WO2017176229A1 - Preparation of ionic fluid electrolytes comprising transition metal-nitrate salts - Google Patents

Preparation of ionic fluid electrolytes comprising transition metal-nitrate salts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017176229A1
WO2017176229A1 PCT/TR2017/050105 TR2017050105W WO2017176229A1 WO 2017176229 A1 WO2017176229 A1 WO 2017176229A1 TR 2017050105 W TR2017050105 W TR 2017050105W WO 2017176229 A1 WO2017176229 A1 WO 2017176229A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ionic fluid
fluid according
aluminium
zinc
nitrate
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PCT/TR2017/050105
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French (fr)
Inventor
Berker HUSAM
Elif HUSAM
Original Assignee
Itunova Teknoloji A. S.
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Publication date
Application filed by Itunova Teknoloji A. S. filed Critical Itunova Teknoloji A. S.
Priority to EP17721478.0A priority Critical patent/EP3440731A1/en
Publication of WO2017176229A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017176229A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/20—Semi-lead accumulators, i.e. accumulators in which only one electrode contains lead
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0022—Room temperature molten salts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention is related to the preparation of ionic fluids comprising zinc and alum inium nitrate.
  • Said ionic fluids are usable as electrolyte and may be implemented to the present battery technology and super capacitors.
  • the medium where the energy storage of battery and super capacitor technologies are made contains water or organic solvent ; or ionic fluid.
  • I onic fluids which have larger potential compared to organic solvents, increase energy density in battery and the super capacitor. I onic fluids have an opportunity to be used especially in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell ( DSSC) technology. Deep eutectic solvents which have become a rival to ionic fluids with their ability to reach high conductivity levels and be produced efficiently and in a cost-effective manner, are an attractive fluid technology.
  • I n this group involving the mixtures presented in the invention mixtures prepared with Zinc (Zn) and Aluminium (Al) chloride, which have been presented before, have given efficient results. Besides, m ixtures prepared with Zn(N0 3 ) 2 :cholinechloride reached the most efficient conductivity values.
  • Deep Eutectic Solvents present a solution close to the performance of ionic fluids with a relatively much easier production process. These solvents made up with the metallic salts used and hydrogen donors, however, show a conductivity a little lower than ionic fluids. Com monly, choline-chloride and urea have been used in these studies by mixing into metal salts.
  • US8518298A The invention of this patent document is related to eutectic mixtures containing multivalent metal ions. I n the invention , zinc nitrate is also used in the preparation of eutectic mixtures and this mixture is also of low temperature ionic fluids. Liana Anicai et al . : I n this document ; choline-chloride based ionic fluids are mentioned.
  • Nitrate salts of transition metals zinc (Zn) and aluminium (Al) are more viscose at room temperature since they have lower melting points compared to chlorine salts used in the previous studies. For this reason , zinc nitrate (Zn(N0 3 ) 2 ) : Choline-Chloride m ixture gives a higher conductivity value compared to other mixtures.
  • AI(N0 3 ) 3 aluminium nitrate (AI(N0 3 ) 3 ) salt used in this study for the first time, was found to be more successful compared to other solvents at the charge and high energy storage density points because of high load carrier complex aluminium ions it contains. For this reason , AI(N0 3 ) 3 :CholineChloride, AI( N0 3 ) 3 : Urea and AI(N0 3 ) 3 : EG is present among the m ixtures presented. These m ixtures give results double the conductivity value Zn(N0 3 ) 2 : CholineChloride mixture has given .
  • the abovementioned mixtures can be implemented to the present battery technology and super capacitors, since they do not contain toxic and combustive materials, they can be packed without requiring casing and therefore, can be used in flexible storage means. Also in solar battery usages, the abovementioned mixtures can be used. Hence, electricity as a result of photochemical effect can be obtained by application between the electrodes which will capture light. Due to their conductivity levels being high and they are prepared in an easy manner, by the specified mixture, it can allow the production of cost-effective and efficient solar batteries.
  • Zn(N0 3 ) 2 salt is mixed with particular proportions of ethylene glycol ( EG) .
  • Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for Zn(N0 3 ) 2 : EG.
  • conductivity level in the m ixture having 3 : 1 ratio at 20°C is 32 mS/cm .
  • I n the mixture having 1 :2 ratio, 37 mS/cm conductivity level is presented.
  • the mixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70-120°C for 70-1000 revolutions/ minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between 10 m inutes and 2 hours according to mixture proportions.
  • AI(N0 3 ) 3 salt is m ixed with particular proportions of choline-chloride, urea and/or ethylene glycol. With these m ixtures, conductivity levels up to 52 mS/cm have been reached.
  • Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for AI(N0 3 ) 3 : CholineChloride.
  • the m ixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70- 120 °C for 70- 1000 revolutions/minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten m inutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
  • the m ixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70- 120 °C for 70- 1000 revolutions/minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten m inutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
  • the mixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70-120°C for 70-1000 revolutions/ minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten minutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
  • Solution Purified Water volume ratios vary between 1 :20 and 6: 1 .
  • I t was observed that in the use of ionic fluids prepared in relation to the invention in storage devices where zinc and aluminium electrodes were used, it provided further increase in energy density.

Abstract

The invention is related to the preparation of ionic fluids comprising zinc and aluminium nitrate. Said ionic fluids are usable as electrolyte and may be implemented to the present battery technology and super capacitors.

Description

DESCRI PTI ON
PREPARATI ON OF I ONI C FLUI D ELECTROLYTES COMPRI SI NG TRANSI Tl ON M ETAL- NI TRATE SALTS Technical Field of The I nvent ion
The invention is related to the preparation of ionic fluids comprising zinc and alum inium nitrate. Said ionic fluids are usable as electrolyte and may be implemented to the present battery technology and super capacitors.
Background of The I nvent ion ( Prior Art)
The medium where the energy storage of battery and super capacitor technologies are made contains water or organic solvent ; or ionic fluid. I onic fluids, which have larger potential compared to organic solvents, increase energy density in battery and the super capacitor. I onic fluids have an opportunity to be used especially in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell ( DSSC) technology. Deep eutectic solvents which have become a rival to ionic fluids with their ability to reach high conductivity levels and be produced efficiently and in a cost-effective manner, are an attractive fluid technology. I n this group involving the mixtures presented in the invention , mixtures prepared with Zinc (Zn) and Aluminium (Al) chloride, which have been presented before, have given efficient results. Besides, m ixtures prepared with Zn(N03)2:cholinechloride reached the most efficient conductivity values.
Due to the chemicals they contain , their combustive and toxicity is an important issue of organic solvent based electrolytes. For example; lithium salts used in lithium ion batteries show combustive effect in case of contact with air. For this reason , their production costs are higher than some electrolytes since special attention and atmospheric conditions are required in their production. Other organic solvent based electrolytes can be dangerous in terms of the environment and human health since they contain acid and/or base components. Due to the problems referred above, the storage mediums where these electrolytes take place require outer casings. Also by the use of the materials required for the casing, total weight of these storage devices and hence, their production costs increase. Besides, it poses an obstacle to the production of storage devices in free form and/or flexible. This restricted condition was overcome through ionic fluids. The conductivity levels' being above 1 0mS/cm allowed the stored energy density to increase and be charged rapidly. Having low vapor pressures and not reacting easily, ensured them to be more resistant to external factors.
However; the fact that the production of ionic fluids comprises complicated steps and the expensiveness of the chem icals used prevented them to be used in practice. For example; the necessity of vacuum or inert atmosphere in the production step causes the output to be lower with respect to unit of time.
Deep Eutectic Solvents present a solution close to the performance of ionic fluids with a relatively much easier production process. These solvents made up with the metallic salts used and hydrogen donors, however, show a conductivity a little lower than ionic fluids. Com monly, choline-chloride and urea have been used in these studies by mixing into metal salts.
I n the following studies, these conductivity levels were enhanced with the m ixture of zinc nitrate (Zn(N03)2) salt : Choline-Chloride and reached 23mS/cm at room temperature. This value is able to compete with the present ionic fluids. Besides, it has an edge over ionic fluids since the chem icals used as input and the production process is more favourable. However, increasing this value further will provide for reaching efficient results in the implementation of the production of electricity with DSSC, in automotive, electronics and other areas in need of electrical energy storage.
The following documents were encountered when the inventions resembling said invention were investigated:
• WO0226701 A2: l n this patent document, the ionic compounds in liquid phase at low temperatures and their preparation are described. I n the preparation of said ionic fluids, urea or ethylene glycol is present. US2012082903A1 : l n this patent document, new ionic fluids for use in electrolytes, capacitors and electrochem ical devices such as lithium ion batteries is described.
US8518298A:The invention of this patent document is related to eutectic mixtures containing multivalent metal ions. I n the invention , zinc nitrate is also used in the preparation of eutectic mixtures and this mixture is also of low temperature ionic fluids. Liana Anicai et al . : I n this document ; choline-chloride based ionic fluids are mentioned.
Brief Description of the I nvention and I ts Objectives
Nitrate salts of transition metals zinc (Zn) and aluminium (Al) are more viscose at room temperature since they have lower melting points compared to chlorine salts used in the previous studies. For this reason , zinc nitrate (Zn(N03)2) : Choline-Chloride m ixture gives a higher conductivity value compared to other mixtures.
I n the subject invention , conductivity levels of mixtures where ethylene glycol was used instead of choline-chloride climbed up even higher. Besides, the preparation , cost and performance of Zn(N03)2: Etilen Glycol ( EG) mixture from ionic fluids which have been developed in the study relating to the invention gives a better result than Zn(N03)2:CholineChloride mixture.
I n addition to this, the aluminium nitrate (AI(N03)3) salt used in this study for the first time, was found to be more successful compared to other solvents at the charge and high energy storage density points because of high load carrier complex aluminium ions it contains. For this reason , AI(N03)3:CholineChloride, AI( N03)3: Urea and AI(N03)3: EG is present among the m ixtures presented. These m ixtures give results double the conductivity value Zn(N03)2: CholineChloride mixture has given .
While the abovementioned mixtures can be implemented to the present battery technology and super capacitors, since they do not contain toxic and combustive materials, they can be packed without requiring casing and therefore, can be used in flexible storage means. Also in solar battery usages, the abovementioned mixtures can be used. Hence, electricity as a result of photochemical effect can be obtained by application between the electrodes which will capture light. Due to their conductivity levels being high and they are prepared in an easy manner, by the specified mixture, it can allow the production of cost-effective and efficient solar batteries.
Brief Description of t he Draw ings Figure 1 : Conductivity Measurements.
Detailed Description of the I nvent ion
I n the invention , by mixing aluminium nitrate and zinc nitrate salts with choline chloride, urea or ethylene glycol, ionic fluids are obtained. Details regarding the preparation of m ixtures presented as divided into two groups are given below:
(A) Zn(N03)2 salt is mixed with particular proportions of ethylene glycol ( EG) . Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for Zn(N03)2: EG. For example, conductivity level in the m ixture having 3 : 1 ratio at 20°C is 32 mS/cm . I n the mixture having 1 :2 ratio, 37 mS/cm conductivity level is presented.
The mixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70-120°C for 70-1000 revolutions/ minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between 10 m inutes and 2 hours according to mixture proportions.
( B) AI(N03)3 salt is m ixed with particular proportions of choline-chloride, urea and/or ethylene glycol. With these m ixtures, conductivity levels up to 52 mS/cm have been reached.
1 ) Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for AI(N03)3: CholineChloride. The m ixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70- 120 °C for 70- 1000 revolutions/minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten m inutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
2) Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for AI(N03)3: Urea.
The m ixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70- 120 °C for 70- 1000 revolutions/minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten m inutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
3] Mole ratios vary between 4: 1 and 1 :5 for AI(N03)3: EG.
The mixture is prepared by stirring in the range of 70-120°C for 70-1000 revolutions/ minute. During the procedure, the effect of humidity should be avoided. The stirring is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained. This duration varies between ten minutes and two hours according to mixture proportions.
After the preparations of aforementioned eutectic solutions, for implementations requiring low vapor pressure and high conductivity, addition of purified water to the prepared solutions can be made. Solution : Purified Water volume ratios vary between 1 :20 and 6: 1 .
I t was observed that in the use of ionic fluids prepared in relation to the invention in storage devices where zinc and aluminium electrodes were used, it provided further increase in energy density.
Amongst which :
· Zinc/ Aluminium-Air batteries
• Zinc/ Aluminium-Lead batteries
• Zinc/ Aluminium-Carbon batteries
• Zinc/ Aluminium-Carbon Super capacitors
• Lead/ Lead and Carbon/ Lead batteries takes place.
These solutions can also be used in fluid solar batteries, aluminium coating. They are suitable for such potential applications, even if they would be heated via high electric current density, they do not decompose, since they have very low vapor pressure.

Claims

CLAI MS
1 . An ionic fluid composed of zinc nitrate and ethylene glycol mixture.
2. An ionic fluid according to claim 1 , characterized in that zinc nitrate: ethylene glycol mole ratios vary between 4: 1 to 1 : 5.
3. A method of preparing an ionic fluid according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises the operational step of stirring the mixture for 10 minutes to 2 hours in the range of 70-120°C for 70-1000 revolutions/m inute.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the mixing operation is continued until a colourless and viscose fluid is obtained.
5. An ionic fluid characterized in that it is composed of a mixture of alum inium nitrate and choline-chloride, urea or ethylene glycol.
6. An ionic fluid according to claim 5, characterized in that it is composed of aluminium nitrate and choline-chloride mixture.
7. An ionic fluid according to claim 6, characterized in that aluminium nitrate:choline- chloride mole ratios vary between 4: 1 to 1 : 5.
8. An ionic fluid according to claim 5, characterized in that it is composed of aluminium nitrate and urea m ixture.
9. An ionic fluid according to claim 8, characterized in that alum inium n itrate: urea mole ratios vary between 4: 1 to 1 :5.
1 0. An ionic fluid according to claim 5, characterized in that it is composed of aluminium nitrate and ethylene glycol mixture.
1 1 . An ionic fluid according to claim 1 0, characterized in that aluminium nitrate: ethylene glycol mole ratios vary between 4: 1 to 1 : 5.
1 2. A method of preparing an ionic fluid according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises the operational step of stirring the mixture for 10 m inutes to 2 hours in the range of 70-120 °C for 70-1 000 revolutions/minute.
1 3. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in solar battery technology sensitized with dye.
1 4. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in zinc/aluminium air batteries.
1 5. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in zinc/aluminium lead batteries.
1 6. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in zinc/aluminium-carbon batteries.
7. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in zinc/alu minium carbon super capacitors.
8. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in lead/lead and carbon/lead batteries.9. Use of an ionic fluid according to claim 1 or 5 in Zinc and Aluminium coating applications.
PCT/TR2017/050105 2016-04-08 2017-03-21 Preparation of ionic fluid electrolytes comprising transition metal-nitrate salts WO2017176229A1 (en)

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TR2016/04557 2016-04-08
TR201604557 2016-04-08

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US20220293940A1 (en) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-15 National Tsing Hua University Rechargeable transition metal battery

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