil is an inevitable by-product of pyrolysis treatment of domestic waste. It is an important chemical raw material. It is a renewable resource after it is effectively collected and extracted.
  • An exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device comprising: a gas distribution chamber, an exhaust gas treatment chamber, a high pressure chamber and a discharge air chamber;
  • the exhaust gas treatment chamber comprises a honeycomb precipitation pole and a corona pole
  • the air distribution chamber is disposed at a bottom of the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device for receiving exhaust gas to be treated; the honeycomb precipitation pole is disposed above the air distribution chamber; the corona pole is located at a center of each of the honeycomb precipitation poles The discharge plenum is disposed above the honeycomb precipitation pole; the high pressure tank is disposed at a side of the honeycomb precipitation pole.
  • the number of honeycomb precipitation poles is 19-37
  • the honeycomb precipitate is extremely regular hexagonal
  • the inscribed circle of the regular hexagon has a diameter of 200-250 mm.
  • the bottom end of the air chamber is connected with an air outlet cylinder, and the upper end of the air outlet cylinder is connected with a flow guiding liquid umbrella, and an outer wall of the air discharging cylinder and an inner wall of the air distribution chamber constitute a condensate storage tank.
  • the bottom of the air chamber is connected with a condensate discharge valve, and the side wall of the air chamber is provided with a manhole for a person to enter the air chamber.
  • a high-voltage insulating porcelain bottle is placed in the high-voltage box, and the high-voltage insulating porcelain bottle is connected with a conductive support, and the conductive support is placed above the honeycomb precipitation pole through the high-voltage chamber power transmission port.
  • a corona pole holder is connected above the conductive support, and a lower end of the corona pole holder is connected to the corona pole.
  • a pendant balance frame is connected below the corona pole, and a plurality of pendants are disposed under the pendant balance frame for balancing the corona pole.
  • the high voltage box body is externally equipped with a high voltage thyristor pulsed DC power source, and the DC high voltage line at one end of the DC power source is connected to the conductive support, and the control line at the other end is connected to the automatic control system.
  • the corona pole diameter is from 2.0 to 2.5 cm.
  • the material of the corona electrode is tungsten or stainless steel (304).
  • the upper end of the exhaust gas chamber is connected to a gas discharge port
  • the side wall of the gas discharge port is connected to the sampling port for sampling analysis
  • the upper end of the side wall of the gas discharge port is connected with a gas drainage ring for drainage discharge. gas.
  • the lower part of the high pressure box is provided with an anti-dew fan.
  • a rubber backing ring is secured to the electrically conductive support.
  • the corona pole positioning rod is provided with a hook, and the corona pole is disposed above and below with a corona pole loop, and the corona pole is connected to the corona pole through the corona pole
  • the hook and the pendant balance frame are described.
  • the beneficial effects of waste gas treatment are as follows: First, the aerosol materials in the pyrolysis waste are condensed with water vapor, tar, fly ash (heavy metal), exhaust gas, etc.; second, the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas (CO) Purification of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.
  • the domestic garbage pyrolysis exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device of the utility model completely changes the waste pyrolysis exhaust gas discharge mode, smokeless, no odor straight discharge (zero discharge), and conforms to Zhongyuan World Union Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Q/ZYSL ⁇ 0002-2016 "Control Standard for Low Temperature Pyrolysis Pollution of Domestic Waste”.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of one embodiment of a low temperature pyrolysis system for a domestic waste of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view, a right side view, and a plan view showing an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated processing apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of Figure 1 of one embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 of one embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1 of one embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1 of one embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Figure 2 of an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 2 of an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 2 of an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of Figure 2 of an embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view of another embodiment of the low temperature pyrolysis system of the domestic waste of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a front view, a right side view, and a plan view showing another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention in Fig. 11;
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of Figure 11 of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 11 of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 11 of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 11 of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Figure 12 of another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 12 of another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 12 of another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of Figure 12 of another embodiment of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention.
  • an I-solar heat source system a II-pyrolysis furnace; a III-exhaust gas integrated treatment device; and an IV-automatic control system.
  • the low-temperature pyrolysis system for domestic garbage is composed of an I-solar heat source system; a II-pyrolysis furnace; a III-exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device; and an IV-automatic control system.
  • the solar heat source system users can choose according to the actual situation.
  • FIGS. 7-10 and 17-20 are cross-sectional views of different cross sections of the exhaust gas integrated treatment device.
  • the lower end of the exhaust gas comprehensive treatment device is a gas distribution chamber 45, and the bottom end of the gas distribution chamber 45 is welded with the gas cylinder 51.
  • the waste gas after the garbage treatment enters the air distribution chamber 45 through the air outlet cylinder, and the upper end of the air outlet cylinder 51 is connected with the flow guiding liquid umbrella 50, and the liquid guiding liquid umbrella A part of the gas can be condensed and flowed along the flow guiding liquid umbrella.
  • the outer wall of the air outlet cylinder 51 and the inner wall of the air distribution chamber 45 form a condensate storage tank 28, and the condensate flows into the condensate storage tank for storage, and the bottom end of the air distribution chamber 45 is connected.
  • There is a condensate drain valve 29 for discharging the stored condensate out of the air chamber at the appropriate time.
  • the side wall of the air chamber 45 is provided with a manhole 49, which can be accessed by a person for inspection and maintenance of various components in the air chamber 45.
  • an exhaust gas treatment chamber that includes a honeycomb precipitation pole 36 and a corona pole 42.
  • the honeycomb precipitate electrode 36 is welded to the upper portion of the gas chamber 45.
  • the number of honeycomb precipitates is 19, the shape of the honeycomb precipitate is a regular hexagon, and the area of a single regular hexagon is 0.0382 m 2 .
  • a discharge plenum 38 is welded to the upper end of the honeycomb precipitation electrode 36, and a gas discharge port 41 is welded to the upper end of the discharge plenum 38, and the treated gas is discharged from the gas discharge port.
  • the side wall of the gas discharge port 41 is welded with a sampling port 39 for sampling and detecting the composition of the exhaust gas.
  • a gas drainage ring 40 is welded to the upper end of the side wall of the gas discharge port 41 to guide the discharge of the gas.
  • the honeycomb precipitation electrode 36 and the discharge gas chamber 38 are symmetrically welded to the high pressure (insulating porcelain) tank 31, and the high pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31 is equipped with a high pressure tank drain valve 30, and a high pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31.
  • the high-voltage insulating porcelain bottle 32 is placed, and the high-voltage insulating porcelain bottle 32 is connected to the conductive support 33.
  • the conductive support 33 is placed above the honeycomb precipitation pole 36 through the high-voltage chamber power transmission port 34, and the rubber liquid-repellent ring 35 is fixed on the conductive support 33.
  • a corona pole holder 37 is welded on the conductive support 33, a corona pole positioning rod 43 is welded at the lower end of the corona pole holder 37, and a hook hook on the corona pole positioning rod 43 is connected to the corona pole (upper and lower).
  • 46 is connected to the corona pole 42, the corona pole loop (lower) 46 is attached to the pendant 47, and the lower side is balanced by the pendant balance frame 47, and the corona pole is located at the center of the honeycomb sedimentation pole.
  • a low pressure (insulated porcelain) tank 31 is provided with an anti-damp fan 56 at the lower portion.
  • a high-voltage thyristor pulsed DC power supply 51 is disposed outside the high-voltage (insulating porcelain) tank 31 at one end, and the DC high-voltage line 52 at one end of the DC power source 51 is connected to the conductive support 33, and the control line at the other end is connected to the automatic control system IV.
  • the composition of domestic waste is very complicated.
  • Some secondary pollutants must be produced during the pyrolysis process, including some exhaust gases such as SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar, and some trace or ultra-trace pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
  • organic chlorine source such as PVC plastic, rubber, leather, etc. in the garbage;
  • Sulfur oxide is usually caused by oxidation of sulfur containing compounds waste combustion, most of the SO 2.
  • Sulfur oxides are generally used as a source of impurities such as paper in waste, kitchen waste in protein series, inorganic sulfur in the form of sulfate, and sulfur-containing rubber. It is generally believed that organic sulfur tends to be oxidized during pyrolysis, and various sulfates may be volatilized, decomposed, or even contained in ash at high temperatures depending on the specific reaction environment.
  • Nitrogen oxides mainly include NO, N 2 O, NO 2 and the like, wherein NO and NO 2 can cause pollution to the atmosphere.
  • Nitrogen oxide formed from organic nitrogen in solid waste food series of kitchen waste, nitrogen-containing urea, nitrogen-containing resin, etc.). It is usually produced at a temperature of 600 to 900 °C.
  • the tar component mainly includes three types of substances: one is an aliphatic compound such as a fatty acid; the other is an aromatic compound such as phenol, cresol, naphthalene, toluene, an alkyl derivative; and the third is a hydrocarbon oxygen-containing organic substance.
  • one is an aliphatic compound such as a fatty acid
  • the other is an aromatic compound such as phenol, cresol, naphthalene, toluene, an alkyl derivative
  • the third is a hydrocarbon oxygen-containing organic substance.
  • phenol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, anhydride, furan Such as phenol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, anhydride, furan.
  • heavy metals usually decisive factor as density, generally density (specific gravity) of the metal element is greater than 5mg / m 3 is defined as heavy metals.
  • Heavy metals generally refer to elements that are significantly toxic, such as lead, chromium, mercury, cadmium, and metalloids.
  • batteries such as Hg-Zn batteries and alkaline batteries
  • electrical appliances such as fluorescent tubes
  • Dioxins are actually a general term for two series of chlorotricyclic aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), collectively known as PCDD. /Fs.
  • PCDDs polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
  • PCDFs polychlorinated dibenzofurans
  • chlorine-containing polymer compounds such as polyvinyl chloride, chlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, etc., precursors of dioxins at a suitable temperature (300 ° C ⁇ 500 ° C) and in FeCl 3
  • a metal catalyst such as CuCl 2
  • O 2 and HCl reacts with O 2 and HCl to form dioxins by rearrangement, radical condensation, dechlorination and the like.
  • the main conditional factors are:
  • the pollutants discharged from the pyrolysis furnace outlet are aerosol-like substances that are fused together by water vapor, tar, fly ash (heavy metal), and flue gas.
  • the technical solution for the treatment of secondary pollutants in domestic waste pyrolysis selects the comprehensive treatment scheme of “combining electric tar trap technology with corona plasma air purification technology”.
  • the various states of matter can interact with each other.
  • Phase conversion The external supply of energy converts the solid into a liquid, which can be converted to a gas if the outside is further supplied with energy. If the gas is supplied with sufficient energy, as long as the kinetic energy of the electrons in each particle exceeds the ionization energy of the atom, the electron will become free electrons from the bond of the atom, and the atom becomes a positively charged ion due to the loss of electrons. This process is called ionization. When enough atoms in the gas are ionized, the ionized gas is less than the original gas and is converted into a new state of matter-plasma. It is another kind of aggregate state of matter, called the fourth state of matter, or the plasma state.
  • the basic principle of electric tar catcher and the technology of corona plasma for purifying sonic pyrolysis dust are a new pyrolysis dust purification technology.
  • the aerosols in the pyrolysis waste which are fused with water vapor, tar, fly ash (heavy metal), exhaust gas, etc., are effectively captured; the second is carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the exhaust gas. ), purification of nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like. Therefore, the purpose of the smokeless and odor-free direct discharge (zero discharge) of the domestic garbage pyrolysis furnace is achieved.
  • the electric tar catcher and the corona plasma have the common point of using a highly inhomogeneous high-voltage direct current electric field to form a corona discharge, which generates a plasma containing a large amount of electrons and positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field gradient, and particulate pollutants in the air. Inelastic collision occurs, so that it adheres to these particles, making it become charged particles, which are moved by the electric field and collected by the dust collecting pole, so that the particulate pollutants in the air can be effectively removed.
  • Corona discharge can generate non-equilibrium low temperature plasma in a certain space, which can be used to purify harmful gases in the air. Its catalytic purification mechanism includes two aspects:
  • the instantaneous high energy generated by high-frequency discharge opens the chemical bond of some harmful gas molecules to break it into single atoms or harmless molecules.
  • the plasma contains a large number of high-energy electrons, ions, excited-state particles and strong oxidizing free radicals.
  • the average energy of these active particles is about 5-20 eV, which is higher than the bond energy of general gas molecules. Harmful gas molecules collide frequently, opening the chemical bonds of gas molecules to form monoatomic molecules or harmless molecules. At the same time, a large amount of free radicals such as ⁇ OH, ⁇ HO 2 , ⁇ O, and extremely oxidizing ozone react chemically with harmful gas molecules to form harmless products.
  • the harmful gases generated during the pyrolysis of domestic garbage mainly include CO, NOx, SO 2 and HCl.
  • This scheme uses the catalytic purification mechanism of plasma to purify the harmful gases generated during the pyrolysis of waste.
  • Ozone is formed by a three-body collision reaction.
  • the amount of flue gas (water vapor) discharged from the pyrolysis furnace is 800-1000 m 3 /h; the flue gas flow rate is 0.5-0.75 m/s; the flue gas residence time is 5-10 s; and the flue gas inlet temperature is 60-80 ° C.
  • High-voltage power supply selection high-frequency power supply, pulse power supply, critical pulse (soft stable) power supply can be selected. A critical pulse (soft stable) power supply is preferred.
  • the electric tar catcher and the corona plasma purification exhaust device are compounded by two technologies, and the waste treatment applied to the low-temperature pyrolysis of domestic garbage is an innovation.
  • the electric tar catcher works by applying a high-voltage direct current between the metal wire and the metal pipe wall to maintain an electric field sufficient to ionize the gas, so that a corona zone is formed between the anode and the cathode.
  • positive ions are adsorbed on the negatively charged corona pole
  • negative ions are adsorbed on the positively charged precipitate pole
  • all the ionized positive and negative ions are filled with the entire space between the corona pole and the precipitation pole.
  • the principle of corona plasma purification of exhaust gas is to use high-voltage pulse corona discharge to ionize the gas, so that the exhaust gas particles are charged, and then move to the dust collecting plate under the action of electric field force, and the charged particles are in contact with the dust collecting plate. After losing the charge, it becomes neutral and deposits on the dust collecting plate to achieve the purpose of purifying the exhaust gas.
  • a large amount of high-energy electrons, ions, excited-state particles and strong oxidizing free radicals are generated when the gas is ionized.
  • the average energy of these active particles is higher than the bond energy of the gas molecules, and they frequently collide with harmful gas molecules to open.
  • the chemical bonds of gas molecules generate monoatomic molecules and harmless gas molecules, and a large number of free radicals such as ⁇ OH, ⁇ HO 2 , ⁇ O, and extremely oxidizing ozone react with harmful gas molecules to form harmless products.
  • corona discharge The commonality between the two technologies is that corona discharge.
  • the combination of the two technologies lies in the power source selected for corona discharge: "critical pulse soft power supply” or “pulse high voltage DC power supply”; select a suitable corona pole, first, the secondary electron emission coefficient ( ⁇ m) is required. Second, it requires reliable corrosion resistance and chemical and physical stability. Therefore, tungsten is most suitable as a corona pole ( ⁇ m 1.4) and stainless steel ( ⁇ m 1.24).
  • the exhaust gas passes through the air chamber and enters the space between the precipitation pole of the honeycomb and the corona pole. Under the action of the external electric field, the gas is ionized, so that the exhaust gas particles are charged, and then move to the honeycomb sediment pole under the action of the electric field force, and After the honeycomb precipitate contacts the pole, it loses its charge, becomes neutral and deposits on the honeycomb sedimentation pole, thereby purifying the exhaust gas. As the amount of adsorption increases, the adsorbed material can fall freely without cleaning the honeycomb precipitate.
  • the beneficial effects of waste gas treatment are as follows: First, the aerosol materials in the pyrolysis waste are condensed with water vapor, tar, fly ash (heavy metal), exhaust gas, etc.; second, the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas (CO) Purification of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.
  • Figures 3-6 and 13-16 are cross-sectional views of different sections of the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the outer wall 3 of the furnace is welded on the base 1 of the pyrolysis furnace, and a thermal insulation brick insulation layer 4 is placed on the inner side of the outer wall 3 of the furnace and above the base 1.
  • the heat storage material B 23 is placed on the horizontally disposed heat insulating layer, the heat storage base 25 is placed on the heat storage material B 23, and the heat storage material B 23 is placed in the base 25 to store the heat storage base 25 and the base 1
  • the peripheral heat transfer tube 22 and the central heat transfer tube 24 are welded and fixed, and the heat storage material C 26 is applied to the peripheral heat transfer tube 22 and the central heat transfer tube 24, and the cap is welded.
  • the furnace inner wall 14 is welded on the heat storage table body 25, and the furnace bottom door 2, the carbonization layer temperature transmitter 20, the carbonization layer temperature regulating valve 19, and the heat transfer coil 5 are installed between the furnace outer wall 3 and the furnace inner wall 14. Selected), pyrolysis layer temperature regulating valve 17, pyrolysis layer temperature transmitter 18, evaporation layer temperature transmitter 16, water collecting system discharge valve 8-4.
  • a heat accumulating material A is laid between the heat insulating layer 4 and the inner wall 14 of the furnace, and the prefabricated furnace roof is welded to the outer wall 3 of the furnace and the inner wall 14 of the furnace.
  • the inner wall 14 of the furnace is provided with a heat transfer hole 15 for the inner wall of the furnace.
  • the top of the furnace is equipped with a feeding port 7, a flow guiding ring 9, an ultrasonic level sensor 11 (optional), a gas chamber (water and gas layer) temperature transmitter 12, and a gas chamber (water and gas layer) temperature regulating valve 13,
  • the draft umbrella 10 is hoisted at the lower end of the drafting ring 9, the lower end of the guiding umbrella 10 is connected to the water collecting ring 8-1, the water collecting ring 8-1 is connected to the water guiding pipe 8-2, and the water guiding pipe 8-2 and the water storage tank 8 are connected. -3 connection, the water storage tank 8-3 is connected to the discharge valve 8-4.
  • pyrolysis furnace In the pyrolysis furnace, it is divided into ash layering, carbonized layer (semi-coke), pyrolysis layer (organic matter), evaporation layer (moisture), and water-gas layer (air chamber) from bottom to top.
  • the ash generated after the carbonization of the carbonized layer is semi-coke is ashed and cooled in the ash layer.
  • Semi-coke (waste carbon) is carbonized and exothermic in the carbonized layer, producing high-temperature flue gas and ash.
  • the heat energy released by carbonization is absorbed and stored by the energy storage material.
  • the heat absorbed by the pyrolysis of the domestic waste is provided by the exotherm of the carbonization layer and the energy storage material, and the heat release amount of the carbonized layer is greater than the heat added to the garbage. Desorbing heat, the pyrolysis reaction can proceed. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the carbonization temperature of the carbonized layer.
  • a temperature transmitter is installed in the carbonization layer, and the measured temperature is input into the microprocessor of the automatic control system with an analog quantity (0-24 mA) signal, and the temperature adjustment of the carbonization layer is controlled by the analog output signal of the microprocessor.
  • the state of the valve controls the temperature of the carbonized layer.
  • the temperature of the carbonized layer is controlled at 450 ° C to 500 ° C.
  • the endotherm continues.
  • the side chains such as methyl and ethyl in the organic molecules in the waste begin to break, respectively removing carbon and hydrogen to form methane, hydrogen and other hydrocarbons. Small molecule gas.
  • the main chain of the organic material from which the side chain is removed is broken, and many small molecular substances are formed.
  • the pyrolysis of waste is not strictly in a certain order, and many reactions are carried out in a cross.
  • the small molecules produced by pyrolysis are recombined into macromolecular organics through condensation reaction, and the organic matter of these macromolecules can be transformed into small organic molecules by cleavage, so the pyrolysis of waste is a very complicated physics and chemistry. process.
  • a temperature transmitter is installed in the carbonization layer, and the measured temperature is input into the microprocessor of the automatic control system by an analog quantity (0-24 mA) signal, and the temperature adjustment of the pyrolysis layer is controlled by the analog output signal of the microprocessor.
  • the state of the valve controls the temperature of the pyrolysis layer.
  • the temperature of the pyrolysis layer is controlled at 150 to 280 °C.
  • the temperature of the evaporation layer gradually rises after the heat is absorbed by the garbage, and reaches 100 ° C or higher.
  • the free water is volatilized, and then the dehydration reaction in the organic molecules occurs, such as the hydroxyl group breaks to form water.
  • the amount of water vapor is gradually reduced. After the moisture escapes, many voids are formed inside the garbage, which plays an important role in the heat and mass transfer.
  • the temperature of the evaporation layer is between 80 and 100 °C.
  • the carbonized layer radiates heat and the pyrolysis layer absorbs heat.
  • the moisture of the organic matter is evaporated in the evaporation layer.
  • the temperature of the water and gas layer is controlled at 60-80 ° C to ensure the exhaust gas treatment system. Best working conditions.
  • a temperature transmitter is installed in the water gas layer, and the measured temperature is input into the microprocessor of the automatic control system by an analog quantity (0-24 mA) signal, and the temperature of the water gas layer is controlled by the analog output signal of the microprocessor. Adjust the state of the valve to control the temperature of the water vapor layer.
  • the temperature of the water gas layer air chamber
  • the microprocessor of the automatic control system gives an audible and visual alarm prompt, which requires manual intervention. Possible reasons: After the garbage loses moisture, the voids increase, and the thermal stratum temperature is caused by the intrusion. At this time, it is necessary to add garbage to fill the void.
  • An ultrasonic level sensor may be installed in the water gas layer, and the measured level interface height is input into the microprocessor of the automatic control system by an analog quantity (0-24 mA) signal, and the critical height is set, and the sound and light alarm prompts, Add garbage to the furnace in time. You can also manually observe whether you need to add garbage from the loading port. In general, garbage is added when the height of the garbage in the furnace drops by 1/5 to 2/5.
  • the actual processing capacity decreases and the energy consumption increases.
  • the actual moisture content in the garbage is very high, and can reach more than 50%.
  • the moisture in the garbage not only reduces the calorific value of the gas, but also increases the calorie consumption of the garbage disposal.
  • the method of blending dry waste can be used for neutralization to reduce the moisture content of the waste.
  • the solar heating method (optional) can be adopted to increase the heat value of the evaporation layer and rapidly evaporate the moisture of the garbage, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the treatment process.
  • the pyrolysis of domestic garbage begins with the evaporation of water from the waste.
  • the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is discharged with water vapor.
  • a draft umbrella and a guide ring are installed at the exhaust port to block the fly ash particles in the smoke, but also prevent it.
  • the normal discharge of water vapor, part of the water vapor is blocked. Therefore, it is necessary to lay a water collecting system under the diversion umbrella, and the intercepted water vapor is collected and removed from the furnace body to prevent the moisture from returning to the furnace, thereby affecting the pyrolysis efficiency.
  • the shape of the pyrolysis furnace is not particularly limited, and for example, the cross section thereof may be a circle and a rectangle as illustrated herein, such as a double rectangle.
  • the solar concentrating disc or the vacuum collecting tube is used to collect the radiant heat of the sun, heat the heat transfer fluid (heat transfer oil) in the closed container, and the heat fluid pump (heat transfer oil pump) passes the heat transfer fluid to the furnace body.
  • the hot coil exchanges thermal energy with the heat storage material laid around the coil (storage temperature: 300 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C), the domestic garbage (organic matter) in the furnace absorbs heat, first volatilizes the free water, and then the organic matter molecules Dehydration reaction. As the garbage is continuously dried, the amount of water vapor is gradually reduced. After the water escapes, many voids are formed inside the garbage. At this time, the ignited paper dust can be used to ignite the dry waste of the bottom layer to complete the first start of the pyrolysis furnace. .
  • the automatic control system uses a microprocessor to solidify an arithmetic unit, a controller, an internal memory, a digital input module, a digital output module, an analog input module, and an analog output module included in a central processing unit (CPU) in an integrated circuit. On the board. Through the touch screen operation, the touch screen sets the configuration screen to visually see the health.
  • the operation modes are divided into: manual mode and automatic mode.
  • the pyrolysis furnace and exhaust gas integrated treatment device of the present invention may be of any suitable shape or configuration, and the shape of both may enable the exhaust gas integrated treatment device to be installed above the pyrolysis furnace. Additionally, the interior of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention may employ a configuration as shown in Figures 12-16, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number of compartments within the pyrolysis furnace may be any number that is suitable.
  • the domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system of the present invention may employ a manual or automatic operation mode, and the various components of the present invention (e.g., temperature adjustment devices) may also be manual or automatic, respectively, in the different modes of operation described above. Those skilled in the art will be able to select an appropriate mode of operation depending on the particular situation.
  • the various components of the present invention may be joined to one another in any manner known to those skilled in the art, such as welding, splicing, inlaying, etc., or combinations thereof.
  • the various components of the present invention may be one or more, which may be symmetrically distributed or randomly distributed, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the 600mm flue is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit through a flange.
  • the furnace body is divided into a water gas layer (air chamber), an evaporation layer, a pyrolysis layer, a carbonization layer, and an ash layer from top to bottom.
  • the water and gas layer is a gas chamber with a temperature of 60 to 80 °C.
  • Evaporation layer thickness 250mm ⁇ 300mm, temperature 80 ° C ⁇ 100 ° C;
  • Pyrolysis layer thickness 350mm ⁇ 400mm, temperature 150 ° C ⁇ 280 ° C;
  • Carbonized layer thickness 120mm ⁇ 150mm, temperature 450 ° C ⁇ 500 ° C.
  • the thermal insulation layer is made of lightweight thermal insulation brick, the thermal conductivity is 0.06 W/m ⁇ K (400 ° C), the bulk density is 0.8-1.0 g/cm 3 , and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is not less than 65 mm.
  • Outer steel plate 2 ⁇ 0.008m+Insulation layer 2 ⁇ 0.065m+Inner steel plate 2 ⁇ 0.008m+ Thermal storage jacket 2 ⁇ 0.05 m + inner diameter 1.8 m 2.062 m, and the value is 2.00 m.
  • the center of the bottom of the furnace is vertical, ⁇ 89 tube, the height is 250mm from the bottom of the furnace, the top is slightly higher than the initial position of the pyrolysis layer; the bottom is ⁇ 1500 round, the angle is 120°, the ⁇ 89 tube is 3, the height is 200mm from the bottom of the furnace.
  • the top end is placed at the pyrolysis starting position, and four oxygen venting tubes, that is, a peripheral heat transfer tube 22 and a central heat transfer tube 24 are disposed at the bottom of the furnace, and the pores of the tube wall are placed in the carbonized region.
  • thermocouple the horizontal direction of the furnace wall. Detecting the temperature of the semi-coke carbonization and pyrolysis state of the bottom of the furnace;
  • thermocouple the horizontal direction of the furnace wall. Detecting the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis layer in the furnace, which is set at a distance of 400 mm from the bottom of the furnace body;
  • thermocouple the horizontal direction of the furnace wall. Detecting the pyrolysis temperature of the evaporation layer in the furnace, which is set at 800 mm from the bottom of the furnace body;
  • Air chamber temperature measurement thermometer, the horizontal direction of the furnace wall. The temperature and temperature of the flue gas in the furnace chamber were measured and set at 1300 mm from the bottom of the furnace body.
  • the temperature inside the furnace can be balanced by exchanging thermal energy with the outside through a regulating valve. Brake control is realized by PLC.
  • the alarm prompts that the heat can be exchanged with the outside through the regulating valve to balance the temperature of the air chamber and ensure the working condition of the exhaust gas treatment system.
  • Brake control is realized by PLC.
  • the exhaust gas treatment capacity is 1500m 3 /h, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas through the honeycomb sedimentation pole is 0.5m/s.
  • the honeycomb electric field cross-sectional area is 0.83m 2 , the diameter is 210mm, and the number of honeycomb precipitation poles is 21. For the convenience of layout, the value is 19.
  • the inventor requested environmental quality of Tsinghua University
  • the testing center tested the air quality and persistent organic pollutants of the pyrolysis emissions of the present invention.
  • the air quality testing items include particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, mercury, cadmium, antimony-arsenic-lead-chromium-cobalt-copper-manganese-nickel, and each item is repeated three times.
  • the test is mainly based on the “fixed source exhaust gas monitoring technical specification HJ/T397-2007”.
  • the instruments used include 3012H soot (gas) sampler, AL104-IC electronic balance, DR5000 UV-visible spectrophotometer, XSERIES2 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. .
  • Persistent organic pollutants testing programs include dioxins (PCCD/Fs) and repeated tests three times.
  • the test is based on HJ77.2-2008 "Isotopic Dilution High Resolution Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Environmental Air and Exhaust Dioxins".
  • the equipment used includes: TECORA ISOSTACK BASIC/G4 for sampling, HRGC-HRMS, Agilent 6890N/Japan Electronics JMS-800D for instrumental analysis.
  • the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: hydrochloric acid treatment (washing the filter cartridge with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid and rinsing with pure water, then drying the filter cartridge; washing the liquid with liquid chromatography, extracting the extract with the lower extract), Extraction (filter cartridge and resin for more than 16h extraction), concentration and separation (combination of extracts, concentration, separation), purification (sulfuric acid treatment, multi-layer silica gel column purification and activated carbon silica gel column purification) and sample preparation (will be The sample components obtained after purification by activated carbon silica gel column were blown to high dryness with high-purity nitrogen gas and added to the internal standard of injection, and the volume was adjusted with decane to be determined).
  • the gas chromatographic conditions were as follows. Injection method: 1 ⁇ l without split injection (split valve opening time: 1.5 min); column: BPX-DXN (length 60 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m); inlet temperature: 300 °C; carrier gas pressure: 25.4 psi; temperature program: initial temperature 130 ° C, after 1 min, increase the temperature to 210 ° C at 15 ° C / min, stay 0 °, then increase the temperature to 310 ° C at 3 ° C / min, stay 0 min The temperature was raised to 320 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min and held for 10 min.
  • Mass spectrometry conditions were as follows, color interface temperature: 300 ° C; ion source temperature: 300 ° C; ionization current: 500 ⁇ A; electron bombardment ion source: 38 eV; acceleration voltage: 10 kV; mass standard material: PFK; mass spectrometry resolution: > 10000.
  • the measured values of the emissions of the low-temperature pyrolysis system of the domestic garbage of the utility model are shown in Table 1, wherein the average limit value in Table 1 is from Zhongyuan Shilian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Q/ZYSL ⁇ 0002 -2016 The pollutant discharge limit specified in the "Standards for Low Temperature Pyrolysis Pollution of Domestic Waste". According to Table 1, the measured values of the present invention fully meet the above criteria.

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux (III). Le dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux(III) comprend une chambre de distribution de gaz (45), une chambre de traitement d'effluents gazeux, un corps de réservoir haute pression (31) et une chambre d'évacuation de gaz (38). La chambre de traitement de gaz comprend une électrode de déposition en nid d'abeilles (36) et une électrode à effet couronne (42). La chambre de distribution de gaz (45) est disposée en bas du dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux (III) et est utilisée pour recevoir des effluents gazeux à traiter. L'électrode de déposition en nid d'abeilles (36) est disposée au-dessus de la chambre de distribution de gaz (45). L'électrode à effet couronne (42) est disposée au centre de l'électrode de déposition en nid d'abeilles (36). La chambre d'évacuation de gaz (38) est disposée au-dessus de l'électrode de déposition en nid d'abeilles (36). Le corps de réservoir haute pression (31) est disposé sur une surface latérale de l'électrode de déposition en nid d'abeilles (36). Le dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux (III) purifie la fumée et la poussière de déchets ménagers brûlés par pyrolyse, et permet à un four de combustion par pyrolyse de déchets domestiques d'effectuer une évacuation directe sans fumée et sans odeur.
PCT/CN2017/079997 2016-04-12 2017-04-11 Dispositif de traitement intégré d'effluents gazeux WO2017177881A1 (fr)

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CN114011577A (zh) * 2021-11-04 2022-02-08 喻梅 一种用于油雾净化器的分离清洗系统

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CN109206296A (zh) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-15 海加控股有限公司 低温等离子双电场辅助处理含甲烷气体合成化合物的方法
CN108380387A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-10 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 一种组合式电捕焦油器
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