WO2017176173A1 - Oscillation exciter - Google Patents

Oscillation exciter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017176173A1
WO2017176173A1 PCT/RU2017/050024 RU2017050024W WO2017176173A1 WO 2017176173 A1 WO2017176173 A1 WO 2017176173A1 RU 2017050024 W RU2017050024 W RU 2017050024W WO 2017176173 A1 WO2017176173 A1 WO 2017176173A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working
mass
housing
solenoids
working mass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2017/050024
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2017176173A4 (en
Inventor
Vasilii Alexandrovich BOGOMOLOV
Original Assignee
LITOV, Gennadij Valentinovich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2016113319A external-priority patent/RU2664353C2/en
Priority claimed from RU2017103689A external-priority patent/RU2017103689A/en
Application filed by LITOV, Gennadij Valentinovich filed Critical LITOV, Gennadij Valentinovich
Publication of WO2017176173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017176173A1/en
Publication of WO2017176173A4 publication Critical patent/WO2017176173A4/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/12—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving reciprocating masses
    • B06B1/14—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving reciprocating masses the masses being elastically coupled

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to vibratory devices used for grinding various types of solid and soft materials in different media, for example dry, liquid or gaseous media, and mixing soft and liquid materials in a liquid or gaseous medium, and pumping a fluid over pipelines, and processing, rolling, piercing, forging and cutting different materials, and tunnel boring, building trenches, excavations and channels by compaction or compression of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • the present invention relates to an oscillation exciter and various embodiments thereof, and also to a method of oscillation exciting by using the oscillation exciter.
  • a vibratory crusher (SU15637A1, B02C1/02, 15.05.1990), comprising: a housing; a working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one elastic element; a solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof; an additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one additional elastic element; an additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof; and a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids.
  • One of disadvantages of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is a possible failure thereof due to overheating that may occur due to sharply attenuation of working masses oscillation which contact fed substance that occurs after feeding a substance to the working zone of such crusher so that in order to maintain operating capacity of such crusher it is necessary to increase the capacity of solenoids being used continuously that results in significant increase of energy costs.
  • an objective technical problem to be solved in the prior art is to provide an oscillation exciter overcoming at least the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known vibratory crusher.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved oscillation exciter which allows solving at least the above-identified technical problem.
  • an oscillation exciter comprising a housing; at least one working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one elastic element; at least one solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof; at least one additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one additional elastic element; at least one additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof; and a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids.
  • control circuit of the disclosed oscillation exciter is adapted to produce and deliver to said solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of the solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter provides a technical effect which is increased operating efficiency of the oscillation exciter, in particular due to the oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency, thereby resulting in that the most energy of impulse forces applied by the solenoids to the working masses is consumed specifically for the operation, i.e. for action on the substance to be processed, rather for internal heat losses. Furthermore, operating efficiency of the oscillation exciter is further increased due to usage of the elastic elements in the oscillation exciter according to the present invention not only as a support for mounting the working masses thereon in the exciter housing, but also for providing a high level of potential energy as a result of applying force by the solenoids to the working masses which form oscillating mass-elastic systems together with the elastic elements.
  • the oscillation exciter further comprises a working zone formed in the housing between the working masses and adapted to feed a substance thereto, wherein the working masses are configured to act on a substance in the working zone.
  • This embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter also provides a technical effect which is increased efficiency of action on the substance and increased productivity of the oscillation exciter, particularly due to the fact that the working zone where the working masses act on the substance is substantially limited to the dimensions of the housing of said exciter, so that there is no need in transportation of the working masses to act on the substance in this working zone or an another zone differing from the working zone.
  • this embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter provides an additional technical effect which is increases operational safety of said exciter, particularly due to the fact that the substance being acted does not go beyond the housing of said exciter during action of the working masses on the substance in the working zone.
  • This embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter also provides a technical effect which is improved reliability and life span of the working masses and the oscillation exciter generally due to, particularly, minimized impact of the environment, particularly, moisture, on the working masses and the substance being acted that is fed to the working zone.
  • this embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter provides an additional technical effect which is reduced noise impact of the oscillation exciter on the environment and people located in a close proximity to such oscillation exciter, particularly due to the fact that the working masses act on the substance being acted within the housing of the oscillation exciter, namely within the working zone formed in the oscillation exciter.
  • the working masses of the oscillation exciter may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
  • each of the working masses of the oscillation exciter may have a predetermined natural frequency.
  • the working masses of the oscillation exciter may have the same natural frequency.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre -determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is less than the natural period of the working masses.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre -determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that impulse excitation frequency of the solenoids is equal to the natural frequency of the working masses.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is two times less than the natural period of the working masses.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is three, four, five and more times less than the natural period of the working masses.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is a whole number of times less than the natural frequency of the working masses.
  • control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the solenoids simultaneously apply the forces to the working masses.
  • resonating of the working mass and additional working mass in the oscillation exciter may be achieved at a certain duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids, the duration being associated with the natural period of the mass-elastic system operating at a load, i.e. when feeding the substance to the working zone.
  • a power of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids of the oscillation exciter is calculated as a function of a design weight of the substance fed to the working zone, wherein the substance weight corresponds to attenuation of the mass-elastic system during one oscillation period thereof, while the impulse power is consumed to compensate for the attenuation of the mass-elastic system during one oscillation period thereof.
  • the mass-elastic system will perform non-harmonic periodic oscillation at the natural frequency that corresponds to "near-resonance frequency", wherein a principal harmonic oscillation or a tone, as well as one of non-principal harmonic oscillations or an overtone, will be excited dependent on the duration of the impulse excitation. Feeding of the design mass substance to the working zone will lead to attenuation of the oscillation process in the "idle mode", wherein the attenuation sequence in the mass-elastic system occurs on a staggered basis from the poor one to the strong one, i.e. from the overtone to the tone.
  • the mass-elastic system performs harmonic oscillations, wherein the principal harmonic oscillation or a tone and one of non-principal harmonic oscillations or an overtone are excited dependent on the duration of the impulse excitation.
  • the attenuation of the mass-elastic system occurs within the overtone, wherein overtone disappears (attenuated almost completely) among two harmonics (tone and overtone) as being the poorest one, while the tone remains unchanged upon transition from one oscillation period to the subsequent oscillation period, i.e. attenuation of the tone does not occur.
  • a number of the elastic elements used for mounting the working mass thereon is equal to a number of elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon, wherein the number of elastic elements is two or more.
  • the elastic elements used for mounting the working masses thereon are substantially identical to the elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon.
  • the working masses in the oscillation exciter and corresponding elastic elements of the working masses may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
  • each of the solenoids of the oscillation exciter may be mounted in a corresponding sealed cavity of the housing.
  • At least one elastic element and at least one additional elastic element each may be formed as an elastic ring.
  • the elastic rings in the oscillation exciter may be rigidly fastened on a corresponding working mass and rigidly secured to the inside of the housing wall.
  • each two adjacent elastic rings in the oscillation exciter may be separated from each other by a spacer.
  • a method of exciting oscillations comprises feeding the substance to the working zone of the oscillation exciter according to one of the above-described embodiments, wherein the housing of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention is provided with the working zone, and producing and delivering, by means of the control circuit, to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of the solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of these working masses at a resonance frequency under action of said working masses on the fed substance.
  • the disclosed method also allows solving the above-identified objective problem.
  • the disclosed method of exciting oscillations also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the above-described embodiments of the oscillation exciter.
  • the housing of the oscillation exciter may be provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed the substance serving as a material to be processed to the working zone through said inlet, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone cause processing of the material to be processed, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to discharge the processed material from the working zone through said outlet.
  • This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a processing device for processing a material, particularly for grinding solid and soft materials of various types in dry and liquid or gaseous media, as well as for rolling and forging various materials.
  • the housing of the oscillation exciter may be provided with at least inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed said substance to the working zone through said inlet, wherein at least one material to be mixed serves as the substance, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone cause mixing of the material or materials to be mixed, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to discharge the mixed material or a mixture of materials from the working zone through said outlet.
  • This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a mixing device for mixing soft and liquid materials in a liquid or gaseous medium.
  • At least one inlet provided with an intake valve, and at least one outlet provided with an exhaust valve may be made in the housing of the oscillation exciter, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed the substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone through said inlet, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone causes increase and decrease in the alternate pressure in the working zone, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to open and close said valves to feed said substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone under the decreased pressure therein through said inlet, and to discharge the liquid medium from the working zone under the increased pressure therein through said outlet.
  • This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a pumping device for pumping a liquid medium over pipelines.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of this working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, wherein the weight of at least one additional working mass is greater than that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of the solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass.
  • the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally increases operation efficiency of the oscillation exciter due to balancing vibrations and oscillations of structural assemblies and components of this oscillation exciter (in other words, the disclosed oscillation exciter is a balanced system) and, particularly, of the housing of the oscillation exciter to which vibration is transmitted from the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter, thereby resulting in reduced noise and vibrational action of the oscillation exciter on the environment.
  • the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is increased reliability and life span of the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter, particularly, working mass thereof, due to balanced vibrations and oscillations of said structural assemblies and components, as well as due to absence of necessity in a rectilinear reciprocate transportation of the working mass of the oscillation exciter for vibratory action on the substances to be processed. Furthermore, the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is increased operation stability of the oscillation exciter due to balanced vibrations and oscillations of structural assemblies and components in the disclosed oscillation exciter.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, and at least one additional solenoid is integrated into at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one additional working mass is greater than that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention. Furthermore, the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is an increased life span of the solenoids due to incorporation of the solenoids into the working mass and additional working mass, respectively, so that impact interaction between lifters and stators of the solenoids and, correspondingly, destruction or failure thereof are prevented in case of high power of the solenoids, as well as there is no need to use further control means to limit the power of these solenoids.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the outer portion of said at least one working mass, at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, as well as the additional technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the outer portion of the additional working mass provides an additional technical effect which is increased efficiency of processing a material to be processed by using such exciter due to an increased total contact area defined by the outer portions of these working masses and, consequently, an increased processing area with materials to be processed, the processing area being enveloped by the outer portions of said working masses, wherein in order to improve a processing degree of the material to be processed or follow-up processing of the material to be processed having insufficient processing degree there is no need in transportation of the exciter itself or in re-using it in the same processing area.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing
  • at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the outer portion of said at least one working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass
  • the control circuit is adapted to control operation of solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, as well as the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing
  • at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the exciter housing and the outer portion of said at least one working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass
  • the control circuit is adapted to control operation of solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention also provides the above- mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, and the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • the further technical effect provided by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention is achieved due to the fact that the outer portion of the additional working mass partially envelops the outer portion of the working mass and the portion of the housing of the exciter itself.
  • the outer portion of the additional working mass provides a further technical effect which is prevented hanging of such exciter during usage of the exciter for processing material in the processing area due to increased processing degree of the material coming to the area located close to the housing of such exciter including material that comes thereto as a result of processing thereof by the outer portion of the working mass and/or a portion of the outer portion of the additional working mass that envelops said outer portion of the working mass.
  • At least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing
  • at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass
  • at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the housing of the exciter and the outer portion of said at least one working mass
  • at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass
  • the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
  • the disclosed oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, the further technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the second and third aspects of the present invention, as well as the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 schematically shows propagation of a sound-wave in a working member of the oscillation exciter shown in Fig. 3 when the solenoid is switched on and switched off.
  • Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of a material grinder according to the present invention intended to grind various types of materials.
  • Fig. 15 shows a diagram illustrating dynamic and energy states of the material grinder of Fig. 14 in the "idle mode” state, as well as in the "working mode” state.
  • Fig. 16 shows a graph illustrating vibrowave processes in mass-elastic systems of the material grinder operating in the "idle mode” and "working mode".
  • Fig. 17 schematically shows an embodiment of the working member of the material grinder of Fig. 14.
  • Fig. 18 shows an embodiment of the material grinder according to the present invention for grinding various types of materials in a liquid medium.
  • Fig. 19 shows a part of an embodiment of a pumping device according to the present invention for pumping a liquid medium.
  • Fig. 20 shows an embodiment of a device according to the present invention for rolling and forging a plastic material.
  • Fig. 21 shows an embodiment of a mixing device according to the present invention for mixing materials.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter 10 according to the first aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and the like in a dry medium, as well as for tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
  • solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and the like in a dry medium, as well as for tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
  • the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 17 made of a rigid material and divided by a partition 15 into two cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2.
  • the housing 17 of the exciter 10 comprises an elongated working member 11.2 and an elongated balancer 11.1 both arranged on a common central axis 18 running between short sides of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 11.2 and balancer 11.1 are realized to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 18 of symmetry.
  • a mass center of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 is on the central axis 18, in the middle between the short sides of the housing 17 of the exciter.
  • the partition 15 in the housing 17 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 18.
  • the working member 11.2 is mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 such that the housing is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 17.
  • the balancer 11.1 is mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 such that the balancer is completely located in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17. Therefore, the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1 are mounted in the different cavities of the housing 17 of the exciter 10 on opposite sides with respect to the partition 15.
  • the partition 15 in the housing 17 of the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may sealably seal the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2 of the housing 17 with respect to each other.
  • the outer portion of the working member 11.2 is generally rhomb-shaped in a vertical section made along the central axis 18 and applies mechanical excitation to a material which the outer portion comes in contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 10 is activated.
  • the outer portion of the working member 11.2 has a certain contact area and substantially defines dimensions of the processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
  • the working mass of the balancer 11.1 mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 is required for the working mass of the balancer 11.1 mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 to be greater than the working mass of the working member 11.2.
  • the acting portion of the working member 11.2 contacts the material to be processed, the mass of said material joins to the working mass of the working member 11.2, thereby resulting in substantial achievement of the working mass of the balancer 11.1. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is requited the balancer 11.1 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig.
  • the joined mass is calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of a working surface of the outer portion of the working member 11.2, the working surface coming into contact with the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 10.
  • the balancer 11.1 of the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be adapted to adjust the mass of the balancer 11.1 by mounting one or more weighting elements on the exciter and/or at the exciter and to dismount such weighting elements, thereby allowing change of position of the mass center of the balancer 11.1.
  • each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 are realized as a single structural part, wherein all pieces of the structural part are integral with each other.
  • the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be comprised of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters.
  • the mass center of the working member 11.2 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 it is required for the mass center of the working member 11.2 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, i.e. it is required to arrange them at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter.
  • the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 11.2 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 are predetermined during assembling the oscillation exciter 10, for example, experimentally by using means known in the prior art, wherein required locations of said mass centres are defined, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of corresponding structures, by adding weighting elements, by forming recesses and openings, and/or the like.
  • Each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 are provided with elastic elements used for mounting the balancer and the working member thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter 10, respectively, and realized as elastic rings made of spring steel.
  • the balancer 11.1 is provided with six elastic rings 14.1, wherein the elastic rings 14.1, 14.2 are made identical (i.e., it means that they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
  • the elastic rings 14.1 are rigidly fastened on the balancer 11.1, and the elastic rings 14.2 are rigidly fastened on the working member 11.2 such that each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 are fixedly positioned in the corresponding cavity 16.1, 16.2 of the housing 17, wherein the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 cause oscillation of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, when an external force is applied to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • Each two adjacent elastic rings of six elastic rings 14.1 or six elastic rings 14.2 are separated from each other by steel spacers (not shown), so that the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 are equally spaced from each other along the length of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • each of the elastic rings 14.1 located in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 and each of the elastic rings 14.2 located in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 are also rigidly secured to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated wall of the housing 17 at the inner side of the wall.
  • Each of the elastic rings 14.1 used for mounting the balancer 11.1 thereon is symmetrically arranged with respect to one of the elastic rings 14.2 used for mounting the working member thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic rings are equally spaced from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter. Therefore, in the oscillation exciter shown in Fig.
  • the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2, the second elastic ring 14.1 and the second elastic ring 14.2, the third elastic ring 14.1 and the third elastic ring 14.2, the fourth elastic ring 14.1 and the fourth elastic ring 14.2, the fifth elastic ring 14.1 and the fifth elastic ring 14.2, and the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, wherein the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2 are the closest ones to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, while the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 are the farthermost ones from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter.
  • the center of action of equivalent forces in an elastic system formed by the elastic rings 14.1 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 coincide with each other and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter
  • the center of action of equivalent forces of another elastic system formed by the elastic rings 14.2 and the mass center of the working member 11.2 coincide with each other and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter.
  • the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be mounted on any equal even or uneven number of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2, respectively.
  • the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may comprise two or more balancers 11.1 and the same number of the working members 11.2, so that the oscillation exciter may comprise two, three, four, five, etc. pairs where each pair is comprised of the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1 corresponding thereto.
  • the number of the elastic rings 14.1 used for mounting each of the balancers 11.1 thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter is equal to the number of the elastic rings 14.2 used for mounting each of the working members 11.2 thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter.
  • the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be tightly seated on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be sealably arranged on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be welded to a corresponding one of portions of the outer side of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be integrated with the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
  • each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be sealably secured to a corresponding one of portions of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter at the inner side of the wall.
  • each of the elastic rings 14.11 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be integrated with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter.
  • each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be provided with the two elastic rings 14.1 and the two elastic rings 14.2 which are rigidly fastened on the balancer 11.1 and on the working member 11.2, respectively, tightly seat on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, or sealably arranged on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, such that the elastic rings 14.1 are arranged along the central axis 18 at a predetermined distance with respect to each other, and the elastic rings 14.2 are arranged along the central axis 18 at a predetermined distance with respect to each other.
  • each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 may be tightly pressed in the corresponding cavity of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter to the inside of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17, so that each elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.1 is sealably separated from another adjacent elastic ring of the elastic rings, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween; each elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.2 is sealably separated from another adjacent elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.2, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween.
  • the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed at the outer side, particularly at the outer side of the elongated wall of the housing 17, by using external steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this oscillation exciter, while these rods or ropes remain affected by the tension.
  • the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed by using internal steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this oscillation exciter.
  • adjoining surfaces of the structural components in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed by using "self-braking wedges", thereby providing hermeticity and integrity of the whole structure of this oscillation exciter.
  • the working member 11.2 in combination with the elastic rings 14.2 rigidly fixed thereon and the balancer 11.1 in combination with the elastic rings 14.1 rigidly fixed thereon represent two separate identical mass-elastic systems (i.e., it means that they have identical configuration and parameters) symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis 18 and to the mass center of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter and having different values of natural frequency predetermined by means of known devices used in the art for determining natural frequency known. It should be noted that an increase in the weight of the balancer 11.1 and/or the working member (11.2) will cause reduction of the natural frequency of the corresponding mass-elastic system.
  • the first elastic ring 14.1 the worst distal ring from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the balancer 11.1, said end being the closest one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter;
  • the first elastic ring 14.2 the worst distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the working member 11.2, said end being the closest one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter;
  • the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2 delimit a particular part of the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2, respectively, to form corresponding separate cavities 19.1, 19.2.
  • the cavity 19.1 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by the partition 15, the first elastic ring 14.1 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter that directly adjoins to the partition 15 and the first elastic ring 14.1, while the cavity 19.2 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by the partition 15, the first elastic ring 14.2 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, said portion directly adjoining to the partition 15 and the first elastic ring 14.2.
  • the sixth elastic ring 14.1 the most distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the balancer 11.1, said end being the distal one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter;
  • the sixth elastic ring 14.2 the most distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the working member 11.2, said end being the distal one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter;
  • the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 also delimit a particular part of the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2, respectively, to forming corresponding separate cavities 19.3, 19.4.
  • the cavity 19.3 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by one of short walls of the housing 17 of the exciter, the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter that directly adjoins to said short wall and the sixth elastic ring 14.1, while the cavity 19.4 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by another short wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, the sixth elastic ring 14.2 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, said portion directly adjoining to said another short wall and the sixth elastic ring 14.2.
  • a vacuum may be created in the hermetical cavities 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1.
  • Identical solenoids 13.1, 13.2 are also mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1, wherein the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are fastened on opposite sides of the partition 15 such that the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are arranged on the common central axis 18 symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, the solenoid 13.1 is located in the cavity 19.1 of the housing 17, and the solenoid 16.2 is located in the cavity 19.2 of the housing 17.
  • the solenoid 13.2 comprises a actuator (not shown), a stator (not shown) attached to the actuator, and a lifter 12.2 connected to the stator by means of elastic elements realized in the form of tension-compression springs and configured to interact with the working member 11.2, wherein a movable solenoid plunger is attached to the lifter 12.2 and preliminary inserted into the solenoid at a predetermined gap.
  • the solenoid 13.2 has a structure identical to the above- described structure of the solenoid 13.1 and configured to interact with the balancer 11.1 by means of the lifter 12.1.
  • each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 may comprise an actuator, a stator attached to the solenoid, and a lifter inserted into the solenoid such that a predetermined gap is formed in order to provide free oscillations and connected to the balancer 11.1 or the working member 13.2, respectively.
  • the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 When the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are activated, they periodically apply a force to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 by means of impulse excitation applied by the lifter 12.1 and the lifter 12.2 to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, to cause oscillation thereof.
  • the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may comprise two solenoids 13.1 or another even number of the solenoids 13.1 and two solenoids 13.2 or another even number of the solenoids 13.2, wherein each of the solenoids 13.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 13.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at an equal distance from the central axis 18 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 18).
  • the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 also comprises a control circuit (not shown) connected to each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2.
  • the control circuit (not shown) used in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 comprises a power supply connected to an industrial frequency current power supply and a voltage regulator utilized to automatically maintain a given electric current intensity in a loop of the control circuit when the load intensity in the supply line is changed, and one of known current rectification circuits configured, for example, in the form of a one -half-period diode bridge to provide one- half-period rectification of the regulated alternating electrical current being a sinusoidal harmonic signal (i.e. a harmonic signal changing amplitude and polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner) having positive and negative half periods (positive and negative half -waves).
  • a sinusoidal harmonic signal i.e. a harmonic signal changing amplitude and polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner
  • positive and negative half periods positive and negative half -waves
  • the one- half-period diode bridge of the control circuit of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 "cuts off the negative half-wave of the input sinusoidal signal. Furthermore, the control circuit also comprises a contact breaker which provides breaking of the rectified current to obtain given current impulses having the required frequency and duration parameters.
  • the above-described control circuit produces and delivers the above-mentioned impulses having a certain frequency to both solenoids 13.1, 13.2 to control operation thereof such that they operate in-phase and, therefore, substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively; wherein the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.1 to the balancer 11.1 is less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.2 to the working member 11.2.
  • two or more solenoids 13.1 and two or more solenoids 13.2 may be arranged in the cavity 19.1 and the cavity 19.2 of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig.
  • each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 is configured to apply a force to the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1, respectively, with a periodicity controlled by the above-described control circuit connected to all of the solenoids 13.1 and the solenoids 13.2.
  • the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may comprise two or more working members 11.2, two or more balancers 11.1, and two or more solenoids 13.1 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of the balancers 11.1, and two or more solenoids 13.2 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of the working members 11.2, wherein said solenoids 13.1 and said solenoids 13.2 are fastened on the partition and arranged symmetrically with respect to the partition.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 is configured generally symmetrical with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, there are no unbalanced vibrations and oscillations in structural assemblies and components of the exciter, as well as on the housing of the oscillation exciter 10 to which the vibrations and oscillations are transmitted from the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter 10 (i.e.
  • the oscillation exciter 10 is a balanced system), thereby increasing operation efficiency and reliability of the oscillation exciter 10, as well as a life span of the structural components of the oscillation exciter 10, particularly the working member 11.2 thereof, and generally the entire oscillation exciter 10, and providing operation stability of the oscillation exciter 10, and increasing operational safety of the oscillation exciter for people and environment.
  • the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 To use the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, it is required for the oscillation exciter 10 to be connected to the power supply line, so that the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency and a duration to the solenoids 13.1, 13.2, thereby initiating a magnetic field in a coil of the corresponding solenoid, the magnetic field interacting with a movable solenoid plunger to create a tractive force retracting the movable plunger into the solenoid. Retraction of the movable plunger into the solenoid pulls the lifter 12.2 to the stator and, thus, causes deformation of the tension-compression springs.
  • the tension- compression springs push the lifter 12.2 back from the stator which, therefore, periodically applies a force to the working member 11.2 of the oscillation exciter 10.
  • the solenoid 13.1 operates similarly to the solenoid 13.2. Therefore, the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 controlled by the control circuit apply the periodic impulse excitation to the balancer 13.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, by means of the lifters 12.1, 12.2 substantially in simultaneous manner.
  • the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 and the control circuit are defined such that they apply the impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, substantially in simultaneous manner, wherein the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.1 to the balancer 11.1 is less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.2 to the working member 11.2.
  • the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 cause oscillation of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1, wherein in the "idle mode" where the outer portion of the working member 11.2 is not yet contacted with the material to be processed, the balancer 11.1 will oscillate at a natural frequency which corresponds to the "resonance frequency” and equals to a forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.1, and the working member 11.2 will oscillate at a natural frequency which corresponds to a "near- resonance frequency” and exceeds the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.2, while the balancer 11.1 will have less oscillation amplitude as compared to the working member 11.2.
  • an excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode” over the natural frequency in the "idle mode” is determined depending on the mass of the processable material enclosed in the volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of the working surface of the outer portion of the working member 11.2, the working surface contacting the processable material in the processing area, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 10.
  • the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 will be reduced from the “near-resonance frequency” up to “resonance frequency” as the processing area is filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and finally the natural frequency will achieve the "resonance frequency” (i.e. the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.2 in the oscillation exciter 10) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the material to be processed.
  • the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 achieves the "resonance frequency”
  • the oscillation amplitude of this working member 11.2 will be inconsiderably reduced substantially up to the oscillation amplitude of the balancer 11.1.
  • the force potential of the working member 11.2 should provide maximal pressure surges which exceed manifold threshold values of elastic stresses of the material to be processed such that the growth rate of pressure of the working member 11.2 onto the material to be processed would exceed manifold the elastic reaction growth rate of this material to be processed, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the material to be processed, when the working member 11.2 stops prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1, the processable material in the processing area may be converted into a liquid or even a gas.
  • the entire processable material entering the processing area will constantly move, so that adjacent objects forming this material will interact with each other. Therefore, material located in the processing area is grinded not only due to direct action of the working member 11.2 thereon, but also as a result of forcing objects forming the processable material into each other, their friction against each other and/or their mutual collision with each other.
  • the material to be processed may come beyond the processing area providing forcing thereof into the material located beyond the processing area, so that tunnels, excavations and trenches may be created by compressing soil and formation on the bottom and at the periphery of a corresponding construction, rather than by dredging and transportation of soil and formation.
  • oscillation of the working member 11.2 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 with the above-described "resonance frequency” will create a powerful pressure and exhaust surges in the processing area due to action of a positive pressure applied by the working member 11.2, thereby providing high concentration of a crushing energy in the processing area and, thus, high-efficient processing of the material (for example, milling, grinding, and etc.) located in this processing area with simultaneous consumption of a relatively small amount of energy to provide operation of the oscillation exciter 10 according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 comprises a housing 27 enclosing a working member 21.2 partially arranged in a cavity 26.2 and provided with elastic rings 24.2, a balancer 21.1 arranged in a cavity 26.1 and provided with elastic rings 24.1, a solenoid 23.1 with a lifter 22.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 21.1, and a solenoid 23.2 with a lifter 22.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 21.2; wherein the housing 27 is further provided with a partition 25, and the cavity 26.1 of the housing 27 comprises cavities 29.1, 29.3, and the cavity 26.2 of the housing 27 comprises cavities 29.2, 29.4; the solenoids 23.1, 23.2, the working member 21.2 and an additional working member 21.1 are arranged on a central axis 28 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 differs from the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 in that in the solenoid 23.2 of the oscillation exciter 20 periodically applying a force to the working member 21.2 for oscillation thereof is mounted in the cavity 29.3 of the housing 27 such that the solenoid 23.2 applies a force to the end of the balancer 21.1, the end being distal from the mass center of the housing 27 of the exciter or from the partition 25, wherein the solenoid 23.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 21.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 23.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 21.2 and the mass center of the balancer 21.1, respectively.
  • the control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 controls the solenoid 23.1 and the solenoid 23.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 21.1 and the working member 21.2, respectively. Meanwhile, it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 23.1 to the balancer 21.1 to be less than the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 23.2 to the working member 21.2.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 comprises a housing 37 enclosing a working member 31.2 partially arranged in a cavity 36.2 and provided with elastic rings 34.2, a balancer 31.1 located in a cavity 36.1 and provided with elastic rings 34.1, a solenoid 33.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 31.1, and a solenoid 33.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 31.2, wherein the housing 27 is further provided with a partition 35, the cavity
  • 36.1 of the housing 37 of the exciter comprises cavities 39.1, 39.3, and the cavity 36.2 of the housing 27 of the exciter comprises cavities 39.2, 39.4; the solenoids 33.1, 33.2, the working member 31.2 and an additional working member 31.1 are arranged on a central axis 38 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter according to the third embodiment of the present invention differs from the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 in that in the oscillation exciter 30 the solenoid 33.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 31.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 33.1 periodically applying a force to the balancer 31.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.1, respectively.
  • the solenoids 33.1, 33.2 are realized in the form of an electromagnet arranged within a closed-loop stator, i.e. a lifter and a gap are not used in the structure of each of these solenoids 33.1, 33.2, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • the solenoid 33.2 and the solenoid 33.1 are fastened within the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.1 which are made of a ferromagnetic material such that the solenoid 33.2 is arranged at an end of the working member 31.2, the end being close to the mass center of the housing 37 of the exciter, and the solenoid 33.1 is arranged at an end of the balancer 31.1, the end being close to the mass center of the housing 37 of the exciter, wherein the solenoid 33.2 and the solenoid 33.1 are arranged at the common central axis 38 symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 37 or the partition 35 in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3.
  • the control circuit in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency to both of the solenoids 33.1,
  • impulse operation nature of the solenoids 33.2, 33.1 in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 will cause creation of internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 33.1 and the balancer 33.2, respectively, thereby providing swinging or oscillation thereof.
  • Application centers of resultant magnetic force of the solenoid 33.2 and of the solenoid 33.1 will be located at the equal maximal distance from the mass center and elastic force center of the working member 31.2 and the mass center and elastic force center of the balancer, respectively, wherein said maximal distance will provide maximal efficiency of oscillation buildup of the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.3 since almost all ferromagnetic mass thereof will be driven in a single direction, namely towards the center of the corresponding magnetic force application.
  • the outer portion of the working member 31.2, the portion being contacted with the material to be processed, may be further provided with saw-like elements.
  • the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 may comprise two solenoids 33.1 or another even number of the solenoids 33.1 integrated into the balancer 31.1, and two solenoids 33.2 or another even number of the solenoids 33.2 integrated into the working member 31.2, wherein each of the solenoids 33.1 if arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 33.2, wherein said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the central axis 38 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 38).
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 comprises a housing 47 enclosing a working member 41.2 partially arranged in a cavity 46.2 and provided with elastic rings 44.2, a balancer 41.1 arranged in a cavity 46.1 and provided with elastic rings 44.1, a solenoid 43.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 41.1, and a solenoid 43.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 41.2; wherein the housing 47 is further provided with a partition 45, and the cavity 46.1 of the housing 47 of the exciter comprises cavities 49.1, 49.3, and the cavity 46.2 of the housing 47 of the exciter comprises cavities 49.2, 49.4; the solenoids 43.1, 43.2, the working member 41.2 and the balancer 41.1 are arranged on the central axis 48 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 in that the solenoid 43.1 periodically applying a force to the balancer 41.1 for oscillation thereof is integrated into a portion of the balancer 41.1, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing 47 of the exciter or from the partition 45, wherein the solenoid 43.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 41.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 43.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 41.2 and the mass center of the balancer 41.1, respectively.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, but has the differences therefrom as described below.
  • the oscillation exciter 50 shown in Fig. 5 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 57 divided by a partition 55 into two cylindrical cavities 56.1, 56.2.
  • the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 comprises an elongated working member 51.2 and an elongated additional working member 51.1 both arranged on a common central axis 58 of symmetry running between the short sides of the cylindrical housing 57 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 51.2 and additional working member 51.1 are realized to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry.
  • a mass center of the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 is located on the central axis 58 of symmetry in the middle between the short sides of the housing 57 of the exciter, and the partition 55 in the housing 57 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry.
  • the working member 51.2 is mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 such that the working member 51.2 is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 and the cylindrical cavity 56.2, and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 57.
  • the working member 51.2 is formed by assembling two structural parts, wherein said structural parts of the working member 51.2 may be assembled, for example, by inserting one of these structural parts into another structural part to have them securely fastened as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 may be formed of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters.
  • the outer portion of the working member 51.2 is generally rhomb-shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 58 and applies mechanical excitation to the material with which the outer portion comes into contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 50 is activated.
  • the additional working member 51.1 is mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 such that the additional working member is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 56.2 of the housing 57, wherein the additional working member 51.1 partially envelops a portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.2 of the housing 57, and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 57, and partially envelopes the outer portion of the working member 51.2.
  • the additional working member 51.1 is comprised of a single structural part, and all pieces of the structural part are integral with each other. Therefore, as shown in Fig.
  • the additional working member 51.1 is provided with a through hole having a shape suitable for inserting the working member 51.2 thereinto such that the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1, the outer portion extending through the outer portion of the working member 51.2, partially projects outwardly beyond the outer portion of the working member 51.2, thereby forming an acting portion of the oscillation exciter 50, the acting portion being generally rhomb-shaped in a vertical section made along the central axis 58 and being configured to mechanically act on the processable material for processing thereof.
  • the outer portion of the working member 51.2 extends through the two cavities 56.1 and 56.2 in the housing 57, while the portion of the additional working member 51.1 extends only though the cavity 56.2 in the housing 57, wherein the outer portion of the additional working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 that partially envelops the outer portion of the additional working member substantially define dimensions of the processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
  • the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 have substantially the same contact area where they come into contact the material to be processed.
  • the working mass of the additional working member 51.1 mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 should be equal to the working mass of the working member 51.2; when the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 of the oscillation exciter 50 come into contact with the material to be processed, the mass of said material joins to the initial working mass of the working member 51.2 and the working mass of the additional working member 51.1, thereby resulting in an increased working mass of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 and, thus, a reduced natural frequency of the corresponding mass-elastic system. Therefore, in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig.
  • the initial working mass of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 is required for the initial working mass of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 to be defined with due consideration of the mass of the material to be joined, the joined mass being calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of working surfaces of the outer portions of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.2 both contacting the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 50.
  • the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, i.e. they should be arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter.
  • the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 where the portion of the working member 51.2 is located are predetermined during the process of assembling the oscillation exciter 50, for example, experimentally by using means known in the prior art, wherein their required locations are defined, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of their structures, adding weighting elements, forming recesses and openings, as well as using construction materials having various relative densities (i.e. by combining light and hard assemblies and items with each other), and the like.
  • Each of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 in the exciter 50 of Fig. 5 are provided with elastic elements used for mounting the members thereon in the housing 57 of the exciter and realized in the form of elastic rings made of spring steel.
  • the additional working member 51.1 is provided with seven elastic rings 54.1
  • the working member 51.2 is also provided with seven elastic rings 54.2, wherein these elastic rings 54.1, 54.2 are made identical (i.e., they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
  • the elastic rings 54.1 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the additional working member 51.1, the portion being located in the cavity 56.2, while the elastic rings 54.2 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.1, so that the additional working member 51.1 is fixed in the cavity 56.2 of the housing 57 of the exciter, and the working member 51.2 is fixed in the cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 of the exciter.
  • the elastic rings 54.1 cause oscillation of the working member 51.2 when an external force is applied to the working member 51.2
  • the elastic rings 54.2 cause oscillation of the additional working member 51.1 when an external force is applied to the additional working member 51.1.
  • Each of the elastic rings 54.1 used for mounting the working member 51.2 thereon and the corresponding one of the elastic rings 54.2 used for mounting the additional working member 51.1 thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter.
  • the center of action of equivalent forces of one elastic system formed by the elastic rings 54.1 and the mass center of the working member 51.2, the centers coinciding with each other, as well as the center of action of equivalent forces of another elastic system formed by the elastic rings 54.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1, the centers coinciding with each other, are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter.
  • the elastic system comprised of the elastic rings
  • the elastic rings 54.1 and the elastic system comprised of the elastic rings 54.2 have configurations which are similar to the configurations of the corresponding elastic systems of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, so that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding elastic rings of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 as well as the above-described possible additional embodiments of such elastic rings are applicable for the elastic rings 54.1, 54.2.
  • the elastic rings 54.1 and the elastic rings 54.2 in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 divide the housing 57 of the exciter into the cavities 59.1, 59.3 and 59.4.
  • two solenoids 53.2 are integrated into the additional working member 51.1, wherein the solenoids 53.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry, and each of the solenoids 53.3 periodically applies a force to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 51.1 for oscillation thereof;
  • two solenoids 53.1 are integrated into the working member 51.2, wherein the solenoids 53.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry, and each of the solenoids 53.1 periodically applies a force to the corresponding portion of the working member
  • each of the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 used in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 are made identical to the solenoid 33.1 and the solenoid 33.1 used in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3, respectively.
  • the solenoids 53.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 51.2 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 of the exciter and being distal from the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, while the solenoids 53.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 51.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the additional working member 51.1, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, wherein the solenoid 53.2 and the solenoid 53.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2, respectively.
  • the control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 controls the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 such that the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.1 to the working member 51.2 to be also less than the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.2 to the additional working member 51.1.
  • one solenoid 53.1 may be integrated into the working member 51.2, and one solenoid 53.2 may be integrated into the additional working member 51.1; it is required for the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 to be arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1, respectively.
  • the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the central line 58 of symmetry or arranged on the central line 58 of symmetry.
  • the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 may comprise four solenoids 53.1 or another even number of the solenoids 53.1 integrated into the working member 51.2, and four solenoids 53.2 or another even number of the solenoids 53.2 integrated into the additional working member 51.1, wherein each of the solenoids 53.1 is arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 53.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 58 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58).
  • the control circuit (not shown) used in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 operates similarly to the above-described control circuit used in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 with the exception that a different network current rectification circuit is used to drive the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 in the oscillation exciter 50.
  • the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 it is required to connect the oscillation exciter 50 to the power supply line, so that the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter controls the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 such that they operate out of phase and apply successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively; the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.1 to the working member 51.2 is equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.2 to the additional working member 51.1 to create internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1.
  • the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 swings the working member 51.2 and the additional working member
  • the working member 51.2 will oscillate at a natural frequency corresponding to the "near-resonance frequency” and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 53.1
  • the additional working member 51.1 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near- resonance frequency” and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid
  • the mass of this material joins to the working mass of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively, wherein the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 51.1 will be reduced from the "near- resonance frequency” up to the "resonance frequency” as the processing area if filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and then will achieve the "resonance frequency” (i.e.
  • the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 53.1 and the solenoid 53.2 in the oscillation exciter 50) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the material to be processed. Meanwhile, when the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 51.1 achieve the "resonance frequency", their oscillation amplitudes will be inconsiderably reduced, wherein the oscillation amplitude of the working member 51.2 will be substantially equal to the oscillation amplitude of the additional working member 51.1. In order to provide stable operation of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig.
  • the force potential of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1 should provide maximal pressure surges exceeding by many times threshold values of elastic stresses of the processable material such that the growth rate of pressure of the working member 51.2 or the additional working member 51.1 onto the processable material would exceed by many times the elastic reaction growth rate of this processable material, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the processable material, when the working member 51.2 stops or the additional working member 51.1 stops prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, the processable material may be converted in the processing area into a liquid or even a gas.
  • a portion of the processable material may then enter the processing area of the additional working member 51.1, thereby increasing a processing degree of such material and, therefore, operation efficiency of the oscillation exciter.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 comprises a housing 67 enclosing a working member 61.2 partially arranged in cavities 66.1 and 66.2 and a portion of the working member 61.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 66.1 and provided with elastic rings 64.1, and an additional working member 61.1 partially arranged in the cavity 66.2 and provided with elastic rings 64.2, and two solenoids 63.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 61.2, and two solenoids 63.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 61.1;
  • the housing 67 is further provided with a partition 65, and the cavity 66.1 of the housing 67 of the exciter comprises cavities 69.2, 69.4, wherein the solenoids 63.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 68 of symmetry, and the solenoids 63.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 68 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 60 the solenoids 63.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 61.2 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the working member 61.2, the portion being located in the cavity 69.1 close to the mass center of the housing 67 of the exciter or close to the partition 65; the solenoids 63.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 61.1 for oscillation thereof and the corresponding solenoids 63.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 67 of the exciter.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 70 shown in Fig. 7 comprises a housing 77 enclosing a working member 71.2 partially arranged in cavities 76.1 and 76.2 and a portion of working member 71.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 76.1 and provided with elastic rings 74.1, and an additional working member 71.1 partially arranged in the cavity 76.2 and provided with elastic rings 74.2, and two solenoids 73.1 each having a lifter 72.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the working member 71.2, and two solenoids 73.2 each having a lifter 72.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 71.1;
  • the housing 77 is further provided with a partition 75, and the cavity 76.1 of the housing 77 of the exciter comprises cavities 79.1, 79.3, wherein the solenoids 73.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78 of symmetry, and the solenoids 73.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 70 the solenoids 73.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 71.1 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 79.2 of the housing 77 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the additional working member 71.1, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 77 of the exciter or close to the partition 75, and the solenoids 73.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 71.2 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 79.1 of the housing 77 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the working member 71.2, the portion being located in the cavity 76.1 close to the mass center of the housing 77 of the exciter or close to the partition 75; the solenoids 73.2 and the corresponding solenoids 73.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 77
  • the control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 controls the solenoids 73.1 and the solenoids 73.2 such that they operate in -phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 71.2 and the additional working member 71.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 73.1 to the working member 71.2 to be equal to that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 73.2 to the additional working member 71.1.
  • the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 may comprise four solenoids 73.1 or another even number of the solenoids 73.1 and four solenoids 73.2 or another even number of the solenoids 73.2, wherein each of the solenoids 73.1 is arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 73.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 78 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78).
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 comprises a housing 87 enclosing a working member 81.2 partially arranged in cavities 86.1 and 86.2 and a portion of the working member 81.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 86.1 and provided with elastic rings 84.1, and an additional working member 81.1 partially arranged in the cavity 86.2 and provided with elastic rings 84.2, and two solenoids 83.1 each having a lifter 82.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the working member 81.2, and two solenoids 83.2 each having a lifter 82.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 81.1;
  • the housing 87 is further provided with a partition 85, and the cavity 86.1 of the housing 87 of the exciter comprises cavities 89.2, 89.4, wherein the solenoids 83.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 88 of symmetry, and the solenoids 83.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 88 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 80 the solenoids 83.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 81.2 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 89.3 of the housing 87 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the working member 81.2, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing 87 of the exciter or distal from the partition 85; the solenoids 83.2 and the corresponding solenoids 83.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the additional working member 83.1 and the working member 83.2.
  • the solenoid 8 controls the solenoid 83.1 and the solenoid 83.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 81.2 and the additional working member 81.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 83.1 to the working member 81.2 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 83.2 to the additional working member 81.1.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, but has some differences as described below.
  • the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 97 divided by a partition 95 into two cylindrical cavities 96.1, 96.2.
  • the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 comprises an elongated working member 91.2 and an elongated additional working member 91.1 both arranged on a common central axis 98 of symmetry extending between the short sides of the cylindrical housing 97 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 91.2 and additional working member 91.1 are configured to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 98 of symmetry.
  • a mass center of the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 is located on the central axis 98 of symmetry in the middle between the short sides of the housing 97 of the exciter, and the partition 95 in the housing 97 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting with the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 98 of symmetry.
  • the working member 91.2 is mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 such that the housing is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 96.2 of the housing 97 and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 97.
  • the working member 91.2 is comprised of a single structural part, wherein all parts of the structural part are integral with each other as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the inner portion of the working member 91.2 is located in the cavity 96.2 and shaped as an elongated cylinder, and the outer portion of the working member 91.2 is generally rhomb- shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 98 and applies mechanical excitation to the material witch which the outer portion comes into contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 90 is activated, wherein the outer portion of the working member 91.2 has a certain contact area.
  • the additional working member 91.1 is mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 such that the additional working member is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 96.1 of the housing 97 of the exciter and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 97 of the exciter, and partially envelopes the housing 97 of the exciter on the outer side thereof as well as partially envelopes the outer portion of the working member 91.2, wherein the inner portion of the additional working member 91.1 is generally shaped as an elongated cylinder.
  • the additional working member 91.1 is formed by rigidly securing two structural parts together, for example, by welding as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 has a certain contact area.
  • the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 may be comprised of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters.
  • the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 substantially define dimensions of the common processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
  • the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 have the same contact area. It is requited that the working mass of the additional working member 91.1 mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig.
  • the initial working mass of the additional working member 91.1 and the initial working mass of the working member 91.2 prefferably be defined with consideration of the mass of the material to be joined, the joined mass being calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of working surfaces of the outer portions of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.2 which contact the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 90.
  • the mass center of the working member 91.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 91.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter, i.e. it is required to arrange them at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter.
  • the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 91.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 91.1 are predetermined during the process of assembling the oscillation exciter 90, for example, experimentally by using means known in the art, and their required locations are achieved, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of their structures, adding weighting elements, forming recesses and openings, and using construction materials having various relative densities (i.e. by combining light and hard assemblies and items with each other), and the like.
  • Each of the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2 in the exciter 90 of Fig. 9 is provided with elastic elements used for mounting thereon in the housing 97 of the exciter and realized in the form of elastic rings made of spring steel.
  • the additional working member 91.1 is provided with six elastic rings 94.1
  • the working member 91.2 is also provided with six elastic rings 94.2, wherein these elastic rings 94.1, 94.2 are made identical (i.e., they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
  • the elastic rings 94.1 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the additional working member 91.1, the portion being located in the cavity 96.1, while the elastic rings 94.2 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the working member 91.2, the portion being located in the cavity 96.2, such that the additional working member 91.1 is fixed in the cavity 96.1 of the housing 97 of the exciter, while the working member 91.2 is fixed in the cavity 96.2 of the housing 97 of the exciter; the elastic rings 94.1 cause oscillation of the additional working member 91.1 when an external force is applied to the additional working member 91.1, while the elastic rings 94.2 cause oscillation of the working member 91.2 when an external force is applied to the working member 91.2.
  • Each of the elastic rings 94.1 used for mounting the additional working member 91.1 thereon and the corresponding one of the elastic rings 94.2 used for mounting the working member 91.2 thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter.
  • the elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.1 and the elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.2 have configurations similar to the configurations of the corresponding elastic systems of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, so that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding elastic rings of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and the above-described possible additional embodiments of such elastic rings are applicable to the elastic rings 94.1, 94.2.
  • the elastic rings 94.1 and the elastic rings 94.2 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 divide the housing 97 of the exciter into the cavities 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, and 99.4.
  • the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 comprises the solenoid 93.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 91.1 for oscillation thereof and mounted in the cavity
  • the solenoid 93.1 and the solenoid 93.2 has configurations identical to the configurations of the corresponding solenoids of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 such that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding solenoids of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and the above-described possible additional embodiments of the such solenoids are applicable to the solenoids 93.1, 93.2.
  • the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 may comprise two solenoids 93.1 or another even number of the solenoids 93.1 and two solenoids 93.2 or another even number of the solenoids 93.2, wherein each of the solenoids 93.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 93.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 98 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 98).
  • the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter controls the solenoids 93.1, 93.2 such that they operate in-phase applying substantially simultaneous periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.1 to the additional working member 91.1 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.2 to the working member 91.2, thereby causing oscillation of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9.
  • the working member 91.2 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near- resonance frequency” and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.2
  • the additional working member 91.1 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near-resonance frequency” and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.1, wherein the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 will have substantially equal oscillation frequency.
  • excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode” over the natural frequency in the "idle mode” is determined depending on the mass of the processable material enclosed in the volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of the working surface of the outer portion of the corresponding working member, the working surface contacting the processable material in the processing area, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9.
  • the mass of this material joins to the working mass of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1, wherein the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 will be reduced from the "near-resonance frequency" up to "resonance frequency” as the processing area is filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and then will achieve the "resonance frequency” (i.e.
  • the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 91.1 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.2 and the solenoid 93.1, respectively, in the oscillation exciter 90) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the processable material. Meanwhile, when the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 91.1 achieve the "resonance frequency", their oscillation amplitudes will be inconsiderably reduced, wherein the oscillation amplitude of the working member 91.2 will be substantially equal to the oscillation amplitude of the additional working member 91.1.
  • the processable material may be converted in the processing area into a liquid or even a gas. It should be also noted that a portion of the processable material, the portion entering the processing area of the working member 91.2, may further enter the processing area of the additional working member 91.1, thereby increasing a processing degree of such material and, correspondingly, increasing operation efficiency of such oscillation exciter.
  • the housing 97 of the exciter is partially enveloped by the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 on the outer side of the housing improves sinking ability of such oscillation exciter 90 when using it for boring or performing sinking operations, since a portion of the processable material coming out of the processing area defined by the outer portion of the working member 91.2 is further processed in the processing area defined by the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 as a result of action of the outer portion of the working member 91.2 on the material or a result of mutual interaction of the objects in the processable material, thereby preventing hanging of the housing 97 of the exciter when it is used for the above-mentioned purpose and, in addition, improving processing degree of the processable material.
  • Fig. 10 shows further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 100 shown in Fig. 10 comprises a housing 107 enclosing a working member 101.2 partially arranged in a cavity 106.2 and provided with elastic rings 104.2, and an additional working member 101.1 partially arranged in a cavity 106.1 and provided with elastic rings 104.1, and a solenoid 103.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 101.1, and a solenoid 103.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 101.2, wherein the housing 107 is further provided with a partition 105, and the cavity 106.1 of the housing 107 of the exciter comprises cavities 109.2, 109.4; the solenoids 103.1, 103.2, the working member 101.2 and the additional working member 101.1 are arranged on the central axis 108 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 in that, in the oscillation exciter 100, the solenoid 103.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member
  • the control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10 controls the solenoid 103.1 and the solenoid 103.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 101.1 and the working member 101.2, respectively; it is requited for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 103.1 to the additional working member 101.1 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 103.2 to the working member 101.2.
  • Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
  • solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
  • the oscillation exciter 110 shown in Fig. 11 comprises a housing 117 enclosing a working member 111.2 partially arranged in a cavity 116.2 and provided with elastic rings 114.2, and an additional working member 111.1 partially arranged in a cavity 116.1 and provided with elastic rings 114.1, and a solenoid 113.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 111.1, and a solenoid 113.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 111.2, wherein the housing 117 is further provided with a partition 115, the cavity 116.1 of the housing 117 of the exciter comprises cavities 119.2, 119.4; the solenoids 113.1, 113.2, and the working member 111.2 and the additional working member 111.1 are arranged on the central axis 118 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, but has some differences therefrom and some features as described below.
  • the solenoid 113.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 111.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 113.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 111.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 111.2 and the additional working member 111.1, respectively; the solenoid 113.2 and the solenoid 113.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 117 of the exciter or of the partition 115.
  • the solenoid 11 controls the solenoid 113.1 and the solenoid 113.2 such that they operate in-phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 111.1 and the working member 111.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 113.1 to the additional working member 111.1 to be also equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 113.2 to the working member 111.2.
  • the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 may comprise two solenoids 113.1 or another even number of the solenoids 113.1 integrated into the additional working member 111.1 and two solenoids 113.2 or another even number of the solenoids 113.2 integrated into the working member 111.2, wherein each of the solenoids 113.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 113.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 118 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 118).
  • Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
  • the oscillation exciter 120 shown in Fig. 12 comprises a housing 127 enclosing a working member 121.2 partially arranged in a cavity 126.2 and provided with elastic rings 124.2, and an additional working member 121.1 partially arranged in a cavity 126.1 and provided with elastic rings 124.1, and a solenoid 123.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 121.1, and a solenoid 123.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 121.2, wherein the housing 127 is further provided with a partition 125, the cavity 126.1 of the housing 127 of the exciter comprises cavities 129.2, 129.4; the solenoids 123.1, 123.2, the working member 121.2 and the additional working member 121.1 are arranged on the central axis 128 of symmetry.
  • the structure of the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10, but has some differences therefrom and some features as described below.
  • the solenoid 123.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 121.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 123.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 121.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 121.2 and the additional working member 121.1, respectively; the solenoid 123.2 and the solenoid 123.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 121.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 121.1.
  • the solenoid 12 controls the solenoid 123.1 and the solenoid 123.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 121.1 and the working member 121.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 123.1 to the additional working member 121.1 to be also equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 123.2 to the working member 121.2.
  • the oscillation exciter comprises a housing, and one or more working members oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of one or more elastic elements, and one or more solenoids mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said working members to oscillate the working members, and one or more additional working members oscillatably mounted in the housing on one or more elastic elements, and one or more additional solenoids mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said additional working members to oscillate the additional working members, and a working zone formed in the housing between said working members such that the working zone is capable of feeding a substance thereto; wherein said working members are configured to act on said substance in the working zone.
  • the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention performs work on constrained mechanical transportation of masses of materials of various types in the closed working zone and it may be used to create a processing device for processing a material (for example, for grinding material of in a dry or liquid medium, rolling plastic materials, forging plastic materials or the like), a mixing device for mixing materials, as well as to create a pumping device for pumping a liquid medium or a liquid material.
  • a processing device for processing a material for example, for grinding material of in a dry or liquid medium, rolling plastic materials, forging plastic materials or the like
  • a mixing device for mixing materials
  • a pumping device for pumping a liquid medium or a liquid material.
  • Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of the material grinder according to the present invention to grind or mill crisp materials, particularly, earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and the like in a dry medium.
  • the material grinder of fig. 14 comprises a cylindrical housing 1 made of a rigid material and having a cylindrical cavity.
  • the housing 1 is provided with an inlet 2 configured to feed a material 4 to be grinded therethrough into the housing 1 of the grinder and an outlet 3 configured to discharge the grinded material 5 therethrough from the housing 1 of the grinder, wherein the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 are respectively made in the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 such that these openings are arranged opposite to each other on the common central axis 131, wherein the inlet 2 diameter is greater than the outlet 3 diameter.
  • each of the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 made in the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is controllably openable and closeable, thereby providing a hermetical sealing.
  • a working member 133.1 adapted to comprise an acting portion 6.1 and a working member 133.2 adapted to comprise an acting portion 6.2 are mounted in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1, wherein each of the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 is equally trapezoid -shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 131.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 are made substantially identical (it means that they have identical structure and identical parameters) and mounted in the cavity of the housing 1 such that identical acting portions 6.1, 6.2 thereof are faced to each other and arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis 131, thereby forming the working zone 7 therebetween, the working zone 7 being used for grinding the grindable material 4 therein. Therefore, the acting portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the acting portion 6.2 of the working member 133.2 are arranged in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the working zone 7 along the length of the elongated housing 1.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinder may be arranged on sides opposite to the working zone 7 non- symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and to the working zone 7.
  • the working zone 7 is arranged with respect to the inlet 2 such that the grindable material 4 fed to the housing 1 through the inlet 2 enters the working zone 7 under gravity, wherein the fed grindable material 4 is grinded by mechanical action of the acting portion 6.1 thereon from one side and mechanical action of the acting portion 6.2 thereon from another opposite side.
  • the working zone 7 is also arranged with respect to the outlet 3 such that the grinded material 5 comes from the working zone 7 under gravity to the outlet 3.
  • the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 are oriented with respect to the central axis 131 such that the working zone 7 narrows down along the axis 131 from the inlet 2 towards the outlet 3 when viewed from the vertical section made along the central line 131, wherein the material which achieved the required grinding degree, i.e. the grinded material 5, is discharged from the narrowest portion of the working zone 7 and further discharged from the housing 1 through the outlet 3. Therefore, the grindable material 4 entering the working zone 7 is retained in the working zone 7 by means of the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 during a certain time period until the grinding degree of at least portion of this material 4 achieves a certain value, thereby allowing the grinded material 5 to be discharged from the working zone 7.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 are arranged on the common central axis 132 which is perpendicular to the central axis 131, wherein each of these working members 133.1, 133.2 are provided with elastic elements realized in the form of identical elastic rings made of spring steel, the elastic rings being arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7.
  • the working member 133.1 is provided with 5 elastic rings 8.1, while the working member 133.2 is provided with 5 elastic rings 8.2, wherein the elastic rings (8.1 and 8.2) are made identical (i.e.
  • each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and an elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 corresponding thereto are arranged in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7.
  • the elastic rings 8.1 are rigidly fastened on the working member 133.1
  • the elastic rings 8.2 are rigidly fastened on the working member 133.2 such that each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 has a fixed position in the cavity of the housing 1, wherein the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 cause oscillation of the working member 133.1 and of the working member 133.2 respectively when an external force is applied to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
  • Each two adjacent elastic rings of the five elastic rings 8.1 or of the five elastic rings 8.2 are separated from each other by steel spacers (not shown) such that the elastic rings 8.1 or the elastic rings 8.2 are arranged at the equal distance from each other along the length of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
  • the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be tightly seated on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be sealably arranged on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In a further embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be welded to a corresponding one of the sections of the outer side of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be integral with the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
  • Each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are also rigidly fastened to the corresponding one of the portions of the elongated wall of the housing 1 at the inner side of the wall.
  • each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be sealably fastened to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated mesh of the cylindrical housing 1 at the inner side of the wall.
  • each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be welded to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated mesh of the cylindrical housing 1 at the inner side of the wall.
  • the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be integral with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1.
  • each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be provided with at least three elastic rings rigidly fastened on the corresponding working member, tightly seated thereon or sealably arranged thereon such that at least a portion of these elastic rings is arranged along the central axis 132 on a predetermined distance with respect to each other.
  • each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be tightly pressed in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1 to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 from the inner side of the wall such that each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 are sealably separated from the another elastic ring of the elastic ring 8.1 that is adjacent thereto, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween, while each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 are sealably separated from the another elastic ring of the elastic ring 8.2 that is adjacent thereto, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween.
  • the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14 may be pre-compressed from the outer side, particularly from the outer side of the elongated wall of this housing 1, by using outer steel pull -rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this material grinder.
  • the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 may be pre-compressed by using inner steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this material grinder.
  • adjoining surfaces of the structural components in the material grinder may be pre-compressed by using "self-braking wedges", thereby providing hermeticity and integrity of the whole structure of this material grinder.
  • the working member 133.1 in combination with the elastic rings 8.1 rigidly fastened on this working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 in combination with the elastic rings 8.2 rigidly fastened on this working member 133.2 represent two separate identical mass-elastic systems (i.e., they have identical configuration and parameters) arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7 and having substantially equal values of natural frequency to be predetermined by means of known devices for determining natural frequency.
  • a reduced mass of the working member 133.1 or a reduced mass of the working member 133.2 will provide an increased natural frequency of the corresponding one of these mass-elastic systems.
  • the material grinder of Fig. 14 further comprises two solenoids 9.1, 9.2 made identical (i.e., they have identical structure and identical parameters), wherein each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 are fastened on the corresponding short wall of the housing 1 such that they are arranged on the central axis 132 and located in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and to the working zone 7.
  • the material grinder may comprise more than two working members oscillatably mounted in the housing 1.
  • the material grinder of Fig. 14 may comprise even number of the working members, for example, four, six, eight, ten, etc. working members mounted in the housing 1 in pairs such that the working members of each pair are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7 and symmetrically thereto, i.e. all the working members form two, three, four, five, etc. similar pairs of the working members, respectively.
  • the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 rigidly fixed with the elongated wall of the housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and rigidly secured on one of the ends of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the end being the distal one with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, limit the corresponding portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1 forming cavities 135.1, 135.2 where the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are respectively located.
  • each of the cavities 135.1, 135.2 formed in the housing 1 are limited by one of the opposite short walls of the housing 1, the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 1, the wall adjoining to said short wall directly, and the corresponding one of the above-described outermost elastic rings.
  • the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are sealably secured to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and sealably fastened on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 which are fastened on one of the ends of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the end being distal with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, will provide hermetization of the cavity 135.1 and the cavity 135.2 formed in the housing 1, respectively.
  • a vacuum is created in the hermetical cavities 135.1, 135.2 where the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 are arranged.
  • FIG. 14 another outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and another outermost elastic rings of the elastic rings 8.2 which are rigidly fixed with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and which are rigidly fastened on another end of the working member 133.1 and of the working member 133.2 respectively, the end being the closest one with respect to the central axis 133 and to the working zone 7, limit the portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1, thereby forming a central cavity 134 where the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located.
  • the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 may be configured to be closed to provide hermetization thereof, thereby providing hermetization of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1 where the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located, on the side of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1.
  • the solenoid 9.1 comprises a actuator (not shown), a stator (not shown) attached to the solenoid, and a lifter 130.1 connected to the stator by means of elastic elements realized in the form of tension-compression springs and configured to engage with the working member 133.1, wherein a movable solenoid plunger is attached to the lifter and pre-inserted into the solenoid at a predetermined gap.
  • the solenoid 9.2 has a structure identical to the above-described structure of the solenoid 9.1.
  • each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may comprise a actuator, a stator attached to the actuator, and a lifter inserted into the actuator at a predetermined gap to cause free oscillation and connected to the working member 133.1 or the working member 133.2, respectively.
  • the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be realized in the form of a actuator arranged within the closed stator, i.e., without using the lifter and the gap in the structure of each of these solenoids 9.1, 9.2 as shown in Fig. 17.
  • the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are fastened within the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 made of a ferromagnetic material such that they are located in the corresponding end portions of the working members 133.1, 133.2, the portions being distal with respect to the working zone 7 and the central axis 131 and being symmetrical with respect to them.
  • Impulse operation nature of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder will cause creation of internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, thereby providing swinging or oscillation of these working members 133.1, 133.2.
  • the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are mounted in the housing 1 of the material grinder in the cavity 135.1 and the cavity 135.2 of the housing 1, respectively, and adapted to periodically apply a force to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 by means of impulse excitation of the lifter 130.1 of the solenoid 9.1 and the lifter (130.2) of the solenoid 9.2 to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, to cause oscillation of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
  • the material grinder shown in Fig. 14 further comprises a control circuit (not shown) connected to each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2.
  • the control circuit (not shown) used in the material grinder of Fig. 14 comprises a power supply connected to an industrial frequency current power supply and comprising a voltage regulator to automatically maintain a given electric current intensity in a loop of the control circuit when a load intensity in the supply line is changed, and comprises one of known current rectification circuits realized, for example, in the form of a one-half-period diode bridge to provide one-half- period rectification of the regulated alternating electrical current being a sinusoidal harmonic signal (i.e. a harmonic signal changing an amplitude and a polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner) having positive and negative half periods (positive and negative half -waves).
  • a sinusoidal harmonic signal i.e. a harmonic signal changing an amplitude and a polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner
  • positive and negative half periods positive and negative half -waves
  • the one- half -period diode bridge of the control circuit of the material grinder shown in Fig. 14 "cuts off the negative half-wave of the input sinusoidal signal. Furthermore, the control circuit also comprises a contact breaker which provides breaking of the rectified current to obtain given current impulses having required frequency and duration parameters.
  • the above-described control circuit provides output of the above-mentioned impulses of a certain frequency to both of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to control operation thereof such that they substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively; wherein the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1. 9.2 are two times less than the predetermined natural period of any of the above-described mass-elastic systems.
  • the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be three, four, five and more times less than the pre-determined natural period of any of the above-described mass-elastic systems, thereby reducing a parasitic energy loss in the mass-elastic systems and solenoids in certain operation modes of the material grinder and, therefore, increasing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the material grinder.
  • the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be less than the pre-determined natural period of one of the above-described mass-elastic systems.
  • two or more solenoids 9.1 and two or more solenoids 9.2 may be arranged in the cavity 135.1 and in the cavity 135.2 of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14, wherein each of the solenoids is configured to apply a force to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, at a periodicity controllable by the above-described control circuit connected to all of these solenoids 9.1 and all of these solenoids 9.2.
  • the material grinder may comprise two or more working members 133.1 and two or more working members 133.2, and two or more solenoids 9.1 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of said working members 133.1, and two or more solenoids 9.2 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of said working members 133.2.
  • an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 may be made in opposite short walls of the elongated housing 1 of the material grinder, respectively, wherein the mass of the material grinded in the working zone 7 up to a required grinding degree is discharged therefrom by replacing said mass with a new mass of the grindable material fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 by using feeding means known in the prior art.
  • the structure of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is configured generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, there are no unbalanced vibrations and oscillations in structural assemblies and components of grinder (i.e. the material grinder of Fig. 14 is a balanced system), thereby providing an increased reliability and a life span of the structural components of such material grinder, particularly the working members 133.1, 133.2 thereof, and generally the entire material grinder, and avoiding a necessity to increase the mass of the material grinder and/or secure attachment thereof to the ground or fixation on a foundation to provide stable operation of the grinder.
  • the control circuit of this grinder produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency and a duration to the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to initiate a magnetic field in a coil of the corresponding solenoid, the field interacting with a movable solenoid plunger, thereby causing creation of a tractive force retracting the movable plunger into the solenoid.
  • Retraction of the movable plunger into the solenoid provides pulling the lifter 130.1 to the stator to cause deformation of the tension-compression springs.
  • the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 controlled by the control circuit apply periodic impulse excitation, as illustrated in Fig. 15 by means of a curve A2, to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 by means of the lifters 130.1, 130.2, respectively, substantially in simultaneous manner.
  • the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 and the control circuit are defined such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of these solenoids 9.1, 9.2 is two times less than the pre-determined natural period Tc of any of the working members 133.1, 133.2.
  • the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinder, wherein in the "idle mode» where the material to be grinded is not yet fed to the working zone 7, each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will oscillate, as illustrated in Fig. 15 by means of a curve A3, at a natural frequency corresponding to the "near resonance frequency” and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2. Meanwhile, excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode” over the natural frequency in the "idle mode” is determined depending on the mass of the material 4 to be grinded in the working zone 7.
  • the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder) provided the working zone 7 is fully filled with the material 4 to be grinded, i.e. when the working zone 7 is "overloaded". Meanwhile, when natural frequencies of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieve the "resonance frequency", the oscillation amplitude of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will be inconsiderably reduced by AL and ALl, and a phase shift by AT (as shown in Figs. 15 and 16) will take place.
  • Fig. 16 shows a graph illustrating a wave movement model in any of the above-described mass- elastic systems of the material grinder operating in the "idle mode" and the "working mode", under action of the coercive force provided by the corresponding one of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to said mass-elastic system, as well as in the absence of the action of said coercive force by the corresponding one of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to said mass-elastic system (free oscillations) to evaluate a ratio between force potential energy (basic tone energy) and energy consumed to produce work and compensate overhead of the material grinder (1st overtone energy).
  • the curve B l illustrates a vibrowave process of the mass-elastic system of the material grinder of Fig.
  • every periodic oscillation having a period T can be thought as sum of harmonic oscillations with periods being T, T/2, T/3 etc., i.e. at a frequency f, 2f, 3f, 4f, etc.
  • the first overtone energy (2f), the second overtone energy (3f), the third overtone energy (4f), etc. are used to produce work, wherein the basic tone energy (f; first harmonic) is not consumed and serves as a high potential, and all harmonics are excited and maintained by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2.
  • control circuit may control the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 such that the impulse excitation frequency of each of these solenoids equals to the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 counted for the working zone 7 being overloaded, when the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieves the "resonance frequency".
  • control circuit controls the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 such that the impulse excitation frequency of each of these solenoids is integer number of times less than the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 counted when the working zone 7 is overloaded, and when the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieves the "resonance frequency".
  • the mandatory condition for stable operation of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is in that the force potential of each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 has to provide maximal pressure surges exceeding threshold values of elastic stresses of the grindable material 4 by many times such that the growth rate of pressure of each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 onto the grindable material would exceed the elastic reaction growth rate of the grindable material by many times, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the material to be grinded when the working members 133.1, 133.2 are stopped prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the material grinder of Fig. 14, the material 4 to be grinded may be converted in the working zone 7 into a liquid or even a gas.
  • the grindable material 4 fed through the inlet 2 enters the working zone 7 under gravity, wherein the mass of the grindable material 4 is transported both downwardly from the entry of the working zone 7 to the exit thereof due to action of the gravity forces and transported horizontally due to oscillating working members 133.1, 133.2 acting from two sides on this mass of the grindable material 4, i.e. the entire material fed into the working zone 7 constantly moves and engages with adjacent portions or objects forming this material.
  • material located in the working zone 7 is grinded not only in the area adjoining to the working surfaces of the working members 133.1, 133.2 that directly engage with the grindable material, but also as a result of forcing portions and objects forming the grindable material into each other, their friction against each other and/or their mutual collision with each other.
  • the working zone 7 is a closed space in the central portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be secured in the cavity of the housing 1 such that they are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 132, resulting in that the grinding force acting on the grindable material in the working zone 7 is generally perpendicular to the surface of particles of the grindable material, so that grinding of this grindable material is provided by squashing.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be fixed in the cavity of the housing 1 such that they are arranged in parallel to the central axis 132, resulting in that the grinding force acting on the grindable material in the working zone 7 is generally directed tangentially to the surface of particles of the grindable material, so that grinding of this grindable material is provided by galling or milling.
  • the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be secured in various intermediate positions between the position where they are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 132 and the position where they are arranged in parallel to the central axis 132, so that grinding of the grindable material in the working zone 7 is provided by complex milling, i.e.
  • this material grinder is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the material 4 to be grinded to the working zone 7 therethrough; the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they allow the fed material to be grinded in the working zone 7 and the grinded material to be discharged from the working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the grinded material discharged from the working zone 7.
  • the processing device for processing a material may be implemented in the form of a material grinder for grinding solid and soft materials, particularly, solid and soft materials of a plant or organic nature, such as cellulose, as well as for grinding production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and/or the like, in a liquid medium.
  • a material grinder for grinding solid and soft materials particularly, solid and soft materials of a plant or organic nature, such as cellulose, as well as for grinding production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and/or the like
  • Embodiment of the processing device according to the present invention implemented in the form of the material grinder for grinding a material in a liquid medium is shown in Fig. 18.
  • the material grinder of Fig. 18 has the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14.
  • the liquid medium for example, water, is fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 of the material grinder of Fig.
  • the fed liquid medium is mixed with the grindable material 4 fed to the working zone 7.
  • the liquid medium is fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more feeding sockets provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust the fed liquid medium flow.
  • oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 at the "resonance frequency" will cause pressing of the liquid medium into microfissures of the grindable material 4 located in the working zone 7 in case of a hard pressure surge, as well as rupture of this grindable material 4 from the inside in case of a hard expansion surge.
  • the liquid medium may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding the grindable material 4 thereto through a special opening for feeding the liquid medium made in the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18.
  • the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18 may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located.
  • the outlet 3 also may be configured to be sealably opened and closed in a periodic manner respectively to perform a step of grinding the material 4 to be grinded in the working zone 7 in the liquid medium and to discharge the grinded material 5 mixed with a rest of the liquid medium (a portion of the liquid medium that has not been pressed into the grindable material) from the working zone 7 and, correspondingly, from the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18.
  • this material grinder is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and with the elastic rings 8.2 respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the material 4 to be grinded and the liquid medium to the working zone 7 therethrough, wherein the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause grinding of the fed grindable material in the working zone 7 by pressing the fed liquid medium thereto and discharging the grinded material from this working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the grinded material discharged from the working zone 7.
  • the processing device for processing material may be implemented in the form of a device for rolling or forging a plastic material (shown in Fig. 20) which has generally the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14 and intended to roll and forge the plastic material from a typical dimension of the inlet 2 used for feeding such plastic materials to the working zone 7 for rolling or forging thereof as a result of the above-described oscillation process of the working members 133.1, 133.2 at the "resonance frequency" up to the typical dimension of the outlet 3 through which the material processed by rolling or forging may be discharged from the housing 1 of such device.
  • known feeding mechanisms 139 may be used, while known receiving mechanisms 140 may be used for discharging the material processed by forging or rolling through the outlet 3.
  • the device for rolling or forging the plastic material according to the present alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 20 may be used to change the configuration, harden surfaces of metal sheets or produce foil, and the like.
  • this device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2;
  • the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the plastic material 4 and the liquid medium to the working zone 7 therethrough, the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause rolling or forging of the fed plastic material in the working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the material processed by rolling or forging and discharged from the working zone 7.
  • the above-described oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention may be used to be a basis for creation of a mixing device for mixing soft or liquid materials in a liquid medium or with other soft or liquid materials.
  • the mixing device has the same structure as the above- described material grinder of Fig 14.
  • the mixing device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention also may be used for mixing liquid of organic nature in water, mixing materials with water, wherein the materials typically cannot be mixed with water, for example for mixing petrochemistry products with water.
  • Fig. 21 shows an embodiment of the mixing device for mixing materials which is used for mixing one liquid material, two liquid materials with each o ther or three liquid materials with each other. All three materials to be mixed are fed to the working zone 7 of the mixing device through the inlet 2 in order to mix three liquid materials with each other, the materials are further mixed with each other in the working zone 7 forming a mixture of materials.
  • each of the three materials to be mixed is fed to the inlet 2 by using one of three feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 respectively, each of them being provided with own adjusting intake globe valve to adjust the amount of the corresponding liquid material to be fed, wherein the feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 are connected to the elongated wall of the housing 1 of the mixing device such that a sealed cavity 143 is formed around the inlet 2 on the outer side of the elongated wall of the housing 1, the cavity receiving all three materials to be mixed from the feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 respectively for pre-mixing them with each other and from which these pre-mixed materials come through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7.
  • the housing 1 of the mixing device of Fig. 21 may be connected to four or more feeding sockets to provide feeding of four or more liquid mixable materials to the working zone 7 through the inlet 2.
  • At least one of the liquid mixable materials may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding of at least one of rest of liquid materials before or afterwards.
  • a liquid medium mixed with soft and/or liquid materials fed to the working zone 7 is fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 of the mixing device.
  • the liquid medium is fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more outer feeding sockets, each of them being provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust a liquid medium flow being fed, wherein soft and/or liquid materials to be mixed with the liquid medium are also fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more outer feeding sockets, each of them being provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust a flow of soft and/or fed liquid materials.
  • the liquid medium may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding of soft and/or liquid materials thereto through a special opening for feeding the liquid medium made in the housing 1 and/or through the inlet 2 before or afterwards.
  • this mixing device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, as well as the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the mixable materials 4 to the working zone 7 therethrough, the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause mixing of the mixable material fed to the working zone 7 and discharging of the mixed material from this working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the mixed material discharged from the working zone 7 therethrough.
  • the central cavity 134 of the housing 1 of the mixing device where the portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the portion of the working member 133.2 used to perform the process of mixing the materials are located and the working zone 7 formed therebetween may be pre-filled through the inlet 2 or special opening in the housing 1 intended to feed the liquid medium to the central cavity 134 with a pre-determined volume of the liquid medium used for mixing, for example, water, such that at least portion of this liquid medium is located in the working zone 7, wherein the outlet 3 is sealably closed.
  • the inlet 2 After feeding the pre-determined volume of soft and/or liquid materials to be mixed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 with the liquid medium located therein, the inlet 2 is closed so as to provide complete hermetization of the central cavity 134 with the working zone 7, the oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the mixing device at the "resonance frequency" will cause mixing of the materials fed in the liquid medium.
  • a resulting liquid mixture may be discharged from the housing 1 of such mixing device through the opened outlet 3 which is further closed again so as to provide hermetization thereof to start next operation cycle of the mixing device.
  • the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the mixing device may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the portion 6.2 of the working member 133.2 used for mixing materials, and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located such that substantially all liquid medium being fed through the inlet 2 comes to the working zone 7.
  • the above-described oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention may be used as a basis for creating a pumping device intended for pumping a fluid medium, particularly liquid or gaseous medium serving as a material to be pumped, for example petroleum or natural gas.
  • the pumping device has the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14.
  • the working zone 7 of an embodiment of the pumping device according to the present invention is schematically shown in Fig. 19.
  • the pumping device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention may be used to pump a liquid and/or gaseous medium serving as materials to be pumped from one portion of a pipeline to another portion of this pipeline or from pipeline to another pipeline.
  • the inlet 2 of the housing 1 is provided with an intake globe valve 136 with an elastic plate 138
  • the outlet 3 of the housing 1 is provided with an exhaust globe valve 137 with an elastic plate 138
  • the pumping device may be used to pump gaseous and/or liquid products such as gas or petroleum over pipelines.
  • the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the pumping device may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located.
  • this pumping device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2.
  • the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 provided with the intake globe valve 136 and the outlet 3 provided with the exhaust globe valve 137, wherein the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they allow control of opening and closure of the globe valves 136, 137 to feed the fluid medium to the working zone 7 through the inlet 2 and to discharge the fluid medium through the outlet 3.

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Abstract

Disclosed oscillation exciter comprises a housing, and at least one working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one elastic element, and at least one solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof, and at least one additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one additional elastic element, and at least one additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof, and a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids. The control circuit in the disclosed oscillation exciter is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of the solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency.

Description

OSCILLATION EXCITER
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to vibratory devices used for grinding various types of solid and soft materials in different media, for example dry, liquid or gaseous media, and mixing soft and liquid materials in a liquid or gaseous medium, and pumping a fluid over pipelines, and processing, rolling, piercing, forging and cutting different materials, and tunnel boring, building trenches, excavations and channels by compaction or compression of soil, formation, stones and the like. Particularly, the present invention relates to an oscillation exciter and various embodiments thereof, and also to a method of oscillation exciting by using the oscillation exciter.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Various devices for exciting oscillations configured to perform vibrational action on substances are used in the art.
The closest prior art of the claimed invention is a vibratory crusher (SU15637A1, B02C1/02, 15.05.1990), comprising: a housing; a working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one elastic element; a solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof; an additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one additional elastic element; an additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof; and a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids.
One of disadvantages of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is a possible failure thereof due to overheating that may occur due to sharply attenuation of working masses oscillation which contact fed substance that occurs after feeding a substance to the working zone of such crusher so that in order to maintain operating capacity of such crusher it is necessary to increase the capacity of solenoids being used continuously that results in significant increase of energy costs.
Further disadvantage of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 is in that elastic elements of the vibratory crusher are used only for attaching the working masses to the housing of the crusher, i.e. only as a support, and they do not enable use of energy excited by the solenoids when they apply force to the working masses mounted by means of these elastic elements as a voltage potential.
Generally, the above-described disadvantages of the vibratory crusher according to SU 15637 are typical for other known vibratory machines currently available in the art.
Thus, an objective technical problem to be solved in the prior art is to provide an oscillation exciter overcoming at least the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known vibratory crusher.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved oscillation exciter which allows solving at least the above-identified technical problem.
In one variant of the present invention, an oscillation exciter is disclosed. The disclosed oscillation exciter comprises a housing; at least one working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one elastic element; at least one solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof; at least one additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one additional elastic element; at least one additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof; and a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids. To solve the objective problem the control circuit of the disclosed oscillation exciter is adapted to produce and deliver to said solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of the solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency.
The disclosed oscillation exciter provides a technical effect which is increased operating efficiency of the oscillation exciter, in particular due to the oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency, thereby resulting in that the most energy of impulse forces applied by the solenoids to the working masses is consumed specifically for the operation, i.e. for action on the substance to be processed, rather for internal heat losses. Furthermore, operating efficiency of the oscillation exciter is further increased due to usage of the elastic elements in the oscillation exciter according to the present invention not only as a support for mounting the working masses thereon in the exciter housing, but also for providing a high level of potential energy as a result of applying force by the solenoids to the working masses which form oscillating mass-elastic systems together with the elastic elements. In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter further comprises a working zone formed in the housing between the working masses and adapted to feed a substance thereto, wherein the working masses are configured to act on a substance in the working zone. This embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter also provides a technical effect which is increased efficiency of action on the substance and increased productivity of the oscillation exciter, particularly due to the fact that the working zone where the working masses act on the substance is substantially limited to the dimensions of the housing of said exciter, so that there is no need in transportation of the working masses to act on the substance in this working zone or an another zone differing from the working zone. Furthermore, this embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter provides an additional technical effect which is increases operational safety of said exciter, particularly due to the fact that the substance being acted does not go beyond the housing of said exciter during action of the working masses on the substance in the working zone. This embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter also provides a technical effect which is improved reliability and life span of the working masses and the oscillation exciter generally due to, particularly, minimized impact of the environment, particularly, moisture, on the working masses and the substance being acted that is fed to the working zone. Furthermore, this embodiment of the disclosed oscillation exciter provides an additional technical effect which is reduced noise impact of the oscillation exciter on the environment and people located in a close proximity to such oscillation exciter, particularly due to the fact that the working masses act on the substance being acted within the housing of the oscillation exciter, namely within the working zone formed in the oscillation exciter.
In one of embodiments of the present invention, the working masses of the oscillation exciter may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the working masses of the oscillation exciter may have a predetermined natural frequency.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the working masses of the oscillation exciter may have the same natural frequency.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre -determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is less than the natural period of the working masses.
In further embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre -determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that impulse excitation frequency of the solenoids is equal to the natural frequency of the working masses.
In further embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is two times less than the natural period of the working masses.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is three, four, five and more times less than the natural period of the working masses.
In some of embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is a whole number of times less than the natural frequency of the working masses.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of the oscillation exciter may be adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the solenoids simultaneously apply the forces to the working masses.
Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, resonating of the working mass and additional working mass in the oscillation exciter may be achieved at a certain duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids, the duration being associated with the natural period of the mass-elastic system operating at a load, i.e. when feeding the substance to the working zone. It should be also noted that a power of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids of the oscillation exciter is calculated as a function of a design weight of the substance fed to the working zone, wherein the substance weight corresponds to attenuation of the mass-elastic system during one oscillation period thereof, while the impulse power is consumed to compensate for the attenuation of the mass-elastic system during one oscillation period thereof. In the "idle mode» where the substance is not fed to the working zone yet, the mass-elastic system will perform non-harmonic periodic oscillation at the natural frequency that corresponds to "near-resonance frequency", wherein a principal harmonic oscillation or a tone, as well as one of non-principal harmonic oscillations or an overtone, will be excited dependent on the duration of the impulse excitation. Feeding of the design mass substance to the working zone will lead to attenuation of the oscillation process in the "idle mode", wherein the attenuation sequence in the mass-elastic system occurs on a staggered basis from the poor one to the strong one, i.e. from the overtone to the tone. In the "working mode» where the substance is fed to the working zone, the mass-elastic system performs harmonic oscillations, wherein the principal harmonic oscillation or a tone and one of non-principal harmonic oscillations or an overtone are excited dependent on the duration of the impulse excitation. When the working zone is fully loaded with the substance, the attenuation of the mass-elastic system occurs within the overtone, wherein overtone disappears (attenuated almost completely) among two harmonics (tone and overtone) as being the poorest one, while the tone remains unchanged upon transition from one oscillation period to the subsequent oscillation period, i.e. attenuation of the tone does not occur. Therefore, in the "idle mode" most of the energy of the impulse excitation is consumed to maintain the overtone, and the minor portion thereof is consumed to maintain the tone (internal heat loss), while in the "working mode" most of the energy of the impulse excitation is consumed to produce a work, and the minor portion thereof is consumed for internal heat loss (non-attenuation), such that during harmonic oscillations of the mass-elastic system we achieve rather powerful force of action on the substance located in the working zone and insignificant attenuation of oscillations while consuming a minimal amount of energy.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, in the oscillation exciter a number of the elastic elements used for mounting the working mass thereon is equal to a number of elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon, wherein the number of elastic elements is two or more.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the elastic elements used for mounting the working masses thereon are substantially identical to the elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon.
In some other embodiments of the present invention, the working masses in the oscillation exciter and corresponding elastic elements of the working masses may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
In further embodiments of the present invention, each of the solenoids of the oscillation exciter may be mounted in a corresponding sealed cavity of the housing.
In one of embodiments of the present invention, at least one elastic element and at least one additional elastic element each may be formed as an elastic ring.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings in the oscillation exciter may be rigidly fastened on a corresponding working mass and rigidly secured to the inside of the housing wall. In other embodiments of the present invention, each two adjacent elastic rings in the oscillation exciter may be separated from each other by a spacer.
Hereafter, in another variant of the present invention, a method of exciting oscillations is disclosed. The disclosed method comprises feeding the substance to the working zone of the oscillation exciter according to one of the above-described embodiments, wherein the housing of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention is provided with the working zone, and producing and delivering, by means of the control circuit, to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of the solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of these working masses at a resonance frequency under action of said working masses on the fed substance. The disclosed method also allows solving the above-identified objective problem. Furthermore, it is to note that the disclosed method of exciting oscillations also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the above-described embodiments of the oscillation exciter.
In one of embodiments of the present invention, the housing of the oscillation exciter may be provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed the substance serving as a material to be processed to the working zone through said inlet, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone cause processing of the material to be processed, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to discharge the processed material from the working zone through said outlet. This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a processing device for processing a material, particularly for grinding solid and soft materials of various types in dry and liquid or gaseous media, as well as for rolling and forging various materials.
In a further embodiment of the present invention the housing of the oscillation exciter may be provided with at least inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed said substance to the working zone through said inlet, wherein at least one material to be mixed serves as the substance, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone cause mixing of the material or materials to be mixed, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to discharge the mixed material or a mixture of materials from the working zone through said outlet. This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a mixing device for mixing soft and liquid materials in a liquid or gaseous medium. In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one inlet provided with an intake valve, and at least one outlet provided with an exhaust valve may be made in the housing of the oscillation exciter, wherein the oscillation exciter may be adapted to feed the substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone through said inlet, the working masses may be configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone causes increase and decrease in the alternate pressure in the working zone, and the oscillation exciter may be further adapted to open and close said valves to feed said substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone under the decreased pressure therein through said inlet, and to discharge the liquid medium from the working zone under the increased pressure therein through said outlet. This embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the present invention may be used to create a pumping device for pumping a liquid medium over pipelines.
In the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of this working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, wherein the weight of at least one additional working mass is greater than that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of the solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass. The oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention additionally increases operation efficiency of the oscillation exciter due to balancing vibrations and oscillations of structural assemblies and components of this oscillation exciter (in other words, the disclosed oscillation exciter is a balanced system) and, particularly, of the housing of the oscillation exciter to which vibration is transmitted from the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter, thereby resulting in reduced noise and vibrational action of the oscillation exciter on the environment. The oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is increased reliability and life span of the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter, particularly, working mass thereof, due to balanced vibrations and oscillations of said structural assemblies and components, as well as due to absence of necessity in a rectilinear reciprocate transportation of the working mass of the oscillation exciter for vibratory action on the substances to be processed. Furthermore, the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is increased operation stability of the oscillation exciter due to balanced vibrations and oscillations of structural assemblies and components in the disclosed oscillation exciter. In the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, and at least one additional solenoid is integrated into at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one additional working mass is greater than that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass. The disclosed oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention. Furthermore, the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a further technical effect which is an increased life span of the solenoids due to incorporation of the solenoids into the working mass and additional working mass, respectively, so that impact interaction between lifters and stators of the solenoids and, correspondingly, destruction or failure thereof are prevented in case of high power of the solenoids, as well as there is no need to use further control means to limit the power of these solenoids.
In the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the outer portion of said at least one working mass, at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass. The disclosed oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, as well as the additional technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention. Furthermore, in the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention, the outer portion of the additional working mass, said outer portion partially enveloping the outer portion of the working mass, provides an additional technical effect which is increased efficiency of processing a material to be processed by using such exciter due to an increased total contact area defined by the outer portions of these working masses and, consequently, an increased processing area with materials to be processed, the processing area being enveloped by the outer portions of said working masses, wherein in order to improve a processing degree of the material to be processed or follow-up processing of the material to be processed having insufficient processing degree there is no need in transportation of the exciter itself or in re-using it in the same processing area.
In the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the outer portion of said at least one working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass. The disclosed oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, as well as the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
In the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the exciter housing and the outer portion of said at least one working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass. The disclosed oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention also provides the above- mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, and the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention. In the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention the further technical effect provided by the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention is achieved due to the fact that the outer portion of the additional working mass partially envelops the outer portion of the working mass and the portion of the housing of the exciter itself. Furthermore, in the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the outer portion of the additional working mass, the outer portion partially enveloping the portion of the exciter housing, provides a further technical effect which is prevented hanging of such exciter during usage of the exciter for processing material in the processing area due to increased processing degree of the material coming to the area located close to the housing of such exciter including material that comes thereto as a result of processing thereof by the outer portion of the working mass and/or a portion of the outer portion of the additional working mass that envelops said outer portion of the working mass.
In the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the housing of the exciter and the outer portion of said at least one working mass, at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass. The disclosed oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention, the further technical effects achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the second and third aspects of the present invention, as well as the further technical effect achieved by the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 13 schematically shows propagation of a sound-wave in a working member of the oscillation exciter shown in Fig. 3 when the solenoid is switched on and switched off.
Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of a material grinder according to the present invention intended to grind various types of materials.
Fig. 15 shows a diagram illustrating dynamic and energy states of the material grinder of Fig. 14 in the "idle mode" state, as well as in the "working mode" state.
Fig. 16 shows a graph illustrating vibrowave processes in mass-elastic systems of the material grinder operating in the "idle mode" and "working mode".
Fig. 17 schematically shows an embodiment of the working member of the material grinder of Fig. 14.
Fig. 18 shows an embodiment of the material grinder according to the present invention for grinding various types of materials in a liquid medium. Fig. 19 shows a part of an embodiment of a pumping device according to the present invention for pumping a liquid medium.
Fig. 20 shows an embodiment of a device according to the present invention for rolling and forging a plastic material.
Fig. 21 shows an embodiment of a mixing device according to the present invention for mixing materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter 10 according to the first aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and the like in a dry medium, as well as for tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
The oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 17 made of a rigid material and divided by a partition 15 into two cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2. The housing 17 of the exciter 10 comprises an elongated working member 11.2 and an elongated balancer 11.1 both arranged on a common central axis 18 running between short sides of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 11.2 and balancer 11.1 are realized to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 18 of symmetry. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a mass center of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 is on the central axis 18, in the middle between the short sides of the housing 17 of the exciter.
The partition 15 in the housing 17 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 18. The working member 11.2 is mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 such that the housing is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 17. The balancer 11.1 is mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 such that the balancer is completely located in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17. Therefore, the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1 are mounted in the different cavities of the housing 17 of the exciter 10 on opposite sides with respect to the partition 15. In an embodiment of the present invention, the partition 15 in the housing 17 of the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may sealably seal the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2 of the housing 17 with respect to each other.
The outer portion of the working member 11.2 is generally rhomb-shaped in a vertical section made along the central axis 18 and applies mechanical excitation to a material which the outer portion comes in contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 10 is activated. The outer portion of the working member 11.2 has a certain contact area and substantially defines dimensions of the processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
It is required for the working mass of the balancer 11.1 mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 to be greater than the working mass of the working member 11.2. When the acting portion of the working member 11.2 contacts the material to be processed, the mass of said material joins to the working mass of the working member 11.2, thereby resulting in substantial achievement of the working mass of the balancer 11.1. Therefore, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is requited the balancer 11.1 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 has a mass greater than the mass of the working member 11.2 by the mass of the material to be joined, the joined mass is calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of a working surface of the outer portion of the working member 11.2, the working surface coming into contact with the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 10.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the balancer 11.1 of the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be adapted to adjust the mass of the balancer 11.1 by mounting one or more weighting elements on the exciter and/or at the exciter and to dismount such weighting elements, thereby allowing change of position of the mass center of the balancer 11.1.
In the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1, each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 are realized as a single structural part, wherein all pieces of the structural part are integral with each other.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be comprised of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters. In order to provide "mass symmetry" in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 it is required for the mass center of the working member 11.2 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, i.e. it is required to arrange them at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter. The mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 11.2 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 are predetermined during assembling the oscillation exciter 10, for example, experimentally by using means known in the prior art, wherein required locations of said mass centres are defined, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of corresponding structures, by adding weighting elements, by forming recesses and openings, and/or the like.
Each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the exciter 10 of Fig. 1 are provided with elastic elements used for mounting the balancer and the working member thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter 10, respectively, and realized as elastic rings made of spring steel. Meanwhile, the balancer 11.1 is provided with six elastic rings 14.1, wherein the elastic rings 14.1, 14.2 are made identical (i.e., it means that they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
The elastic rings 14.1 are rigidly fastened on the balancer 11.1, and the elastic rings 14.2 are rigidly fastened on the working member 11.2 such that each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 are fixedly positioned in the corresponding cavity 16.1, 16.2 of the housing 17, wherein the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 cause oscillation of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, when an external force is applied to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively. Each two adjacent elastic rings of six elastic rings 14.1 or six elastic rings 14.2 are separated from each other by steel spacers (not shown), so that the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 are equally spaced from each other along the length of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
In the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1, each of the elastic rings 14.1 located in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 and each of the elastic rings 14.2 located in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 are also rigidly secured to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated wall of the housing 17 at the inner side of the wall.
Each of the elastic rings 14.1 used for mounting the balancer 11.1 thereon is symmetrically arranged with respect to one of the elastic rings 14.2 used for mounting the working member thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic rings are equally spaced from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter. Therefore, in the oscillation exciter shown in Fig. 1 the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2, the second elastic ring 14.1 and the second elastic ring 14.2, the third elastic ring 14.1 and the third elastic ring 14.2, the fourth elastic ring 14.1 and the fourth elastic ring 14.2, the fifth elastic ring 14.1 and the fifth elastic ring 14.2, and the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, wherein the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2 are the closest ones to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, while the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 are the farthermost ones from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter. In the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the center of action of equivalent forces in an elastic system formed by the elastic rings 14.1 and the mass center of the balancer 11.1 coincide with each other and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, and the center of action of equivalent forces of another elastic system formed by the elastic rings 14.2 and the mass center of the working member 11.2 coincide with each other and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be mounted on any equal even or uneven number of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2, respectively.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may comprise two or more balancers 11.1 and the same number of the working members 11.2, so that the oscillation exciter may comprise two, three, four, five, etc. pairs where each pair is comprised of the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1 corresponding thereto. Meanwhile, in this embodiment of the present invention, the number of the elastic rings 14.1 used for mounting each of the balancers 11.1 thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter is equal to the number of the elastic rings 14.2 used for mounting each of the working members 11.2 thereon in the housing 17 of the exciter.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be tightly seated on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be sealably arranged on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 may be welded to a corresponding one of portions of the outer side of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively. In some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be integrated with the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be sealably secured to a corresponding one of portions of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter at the inner side of the wall. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 14.11 and the elastic rings 14.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be integrated with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter.
In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may be provided with the two elastic rings 14.1 and the two elastic rings 14.2 which are rigidly fastened on the balancer 11.1 and on the working member 11.2, respectively, tightly seat on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, or sealably arranged on the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, such that the elastic rings 14.1 are arranged along the central axis 18 at a predetermined distance with respect to each other, and the elastic rings 14.2 are arranged along the central axis 18 at a predetermined distance with respect to each other. Meanwhile, each of the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 may be tightly pressed in the corresponding cavity of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter to the inside of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17, so that each elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.1 is sealably separated from another adjacent elastic ring of the elastic rings, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween; each elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.2 is sealably separated from another adjacent elastic ring of the elastic rings 14.2, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed at the outer side, particularly at the outer side of the elongated wall of the housing 17, by using external steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this oscillation exciter, while these rods or ropes remain affected by the tension.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed by using internal steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this oscillation exciter. In further embodiments of the present invention, adjoining surfaces of the structural components in the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1 may be pre-compressed by using "self-braking wedges", thereby providing hermeticity and integrity of the whole structure of this oscillation exciter. In the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1, the working member 11.2 in combination with the elastic rings 14.2 rigidly fixed thereon and the balancer 11.1 in combination with the elastic rings 14.1 rigidly fixed thereon represent two separate identical mass-elastic systems (i.e., it means that they have identical configuration and parameters) symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis 18 and to the mass center of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter and having different values of natural frequency predetermined by means of known devices used in the art for determining natural frequency known. It should be noted that an increase in the weight of the balancer 11.1 and/or the working member (11.2) will cause reduction of the natural frequency of the corresponding mass-elastic system.
As shown in Fig. 1, the first elastic ring 14.1, the worst distal ring from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the balancer 11.1, said end being the closest one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter; the first elastic ring 14.2, the worst distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the working member 11.2, said end being the closest one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter; the first elastic ring 14.1 and the first elastic ring 14.2 delimit a particular part of the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2, respectively, to form corresponding separate cavities 19.1, 19.2. Therefore, the cavity 19.1 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by the partition 15, the first elastic ring 14.1 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter that directly adjoins to the partition 15 and the first elastic ring 14.1, while the cavity 19.2 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by the partition 15, the first elastic ring 14.2 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, said portion directly adjoining to the partition 15 and the first elastic ring 14.2.
Further, as shown in Fig. 1, the sixth elastic ring 14.1, the most distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the balancer 11.1, said end being the distal one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter; the sixth elastic ring 14.2, the most distal one from the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, is rigidly secured to a corresponding portion of the inner side of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter and rigidly fastened on the outermost portion of one of ends of the working member 11.2, said end being the distal one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter; the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the sixth elastic ring 14.2 also delimit a particular part of the cylindrical cavities 16.1, 16.2, respectively, to forming corresponding separate cavities 19.3, 19.4. Therefore, the cavity 19.3 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.1 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by one of short walls of the housing 17 of the exciter, the sixth elastic ring 14.1 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter that directly adjoins to said short wall and the sixth elastic ring 14.1, while the cavity 19.4 formed in the cylindrical cavity 16.2 of the housing 17 of the exciter is limited by another short wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, the sixth elastic ring 14.2 and the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 17 of the exciter, said portion directly adjoining to said another short wall and the sixth elastic ring 14.2.
In other embodiments of the present invention where the elastic rings 14.1 and the elastic rings 14.2 are sealably secured to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 17 of the exciter at the inner side of the wall and sealably fastened on the balancer 11.1 and the working member
11.2 respectively, the first elastic ring 14.1 and the second elastic ring 14.2 that are fastened on one of the ends of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, said end being the closest one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, provide hermetization of the cavity 19.1 and cavity 19.2, respectively, in the housing 17, while the sixth elastic ring 14.1 fastened on the end of the balancer 11.1, the end being the distal one with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, provides hermetization of the cavity
19.3 in the housing 17. In further embodiments of the present invention, a vacuum may be created in the hermetical cavities 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1.
Identical solenoids 13.1, 13.2 are also mounted in the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1, wherein the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are fastened on opposite sides of the partition 15 such that the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are arranged on the common central axis 18 symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, the solenoid 13.1 is located in the cavity 19.1 of the housing 17, and the solenoid 16.2 is located in the cavity 19.2 of the housing 17.
The solenoid 13.2 comprises a actuator (not shown), a stator (not shown) attached to the actuator, and a lifter 12.2 connected to the stator by means of elastic elements realized in the form of tension-compression springs and configured to interact with the working member 11.2, wherein a movable solenoid plunger is attached to the lifter 12.2 and preliminary inserted into the solenoid at a predetermined gap. The solenoid 13.2 has a structure identical to the above- described structure of the solenoid 13.1 and configured to interact with the balancer 11.1 by means of the lifter 12.1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 may comprise an actuator, a stator attached to the solenoid, and a lifter inserted into the solenoid such that a predetermined gap is formed in order to provide free oscillations and connected to the balancer 11.1 or the working member 13.2, respectively.
When the solenoid 13.1 and the solenoid 13.2 are activated, they periodically apply a force to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2 by means of impulse excitation applied by the lifter 12.1 and the lifter 12.2 to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, to cause oscillation thereof.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may comprise two solenoids 13.1 or another even number of the solenoids 13.1 and two solenoids 13.2 or another even number of the solenoids 13.2, wherein each of the solenoids 13.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 13.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at an equal distance from the central axis 18 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 18).
The oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 also comprises a control circuit (not shown) connected to each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2.
The control circuit (not shown) used in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 comprises a power supply connected to an industrial frequency current power supply and a voltage regulator utilized to automatically maintain a given electric current intensity in a loop of the control circuit when the load intensity in the supply line is changed, and one of known current rectification circuits configured, for example, in the form of a one -half-period diode bridge to provide one- half-period rectification of the regulated alternating electrical current being a sinusoidal harmonic signal (i.e. a harmonic signal changing amplitude and polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner) having positive and negative half periods (positive and negative half -waves). The one- half-period diode bridge of the control circuit of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 "cuts off the negative half-wave of the input sinusoidal signal. Furthermore, the control circuit also comprises a contact breaker which provides breaking of the rectified current to obtain given current impulses having the required frequency and duration parameters.
The above-described control circuit produces and delivers the above-mentioned impulses having a certain frequency to both solenoids 13.1, 13.2 to control operation thereof such that they operate in-phase and, therefore, substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively; wherein the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.1 to the balancer 11.1 is less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.2 to the working member 11.2. In other embodiments of the present invention, two or more solenoids 13.1 and two or more solenoids 13.2 may be arranged in the cavity 19.1 and the cavity 19.2 of the housing 17 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, respectively, wherein each of the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 is configured to apply a force to the working member 11.2 and the balancer 11.1, respectively, with a periodicity controlled by the above-described control circuit connected to all of the solenoids 13.1 and the solenoids 13.2.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 may comprise two or more working members 11.2, two or more balancers 11.1, and two or more solenoids 13.1 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of the balancers 11.1, and two or more solenoids 13.2 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of the working members 11.2, wherein said solenoids 13.1 and said solenoids 13.2 are fastened on the partition and arranged symmetrically with respect to the partition.
It should be noted that due to the fact that the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 is configured generally symmetrical with respect to the mass center of the housing 17 of the exciter, there are no unbalanced vibrations and oscillations in structural assemblies and components of the exciter, as well as on the housing of the oscillation exciter 10 to which the vibrations and oscillations are transmitted from the structural assemblies and components of the oscillation exciter 10 (i.e. the oscillation exciter 10 is a balanced system), thereby increasing operation efficiency and reliability of the oscillation exciter 10, as well as a life span of the structural components of the oscillation exciter 10, particularly the working member 11.2 thereof, and generally the entire oscillation exciter 10, and providing operation stability of the oscillation exciter 10, and increasing operational safety of the oscillation exciter for people and environment.
To use the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, it is required for the oscillation exciter 10 to be connected to the power supply line, so that the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency and a duration to the solenoids 13.1, 13.2, thereby initiating a magnetic field in a coil of the corresponding solenoid, the magnetic field interacting with a movable solenoid plunger to create a tractive force retracting the movable plunger into the solenoid. Retraction of the movable plunger into the solenoid pulls the lifter 12.2 to the stator and, thus, causes deformation of the tension-compression springs. When the current supplied to the solenoid 13.2 and, thus, the tractive force are equal to zero, the tension- compression springs push the lifter 12.2 back from the stator which, therefore, periodically applies a force to the working member 11.2 of the oscillation exciter 10. The solenoid 13.1 operates similarly to the solenoid 13.2. Therefore, the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 controlled by the control circuit apply the periodic impulse excitation to the balancer 13.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, by means of the lifters 12.1, 12.2 substantially in simultaneous manner. Meanwhile, the solenoids 13.1, 13.2 and the control circuit are defined such that they apply the impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, substantially in simultaneous manner, wherein the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.1 to the balancer 11.1 is less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 13.2 to the working member 11.2.
The solenoids 13.1, 13.2 cause oscillation of the balancer 11.1 and the working member 11.2, respectively, in the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1, wherein in the "idle mode" where the outer portion of the working member 11.2 is not yet contacted with the material to be processed, the balancer 11.1 will oscillate at a natural frequency which corresponds to the "resonance frequency" and equals to a forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.1, and the working member 11.2 will oscillate at a natural frequency which corresponds to a "near- resonance frequency" and exceeds the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.2, while the balancer 11.1 will have less oscillation amplitude as compared to the working member 11.2. Meanwhile, an excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode" over the natural frequency in the "idle mode" is determined depending on the mass of the processable material enclosed in the volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of the working surface of the outer portion of the working member 11.2, the working surface contacting the processable material in the processing area, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 10.
In the "working mode", when the outer portion of the working member 11.2 contacts the material to be processed, the mass of this material joins to the working mass of the working member 11.2, wherein the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 will be reduced from the "near-resonance frequency" up to "resonance frequency" as the processing area is filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and finally the natural frequency will achieve the "resonance frequency" (i.e. the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 13.2 in the oscillation exciter 10) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the material to be processed. Meanwhile, when the natural frequency of the working member 11.2 achieves the "resonance frequency", the oscillation amplitude of this working member 11.2 will be inconsiderably reduced substantially up to the oscillation amplitude of the balancer 11.1.
In order to provide stable operation of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the force potential of the working member 11.2 should provide maximal pressure surges which exceed manifold threshold values of elastic stresses of the material to be processed such that the growth rate of pressure of the working member 11.2 onto the material to be processed would exceed manifold the elastic reaction growth rate of this material to be processed, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the material to be processed, when the working member 11.2 stops prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 1, the processable material in the processing area may be converted into a liquid or even a gas. It should be also noted that the entire processable material entering the processing area will constantly move, so that adjacent objects forming this material will interact with each other. Therefore, material located in the processing area is grinded not only due to direct action of the working member 11.2 thereon, but also as a result of forcing objects forming the processable material into each other, their friction against each other and/or their mutual collision with each other. In other words, the material to be processed may come beyond the processing area providing forcing thereof into the material located beyond the processing area, so that tunnels, excavations and trenches may be created by compressing soil and formation on the bottom and at the periphery of a corresponding construction, rather than by dredging and transportation of soil and formation.
Therefore, oscillation of the working member 11.2 of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 with the above-described "resonance frequency" will create a powerful pressure and exhaust surges in the processing area due to action of a positive pressure applied by the working member 11.2, thereby providing high concentration of a crushing energy in the processing area and, thus, high-efficient processing of the material (for example, milling, grinding, and etc.) located in this processing area with simultaneous consumption of a relatively small amount of energy to provide operation of the oscillation exciter 10 according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the first aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 comprises a housing 27 enclosing a working member 21.2 partially arranged in a cavity 26.2 and provided with elastic rings 24.2, a balancer 21.1 arranged in a cavity 26.1 and provided with elastic rings 24.1, a solenoid 23.1 with a lifter 22.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 21.1, and a solenoid 23.2 with a lifter 22.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 21.2; wherein the housing 27 is further provided with a partition 25, and the cavity 26.1 of the housing 27 comprises cavities 29.1, 29.3, and the cavity 26.2 of the housing 27 comprises cavities 29.2, 29.4; the solenoids 23.1, 23.2, the working member 21.2 and an additional working member 21.1 are arranged on a central axis 28 of symmetry.
The structure of the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 differs from the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 in that in the solenoid 23.2 of the oscillation exciter 20 periodically applying a force to the working member 21.2 for oscillation thereof is mounted in the cavity 29.3 of the housing 27 such that the solenoid 23.2 applies a force to the end of the balancer 21.1, the end being distal from the mass center of the housing 27 of the exciter or from the partition 25, wherein the solenoid 23.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 21.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 23.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 21.2 and the mass center of the balancer 21.1, respectively. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 controls the solenoid 23.1 and the solenoid 23.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 21.1 and the working member 21.2, respectively. Meanwhile, it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 23.1 to the balancer 21.1 to be less than the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 23.2 to the working member 21.2.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2 will maximally balance the working member 21.2 and the balancer 21.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 also should be considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 20 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
The oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 comprises a housing 37 enclosing a working member 31.2 partially arranged in a cavity 36.2 and provided with elastic rings 34.2, a balancer 31.1 located in a cavity 36.1 and provided with elastic rings 34.1, a solenoid 33.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 31.1, and a solenoid 33.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 31.2, wherein the housing 27 is further provided with a partition 35, the cavity
36.1 of the housing 37 of the exciter comprises cavities 39.1, 39.3, and the cavity 36.2 of the housing 27 of the exciter comprises cavities 39.2, 39.4; the solenoids 33.1, 33.2, the working member 31.2 and an additional working member 31.1 are arranged on a central axis 38 of symmetry.
The structure of the oscillation exciter according to the third embodiment of the present invention differs from the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 in that in the oscillation exciter 30 the solenoid 33.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 31.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 33.1 periodically applying a force to the balancer 31.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.1, respectively.
Therefore, in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3, the solenoids 33.1, 33.2 are realized in the form of an electromagnet arranged within a closed-loop stator, i.e. a lifter and a gap are not used in the structure of each of these solenoids 33.1, 33.2, as shown in Fig. 13. Meanwhile, in this embodiment of the present invention, the solenoid 33.2 and the solenoid 33.1 are fastened within the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.1 which are made of a ferromagnetic material such that the solenoid 33.2 is arranged at an end of the working member 31.2, the end being close to the mass center of the housing 37 of the exciter, and the solenoid 33.1 is arranged at an end of the balancer 31.1, the end being close to the mass center of the housing 37 of the exciter, wherein the solenoid 33.2 and the solenoid 33.1 are arranged at the common central axis 38 symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 37 or the partition 35 in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3.
Similar to the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the control circuit in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency to both of the solenoids 33.1,
33.2 to control operation thereof such that they operate in-phase and, therefore, substantially simultaneously apply excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 31.1 and the working member 21.2, respectively, wherein the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 33.1 to the balancer 31.1 is also less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 33.2 to the working member 31.2.
Therefore, impulse operation nature of the solenoids 33.2, 33.1 in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 will cause creation of internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 33.1 and the balancer 33.2, respectively, thereby providing swinging or oscillation thereof. Application centers of resultant magnetic force of the solenoid 33.2 and of the solenoid 33.1 will be located at the equal maximal distance from the mass center and elastic force center of the working member 31.2 and the mass center and elastic force center of the balancer, respectively, wherein said maximal distance will provide maximal efficiency of oscillation buildup of the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.3 since almost all ferromagnetic mass thereof will be driven in a single direction, namely towards the center of the corresponding magnetic force application.
In an embodiment of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3, the outer portion of the working member 31.2, the portion being contacted with the material to be processed, may be further provided with saw-like elements.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 will maximally balance the working member 31.2 and the balancer 31.1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 may comprise two solenoids 33.1 or another even number of the solenoids 33.1 integrated into the balancer 31.1, and two solenoids 33.2 or another even number of the solenoids 33.2 integrated into the working member 31.2, wherein each of the solenoids 33.1 if arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 33.2, wherein said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the central axis 38 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 38).
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 also should be considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the second aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 comprises a housing 47 enclosing a working member 41.2 partially arranged in a cavity 46.2 and provided with elastic rings 44.2, a balancer 41.1 arranged in a cavity 46.1 and provided with elastic rings 44.1, a solenoid 43.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the balancer 41.1, and a solenoid 43.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 41.2; wherein the housing 47 is further provided with a partition 45, and the cavity 46.1 of the housing 47 of the exciter comprises cavities 49.1, 49.3, and the cavity 46.2 of the housing 47 of the exciter comprises cavities 49.2, 49.4; the solenoids 43.1, 43.2, the working member 41.2 and the balancer 41.1 are arranged on the central axis 48 of symmetry. The structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 in that the solenoid 43.1 periodically applying a force to the balancer 41.1 for oscillation thereof is integrated into a portion of the balancer 41.1, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing 47 of the exciter or from the partition 45, wherein the solenoid 43.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 41.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 43.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 41.2 and the mass center of the balancer 41.1, respectively. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 controls the solenoid 43.1 and the solenoid 43.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the balancer 41.1 and the working member 41.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 43.1 to the balancer 41.1 to be also less than that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 43.2 to the working member 41.2. The above- described features of the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4 will provide maximally balance the working member 41.2 and the balancer 41.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 40 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
The structure of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, but has the differences therefrom as described below.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5.
Similarly to the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1, the oscillation exciter 50 shown in Fig. 5 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 57 divided by a partition 55 into two cylindrical cavities 56.1, 56.2. The housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 comprises an elongated working member 51.2 and an elongated additional working member 51.1 both arranged on a common central axis 58 of symmetry running between the short sides of the cylindrical housing 57 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 51.2 and additional working member 51.1 are realized to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry.
In a preferred embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50, a mass center of the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 is located on the central axis 58 of symmetry in the middle between the short sides of the housing 57 of the exciter, and the partition 55 in the housing 57 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry.
The working member 51.2 is mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 such that the working member 51.2 is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 and the cylindrical cavity 56.2, and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 57. The working member 51.2 is formed by assembling two structural parts, wherein said structural parts of the working member 51.2 may be assembled, for example, by inserting one of these structural parts into another structural part to have them securely fastened as shown in Fig. 5.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 may be formed of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters.
The outer portion of the working member 51.2 is generally rhomb-shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 58 and applies mechanical excitation to the material with which the outer portion comes into contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 50 is activated.
The additional working member 51.1 is mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 such that the additional working member is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 56.2 of the housing 57, wherein the additional working member 51.1 partially envelops a portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.2 of the housing 57, and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 57, and partially envelopes the outer portion of the working member 51.2. The additional working member 51.1 is comprised of a single structural part, and all pieces of the structural part are integral with each other. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 5, the additional working member 51.1 is provided with a through hole having a shape suitable for inserting the working member 51.2 thereinto such that the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1, the outer portion extending through the outer portion of the working member 51.2, partially projects outwardly beyond the outer portion of the working member 51.2, thereby forming an acting portion of the oscillation exciter 50, the acting portion being generally rhomb-shaped in a vertical section made along the central axis 58 and being configured to mechanically act on the processable material for processing thereof.
Therefore, the outer portion of the working member 51.2 extends through the two cavities 56.1 and 56.2 in the housing 57, while the portion of the additional working member 51.1 extends only though the cavity 56.2 in the housing 57, wherein the outer portion of the additional working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 that partially envelops the outer portion of the additional working member substantially define dimensions of the processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
It should be noted that, in the oscillation exciter 50, the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 have substantially the same contact area where they come into contact the material to be processed.
The working mass of the additional working member 51.1 mounted in the housing 57 of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 should be equal to the working mass of the working member 51.2; when the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 of the oscillation exciter 50 come into contact with the material to be processed, the mass of said material joins to the initial working mass of the working member 51.2 and the working mass of the additional working member 51.1, thereby resulting in an increased working mass of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 and, thus, a reduced natural frequency of the corresponding mass-elastic system. Therefore, in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, it is required for the initial working mass of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 to be defined with due consideration of the mass of the material to be joined, the joined mass being calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of working surfaces of the outer portions of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.2 both contacting the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 50.
In order to provide "mass symmetry" in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, it is also required for the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, i.e. they should be arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter. The mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 where the portion of the working member 51.2 is located are predetermined during the process of assembling the oscillation exciter 50, for example, experimentally by using means known in the prior art, wherein their required locations are defined, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of their structures, adding weighting elements, forming recesses and openings, as well as using construction materials having various relative densities (i.e. by combining light and hard assemblies and items with each other), and the like.
Each of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2 in the exciter 50 of Fig. 5 are provided with elastic elements used for mounting the members thereon in the housing 57 of the exciter and realized in the form of elastic rings made of spring steel. Also, the additional working member 51.1 is provided with seven elastic rings 54.1, while the working member 51.2 is also provided with seven elastic rings 54.2, wherein these elastic rings 54.1, 54.2 are made identical (i.e., they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
The elastic rings 54.1 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the additional working member 51.1, the portion being located in the cavity 56.2, while the elastic rings 54.2 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.1, so that the additional working member 51.1 is fixed in the cavity 56.2 of the housing 57 of the exciter, and the working member 51.2 is fixed in the cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 of the exciter. Meanwhile, the elastic rings 54.1 cause oscillation of the working member 51.2 when an external force is applied to the working member 51.2, and the elastic rings 54.2 cause oscillation of the additional working member 51.1 when an external force is applied to the additional working member 51.1. Each of the elastic rings 54.1 used for mounting the working member 51.2 thereon and the corresponding one of the elastic rings 54.2 used for mounting the additional working member 51.1 thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter.
In the oscillation exciter 50 shown in Fig. 5 the center of action of equivalent forces of one elastic system formed by the elastic rings 54.1 and the mass center of the working member 51.2, the centers coinciding with each other, as well as the center of action of equivalent forces of another elastic system formed by the elastic rings 54.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1, the centers coinciding with each other, are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter.
Generally, in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, the elastic system comprised of the elastic rings
54.1 and the elastic system comprised of the elastic rings 54.2 have configurations which are similar to the configurations of the corresponding elastic systems of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, so that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding elastic rings of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 as well as the above-described possible additional embodiments of such elastic rings are applicable for the elastic rings 54.1, 54.2. Similarly to the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the elastic rings 54.1 and the elastic rings 54.2 in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 divide the housing 57 of the exciter into the cavities 59.1, 59.3 and 59.4.
In the oscillation exciter 50 shown in Fig. 5, two solenoids 53.2 are integrated into the additional working member 51.1, wherein the solenoids 53.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry, and each of the solenoids 53.3 periodically applies a force to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 51.1 for oscillation thereof; two solenoids 53.1 are integrated into the working member 51.2, wherein the solenoids 53.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58 of symmetry, and each of the solenoids 53.1 periodically applies a force to the corresponding portion of the working member
51.2 for oscillation thereof.
Therefore, each of the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 used in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 are made identical to the solenoid 33.1 and the solenoid 33.1 used in the oscillation exciter 30 of Fig. 3, respectively.
As shown in Fig. 5, the solenoids 53.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 51.2 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the working member 51.2, the portion being located in the cavity 56.1 of the housing 57 of the exciter and being distal from the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, while the solenoids 53.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 51.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the additional working member 51.1, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 57 of the exciter, wherein the solenoid 53.2 and the solenoid 53.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the additional working member 51.1 and the working member 51.2, respectively.
The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 controls the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 such that the solenoids 53.1 and the solenoids 53.2 operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.1 to the working member 51.2 to be also less than the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.2 to the additional working member 51.1.
In an embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, one solenoid 53.1 may be integrated into the working member 51.2, and one solenoid 53.2 may be integrated into the additional working member 51.1; it is required for the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 to be arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 51.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 51.1, respectively. In this embodiment, the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the central line 58 of symmetry or arranged on the central line 58 of symmetry.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 may comprise four solenoids 53.1 or another even number of the solenoids 53.1 integrated into the working member 51.2, and four solenoids 53.2 or another even number of the solenoids 53.2 integrated into the additional working member 51.1, wherein each of the solenoids 53.1 is arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 53.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 58 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 58).
The control circuit (not shown) used in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 operates similarly to the above-described control circuit used in the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 with the exception that a different network current rectification circuit is used to drive the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 in the oscillation exciter 50.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 will provide maximal balance of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5.
To use the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 it is required to connect the oscillation exciter 50 to the power supply line, so that the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter controls the solenoids 53.1, 53.2 such that they operate out of phase and apply successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively; the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.1 to the working member 51.2 is equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 53.2 to the additional working member 51.1 to create internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1.
The solenoids 53.1, 53.2 swings the working member 51.2 and the additional working member
51.1, respectively, in the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, wherein in the "idle mode" where the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 are not yet contacted with the material to be processed, the working member 51.2 will oscillate at a natural frequency corresponding to the "near-resonance frequency" and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 53.1, and the additional working member 51.1 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near- resonance frequency" and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid
53.2, wherein the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1 will have substantially the same oscillation amplitude. Meanwhile, excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode" by the natural frequency in the "idle mode" is determined depending on the mass of the material to be processed enclosed in the volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of the working surface of the outer portion of the corresponding working member, the surface contacting the material to be processed in the processing area, in the material to be processed in a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 50.
In the "idle mode» where the outer portion of the working member 51.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 51.1 contact the material to be processed, the mass of this material joins to the working mass of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1, respectively, wherein the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 51.1 will be reduced from the "near- resonance frequency" up to the "resonance frequency" as the processing area if filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and then will achieve the "resonance frequency" (i.e. the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 53.1 and the solenoid 53.2 in the oscillation exciter 50) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the material to be processed. Meanwhile, when the natural frequency of the working member 51.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 51.1 achieve the "resonance frequency", their oscillation amplitudes will be inconsiderably reduced, wherein the oscillation amplitude of the working member 51.2 will be substantially equal to the oscillation amplitude of the additional working member 51.1. In order to provide stable operation of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, the force potential of the working member 51.2 and the additional working member 51.1 should provide maximal pressure surges exceeding by many times threshold values of elastic stresses of the processable material such that the growth rate of pressure of the working member 51.2 or the additional working member 51.1 onto the processable material would exceed by many times the elastic reaction growth rate of this processable material, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the processable material, when the working member 51.2 stops or the additional working member 51.1 stops prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5, the processable material may be converted in the processing area into a liquid or even a gas. It should be also noted that a portion of the processable material, the portion entering the processing area of the working member 51.2, may then enter the processing area of the additional working member 51.1, thereby increasing a processing degree of such material and, therefore, operation efficiency of the oscillation exciter.
Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the third aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 comprises a housing 67 enclosing a working member 61.2 partially arranged in cavities 66.1 and 66.2 and a portion of the working member 61.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 66.1 and provided with elastic rings 64.1, and an additional working member 61.1 partially arranged in the cavity 66.2 and provided with elastic rings 64.2, and two solenoids 63.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 61.2, and two solenoids 63.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 61.1; the housing 67 is further provided with a partition 65, and the cavity 66.1 of the housing 67 of the exciter comprises cavities 69.2, 69.4, wherein the solenoids 63.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 68 of symmetry, and the solenoids 63.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 68 of symmetry.
The structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 60 the solenoids 63.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 61.2 for oscillation thereof are integrated into a portion of the working member 61.2, the portion being located in the cavity 69.1 close to the mass center of the housing 67 of the exciter or close to the partition 65; the solenoids 63.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 61.1 for oscillation thereof and the corresponding solenoids 63.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 67 of the exciter. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 controls the solenoids 63.1 and the solenoids 63.2 such that they operate in- phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 61.2 and the additional working member 61.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 63.1 to the working member 61.2 to be equal to that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 63.2 to the additional working member 61.1.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 60 of Fig. 6 will maximally balance the working member 61.2 and the additional working member 61.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 shown in Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 50 shown in Fig. 5 also should be considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 60 shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 70 shown in Fig. 7 comprises a housing 77 enclosing a working member 71.2 partially arranged in cavities 76.1 and 76.2 and a portion of working member 71.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 76.1 and provided with elastic rings 74.1, and an additional working member 71.1 partially arranged in the cavity 76.2 and provided with elastic rings 74.2, and two solenoids 73.1 each having a lifter 72.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the working member 71.2, and two solenoids 73.2 each having a lifter 72.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 71.1; the housing 77 is further provided with a partition 75, and the cavity 76.1 of the housing 77 of the exciter comprises cavities 79.1, 79.3, wherein the solenoids 73.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78 of symmetry, and the solenoids 73.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78 of symmetry.
The structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 70 the solenoids 73.2 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 71.1 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 79.2 of the housing 77 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the additional working member 71.1, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 77 of the exciter or close to the partition 75, and the solenoids 73.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 71.2 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 79.1 of the housing 77 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the working member 71.2, the portion being located in the cavity 76.1 close to the mass center of the housing 77 of the exciter or close to the partition 75; the solenoids 73.2 and the corresponding solenoids 73.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 77 of the exciter. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 controls the solenoids 73.1 and the solenoids 73.2 such that they operate in -phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 71.2 and the additional working member 71.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 73.1 to the working member 71.2 to be equal to that of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 73.2 to the additional working member 71.1.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 will maximally balance the working member 71.2 and the additional working member 71.1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7 may comprise four solenoids 73.1 or another even number of the solenoids 73.1 and four solenoids 73.2 or another even number of the solenoids 73.2, wherein each of the solenoids 73.1 is arranged symmetrically to one of the solenoids 73.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 78 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 78).
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 also should be considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 70 of Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 comprises a housing 87 enclosing a working member 81.2 partially arranged in cavities 86.1 and 86.2 and a portion of the working member 81.2, the portion being arranged in the cavity 86.1 and provided with elastic rings 84.1, and an additional working member 81.1 partially arranged in the cavity 86.2 and provided with elastic rings 84.2, and two solenoids 83.1 each having a lifter 82.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the working member 81.2, and two solenoids 83.2 each having a lifter 82.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the corresponding portion of the additional working member 81.1; the housing 87 is further provided with a partition 85, and the cavity 86.1 of the housing 87 of the exciter comprises cavities 89.2, 89.4, wherein the solenoids 83.1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 88 of symmetry, and the solenoids 83.2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 88 of symmetry. The structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 in that in the oscillation exciter 80 the solenoids 83.1 periodically applying a force to the working member 81.2 for oscillation thereof are mounted in the cavity 89.3 of the housing 87 of the exciter such that they apply a force to a portion of the working member 81.2, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing 87 of the exciter or distal from the partition 85; the solenoids 83.2 and the corresponding solenoids 83.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the additional working member 83.1 and the working member 83.2. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 controls the solenoid 83.1 and the solenoid 83.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 81.2 and the additional working member 81.1, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 83.1 to the working member 81.2 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 83.2 to the additional working member 81.1.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8 will maximally balance the working member 81.2 and the additional working member 81.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 50 of Fig. 5 also should be considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 80 of Fig. 8.
Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones and the like.
The structure of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, but has some differences as described below.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9.
Similarly to the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 97 divided by a partition 95 into two cylindrical cavities 96.1, 96.2. The housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 comprises an elongated working member 91.2 and an elongated additional working member 91.1 both arranged on a common central axis 98 of symmetry extending between the short sides of the cylindrical housing 97 of the exciter, wherein each of the working member 91.2 and additional working member 91.1 are configured to be generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 98 of symmetry.
In a preferred embodiment of the oscillation exciter 90, a mass center of the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 is located on the central axis 98 of symmetry in the middle between the short sides of the housing 97 of the exciter, and the partition 95 in the housing 97 of the exciter defines a plane intersecting with the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter and arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 98 of symmetry.
The working member 91.2 is mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 such that the housing is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 96.2 of the housing 97 and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 97. The working member 91.2 is comprised of a single structural part, wherein all parts of the structural part are integral with each other as shown in Fig. 9.
The inner portion of the working member 91.2 is located in the cavity 96.2 and shaped as an elongated cylinder, and the outer portion of the working member 91.2 is generally rhomb- shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 98 and applies mechanical excitation to the material witch which the outer portion comes into contact to process the material when the oscillation exciter 90 is activated, wherein the outer portion of the working member 91.2 has a certain contact area.
The additional working member 91.1 is mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 such that the additional working member is partially located in the cylindrical cavity 96.1 of the housing 97 of the exciter and partially projects outwardly beyond the housing 97 of the exciter, and partially envelopes the housing 97 of the exciter on the outer side thereof as well as partially envelopes the outer portion of the working member 91.2, wherein the inner portion of the additional working member 91.1 is generally shaped as an elongated cylinder. The additional working member 91.1 is formed by rigidly securing two structural parts together, for example, by welding as shown in Fig. 9. The outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 has a certain contact area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 may be comprised of a plurality of structural parts releasably connected to each other, wherein at least one of these structural parts may be made of different materials having different properties and parameters.
The outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 substantially define dimensions of the common processing area where the material may be processed until the material achieves a required processing degree.
It should be noted that, in the oscillation exciter 90, the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 have the same contact area. It is requited that the working mass of the additional working member 91.1 mounted in the housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 is equal to the working mass of the working member 91.2, wherein the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 of the oscillation exciter 90 come into contact with the material to be processed, the mass of said material joins to the initial working mass of the working member 91.2 and the initial working mass of the additional working member 91.1, thereby resulting in an increased working mass of the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2 and, thus, a reduced natural frequency of the corresponding mass-elastic system. Therefore, in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, it is required for the initial working mass of the additional working member 91.1 and the initial working mass of the working member 91.2 to be defined with consideration of the mass of the material to be joined, the joined mass being calculated as a mass of the processable material enclosed in a volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of working surfaces of the outer portions of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.2 which contact the processable material, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 90.
In order to provide "mass symmetry" in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, it is also required for the mass center of the working member 91.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 91.1 to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter, i.e. it is required to arrange them at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter. The mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter, the mass center of the working member 91.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 91.1 are predetermined during the process of assembling the oscillation exciter 90, for example, experimentally by using means known in the art, and their required locations are achieved, for example, by thickening or increasing length of walls of their structures, adding weighting elements, forming recesses and openings, and using construction materials having various relative densities (i.e. by combining light and hard assemblies and items with each other), and the like.
Each of the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2 in the exciter 90 of Fig. 9 is provided with elastic elements used for mounting thereon in the housing 97 of the exciter and realized in the form of elastic rings made of spring steel. Meanwhile, similarly to the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the additional working member 91.1 is provided with six elastic rings 94.1, while the working member 91.2 is also provided with six elastic rings 94.2, wherein these elastic rings 94.1, 94.2 are made identical (i.e., they have identical structural parameters, such as mass, shape, dimensions, material, and the like).
The elastic rings 94.1 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the additional working member 91.1, the portion being located in the cavity 96.1, while the elastic rings 94.2 are rigidly fastened on the portion of the working member 91.2, the portion being located in the cavity 96.2, such that the additional working member 91.1 is fixed in the cavity 96.1 of the housing 97 of the exciter, while the working member 91.2 is fixed in the cavity 96.2 of the housing 97 of the exciter; the elastic rings 94.1 cause oscillation of the additional working member 91.1 when an external force is applied to the additional working member 91.1, while the elastic rings 94.2 cause oscillation of the working member 91.2 when an external force is applied to the working member 91.2. Each of the elastic rings 94.1 used for mounting the additional working member 91.1 thereon and the corresponding one of the elastic rings 94.2 used for mounting the working member 91.2 thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter.
In the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 the center of action of equivalent forces of one elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.1 coincides with the mass center of the working member 91.2, the centers coinciding with each other, and the center of action of equivalent forces of another elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.2 coincides with the mass center of the additional working member 91.1, wherein said coinciding centers are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter.
Generally, in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, the elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.1 and the elastic system formed by the elastic rings 94.2 have configurations similar to the configurations of the corresponding elastic systems of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, so that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding elastic rings of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and the above-described possible additional embodiments of such elastic rings are applicable to the elastic rings 94.1, 94.2. Similarly to the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1, the elastic rings 94.1 and the elastic rings 94.2 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 divide the housing 97 of the exciter into the cavities 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, and 99.4.
The housing 97 of the oscillation exciter 90 comprises the solenoid 93.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 91.1 for oscillation thereof and mounted in the cavity
99.1 of the housing 97 of the exciter such that the solenoid applies a force to a portion of the inner side of the additional working member 91.1, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter or close to the partition 95, and the solenoid 93 periodically applying a force to the working member 91.2 for oscillation thereof and mounted in the cavity
99.2 of the housing 97 of the exciter such that the solenoid applies a force to a portion of the inner side of the working member 91.2, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter or close to the partition 95, wherein the solenoid 93.2 and the solenoid 93.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the housing 97 of the exciter. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 controls the solenoid 93.1 and the solenoid 93.2 such that they operate in -phase phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2, respectively; it is requited for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.1 to the additional working member 91.1 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.2 to the working member 91.2.
Generally, in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, the solenoid 93.1 and the solenoid 93.2 has configurations identical to the configurations of the corresponding solenoids of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 such that the above-mentioned description of the corresponding solenoids of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and the above-described possible additional embodiments of the such solenoids are applicable to the solenoids 93.1, 93.2.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 will maximally balance the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 may comprise two solenoids 93.1 or another even number of the solenoids 93.1 and two solenoids 93.2 or another even number of the solenoids 93.2, wherein each of the solenoids 93.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 93.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 98 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 98).
To use the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 it is requited for the oscillation exciter 90 to be connected to a power supply line, thereby resulting in that the control circuit (not shown) of this exciter controls the solenoids 93.1, 93.2 such that they operate in-phase applying substantially simultaneous periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 91.1 and the working member 91.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.1 to the additional working member 91.1 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 93.2 to the working member 91.2, thereby causing oscillation of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 in the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9.
In the "idle mode» where the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 are not yet contacted with the material to be processed, the working member 91.2 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near- resonance frequency" and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.2, and the additional working member 91.1 will oscillate at the natural frequency corresponding to the "near-resonance frequency" and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.1, wherein the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 will have substantially equal oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode" over the natural frequency in the "idle mode" is determined depending on the mass of the processable material enclosed in the volume defined by two displacement amplitudes of the working surface of the outer portion of the corresponding working member, the working surface contacting the processable material in the processing area, in the processable material within a single operation cycle of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9. In the "working mode» where the outer portion of the working member 91.2 and the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 contact the material to be processed, the mass of this material joins to the working mass of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1, wherein the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the additional working member 91.1 will be reduced from the "near-resonance frequency" up to "resonance frequency" as the processing area is filled with a required amount of the material to be processed, and then will achieve the "resonance frequency" (i.e. the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 91.1 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoid 93.2 and the solenoid 93.1, respectively, in the oscillation exciter 90) provided the processing area is fully filled with the required amount of the processable material. Meanwhile, when the natural frequency of the working member 91.2 and the natural frequency of the additional working member 91.1 achieve the "resonance frequency", their oscillation amplitudes will be inconsiderably reduced, wherein the oscillation amplitude of the working member 91.2 will be substantially equal to the oscillation amplitude of the additional working member 91.1.
In order to provide stable operation of the oscillation exciter of Fig. 9, it is requited for the force potential of the working member 91.2 and the force potential of the additional working member
91.1 to provide maximal pressure surges exceeding by many times threshold values of elastic stresses of the processable material such that the growth rate of pressure of the working member
91.2 or the additional working member 91.1 onto the processable material would exceed by many times the elastic reaction growth rate of this processable material, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the processable material, when the working member 91.2 stops or the additional working member 91.1 stops prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, the processable material may be converted in the processing area into a liquid or even a gas. It should be also noted that a portion of the processable material, the portion entering the processing area of the working member 91.2, may further enter the processing area of the additional working member 91.1, thereby increasing a processing degree of such material and, correspondingly, increasing operation efficiency of such oscillation exciter. Furthermore, that fact that the housing 97 of the exciter is partially enveloped by the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 on the outer side of the housing improves sinking ability of such oscillation exciter 90 when using it for boring or performing sinking operations, since a portion of the processable material coming out of the processing area defined by the outer portion of the working member 91.2 is further processed in the processing area defined by the outer portion of the additional working member 91.1 as a result of action of the outer portion of the working member 91.2 on the material or a result of mutual interaction of the objects in the processable material, thereby preventing hanging of the housing 97 of the exciter when it is used for the above-mentioned purpose and, in addition, improving processing degree of the processable material.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9.
Fig. 10 shows further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 100 shown in Fig. 10 comprises a housing 107 enclosing a working member 101.2 partially arranged in a cavity 106.2 and provided with elastic rings 104.2, and an additional working member 101.1 partially arranged in a cavity 106.1 and provided with elastic rings 104.1, and a solenoid 103.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 101.1, and a solenoid 103.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 101.2, wherein the housing 107 is further provided with a partition 105, and the cavity 106.1 of the housing 107 of the exciter comprises cavities 109.2, 109.4; the solenoids 103.1, 103.2, the working member 101.2 and the additional working member 101.1 are arranged on the central axis 108 of symmetry.
The structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10 differs from the structure of the embodiment of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 in that, in the oscillation exciter 100, the solenoid 103.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member
101.1 for oscillation thereof is mounted in the cavity 109.3 of the housing 107 of the exciter such that it applies a force to a portion of the internal side of the additional working member 101.1, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing 107 of the exciter or distal from the partition 105, wherein the solenoid 103.2 periodically applying a force to the working member
101.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 103.1 are arranged at equal distance from the mass center of the working member 101.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 101.1. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10 controls the solenoid 103.1 and the solenoid 103.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 101.1 and the working member 101.2, respectively; it is requited for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 103.1 to the additional working member 101.1 to be equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 103.2 to the working member 101.2.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10 will maximally balance the working member 101.2 and the additional working member 101.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10.
Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention for processing materials, particularly, for grinding or milling solid materials such as earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes and the like in a dry medium, as well as for piercing and cutting materials, tunnel boring, building trenches, channels and excavations by compaction of soil, formation, stones, and the like.
The oscillation exciter 110 shown in Fig. 11 comprises a housing 117 enclosing a working member 111.2 partially arranged in a cavity 116.2 and provided with elastic rings 114.2, and an additional working member 111.1 partially arranged in a cavity 116.1 and provided with elastic rings 114.1, and a solenoid 113.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 111.1, and a solenoid 113.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 111.2, wherein the housing 117 is further provided with a partition 115, the cavity 116.1 of the housing 117 of the exciter comprises cavities 119.2, 119.4; the solenoids 113.1, 113.2, and the working member 111.2 and the additional working member 111.1 are arranged on the central axis 118 of symmetry.
The structure of the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9, but has some differences therefrom and some features as described below.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11.
In the oscillation exciter 110 shown in Fig. 11 the solenoid 113.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 111.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 113.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 111.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 111.2 and the additional working member 111.1, respectively; the solenoid 113.2 and the solenoid 113.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing 117 of the exciter or of the partition 115. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 controls the solenoid 113.1 and the solenoid 113.2 such that they operate in-phase and, thus, substantially simultaneously apply periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 111.1 and the working member 111.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 113.1 to the additional working member 111.1 to be also equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 113.2 to the working member 111.2.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 will maximally balance the working member 111.2 and the additional working member 111.1. In an embodiment of the present invention the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11 may comprise two solenoids 113.1 or another even number of the solenoids 113.1 integrated into the additional working member 111.1 and two solenoids 113.2 or another even number of the solenoids 113.2 integrated into the working member 111.2, wherein each of the solenoids 113.1 is symmetrically arranged to one of the solenoids 113.2, and said symmetrical solenoids are arranged at equal distance from the central axis 118 (i.e. arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis 118).
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 110 of Fig. 11.
Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of the oscillation exciter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
The oscillation exciter 120 shown in Fig. 12 comprises a housing 127 enclosing a working member 121.2 partially arranged in a cavity 126.2 and provided with elastic rings 124.2, and an additional working member 121.1 partially arranged in a cavity 126.1 and provided with elastic rings 124.1, and a solenoid 123.1 configured to apply impulse excitation to the additional working member 121.1, and a solenoid 123.2 configured to apply impulse excitation to the working member 121.2, wherein the housing 127 is further provided with a partition 125, the cavity 126.1 of the housing 127 of the exciter comprises cavities 129.2, 129.4; the solenoids 123.1, 123.2, the working member 121.2 and the additional working member 121.1 are arranged on the central axis 128 of symmetry.
The structure of the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12 is generally similar to the structure of the oscillation exciter 100 of Fig. 10, but has some differences therefrom and some features as described below.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12.
In the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12 the solenoid 123.2 periodically applying a force to the working member 121.2 for oscillation thereof and the solenoid 123.1 periodically applying a force to the additional working member 121.1 for oscillation thereof are integrated into the working member 121.2 and the additional working member 121.1, respectively; the solenoid 123.2 and the solenoid 123.1 are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working member 121.2 and the mass center of the additional working member 121.1. The control circuit (not shown) in the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12 controls the solenoid 123.1 and the solenoid 123.2 such that they operate out of phase and, thus, apply substantially successive periodic impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the additional working member 121.1 and the working member 121.2, respectively; it is required for the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 123.1 to the additional working member 121.1 to be also equal to the power of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid 123.2 to the working member 121.2.
The above-described features of the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12 will maximally balance the working member 121.2 and the additional working member 121.1.
It should be noted that in some cases, if applicable, the above-described various embodiments of the oscillation exciter 10 of Fig. 1 and of the oscillation exciter 90 of Fig. 9 should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter 120 of Fig. 12.
The oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention comprises a housing, and one or more working members oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of one or more elastic elements, and one or more solenoids mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said working members to oscillate the working members, and one or more additional working members oscillatably mounted in the housing on one or more elastic elements, and one or more additional solenoids mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said additional working members to oscillate the additional working members, and a working zone formed in the housing between said working members such that the working zone is capable of feeding a substance thereto; wherein said working members are configured to act on said substance in the working zone. The oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention performs work on constrained mechanical transportation of masses of materials of various types in the closed working zone and it may be used to create a processing device for processing a material (for example, for grinding material of in a dry or liquid medium, rolling plastic materials, forging plastic materials or the like), a mixing device for mixing materials, as well as to create a pumping device for pumping a liquid medium or a liquid material. The structure of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, as well as operation principles thereof, are described hereafter by the example of the processing device for processing a material, the device implemented as a material grinder. It should be noted that in cases, if applicable, the embodiments of the material grinder should be also considered as embodiments of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention. Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of the material grinder according to the present invention to grind or mill crisp materials, particularly, earth's formations, minerals, solid wastes, production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and the like in a dry medium.
The material grinder of fig. 14 comprises a cylindrical housing 1 made of a rigid material and having a cylindrical cavity. The housing 1 is provided with an inlet 2 configured to feed a material 4 to be grinded therethrough into the housing 1 of the grinder and an outlet 3 configured to discharge the grinded material 5 therethrough from the housing 1 of the grinder, wherein the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 are respectively made in the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 such that these openings are arranged opposite to each other on the common central axis 131, wherein the inlet 2 diameter is greater than the outlet 3 diameter.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, each of the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 made in the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is controllably openable and closeable, thereby providing a hermetical sealing.
A working member 133.1 adapted to comprise an acting portion 6.1 and a working member 133.2 adapted to comprise an acting portion 6.2 are mounted in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1, wherein each of the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 is equally trapezoid -shaped in the vertical section made along the central axis 131. The working members 133.1, 133.2 are made substantially identical (it means that they have identical structure and identical parameters) and mounted in the cavity of the housing 1 such that identical acting portions 6.1, 6.2 thereof are faced to each other and arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis 131, thereby forming the working zone 7 therebetween, the working zone 7 being used for grinding the grindable material 4 therein. Therefore, the acting portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the acting portion 6.2 of the working member 133.2 are arranged in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the working zone 7 along the length of the elongated housing 1.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinder may be arranged on sides opposite to the working zone 7 non- symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and to the working zone 7.
The working zone 7 is arranged with respect to the inlet 2 such that the grindable material 4 fed to the housing 1 through the inlet 2 enters the working zone 7 under gravity, wherein the fed grindable material 4 is grinded by mechanical action of the acting portion 6.1 thereon from one side and mechanical action of the acting portion 6.2 thereon from another opposite side. The working zone 7 is also arranged with respect to the outlet 3 such that the grinded material 5 comes from the working zone 7 under gravity to the outlet 3. Meanwhile, the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 are oriented with respect to the central axis 131 such that the working zone 7 narrows down along the axis 131 from the inlet 2 towards the outlet 3 when viewed from the vertical section made along the central line 131, wherein the material which achieved the required grinding degree, i.e. the grinded material 5, is discharged from the narrowest portion of the working zone 7 and further discharged from the housing 1 through the outlet 3. Therefore, the grindable material 4 entering the working zone 7 is retained in the working zone 7 by means of the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 during a certain time period until the grinding degree of at least portion of this material 4 achieves a certain value, thereby allowing the grinded material 5 to be discharged from the working zone 7.
The working members 133.1, 133.2 are arranged on the common central axis 132 which is perpendicular to the central axis 131, wherein each of these working members 133.1, 133.2 are provided with elastic elements realized in the form of identical elastic rings made of spring steel, the elastic rings being arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7. The working member 133.1 is provided with 5 elastic rings 8.1, while the working member 133.2 is provided with 5 elastic rings 8.2, wherein the elastic rings (8.1 and 8.2) are made identical (i.e. it means that they have identical structures and identical parameters), and each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and an elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 corresponding thereto are arranged in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7.
The elastic rings 8.1 are rigidly fastened on the working member 133.1, and the elastic rings 8.2 are rigidly fastened on the working member 133.2 such that each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 has a fixed position in the cavity of the housing 1, wherein the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 cause oscillation of the working member 133.1 and of the working member 133.2 respectively when an external force is applied to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. Each two adjacent elastic rings of the five elastic rings 8.1 or of the five elastic rings 8.2 are separated from each other by steel spacers (not shown) such that the elastic rings 8.1 or the elastic rings 8.2 are arranged at the equal distance from each other along the length of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be tightly seated on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be sealably arranged on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In a further embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be welded to a corresponding one of the sections of the outer side of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively. In another embodiment of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be integral with the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
Each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are also rigidly fastened to the corresponding one of the portions of the elongated wall of the housing 1 at the inner side of the wall.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be sealably fastened to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated mesh of the cylindrical housing 1 at the inner side of the wall. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be welded to a corresponding one of the portions of the elongated mesh of the cylindrical housing 1 at the inner side of the wall. In some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be integral with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be provided with at least three elastic rings rigidly fastened on the corresponding working member, tightly seated thereon or sealably arranged thereon such that at least a portion of these elastic rings is arranged along the central axis 132 on a predetermined distance with respect to each other. In another embodiment of the present invention, each of the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 may be tightly pressed in the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1 to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 from the inner side of the wall such that each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 are sealably separated from the another elastic ring of the elastic ring 8.1 that is adjacent thereto, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween, while each elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 are sealably separated from the another elastic ring of the elastic ring 8.2 that is adjacent thereto, thereby forming a sealed space therebetween.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14 may be pre-compressed from the outer side, particularly from the outer side of the elongated wall of this housing 1, by using outer steel pull -rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this material grinder.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 may be pre-compressed by using inner steel pull-rods or ropes, thereby preventing surges of tensile stress during operation of this material grinder. In further embodiments of the present invention, adjoining surfaces of the structural components in the material grinder may be pre-compressed by using "self-braking wedges", thereby providing hermeticity and integrity of the whole structure of this material grinder.
The working member 133.1 in combination with the elastic rings 8.1 rigidly fastened on this working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 in combination with the elastic rings 8.2 rigidly fastened on this working member 133.2 represent two separate identical mass-elastic systems (i.e., they have identical configuration and parameters) arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7 and having substantially equal values of natural frequency to be predetermined by means of known devices for determining natural frequency. A reduced mass of the working member 133.1 or a reduced mass of the working member 133.2 will provide an increased natural frequency of the corresponding one of these mass-elastic systems.
The material grinder of Fig. 14 further comprises two solenoids 9.1, 9.2 made identical (i.e., they have identical structure and identical parameters), wherein each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 are fastened on the corresponding short wall of the housing 1 such that they are arranged on the central axis 132 and located in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the central axis 131 and to the working zone 7.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material grinder may comprise more than two working members oscillatably mounted in the housing 1. In another embodiment of the present invention, the material grinder of Fig. 14 may comprise even number of the working members, for example, four, six, eight, ten, etc. working members mounted in the housing 1 in pairs such that the working members of each pair are arranged on opposite sides with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7 and symmetrically thereto, i.e. all the working members form two, three, four, five, etc. similar pairs of the working members, respectively.
As shown in Fig. 14, the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 rigidly fixed with the elongated wall of the housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and rigidly secured on one of the ends of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the end being the distal one with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, limit the corresponding portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1 forming cavities 135.1, 135.2 where the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are respectively located. Therefore, each of the cavities 135.1, 135.2 formed in the housing 1 are limited by one of the opposite short walls of the housing 1, the corresponding portion of the elongated wall of the housing 1, the wall adjoining to said short wall directly, and the corresponding one of the above-described outermost elastic rings.
In other embodiments of the present invention where the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are sealably secured to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and sealably fastened on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and the outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 which are fastened on one of the ends of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the end being distal with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, will provide hermetization of the cavity 135.1 and the cavity 135.2 formed in the housing 1, respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a vacuum is created in the hermetical cavities 135.1, 135.2 where the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 are arranged.
As shown in Fig. 14, another outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and another outermost elastic rings of the elastic rings 8.2 which are rigidly fixed with the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and which are rigidly fastened on another end of the working member 133.1 and of the working member 133.2 respectively, the end being the closest one with respect to the central axis 133 and to the working zone 7, limit the portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1, thereby forming a central cavity 134 where the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located.
In other embodiments of the present invention where the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2 are sealably secured to the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1 on the inner side of the wall and sealably fastened on the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 respectively, another outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.1 and another outermost elastic ring of the elastic rings 8.2 fastened on one of ends of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, the end being the closest one with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, provide hermetization of the central cavity 134 formed in the housing 1.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 may be configured to be closed to provide hermetization thereof, thereby providing hermetization of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1 where the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located, on the side of the elongated wall of the cylindrical housing 1.
The solenoid 9.1 comprises a actuator (not shown), a stator (not shown) attached to the solenoid, and a lifter 130.1 connected to the stator by means of elastic elements realized in the form of tension-compression springs and configured to engage with the working member 133.1, wherein a movable solenoid plunger is attached to the lifter and pre-inserted into the solenoid at a predetermined gap. The solenoid 9.2 has a structure identical to the above-described structure of the solenoid 9.1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may comprise a actuator, a stator attached to the actuator, and a lifter inserted into the actuator at a predetermined gap to cause free oscillation and connected to the working member 133.1 or the working member 133.2, respectively.
In a further an embodiment of the present invention, the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be realized in the form of a actuator arranged within the closed stator, i.e., without using the lifter and the gap in the structure of each of these solenoids 9.1, 9.2 as shown in Fig. 17. Meanwhile, in this embodiment of the present invention, the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are fastened within the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 made of a ferromagnetic material such that they are located in the corresponding end portions of the working members 133.1, 133.2, the portions being distal with respect to the working zone 7 and the central axis 131 and being symmetrical with respect to them. Impulse operation nature of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder will cause creation of internal pressure and internal expansion surges in the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, thereby providing swinging or oscillation of these working members 133.1, 133.2.
Therefore, the solenoid 9.1 and the solenoid 9.2 are mounted in the housing 1 of the material grinder in the cavity 135.1 and the cavity 135.2 of the housing 1, respectively, and adapted to periodically apply a force to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 by means of impulse excitation of the lifter 130.1 of the solenoid 9.1 and the lifter (130.2) of the solenoid 9.2 to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, to cause oscillation of the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively.
The material grinder shown in Fig. 14 further comprises a control circuit (not shown) connected to each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2.
The control circuit (not shown) used in the material grinder of Fig. 14 comprises a power supply connected to an industrial frequency current power supply and comprising a voltage regulator to automatically maintain a given electric current intensity in a loop of the control circuit when a load intensity in the supply line is changed, and comprises one of known current rectification circuits realized, for example, in the form of a one-half-period diode bridge to provide one-half- period rectification of the regulated alternating electrical current being a sinusoidal harmonic signal (i.e. a harmonic signal changing an amplitude and a polarity thereof in a sinusoidal manner) having positive and negative half periods (positive and negative half -waves). The one- half -period diode bridge of the control circuit of the material grinder shown in Fig. 14 "cuts off the negative half-wave of the input sinusoidal signal. Furthermore, the control circuit also comprises a contact breaker which provides breaking of the rectified current to obtain given current impulses having required frequency and duration parameters.
The above-described control circuit provides output of the above-mentioned impulses of a certain frequency to both of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to control operation thereof such that they substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration and frequency to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively; wherein the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1. 9.2 are two times less than the predetermined natural period of any of the above-described mass-elastic systems.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be three, four, five and more times less than the pre-determined natural period of any of the above-described mass-elastic systems, thereby reducing a parasitic energy loss in the mass-elastic systems and solenoids in certain operation modes of the material grinder and, therefore, increasing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the material grinder.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder may be less than the pre-determined natural period of one of the above-described mass-elastic systems.
In other embodiments of the present invention, two or more solenoids 9.1 and two or more solenoids 9.2 may be arranged in the cavity 135.1 and in the cavity 135.2 of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14, wherein each of the solenoids is configured to apply a force to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2, respectively, at a periodicity controllable by the above-described control circuit connected to all of these solenoids 9.1 and all of these solenoids 9.2.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material grinder may comprise two or more working members 133.1 and two or more working members 133.2, and two or more solenoids 9.1 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of said working members 133.1, and two or more solenoids 9.2 each configured to periodically apply a force to at least one of said working members 133.2. In some embodiments of the present invention, an inlet 2 and an outlet 3 may be made in opposite short walls of the elongated housing 1 of the material grinder, respectively, wherein the mass of the material grinded in the working zone 7 up to a required grinding degree is discharged therefrom by replacing said mass with a new mass of the grindable material fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 by using feeding means known in the prior art.
It should be noted that due to the fact that the structure of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is configured generally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 131 and the working zone 7, there are no unbalanced vibrations and oscillations in structural assemblies and components of grinder (i.e. the material grinder of Fig. 14 is a balanced system), thereby providing an increased reliability and a life span of the structural components of such material grinder, particularly the working members 133.1, 133.2 thereof, and generally the entire material grinder, and avoiding a necessity to increase the mass of the material grinder and/or secure attachment thereof to the ground or fixation on a foundation to provide stable operation of the grinder.
To use the material grinder shown in Fig. 14 it is required to connect the material grinder to the power supply line, so that the control circuit of this grinder produces and delivers impulses having a certain frequency and a duration to the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to initiate a magnetic field in a coil of the corresponding solenoid, the field interacting with a movable solenoid plunger, thereby causing creation of a tractive force retracting the movable plunger into the solenoid. Retraction of the movable plunger into the solenoid provides pulling the lifter 130.1 to the stator to cause deformation of the tension-compression springs. However, when the current supplied to the solenoid 9.1 and, thus, the tractive force are equal to zero, the tension-compression springs push the lifter 130.1 back from the stator which, therefore, periodically apply a force to the corresponding working member of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinder. Therefore, the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 controlled by the control circuit apply periodic impulse excitation, as illustrated in Fig. 15 by means of a curve A2, to the working member 133.1 and the working member 133.2 by means of the lifters 130.1, 130.2, respectively, substantially in simultaneous manner. Meanwhile, the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 and the control circuit are defined such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by each of these solenoids 9.1, 9.2 is two times less than the pre-determined natural period Tc of any of the working members 133.1, 133.2.
The solenoids 9.1, 9.2 cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinder, wherein in the "idle mode» where the material to be grinded is not yet fed to the working zone 7, each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will oscillate, as illustrated in Fig. 15 by means of a curve A3, at a natural frequency corresponding to the "near resonance frequency" and exceeding the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2. Meanwhile, excess of the natural frequency in the "working mode" over the natural frequency in the "idle mode" is determined depending on the mass of the material 4 to be grinded in the working zone 7. In the "working mode» where the material 4 to be grinded is fed to the working zone 7, the mass of the fed material joins to the working mass of the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will oscillate, as illustrated in Fig. 15 by means of a curve A3, and the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will be reduced from the "near-resonance frequency" up to "resonance frequency" as the working zone 7 is filled with the material to be grinded, and then will achieve the "resonance frequency" (i.e. the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will be equal to the forced oscillation frequency defined by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 of the material grinder) provided the working zone 7 is fully filled with the material 4 to be grinded, i.e. when the working zone 7 is "overloaded". Meanwhile, when natural frequencies of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieve the "resonance frequency", the oscillation amplitude of the working members 133.1, 133.2 will be inconsiderably reduced by AL and ALl, and a phase shift by AT (as shown in Figs. 15 and 16) will take place.
Fig. 16 shows a graph illustrating a wave movement model in any of the above-described mass- elastic systems of the material grinder operating in the "idle mode" and the "working mode", under action of the coercive force provided by the corresponding one of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to said mass-elastic system, as well as in the absence of the action of said coercive force by the corresponding one of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 to said mass-elastic system (free oscillations) to evaluate a ratio between force potential energy (basic tone energy) and energy consumed to produce work and compensate overhead of the material grinder (1st overtone energy). In Fig. 16, the curve B l illustrates a vibrowave process of the mass-elastic system of the material grinder of Fig. 14 which operates in the "idle mode» where the working members 133.1, 133.2 oscillate at a natural frequency corresponding to the "near oscillation frequency", and the curve B2 illustrates a vibrowave process of this mass-elastic system of the material grinder of Fig. 14 which operates in the "working mode» where the working zone 7 is overloaded, when the natural frequency corresponds to the "resonance frequency". According to the Fourier theorem, every periodic oscillation having a period T can be thought as sum of harmonic oscillations with periods being T, T/2, T/3 etc., i.e. at a frequency f, 2f, 3f, 4f, etc. Meanwhile, the periodic impulse excitation of the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 at a period T onto the corresponding mass-elastic system of the material grinder corresponds to the simultaneous action of harmonic forces with frequencies divisible by the most powerful (lowest) frequency f = 1/T, i.e. f, 2f, 3f, 4f etc. In the material grinder of Fig. 14, the first overtone energy (2f), the second overtone energy (3f), the third overtone energy (4f), etc. are used to produce work, wherein the basic tone energy (f; first harmonic) is not consumed and serves as a high potential, and all harmonics are excited and maintained by the solenoids 9.1, 9.2.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the control circuit may control the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 such that the impulse excitation frequency of each of these solenoids equals to the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 counted for the working zone 7 being overloaded, when the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieves the "resonance frequency".
Also, there is a possible variant where the control circuit controls the solenoids 9.1, 9.2 such that the impulse excitation frequency of each of these solenoids is integer number of times less than the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 counted when the working zone 7 is overloaded, and when the natural frequency of the working members 133.1, 133.2 achieves the "resonance frequency".
The mandatory condition for stable operation of the material grinder of Fig. 14 is in that the force potential of each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 has to provide maximal pressure surges exceeding threshold values of elastic stresses of the grindable material 4 by many times such that the growth rate of pressure of each of the working members 133.1, 133.2 onto the grindable material would exceed the elastic reaction growth rate of the grindable material by many times, and the pressure drop rate, correspondingly, would exceed the elastic reaction appearance rate of the material to be grinded when the working members 133.1, 133.2 are stopped prior to the next operation cycle. Therefore, depending on parameters of the material grinder of Fig. 14, the material 4 to be grinded may be converted in the working zone 7 into a liquid or even a gas.
The grindable material 4 fed through the inlet 2 enters the working zone 7 under gravity, wherein the mass of the grindable material 4 is transported both downwardly from the entry of the working zone 7 to the exit thereof due to action of the gravity forces and transported horizontally due to oscillating working members 133.1, 133.2 acting from two sides on this mass of the grindable material 4, i.e. the entire material fed into the working zone 7 constantly moves and engages with adjacent portions or objects forming this material. In other words, material located in the working zone 7 is grinded not only in the area adjoining to the working surfaces of the working members 133.1, 133.2 that directly engage with the grindable material, but also as a result of forcing portions and objects forming the grindable material into each other, their friction against each other and/or their mutual collision with each other.
There is a complex stepped movement of the ass of the grindable material, and a new mass of the grindable material 4 fed through the inlet 2 replaces the mass of the material grinded up to a required grinding degree and discharged from the working zone 7 to further discharge the material grinder from the housing 1 through the outlet 3.
Therefore, oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the material grinded at the above-described "resonance frequency" cause creation of powerful pressure and expansion surges in the working zone 7 to which the grindable material 4 is fed, thereby providing high- efficiency grinding or milling of the material in the working zone 7 with a simultaneous consumption of a relatively small amount of energy to provide operation capacity of the material grinder according to the present invention. In other words, the working zone 7 is a closed space in the central portion of the inner cavity of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 14, wherein the material to be grinded is under constant pressure of a weight of a vertical shaft thereof and under action of a forced pressure acted on two sides by the working members 133.1, 133.2, thereby resulting in provision high concentration of crushing energy in the working zone 7 which may be raised up to an explosion energy degree.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be secured in the cavity of the housing 1 such that they are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 132, resulting in that the grinding force acting on the grindable material in the working zone 7 is generally perpendicular to the surface of particles of the grindable material, so that grinding of this grindable material is provided by squashing. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be fixed in the cavity of the housing 1 such that they are arranged in parallel to the central axis 132, resulting in that the grinding force acting on the grindable material in the working zone 7 is generally directed tangentially to the surface of particles of the grindable material, so that grinding of this grindable material is provided by galling or milling. In other embodiments of the present invention, the working members 133.1, 133.2 may be secured in various intermediate positions between the position where they are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the central axis 132 and the position where they are arranged in parallel to the central axis 132, so that grinding of the grindable material in the working zone 7 is provided by complex milling, i.e. simultaneously by means of squashing which dominates when the working members 133.1, 133.2 are oriented closer to the position where they are perpendicular to the central axis 132 and by means of galling/milling which dominates when the working members 133.1, 133.2 are oriented closer to the position where they are parallel to the central axis 132. The above-described embodiments of the working members may be used to provide the most efficient grinding of materials of various types.
According to the above-mentioned description of the structure and operation principles of the material grinder of Fig. 14, this material grinder is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the material 4 to be grinded to the working zone 7 therethrough; the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they allow the fed material to be grinded in the working zone 7 and the grinded material to be discharged from the working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the grinded material discharged from the working zone 7.
In one of alternative embodiments of the present invention, the processing device for processing a material may be implemented in the form of a material grinder for grinding solid and soft materials, particularly, solid and soft materials of a plant or organic nature, such as cellulose, as well as for grinding production wastes, building wastes, household wastes, and/or the like, in a liquid medium. Embodiment of the processing device according to the present invention implemented in the form of the material grinder for grinding a material in a liquid medium is shown in Fig. 18. Generally, the material grinder of Fig. 18 has the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14. To grind the material in a liquid medium, the liquid medium, for example, water, is fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 of the material grinder of Fig. 17, and the fed liquid medium is mixed with the grindable material 4 fed to the working zone 7. The liquid medium is fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more feeding sockets provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust the fed liquid medium flow. During the operation process of the material grinder of Fig. 18, oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 at the "resonance frequency" will cause pressing of the liquid medium into microfissures of the grindable material 4 located in the working zone 7 in case of a hard pressure surge, as well as rupture of this grindable material 4 from the inside in case of a hard expansion surge. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the liquid medium may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding the grindable material 4 thereto through a special opening for feeding the liquid medium made in the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18 may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located. In some embodiments of the present invention, the inlet 2 of the housing of the material grinder of Fig. 18 may be configured to be sealably opened and closed in a periodic manner respectively to perform a step of grinding the grindable material 4 in the working zone 7 in the liquid medium and to feed a new volume of the material 7 to be grinded and/or the liquid medium to the working zone 7 to further perform a new grinding step, and the outlet 3 also may be configured to be sealably opened and closed in a periodic manner respectively to perform a step of grinding the material 4 to be grinded in the working zone 7 in the liquid medium and to discharge the grinded material 5 mixed with a rest of the liquid medium (a portion of the liquid medium that has not been pressed into the grindable material) from the working zone 7 and, correspondingly, from the housing 1 of the material grinder of Fig. 18.
Therefore, according to the above-mentioned description of the structure and operation principles of the material grinder of Fig. 18, this material grinder is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and with the elastic rings 8.2 respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the material 4 to be grinded and the liquid medium to the working zone 7 therethrough, wherein the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause grinding of the fed grindable material in the working zone 7 by pressing the fed liquid medium thereto and discharging the grinded material from this working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the grinded material discharged from the working zone 7.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the processing device for processing material may be implemented in the form of a device for rolling or forging a plastic material (shown in Fig. 20) which has generally the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14 and intended to roll and forge the plastic material from a typical dimension of the inlet 2 used for feeding such plastic materials to the working zone 7 for rolling or forging thereof as a result of the above-described oscillation process of the working members 133.1, 133.2 at the "resonance frequency" up to the typical dimension of the outlet 3 through which the material processed by rolling or forging may be discharged from the housing 1 of such device. For feeding the plastic material to the outlet 3 known feeding mechanisms 139 may be used, while known receiving mechanisms 140 may be used for discharging the material processed by forging or rolling through the outlet 3. The device for rolling or forging the plastic material according to the present alternative embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 20 may be used to change the configuration, harden surfaces of metal sheets or produce foil, and the like.
Therefore, according to the above-mentioned description of the structure and operation principles of the device for rolling or forging the plastic material, this device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, and working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2; the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the plastic material 4 and the liquid medium to the working zone 7 therethrough, the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause rolling or forging of the fed plastic material in the working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the material processed by rolling or forging and discharged from the working zone 7.
In a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the above-described oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention may be used to be a basis for creation of a mixing device for mixing soft or liquid materials in a liquid medium or with other soft or liquid materials. Generally, the mixing device has the same structure as the above- described material grinder of Fig 14. The mixing device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention also may be used for mixing liquid of organic nature in water, mixing materials with water, wherein the materials typically cannot be mixed with water, for example for mixing petrochemistry products with water.
Fig. 21 shows an embodiment of the mixing device for mixing materials which is used for mixing one liquid material, two liquid materials with each o ther or three liquid materials with each other. All three materials to be mixed are fed to the working zone 7 of the mixing device through the inlet 2 in order to mix three liquid materials with each other, the materials are further mixed with each other in the working zone 7 forming a mixture of materials. It should be noted that each of the three materials to be mixed is fed to the inlet 2 by using one of three feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 respectively, each of them being provided with own adjusting intake globe valve to adjust the amount of the corresponding liquid material to be fed, wherein the feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 are connected to the elongated wall of the housing 1 of the mixing device such that a sealed cavity 143 is formed around the inlet 2 on the outer side of the elongated wall of the housing 1, the cavity receiving all three materials to be mixed from the feeding sockets 144, 145, 146 respectively for pre-mixing them with each other and from which these pre-mixed materials come through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7. During operation process of the mixing device, oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 with "resonance frequency" will provide further mixing of the pre-mixed liquid materials fed to the working zone 7 with each other in case alternate hard pressure and expansion surges occur. The resulting mixture of materials is discharged from the working zone 7 through the outlet 3 and further discharged by using a discharging socket 147 provided with an exhaust globe valve 142 used for adjusting time spent by the materials to be mixed in the working zone 7 or drain rate of the working zone 7. In other embodiments of the present invention, the housing 1 of the mixing device of Fig. 21 may be connected to four or more feeding sockets to provide feeding of four or more liquid mixable materials to the working zone 7 through the inlet 2.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the liquid mixable materials may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding of at least one of rest of liquid materials before or afterwards.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to mix materials in the liquid medium, a liquid medium mixed with soft and/or liquid materials fed to the working zone 7 is fed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 of the mixing device. The liquid medium is fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more outer feeding sockets, each of them being provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust a liquid medium flow being fed, wherein soft and/or liquid materials to be mixed with the liquid medium are also fed to the working zone 7 by using one or more outer feeding sockets, each of them being provided with an adjusting globe valve to adjust a flow of soft and/or fed liquid materials. During the operation process of the mixing device, oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 at the "resonance frequency" will cause mixing of soft and/or liquid materials with the liquid medium which are located in the working zone 7 under hard pressure and expansion surges. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the liquid medium may be fed to the working zone 7 during feeding of soft and/or liquid materials thereto through a special opening for feeding the liquid medium made in the housing 1 and/or through the inlet 2 before or afterwards.
Therefore, according to the above-mentioned description of the structure and operation principles of the mixing device for mixing materials, this mixing device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, as well as the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2, wherein the housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 configured to feed the mixable materials 4 to the working zone 7 therethrough, the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they cause mixing of the mixable material fed to the working zone 7 and discharging of the mixed material from this working zone 7, and the housing 1 is additionally provided with the outlet 3 configured to release the mixed material discharged from the working zone 7 therethrough.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the central cavity 134 of the housing 1 of the mixing device where the portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the portion of the working member 133.2 used to perform the process of mixing the materials are located and the working zone 7 formed therebetween may be pre-filled through the inlet 2 or special opening in the housing 1 intended to feed the liquid medium to the central cavity 134 with a pre-determined volume of the liquid medium used for mixing, for example, water, such that at least portion of this liquid medium is located in the working zone 7, wherein the outlet 3 is sealably closed. After feeding the pre-determined volume of soft and/or liquid materials to be mixed through the inlet 2 to the working zone 7 with the liquid medium located therein, the inlet 2 is closed so as to provide complete hermetization of the central cavity 134 with the working zone 7, the oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2 of the mixing device at the "resonance frequency" will cause mixing of the materials fed in the liquid medium. When the mixing process is completed, a resulting liquid mixture may be discharged from the housing 1 of such mixing device through the opened outlet 3 which is further closed again so as to provide hermetization thereof to start next operation cycle of the mixing device. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the mixing device may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the portion 6.1 of the working member 133.1 and the portion 6.2 of the working member 133.2 used for mixing materials, and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located such that substantially all liquid medium being fed through the inlet 2 comes to the working zone 7.
In a further alternative embodiments of the present invention, the above-described oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention may be used as a basis for creating a pumping device intended for pumping a fluid medium, particularly liquid or gaseous medium serving as a material to be pumped, for example petroleum or natural gas. Generally, the pumping device has the same structure as the above-described material grinder of Fig. 14. The working zone 7 of an embodiment of the pumping device according to the present invention is schematically shown in Fig. 19. The pumping device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention may be used to pump a liquid and/or gaseous medium serving as materials to be pumped from one portion of a pipeline to another portion of this pipeline or from pipeline to another pipeline. In this alternative embodiment, the inlet 2 of the housing 1 is provided with an intake globe valve 136 with an elastic plate 138, and the outlet 3 of the housing 1 is provided with an exhaust globe valve 137 with an elastic plate 138, and the central cavity 134 of the housing 1 where the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are formed, is hermetical. During operation of this pumping device the above-described oscillation process of the working members 133.1, 133.2 with "resonance frequency" which results in that the expansion surge in the working zone 7 will provide opening of the intake globe valve 136 and, correspondingly, of the inlet 2 (wherein the exhaust globe valve 137 and, correspondingly, the outlet 3 remain closed upon expansion surge), resulting in suction of the fluid medium to be pumped through this inlet 2 providing feeding thereof to the working zone 7. Pressure surge in the working zone 7 will cause opening of the exhaust globe valve 137 and, correspondingly, of the outlet 3 (wherein the intake globe valve 136 and, correspondingly, the inlet 2 remain opened upon pressure surge), resulting in pushing the fluid medium out of the working zone 7 providing discharging thereof from the housing 1 of such pumping device through the outlet 3. Therefore, the pumping device according to this alternative embodiment of the present invention may be used to pump gaseous and/or liquid products such as gas or petroleum over pipelines. In another embodiment of the present invention, the working zone 7 of the housing 1 of the pumping device may be sealably isolated from the rest of the central cavity 134 of the housing 1, wherein the acting portions 6.1, 6.2 and the working zone 7 formed therebetween are located.
Therefore, according to the above-mentioned description of the structure and operation principles of the pumping device for pumping a fluid medium, this pumping device is comprised of the oscillation exciter according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the exciter comprising the above-described housing 1, working members 133.1, 133.2 provided with the elastic rings 8.1 and the elastic rings 8.2, respectively, and solenoids 9.1, 9.2 mounted in the housing to cause oscillation of the working members 133.1, 133.2, and the working zone 7 formed in the housing 1 between the working members 133.1, 133.2. The housing 1 of this oscillation exciter is provided with the inlet 2 provided with the intake globe valve 136 and the outlet 3 provided with the exhaust globe valve 137, wherein the working members 133.1, 133.2 are configured such that they allow control of opening and closure of the globe valves 136, 137 to feed the fluid medium to the working zone 7 through the inlet 2 and to discharge the fluid medium through the outlet 3.

Claims

1. An oscillation exciter, comprising:
a housing;
at least one working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of at least one elastic element;
at least one solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said at least one working mass for oscillation thereof;
at least one additional working mass oscillatably mounted in the housing by means of least one additional elastic element;
at least one additional solenoid mounted in the housing and adapted to periodically apply a force to said at least one additional working mass for oscillation thereof; and
a control circuit connected to said solenoids and adapted to control operation of the solenoids; wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to said solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of these solenoids such that the forces periodically applied by the solenoids to the working masses cause oscillation of these working masses at a resonance frequency.
2. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, further comprising a working zone formed in the housing between said working masses and adapted to feed a substance thereto, wherein said working masses are configured to act on the substance in the working zone.
3. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein said working masses are arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
4. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein each of said working masses has a predetermined natural frequency.
5. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein said working masses have an identical natural frequency.
6. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is less than the natural period of the working masses.
7. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid is equal to the natural frequency of the working masses.
8. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid is two times less than the natural period of the working masses.
9. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid is three, four, five and more times less than the natural period of the working masses.
10. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver pre-determined current impulses to the solenoids to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoid is a whole number of times less than the natural frequency of the working masses.
11. The oscillation exciter according to any one of claims 6-10, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the solenoids simultaneously apply forces to the working masses.
12. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein a number of the elastic elements used for mounting the working mass thereon is equal to a number of the elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon.
13. The oscillation exciter according to claim 12, wherein the elastic elements used for mounting said working mass thereon are substantially identical to the elastic elements used for mounting the additional working mass thereon.
14. The oscillation exciter according to claim 13, wherein said working masses and corresponding elastic elements thereof are arranged symmetrically with respect to the working zone.
15. The oscillation exciter according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein each of the solenoids is mounted in a corresponding sealed cavity of the housing.
16. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein said at least elastic element and said at least one additional elastic element are each formed as an elastic ring.
17. The oscillation exciter according to claim 16, wherein the elastic rings are rigidly fastened on the corresponding working mass and rigidly secured to the inside of the housing wall.
18. The oscillation exciter according to claim 16, wherein each two adjacent elastic rings of said elastic rings are separated from each other by a spacer.
19. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the housing is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein the oscillation exciter is adapted to feed the substance serving as a material to be processed to the working zone through said inlet, the working masses are configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone causes processing of the material to be processed, and the oscillation exciter is further adapted to discharge the processed material from the working zone through said outlet.
20. The oscillation exciter according to claim 19, wherein the oscillation exciter is further adapted to feed a liquid medium to the working zone.
21. The oscillation exciter according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the working masses have a shape suitable for at least temporary retaining of the material to be processed in the working zone.
22. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein the housing is provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein
the oscillation exciter is configured to feed the substance to the working zone through said inlet, wherein at least one material to be mixed serves as the substance,
the working masses are configured such that the action on the substance in the working zone causes mixing of the material to be mixed or materials to be mixed, and
the oscillation exciter is further configured to discharge the mixed material or a mixture of materials from the working zone through said outlet.
23. The oscillation exciter according to claim 2, wherein at least one inlet provided with an intake valve and at least one outlet provided with an exhaust valve are made in the housing of the oscillation exciter, wherein
the oscillation exciter is configured to feed said substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone through said inlet,
the working masses are configured such that said action on the substance in the working zone provides alternate pressure increase and decrease in the working zone, and
the oscillation exciter is further configured to open and close said valves to feed said substance serving as a liquid medium to be pumped to the working zone under decreased pressure therein through said inlet, and to discharge the liquid medium from the working zone under increased pressure therein through said outlet.
24. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein
said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of this working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing, wherein
the weight of at least one additional working mass is greater than the weight of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of the solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass.
25. The oscillation exciter according to claim 24, wherein the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the corresponding additional working mass are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
26. The oscillation exciter according to claim 25, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon and the corresponding elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
27. The oscillation exciter according to claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the solenoid acting on the corresponding additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
28. The oscillation exciter according to claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the solenoid acting on the corresponding additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said solenoid applies force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass, respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
29. The oscillation exciter according to claim 24, wherein the housing is divided by a partition into two cavities, wherein the working mass and the corresponding working mass are mounted in different cavities of the housing, and the solenoid applying the force to said working mass and the solenoid applying the force to said additional working mass are fastened at opposite sides of the partition.
30. The oscillation exciter according to claim 24, wherein the working mass and the corresponding additional working mass are mounted on an equal number of elastic elements.
31. The oscillation exciter according to claim 30, wherein the elastic elements are elastic rings which are rigidly fastened on said working mass and said additional working mass, respectively, and rigidly secured to the wall of the housing in the corresponding cavity of the housing.
32. The oscillation exciter according to claim 24, wherein the additional working mass is configured to mount at least one weighting element thereon and/or at least one weighting element therein and to demount said weighting element.
33. The oscillation exciter according to claim 24, wherein the control circuit is adapted to control the solenoids such that they substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration to the working mass and the additional working mass, respectively.
34. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein
said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing,
said at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass, and at least one additional solenoid is integrated into at least one additional working mass,
wherein the weight of said at least one additional working mass is greater than that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass is less than that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass.
35. The oscillation exciter according to claim 34, wherein the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
36. The oscillation exciter according to claim 35, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon is symmetrically arranged to the elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic elements are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
37. The oscillation exciter according to claim 35 or claim 36, wherein the solenoid applying the force to the working mass is integrated into a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the solenoid applying the force to the additional working mass is integrated into a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
38. The oscillation exciter according to claim 35 or claim 36, wherein the solenoid acting on the working mass is integrated into a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the solenoid acting on the corresponding additional working mass is integrated into a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass, respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
39. The oscillation exciter according to claim 34, wherein the housing is divided by the partition into two cavities, wherein the working mass and the corresponding additional working mass are mounted in different cavities of the housing.
40. The oscillation exciter according to claim 34, wherein the working mass and the corresponding additional working mass are mounted on an equal number of the elastic elements.
41. The oscillation exciter according to claim 40, wherein the elastic elements are elastic rings which are rigidly fastened on said working mass and additional working mass, respectively, and rigidly secured to the wall of the housing in the corresponding cavity of the housing.
42. The oscillation exciter according to claim 34, wherein the additional working mass is configured to mount at least one weighting element thereon and/or therein and to dismount said weighting element.
43. The oscillation exciter according to claim 34, wherein the control circuit is adapted to control the solenoids such that they substantially simultaneously apply impulse excitation with the same duration to the working mass and the additional working mass, respectively.
44. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein
said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing,
said at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass,
said at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelop the outer portion of said at least one working mass,
said at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one additional working mass is equal to that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
45. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44, wherein the outer portion of the working mass and the outer portion of the additional working mass have the same contact area.
46. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44, wherein each working mass is comprised of at least two structural parts, and each additional working mass is comprised of at least one structural part.
47. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon is arranged symmetrically to the elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic elements are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
48. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44, wherein at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry are integrated into the working mass, and at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry are integrated into the additional working mass.
49. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44 or claim 48, wherein each solenoid applying the force to the working mass is integrated into a portion of the working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid applying the force to the corresponding additional working mass is integrated into a portion of this additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass, respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
50. The oscillation exciter according to claim 44 or claim 48, wherein each solenoid applying the force to the working mass is integrated into a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid applying the force to the corresponding additional working mass is integrated into a portion of this additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
51. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein
said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing,
said at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelope the outer portion of said at least one working mass,
wherein the weight of said at least one additional working mass is equal to that of said at least one working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
52. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to the working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to the corresponding additional working mass.
53. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein the outer portion of the working mass and the outer portion of the corresponding additional working mass have the same contact area.
54. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein said working masses have the same weight.
55. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein each working mass is comprised of at least two structural parts, and each additional working mass is comprised of at least one structural part.
56. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon and the corresponding elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
57. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51, wherein at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry act on the working mass, and at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry act on the additional working mass.
58. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51 or claim 57, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that the solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass, respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
59. The oscillation exciter according to claim 51 or claim 57, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that the said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that the solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
60. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein
said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing;
said at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the housing of the exciter and the outer portion of said at least one working mass,
wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
61. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein the control circuit is adapted to control the solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to the working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to the corresponding additional working mass.
62. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein the outer portion of the working mass and the outer portion of the corresponding additional working mass have the same contact area.
63. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein said working masses have the same weight.
64. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein each working mass is comprised of at least two structural parts, and each additional working mass is comprised of at least one structural part.
65. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon is arranged symmetrically to the elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic elements are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
66. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass, respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
67. The oscillation exciter according to claim 60, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
68. The oscillation exciter according to claim 1, wherein said at least one working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing,
said at least one solenoid is integrated into said at least one working mass,
said at least one additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that a portion of the additional working mass projects outwardly beyond the housing and partially envelopes the housing of the exciter and of the outer portion of said at least one working mass,
said at least one additional solenoid is integrated into said at least one additional working mass, wherein the weight of said at least one working mass is equal to that of said at least one additional working mass, and the control circuit is adapted to control operation of said solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to said at least one additional working mass.
69. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein the control circuit is adapted to control the solenoids such that the power of the impulse excitation applied to the working mass is equal to that of the impulse excitation applied to the corresponding additional working mass.
70. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein the outer portion of the working mass and the outer portion of the corresponding additional working mass have the same contact area.
71. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein said working masses have the same weight.
72. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein each working mass is comprised of at least two structural parts, and each additional working mass is comprised of at least one structural part.
73. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein each elastic element used for mounting the working mass thereon is arranged symmetrically to the elastic element used for mounting the corresponding additional working mass thereon, wherein said symmetrical elastic elements are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the housing of the exciter.
74. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry act on the working mass, and at least two solenoids arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry act on the additional working mass.
75. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being distal from the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged at the equal distance from the mass center of the working mass and the mass center of the additional working mass respectively, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate out of phase.
76. The oscillation exciter according to claim 68, wherein each solenoid acting on the working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and each corresponding solenoid acting on the additional working mass is mounted in the housing such that said each solenoid applies a force to a portion of the additional working mass, the portion being close to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, wherein said solenoids are arranged symmetrically with respect to the mass center of the housing of the exciter, and the control circuit is adapted to control said solenoids such that they operate in-phase.
77. A method of oscillation exciting, comprising:
feeding a substance to a working zone of the oscillation exciter according to any of claims 2-18, producing and delivering, by means of the control circuit, to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation of said solenoids such that the forces periodically applied to the working masses by the solenoids cause oscillation of the working masses at a resonance frequency when said working masses act on the fed substance.
78. The method according to claim 77, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is less than the natural period of the working masses.
79. The method according to claim 77, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is equal to the natural frequency of the working masses.
80. The method according to claim 77, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is two times less than the natural period of the working masses.
81. The method according to claim 77, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the duration of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is three, four, five and more times less than the natural period of the working masses.
82. The method according to claim 77, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that the frequency of the impulse excitation applied by the solenoids is a whole number of times less than the natural frequency of the working masses.
83. The method according to any of claims 78-82, wherein the control circuit is adapted to produce and deliver to the solenoids pre-determined current impulses to control operation thereof such that said solenoids simultaneously apply forces to the working masses.
PCT/RU2017/050024 2016-04-07 2017-04-06 Oscillation exciter WO2017176173A1 (en)

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RU2016113319 2016-04-07
RU2016113319A RU2664353C2 (en) 2016-04-07 2016-04-07 Vibration exciter, processing device, mixing device and pumping device therewith
RU2017103689A RU2017103689A (en) 2017-02-03 2017-02-03 Vibration Exciter (OPTIONS)
RU2017103689 2017-02-03

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