WO2017173907A1 - 一种蜂巢砌块及其应用 - Google Patents

一种蜂巢砌块及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173907A1
WO2017173907A1 PCT/CN2017/075927 CN2017075927W WO2017173907A1 WO 2017173907 A1 WO2017173907 A1 WO 2017173907A1 CN 2017075927 W CN2017075927 W CN 2017075927W WO 2017173907 A1 WO2017173907 A1 WO 2017173907A1
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Prior art keywords
block
honeycomb
blocks
retaining wall
anchor
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PCT/CN2017/075927
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张�雄
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胡凯燕
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Publication of WO2017173907A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017173907A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a honeycomb block and an application thereof.
  • the main function of the river's hard revetment is to prevent and prevent waves and stabilize the river bank.
  • hard revetment is expensive and unattractive, it is widely used for its good protection against river slopes and embankments.
  • hard revetment as an effective solution cannot be avoided in the short term (see Huang Qilong, Japanese river ecological revetment technology and its enlightenment to Shenzhen, China's rural water conservancy Hydropower, No. 10, 2009, 106-108).
  • the hard revetment of rivers mainly includes several types of mortar block revetment, cast-in-place concrete revetment, and precast concrete block revetment.
  • the blocks can be mass-produced in batches, with strict size and reliable quality, they have the advantages of convenient construction, neat masonry, good structural stability, economical cost and obvious ecological effects, and have been widely used in urban river revetment.
  • a paved slope flexible structure with prefabricated blocks as the facing unit although it is essentially a slope protection, the regular block and certain paving methods allow adjacent blocks to work together to protect the slope. It has strong adaptability to deformation and has strong overall stability. Blocks are generally interlocked or shackled to withstand the effects of power, and standardized construction of the assembly is also easy to guarantee the quality of the project.
  • the traditional hexagonal block slope is made of mortar joints.
  • holes are added on the basis of hexagonal blocks to achieve the purpose of planting.
  • artificial mortar joints are required to be fixed. Since the blocks are directly connected by mortar joints, the quality of the mortar joints affects the stability of the slope.
  • the slope protection block of the concrete structure is provided with butt joints and tongues on opposite sides of the connecting side of the adjacent blocks.
  • the hoe is matched with the sipe of the adjacent block to form a raft structure, so that the blocks are locked with each other, and the large-area forced locking anchoring of the slope-maintaining masonry is realized. Therefore, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture, durable and durable. Easy construction and other advantages.
  • the patent "an embedded ecological slope protection member” (CN20141015077.1) and “environmentally compatible prefabricated block” (CN01809196.2) are built in the bricklaying block.
  • the addition of the boss on the surface of the block achieves a slowing of the flow rate, preventing the ship from turbulent waves and eroding the soil on the slope surface, and providing a good growth environment for the plant.
  • the patent "an embedded ecological slope protection member” block is a cross-shaped structure, the limbs are connected at right angles, which tends to cause stress concentration, and the damage rate is large during the actual transportation and laying process.
  • the weight of a single block is large, and both of them have the problem of difficulty in handling when manually laid.
  • Hollow hexagonal spigot block (see CN201320085099.0, an interlocking ecological slope protection block) is connected to the hollow hexagonal block by means of a ⁇ structure to prevent mortar joints.
  • the ⁇ structure needs to occupy a certain planting space, so the planting hole rate is smaller than the original hexagonal frame.
  • the central planting hole is raised to form a boss.
  • the ecological chain slope protection block has poor effect on soil and fertilizer conservation. It is easy to cause some soil nutrient loss after the boat wave or wind wave rushing, which will affect the growth effect of grass planting.
  • the existing slope protection/revetment block has excessive weight, which makes handling and paving difficult, and greatly increases labor costs.
  • the ecological flexible retaining wall belongs to a flexible structure, has low requirements on foundation and foundation, has good ability to adapt to deformation and earthquake resistance, and has the advantages of structural safety, simple construction, economical appearance, ecological and environmental protection, etc., effectively solving the traditional retaining wall.
  • the problems of high cost and single shape provide a new way for the retaining structure to be landscaped and ecologically developed. Has broad application prospects.
  • Rong Xun block retaining wall see Rong Xun block and its application on ecological revetment, Huang Yuewen Wang Rongxun People's Yangtze River, July 2008, Vol. 39, No. 13
  • self-embedded block retaining wall See CN200710121284, an implanted retaining block
  • other ecological flexible retaining walls based on the evolution of the reinforced retaining wall panel.
  • It is a kind of reinforced earth retaining wall.
  • the panel is made of concrete blocks with the same size, shape and weight.
  • the reinforced material is made of geogrid.
  • the retaining wall works with the prefabricated panel reinforced retaining wall.
  • the self-embedded block is provided with holes in the front part of the block.
  • the plant grows in the little soil in the hole, and the water supply from the back of the wall cannot be obtained. It needs frequent watering maintenance, and the maintenance cost is relatively high.
  • the holes are arranged along the upper and lower blocks, and the soil is easily lost under the erosion of rainwater. The actual growth effect of grass planting is limited (see Zhang Yue, Yang Jie ecological retaining wall characteristics and application scope, enterprise technology and development, 2011) 24 issues).
  • Rongxun blocks pass through the vertical ecological holes that are connected to the inside and outside of the retaining wall, and the outer oblique joints formed by the upper and lower blocks along the length of the retaining wall. These vertical and external oblique seams form a three-dimensional interconnected ecological structure hole.
  • the ecological hole turns and directly connects with the soil behind the retaining wall.
  • the plant is rooted in the soil behind the wall, which is not easily affected by drought and has good growth conditions. Due to the large pores, plants such as vines, herbs, and shrubs can be planted in the ecological hole of the retaining wall (see Rongxun Block and its application on ecological revetment, Huang Yuewen, Wang Rongxun, People's Yangtze River, July 2008, Vol.
  • the honeycomb retaining wall (see CN201320034334.1, a retaining wall based on a hexagonal column block) repeatedly forms a trapezoidal section instead of the gravity retaining wall in the thickness direction.
  • a retaining wall based on a hexagonal column block repeatedly forms a trapezoidal section instead of the gravity retaining wall in the thickness direction.
  • this type of retaining wall also has an effective pore size that is too small to meet the diversity requirements of animals and plants.
  • the healthy urban river hard revetment engineering landscape refers to the establishment of an open revetment landscape ecosystem with biological habitats based on the stability of the revetment slope of the river, and keeps the system self-running and self-repairing. Plant diversity often plays a decisive role in the morphological structure of ecosystems.
  • the improvement direction of river hard revetment mainly has the following points:
  • the bank protection structure should have the function of energy dissipation and anti-shock, realize soil and fertilizer, and provide a good soil for plant growth. Matrix environment.
  • the revetment structure should have pore diversity to meet the requirements of different animals and plants for pores.
  • the pores in the revetment also need to have a mutual communication function, so that the revetment structure has a certain water permeability, and the water and nutrients necessary for plant growth are well circulated. These pores can be used as a substrate for plant growth, as well as for habitats for fish and other nearshore organisms and microorganisms. Therefore, the water permeability, the size of the pores and the porosity of the hard revetment are the key factors affecting the diversity of plants and animals (see the study of the urban revetment engineering of the rivers and rivers involved in the Wang Shu shrubs. PhD thesis of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2013 10 month).
  • the bank protection structure should have good stiffness and certain flexibility. Good rigidity to meet the requirements of the impact of flood protection and structural stability on the revetment structure, and at the same time should have a certain flexibility to adapt to the adverse effects of uneven settlement of the river bank foundation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb block and an application thereof, which has the rigidity of a rigid hard bank, a good structural stability, a good integrity, a high strength, and an impact resistance. Strong and other characteristics, while taking into account the multi-porous diversity of flexible retaining walls and the revetment structure with plant community phytosanitary effects.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a honeycomb block comprising a block of a hexagonal prism structure, the middle portion of the block vertically piercing an anchor hole, and the three sides of the block not adjacent to each other
  • the corner blocks are respectively provided, and the outer side of each corner block is provided with a card slot or a card block, and the card slot and the card block cooperate with each other.
  • At least one of the three corner blocks of the block is provided with a card slot on the outer side surface, and at least one of the corner blocks is provided with a card block corresponding to the card slot.
  • the outer sides of the three corner blocks of the block are respectively provided with card slots or are provided with blocks.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block is flush with the bottom surface of the block, and the height of the corner block is equal to the height of the block.
  • the top surface of the corner block is provided with a boss or a groove, and the boss or the groove is disposed along the radial direction of the anchor hole, and one end of the boss or the groove extends to the anchor hole.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block is flush with the bottom surface of the block body, and the height of the corner block is greater than Or less than the height of the block.
  • the top of the block is provided with a first protrusion, a middle portion of the first protrusion vertically penetrates a first mounting hole corresponding to the anchor hole, and an outer edge of the first protrusion It is flush with the outer edge of the block; the top surface of the first bump is higher than the top surface of each corner block.
  • the block, the corner block and the block are integrally formed.
  • the present invention also provides a honeycomb slope based on the above-mentioned block, the block having two blocks and one card slot is set as the first block; and the block having one card block and two card slots is set as the first block a two block, the honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of first blocks and a plurality of second blocks, wherein each first block is connected with three adjacent second blocks, and each second block and phase The three adjacent first blocks are connected, and the three first blocks and the three second blocks connected to each ring form a honeycomb frame, and each honeycomb cell has a planting hole in the middle.
  • the outer edge of the honeycomb slope protection is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers, and the middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole, and one end of the arc-shaped stopper is provided with a card slot a mating latch, the other end of the arcuate block is provided with a mounting groove matched with the block; each arc stop replaces the first block or the second block located at the outer edge of the honeycomb slope and passes The latches are connected to the corresponding card slots and are connected to the corresponding blocks through the mounting slots.
  • the invention also provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned honeycomb slope protection, comprising the following steps: Step S11. According to the design slope slope requirement, the slope foundation treatment is performed, so that the slope surface is smooth and compact, and the foundation corresponding to the design slope requirement is formed. Step S12. laying a geotextile or graded gravel on the finished foundation surface; step S13. laying a honeycomb slope protection block; step S14. paving a layer of natural soil on the surface of the honeycomb slope protection, and then planting holes and/or Or plant flowers in the anchor hole for the local climate.
  • step S13 when the slope of the slope is >1:1, an anchor is inserted in each anchor hole.
  • the present invention also provides a honeycomb retaining wall based on the above-mentioned block, which has a block having two blocks and a card slot as a first block; and a block body having one block and two card slots
  • the honeycomb retaining wall comprises a multi-layer block layer and a plurality of anchor bars; each block layer is composed of a plurality of first blocks and a plurality of second blocks, wherein each of the first blocks The block is connected to three adjacent third blocks, each second block is connected to three adjacent first blocks, and three first blocks and three second blocks are connected per ring.
  • a honeycomb frame has a planting hole in the middle of each honeycomb cell; anchor holes between any two adjacent block layers are oppositely arranged and fixed by anchor rods.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block is flush with the bottom surface of the block body, and the height of the corner block is greater than Or less than the height of the block; between the two block layers adjacent to each other, the gap between the upper corner block and the corresponding corner block constitutes the vegetation groove.
  • the block corresponding to the upper block and the lower layer are the same as the first block, or the same as the second block.
  • a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers are disposed on an outer edge of each layer of the block layer, and an anchor mounting hole is vertically penetrated in a middle portion of the arc-shaped block, and one end of the arc-shaped block is disposed with The card slot is matched with the latching teeth, and the other end of the arc-shaped stopper is provided with a mounting groove matched with the card block; each of the arc-shaped stoppers replaces the first block or the second block located at the outer edge of the block layer And connected to the corresponding card slot through the card teeth, and connected to the corresponding card block through the mounting slot.
  • the top surface of the curved block is convex upward or downward; any two upper and lower adjacent block layers, the upper curved block and the lower layer corresponding to the arc
  • the gap between the stops constitutes a notch groove.
  • a second protrusion is disposed in a middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper, and a second mounting hole corresponding to the anchor mounting hole is vertically penetrated in a middle portion of the second protrusion, and the second protrusion is The outer edge is flush with the outer edge of the middle of the arcuate stop; the top surface of the second bump is higher than the upper surface of the arcuate stop.
  • each layer of the block layer is provided with a plurality of outer baffles
  • the outer baffle plate is provided with a buckle matched with the card slot, and the outer baffles are fastened by the snap fasteners. In the corresponding card slot.
  • the unloading plate is arranged in the planting hole of the honeycomb cell, and the unloading plate is formed by splicing two semi-circular plates, and each of the semi-circular plates is provided with a plurality of through holes.
  • the invention also provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned honeycomb retaining wall, comprising the following steps: step S21. excavating a foundation forming a honeycomb retaining wall according to a design width and depth; step S22. pouring a thickness of 150 mm to 300 mm on the foundation.
  • the reinforced concrete slab is used as the foundation of the retaining wall, and the rib is reserved on the basis of the retaining wall, and the position of the rib is corresponding to the position of the anchoring hole in the center of the subsequent built masonry block; step S23. Binding 1500 mm at the rib position ⁇ 2500mm anchor rod; step S24.
  • step S25 When installing the honeycomb block to a height of 1500mm ⁇ 2500mm, continue to bind the anchor rod to extend the height of the anchor rod; step S25. Repeat step S24 until the predetermined height of the honeycomb retaining wall is reached; step S26 The anchor hole of the honeycomb block into which the anchor rod is inserted is filled with concrete; step S27. The earthwork hole formed by the honeycomb block is backfilled and compacted by the earth; step S28. According to the landscape requirement, the vertical of the honeycomb retaining wall Planting flowers or shrubs on the top and top for greening.
  • the hole structure (anchor hole, plant hole and planting groove) is evenly distributed, and the honeycomb structure saves material and is light in weight. Labor intensity is greatly reduced.
  • the top surface of the corner block is provided with a boss or a groove, which can be used as a slowing energy dissipation ridge, can effectively prevent wind and waves from rushing, and solidify and protect the fertilizer.
  • the present invention Compared with the existing retaining wall, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the honeycomb retaining wall is highly unified in terms of economy and bionics aesthetics.
  • the honeycomb retaining wall achieves the largest retaining wall section with the least amount of material, which greatly improves the anti-overturning stability of the retaining wall.
  • the retaining wall is a hollow structure, the retaining wall section and the retaining wall form can be flexibly arranged according to the bearing capacity of the foundation.
  • the retaining wall takes into account the rigidity of the rigid retaining wall and the deformation adaptability of the flexible retaining wall.
  • the horizontal force direction is a rigid structure that bears lateral earth pressure. It has a flexible structure in the vertical direction and has a good ability to adapt to uneven foundation settlement.
  • the porous structure (planting hole and planting trough) has reliable drainage and can effectively reduce the water pressure behind the wall.
  • the cross-section of the retaining wall can be adjusted in real time according to the topography and structural requirements to meet the height variation requirements of the required retaining structure.
  • the stability and economy of the bank protection structure can be achieved by repeatedly building the retaining wall block in the thickness direction of the retaining wall to increase the section size or increase the buttress or change the cross-section form of the retaining wall.
  • the undulating structure of the façade (replacement of the first block or the second block located at the outer edge of the block with an arc stop) is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also prevents the formation of pores on the revetment and the water on the revetment. Direct impact.
  • the soil in the retaining wall is no longer directly impacted by the flow of water, and can accept nutrients and water supply from rivers and river banks, ensuring the natural growth of plants without post-maintenance.
  • the pores (planting holes and planting troughs) in the retaining wall can be large or small and form different pore shapes, providing different pores for different kinds and sizes of organisms, providing aquatic organisms with a place to repel natural enemies and ensure the waterfront environment. Biodiversity.
  • a stable plant community can be formed to provide pores and sufficient soil matrix to satisfy the growth of shrubs and even trees.
  • the retaining wall is a hollow structure, which can achieve greening of the wall top, realize the natural connection between the wall and the top of the wall, and improve the ecological integrity.
  • Plane laying can be used for slope protection, and the bosses and grooves can break the waves and reduce the wind and wave.
  • the landscape has a growing demand for the color and style of the revetment structure materials, so the landscape needs can be met by changes in the external materials.
  • the bedding block is used to unify the slope protection and revetment according to the topography and geomorphology.
  • the most economical support section is flexibly selected according to the height required for the retaining structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second block in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a first block in the fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a second block in the fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb slope protection according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of an arc-shaped stopper according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 14;
  • 16 is a schematic structural view of an arc-shaped stopper in the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of an arc-shaped stopper according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb slope protection according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb retaining wall according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 21;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb retaining wall according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Figure 23;
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb retaining wall according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 25;
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 25;
  • Figure 29 is a schematic structural view of a fourth block in the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb cell in the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view showing a first bump in the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of a first block in Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
  • Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 32;
  • Figure 34 is a schematic structural view of a second bump in the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • A first block
  • b second block
  • c third block
  • d fourth block
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a honeycomb block, which comprises a block 1 of a regular hexagonal prism structure.
  • the middle portion of the block 1 vertically penetrates an anchor hole 12 , and the anchor hole 12 is vertically penetrated. It may be a straight hole.
  • the anchor hole 12 is a tapered hole (the radius of the upper end opening is larger than the radius of the lower end opening), facilitating insertion of the anchor rod 6 and preventing the anchor rod 6 from coming out of the anchor hole 12 (conical hole).
  • the three side faces of the block body 1 are not respectively provided with the corner blocks 11 (the corner blocks 11 are distributed in a "Y" shape), and the distance from the corner blocks 11 to the center of the anchor hole 12 is 150 mm, and the remaining three of the block body 1 are
  • the side faces (without the corner blocks 11) are respectively recessed inward to form an arcuate surface, and each of the six arcuate faces connected in a ring shape constitutes one planting hole 3; among the three corner blocks 11 of the block body 1, at least one corner block 11
  • the outer side surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a card block 13 which is matched with the card slot 14.
  • the card slot 14 and the card block 13 are both dovetail structures (specifically, the card slot 14 and The block 13 can be a hoe and a tongue and groove, forming a ⁇ structure.
  • the block 1 having two blocks 13 and one card slot 14 is set as the first block a; the block 1 having one block 13 and two card slots 14 is set as the second block b .
  • the block 1, the corner block 11 and the block 13 are integrally formed, which improves the overall strength of the honeycomb block.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the height of the corner block 11 is equal to the height of the block 1, and the height ranges from 150 to 300 mm.
  • the honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 in this embodiment is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the angle is The height of the block 11 is smaller than the height of the block 1. Specifically, the height of the corner block 11 ranges from 100 to 250 mm, and the height of the block 1 ranges from 150 to 300 mm.
  • the honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 in this embodiment is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the angle is The height of the block 11 is greater than the height of the block 1. Specifically, the height of the corner block 11 ranges from 150 to 300 mm, and the height of the block 1 ranges from 100 to 250 mm.
  • the planting trough 7 can not only effectively drain water, but also reduce the water pressure behind the wall, and also provide aquatic organisms with a place to repel and hide the world, and ensure the biodiversity of the waterfront environment.
  • the honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that in the embodiment, the top surface of each corner block 11 is provided with a groove 15 (for example, concave
  • the groove may have a trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical shape, each groove 15 being disposed in the radial direction of the anchor hole 12, and one end of the groove 15 extending to the anchor hole 12.
  • the honeycomb block in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment, and the difference is that in the embodiment, the top surface of each corner block 11 is provided with a boss 16 (for example, convex).
  • the cross section of the stage may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical, and each boss 16 is disposed along the radial direction of the anchor hole 12, and one end of the boss 16 extends to the anchor hole 12.
  • the boss 16 or the groove 15 can be used as the top surface of the corner block 11 is provided with a boss 16 or a groove 15 Slowing down the energy-cancellation can effectively prevent wind and waves from rushing, solidifying and protecting fertilizer, and can also play the role of breaking waves and reducing wind and wave.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a honeycomb slope protection based on the block, wherein the honeycomb slope is composed of a plurality of first blocks a and a plurality of second blocks b, wherein each of the first blocks
  • the block a is connected to three adjacent third blocks b, each of which is connected to the adjacent three first blocks a, see FIG. 12, three first blocks per ring connection
  • the block a and the three second blocks b form a honeycomb frame, and each of the honeycomb cells has a planting hole 3 in the middle thereof; and each of the anchor holes 12 is inserted with an anchor.
  • the addition of anchors can be used for steep slopes and rock slope protection.
  • each corner block 11 is provided with a boss 16 , and each of the bosses 16 is disposed along the radial direction of the anchor hole 12 , and one end of the boss 16 extends to the anchor hole 12 .
  • the honeycomb slope protection in the embodiment is basically the same as that in the sixth embodiment, and the difference is that the outer edge of the honeycomb slope protection in the embodiment is provided with a plurality of curved stoppers 2 .
  • the middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper 2 vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole 21, and one end of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is provided with a latching tooth 22 that cooperates with the card slot 14, and the other end of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is opened and blocked.
  • each curved block 2 replaces the first block a or the second block b located at the outer edge of the block layer, and is connected to the corresponding card slot 14 through the latch 22, through
  • the mounting groove 23 is connected to the corresponding block 13.
  • the height of the arcuate stopper 2 ranges from 150 to 300 mm.
  • the heights of the first block a and the second block b may be the same, which have a good wave-eliminating effect; further, the heights of the first block a and the second block b may also be different. Its wave elimination effect is better.
  • the hive slope protection can be applied to both riverbank protection and seawall protection.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned honeycomb slope protection, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S11 According to the slope requirement of the design slope, the slope foundation is treated to make the slope surface smooth and compact, and the foundation surface conforming to the design slope requirement is formed;
  • Step S12. laying a geotextile or graded gravel on the completed foundation surface
  • Step S13 Laying the honeycomb slope protection block; preferably, when the slope slope is > 1:1 (45 degree angle), an anchor bolt is inserted in each anchor hole 12, which can be used for protection of steep slopes and rock slopes. .
  • Step S14 Spread a layer of natural soil on the surface of the honeycomb slope, and then plant flowers and plants suitable for the local climate in the planting hole 3 and/or the anchor hole 12.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a honeycomb retaining wall based on the above block, the honeycomb retaining wall comprising a multi-layer block layer and a plurality of anchor rods 6; each layer block The layer is composed of a plurality of first blocks a and a plurality of second blocks b, wherein each first block a is connected to three adjacent second blocks b, each second block b and adjacent The three first blocks a are connected, and the three first blocks a and the three blocks b connected to each ring form a honeycomb frame, and each honeycomb cell has a planting hole 3 in the middle thereof;
  • the anchor holes 12 between the adjacent two block layers are oppositely disposed and fixed by the anchor rods 6.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the height of the corner block 11 is smaller than the height of the block 1; between the upper and lower adjacent block layers, the upper corner block 11 and The gap between the corresponding corner blocks 11 of the lower layer constitutes the vegetation groove 7.
  • the upper block 1 and the block 1 corresponding to the lower layer are the first block a or the second block b.
  • a plurality of outer baffles 4 are disposed on the outer edge of each of the block layers.
  • the outer baffle 4 is provided with a buckle 41 that cooperates with the card slot 14.
  • Each of the outer baffles 4 is fastened to the corresponding card by the buckle 41. In the slot 14.
  • the diversity of the color and style of the revetment structure materials is increasing day by day. Therefore, the change of the external materials can meet the needs of the landscape and save the material.
  • the unloading plate 5 is disposed in the planting hole 3 of the honeycomb cell.
  • the unloading plate 5 is formed by splicing two semi-circular plates 51, and each of the semi-circular plates 51 is provided with a plurality of through holes 52.
  • the vertical pressure of the honeycomb retaining wall can be decomposed (for example, the spacing of the unloading plate 5 is 1 meter, and the earth pressure of 5 meters can be decomposed into five 1 m earth pressures and transmitted to the bearing.
  • the unloading plate 5) improves the overall strength of the honeycomb retaining wall.
  • the honeycomb retaining wall in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the ninth embodiment, and the difference is that in the embodiment, the outer edge of each block layer is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped stoppers. 2, the middle portion of the arc-shaped stopper 2 vertically penetrates the anchor mounting hole 21, one end of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is provided with a latching tooth 22 matched with the card slot 14, and the other end of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is opened with a card
  • the block 13 is matched with the mounting groove 23; each of the curved blocks 2 replaces the first block a or the second block b located at the outer edge of the block layer, and is connected to the corresponding card slot 14 by the latching teeth 22, It is connected to the corresponding card block 13 through the mounting groove 23.
  • the curved block 2 on the outer side of the honeycomb retaining wall not only has a beautiful structure, but also forms a vortex to prevent the water flow from directly impacting the revetment and the pores thereon, and can be used for protection of large wind and wave areas and seawalls of the river.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1, and the height of the corner block 11 is less than or equal to the height of the block 1.
  • the height of the corner block 11 is equal to the height of the block 1 in the portion on the water surface, which increases the aesthetics.
  • the portion below the water surface, the height of the corner block 11 is smaller than the height of the block 1, the portion below the water surface, between the two block layers adjacent to each other, and the upper corner block 11 and the corner block 11 corresponding to the lower layer
  • the voids constitute the vegetation groove 7.
  • the top surface of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is flat or convex upward (the cross section of the protrusion may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical);
  • the portion on the water surface, the top surface of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is flat, which increases the appearance.
  • the portion below the water surface, the top surface of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is convex upward, the portion below the water surface, between the two block layers adjacent to each other, and the arc corresponding to the lower layer of the upper arc-shaped stopper 2
  • the gap between the stoppers 2 constitutes a notch groove 24.
  • the honeycomb retaining wall in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the ninth embodiment. The difference is that the bottom surface of the corner block 11 is flush with the bottom surface of the block 1 in the embodiment, and the angle is The height of the block 11 is greater than the height of the block 1.
  • the top of the arc-shaped stopper 2 is recessed downward (the cross section of the recess may be trapezoidal, semi-circular or semi-elliptical), and any two adjacent bricks are vertically adjacent. Between the block layers, the gap between the upper arcuate stop 2 and the arcuate stop 2 corresponding to the lower layer constitutes a notch groove 24.
  • the planting trough 7 and the notch trough 24 can meet the requirements of different animals and plants for pores and ensure ecological diversity. In order to provide pores and sufficient soil matrix to meet the growth of shrubs and even trees, a stable plant community is formed.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method based on the above-mentioned honeycomb retaining wall, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S21 excavating the foundation forming the honeycomb retaining wall according to the design width and depth;
  • Step S22 Casting a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 150 mm to 300 mm as a retaining wall foundation 8 on the foundation, and retaining the ribs on the retaining wall foundation 8, the position of the ribbing and the anchoring hole of the center of the subsequent built masonry block 12 Corresponding to the location;
  • Step S23 Binding the anchor rod 6 of 1500 mm to 2500 mm at the position of the rib;
  • Step S24 When installing the honeycomb block to a height of 1500 mm to 2500 mm, continue to bind the anchor rod 6 to extend the height of the anchor rod 6;
  • Step S25 Step S24 is repeated until the predetermined height of the honeycomb retaining wall is reached;
  • Step S26 The anchor hole 12 in which the honeycomb block is inserted with the anchor rod 6 is filled with concrete;
  • Step S27 Performing earthwork backfilling and compacting in the planting hole 3 formed by the honeycomb block;
  • Step S28 Planting flowers or shrubs for greening on the vertical and top surfaces of the honeycomb retaining wall according to the landscape requirements.
  • the honeycomb block in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment. The difference is that the outer side of the three corner blocks 11 of the block 1 is provided with the card slot 14 in this embodiment. Or both of the blocks 13 are provided. Specifically, the block 1 having the three blocks 13 is set as the third block c; and the block 1 having the three card slots 14 is set as the fourth block d.
  • the third block c and the fourth block d can also be spliced into a honeycomb lattice, and further spliced into a honeycomb slope protection and a honeycomb retaining wall (the splicing structure and method are the same as the first block a and the second block).
  • Block b) the splicing structure and method are the same as the first block a and the second block.
  • the arc-shaped stopper 2 when the arc-shaped stopper 2 is provided for the honeycomb slope or the honeycomb retaining wall which is spliced by the third block c and the fourth block d, the arc-shaped stopper 2 needs to be deformed.
  • the arc-shaped stoppers 2 are provided in two types, and the two ends of the first arc-shaped stoppers 2 are provided with the latching teeth 22 that cooperate with the card slots 14; the two ends of the second arc-shaped stoppers 2 are opened.
  • the latches 22 of the first curved stop 2 are matched with the slots 14 of the adjacent fourth block d; the mounting slots 23 of the second curved stop 2 are adjacent to the first
  • the blocks 13 of the three blocks c are matched.
  • the honeycomb block in the embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the first embodiment.
  • the difference is that the top of the block 1 is provided with a first bump 91 in the embodiment.
  • a first mounting hole 92 corresponding to the anchoring hole 12 is vertically penetrated in a middle portion of the first bump 91, and an outer edge of the first bump 91 is flush with an outer edge of the block 1; a top surface of the first bump 91 It is higher than the top surface of each corner block 11.
  • the first bump 91 has a regular hexagonal prism structure as a whole.
  • the bottom surface of the corner block 11 is flush with the bottom surface of the block body 1,
  • the height of the corner block 11 is equal to or smaller than the height of the block 1.
  • the outer edge of the first bump 91 is made flush with the outer edge of the block 1, and the top surface of the first bump 91 is higher than the top surface of each corner block 11.
  • honeycomb blocks can also be spliced into a honeycomb lattice, and further spliced into a honeycomb slope protection and a honeycomb retaining wall (the splicing structure and method are the same as the foregoing embodiment).
  • the arc-shaped stopper 2 in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure of the tenth embodiment.
  • the difference is that the second bump 93 is disposed in the middle of the arc-shaped stopper 2 in the embodiment.
  • the second mounting hole 94 corresponding to the anchor mounting hole 21 is vertically penetrated in the middle of the protrusion 93, and the outer edge of the second protrusion 93 is flush with the outer edge of the middle portion of the arc-shaped block 2; the second protrusion 93
  • the top surface is higher than the upper surfaces of both ends of the arcuate stopper 2.
  • the upper surface of the middle portion of the arcuate stopper 2 is flush with the upper surface of both ends of the arcuate stopper 2, or the upper surface of the middle portion of the arcuate stopper 2 is lower than the upper surface of both ends of the arcuate stopper 2.
  • the arc-shaped stopper 2 can also be spliced into a honeycomb slope protection and a honeycomb retaining wall (the splicing structure and method are the same as the foregoing embodiment). Separating the block 1 and the first bump 91 (and the body of the arc stop 2 and the second bump 93) separately can reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process.

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Abstract

一种蜂巢砌块，包括六棱柱结构的块体(1)，块体(1)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固孔(12)，且块体(1)不相邻的三个侧面分别设置有角块(11)，各角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(14)或者设置有卡块(13)，且卡槽(14)与卡块(13)相互配合。还提供了一种蜂巢护坡，一种蜂巢护坡的施工方法，一种蜂巢挡土墙及一种蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法。

Description

一种蜂巢砌块及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，具体来讲是一种蜂巢砌块及其应用。
背景技术
城市河流多为雨源型河流，水量变化大，河水暴涨暴落。城市河流往往流经城市人口密集区，是城市空间要求以及人民生命财产安全需求都较高的区域。
河流硬质护岸其主要功能是防冲防浪和稳定河岸堤坡。尽管硬质护岸造价昂贵且并不美观，但是它以可以给河流边坡和堤岸很好防护、有利行洪等特性受到广泛的应用。在保证城市土地稳定、人民生命财产安全保障目标的指引下，硬质护岸作为有效的解决方案在短期内还不能避免(参见黄奕龙，日本河流生态护岸技术及其对深圳的启示，中国农村水利水电，2009年第10期，106-108)。河流硬质护岸主要有浆砌块石护岸、现浇混凝土护岸、预制混凝土块体护岸等几种型式。因具有与河岸土体完全隔绝的结构，在一定程度上破坏了河流的自然功能。近年来随着人类环境观念的改变及对于自身生态环境的重视度越来越高，各类生态型河流护岸的研究及实践不断涌现，传统的“无生命的”河流硬质护岸也在不断地改观。例如利用生态混凝土、植草砖、石笼等与活体植物扦插结合等方法，多种多样、不一而足。
由于砌块能成批规模化生产，尺寸规则，质量可靠，故具有施工便捷，砌筑整齐、结构稳定性好，造价经济且生态效果明显等优点，在城市河流护岸中得到了广泛应用。
以预制的砌块作为护面层单元的一种铺砌式斜坡柔性结构，虽然本质上属散体护坡，但规则的块型和一定的铺筑方式，使相邻砌块可以共同作用，使护坡适应变形能力强，并具有较强的整体稳定性。砌块一般采用联锁或榫卯连接方式，抵御动力作用效果好，装配式的标准化施工也易于保证工程质量。例如：专利《一种互嵌式护坡砌块及其施工方法》(CN200710121282.0)、《连锁护坡砌块》(CN200620108648.1)、《一种连锁式护坡砌块》(CN200710121282)均公开了一种连锁护坡砌块，上述方案很好的解决了坡面稳定问题和防止了部分水土流失，但未考虑在实际运行工况下风浪冲淘作用，植生孔内土壤逐渐被掏空，固土保肥效果差，植物生长和实际覆盖率并不理想。
传统的六角块护坡采用砂浆勾缝。为解决六角块植草问题，在六角块基础上增加孔洞来达到植生目的。然而，此类砌块铺装完毕后还需要人工砂浆勾缝连接固定。由于砌块直接靠砂浆勾缝连接，砂浆勾缝的质量影响到坡面稳定性。
榫卯结构的护坡砌块在相邻砌块的连接边两侧分别设置有对接的榫头和榫槽。榫头与相邻砌块的榫槽相互对应配合，形成榫卯结构，以使砌块相互卡锁，实现对护坡砌体的大面积强制锁紧锚固，因此，具有结构简单、制造容易、坚固耐用、方便施工等优点。
针对连锁砌块存在难以防止风浪对土壤的冲淘及水土流失的问题，专利《一种嵌入式生态护坡构件》(CN20141015077.1)和《环境相容式预制块》(CN01809196.2)在砌块表面增加凸台达到减缓流速，防止船行波风成浪对坡面土壤的侵蚀，给植物提供了很好的生长环境。然而，专利《一种嵌入式生态护坡构件》砌块是十字形结构，四肢为直角连接，容易引起应力集中，在实际运输和铺设过程中破损率较大。而且，为达到理想的孔洞空间，导致单个砌块重量较大，二者均存在人工铺设时搬运困难的问题。
空心六角凸台砌块(参见CN201320085099.0，一种互锁式生态护坡砌块)在空心六角块的基础上采用榫卯结构连接起到免砂浆勾缝的作用。然而，榫卯结构需要占用一定植生空间，因此植生孔洞率反而比原本的六角框更小。为解决水土流失问题，将中央植生孔洞抬高形成凸台。虽然一定程度上解决了水土流失问题，但将中央绿化区域与砌块四周隔绝开来，难以形成整个坡面植物覆盖。
专利《三角连锁式护坡砌块》(CN201420567073.4)采用榫卯连接，但为单一的两凹一凸的榫卯方式连接，结构重复时会有一面无法相互榫卯而形成薄弱环节。
综上所述，现有护坡砌块存在以下几个缺点：
1.生态连锁护坡砌块对固土保肥效果差，在船行波或风浪冲淘下容易造成部分土壤营养物质流失，进而影响植草生长效果。
2.现有护坡/护岸砌块存在单块重量过大，造成搬运和铺砌困难，大幅增加劳动力成本。
3.现有技术只是在原有自稳定坡面前提下铺设以达到坡面防护的目的。对于比较陡的非稳定的坡面则不适用。目前比较有效的方法是采用格构式锚钉护坡。采用锚钉来保持坡面稳定。然而，格构式护坡采用现浇，在陡坡坡面施工难度较大，且需要大量的支模，成本高昂。
4.虽然江河不会产生大波浪，但在某些区域降低风浪爬高和消浪作用也不可忽视。但目前现有技术只能解决日常风浪问题，但对于某些对防护要求较高的场合显然不适用。
生态柔性挡土墙属于柔性结构，对地基、基础要求较低，具有较好的适应变形和抗震的能力，具有结构安全、施工简单、经济美观、生态环保等优点，有效解决了传统挡土墙造价高、外形单一等问题，为挡土结构向景观化、生态化发展提供了新的途径，具 有广阔的应用前景。
荣勋砌块挡土墙(参见荣勋砌块及其在生态护岸上的应用，黄岳文汪荣勋人民长江，2008年7月，第39卷第13期)和自嵌式砌块挡土墙(参见CN200710121284，一种植生型挡土块)等生态柔性挡墙依据加筋挡土墙面板演化而来。它是加筋土挡墙的一种，面板采用大小、形状、重量一致的混凝土砌块，加筋材料采用土工格栅。挡墙的工作原理同预制面板加筋挡土墙。即通过筋带与土体摩擦及筋带与面板间的拉结起到挡土作用，不同的是砌块替代混凝土面板(参见李德巍，李英华，渠元闯生态驳岸在河道治理中优劣性比较，全国排水委员会2013年年会论文集，2013,119-124)。
自嵌式砌块在砌块前部设置孔洞，植物生长在孔洞内极少的土壤中，无法得到来自墙背后的水分补给，需要经常浇水维护，后期维护成本较大。而且孔洞为沿砌块上下贯穿设置，在雨水冲刷下土壤极易流失，实际植草生长效果有限(参见张岳，杨杰生态挡土墙的特点及适用范围探析，企业科技与发展，2011年第24期)。
荣勋砌块在形成墙体时通过离缝砌筑留置挡墙内外相通的竖向生态孔洞，上、下砌块形成的沿挡墙长度方向联通的外斜缝。这些竖缝和外斜缝形成三维互通的生态结构孔洞。生态孔转折且直接与挡墙后的土体联系，植物根植于墙背的土体中，不易受干旱影响，生长条件良好。由于孔隙较大，挡墙生态孔内可以种植藤本、草本、小灌木等植物(参见荣勋砌块及其在生态护岸上的应用，黄岳文汪荣勋人民长江，2008年7月，第39卷第13期)。然而，砌块之间离缝砌筑形成的生态孔隙虽然产生了孔洞效果，但却易造成水土流失。该挡墙不适合水位落差大、渗流流速快或砂性填土，也不适应中、大型河道。对于流速较快的河流，则对挡墙背土的处理要求很高(参见程观富，混凝土砌块类挡墙应用浅析，《工程与建设》2013年第27卷第2期，250-252)。
为克服加筋柔性挡墙刚度不足问题，蜂巢挡墙(参见CN201320034334.1，一种基于六棱柱状砌块的挡墙)在厚度方向上重复形成代替重力式挡墙的梯形截面。然而，此类结构砌块结构复杂且砌块之间相互连接较弱，整体稳定性不足。此外，该类型挡墙也存在有效孔隙过小，难以满足动植物对孔隙的多样性要求。
健康的城市河流硬质护岸工程景观是指在河流的护岸边坡形态稳定基础上，建立具有生物生境的、开放的护岸景观生态系统，并保持该系统能够自我运行和自我修复。植物多样性往往对生态系统的形态结构起着决定性的作用。目前，河流硬质护岸的改进方向主要有以下几点：
1.护岸结构要具备消能防冲功能，实现固土保肥，给植物生长提供一个良好的土壤 基质环境。
2.护岸结构要具有孔隙多样性以满足不同动植物对孔隙的要求。护岸中的孔隙还需具有相互连通功能，使护岸结构具有一定的透水性，植物生长所必需的水分和养分得以较好地流通。这些孔隙既可以填土作为植物生长的基质，又可为鱼类等近岸生物及微生物提供繁衍栖息的场所。故硬质护岸其透水性、孔隙的大小及孔隙度的高低是影响动植物多样性的关键因素(参见王贞灌木介入的城市河流硬质护岸工程景观研究华中科技大学博士学位论文，2013年10月)。
3.在满足防洪排涝基本功能前提下，护岸结构应具有良好的刚度和一定的柔度。良好的刚度来满足抵御洪水的冲击及结构稳定对护岸结构的要求，同时应具有一定的柔性来适应河岸基础不均匀沉降带来的不利影响。
因此，亟需一种具有刚性硬质护岸的刚度大、结构稳定性较好、整体性好、强度较高、抗冲能力强等特点，同时又兼顾柔性挡墙多孔隙多样性且具有植物群落植生效果的护岸结构。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种蜂巢砌块及其应用，具有刚性硬质护岸的刚度大、结构稳定性较好、整体性好、强度较高、抗冲能力强等特点，同时又兼顾柔性挡墙多孔隙多样性且具有植物群落植生效果的护岸结构。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种蜂巢砌块，包括六棱柱结构的块体，所述块体的中部竖直贯穿有锚固孔，且块体不相邻的三个侧面分别设置有角块，各角块的外侧面开设有卡槽或者设置有卡块，且卡槽与卡块相互配合。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述块体的三个角块中，至少有一个角块的外侧面开设有卡槽，至少有一个角块的外侧面设置有与卡槽相配合的卡块。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述块体三个角块的外侧面均开设有卡槽或者均设置有卡块。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度等于块体的高度。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的顶面设置有凸台或者凹槽，凸台或者凹槽均沿锚固孔的径向设置，且凸台或者凹槽的一端延伸至锚固孔。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度大于 或者小于块体的高度。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述块体的顶部设置有第一凸块，该第一凸块的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固孔对应的第一安装孔，且第一凸块的外侧边沿与块体的外侧边沿平齐；第一凸块的顶面高于各角块的顶面。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述块体、角块和卡块一体成型。
本发明还提供一种基于上述砌块的蜂巢护坡，将具有两个卡块、一个卡槽的块体设为第一砌块；将具有一个卡块、两个卡槽的块体设为第二砌块，该蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块和若干第二砌块拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块与相邻的三个第二砌块连接，每个第二砌块与相邻的三个第一砌块连接，且每环形连接的三个第一砌块和三个第二砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔。
在上述技术方案的基础上，各锚固孔中对应插装有一根锚钉。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块，所述弧形挡块的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔，弧形挡块的一端设置有与卡槽相配合的卡齿，弧形挡块的另一端开设有与卡块相配合的安装槽；各弧形挡块替换掉位于该蜂巢护坡外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块，并通过卡齿与对应的卡槽连接，通过安装槽与对应的卡块连接。
本发明还提供一种基于上述蜂巢护坡的施工方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；步骤S13.铺设蜂巢护坡砌块；步骤S14.在蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔和/或锚固孔中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S13中，当边坡坡度＞1:1时，在各锚固孔中对应插装一根锚钉。
本发明还提供一种基于上述砌块的蜂巢挡土墙，将具有两个卡块、一个卡槽的块体设为第一砌块；将具有一个卡块、两个卡槽的块体设为第二砌块，该蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒；每层砌块层由若干第一砌块和若干第二砌块拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块与相邻的三个第二砌块连接，每个第二砌块与相邻的三个第一砌块连接，且每环形连接的三个第一砌块和三个第二砌块构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔相对设置，并通过锚固棒固定。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述角块的底面与块体的底面平齐，且角块的高度大于 或者小于块体的高度；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块与下层对应的角块之间的空隙构成植生槽。
在上述技术方案的基础上，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层块体与下层对应的块体同为第一砌块，或者同为第二砌块。
在上述技术方案的基础上，每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块，所述弧形挡块的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔，弧形挡块的一端设置有与卡槽相配合的卡齿，弧形挡块的另一端开设有与卡块相配合的安装槽；各弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块，并通过卡齿与对应的卡槽连接，通过安装槽与对应的卡块连接。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述弧形挡块的顶面中部向上凸起或者向下凹陷；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块与下层对应的弧形挡块之间的空隙构成缺口槽。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述弧形挡块的中部设置有第二凸块，该第二凸块的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固安装孔对应的第二安装孔，且第二凸块的外侧边沿与弧形挡块中部的外侧边沿平齐；第二凸块的顶面高于弧形挡块两端的上表面。
在上述技术方案的基础上，每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块外挂挡板，所述外挂挡板上设置有与卡槽相配合的卡扣，各外挂挡板通过卡扣卡装于对应的卡槽中。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述蜂巢格的植生孔内设置有卸荷板，该卸荷板由两块半圆板拼接而成，且每块半圆板上设置有若干通孔。
本发明还提供一种基于上述蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，包括以下步骤：步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成蜂巢挡土墙的地基；步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础，并在挡墙基础上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔的位置相对应；步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒；步骤S24.安装蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒以延长锚固棒高度；步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；步骤S26.将蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒的锚固孔用混凝土灌实；步骤S27.蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔内进行土方回填并压实；步骤S28.根据景观要求，在蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
相对于现有的护坡来说，本发明具有以下优点：
1.孔洞结构(锚固孔、植生孔和植生槽)分布均匀，蜂巢结构节省材料，重量轻， 劳动强度大大减轻。
2.角块的顶面设置有凸台或者凹槽，该凸台或者凹槽能够作为减缓消能坎，可以有效防止风浪冲淘，固土保肥。
3.增加锚钉可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
4.根据消浪要求选择砌块种类(利用弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块)，可以用于江河较大风浪区和海堤防护。
相对于现有的挡土墙来说，本发明具有以下优点：
1.仿生结构，稳定性好，成本经济——满足防洪排涝防护基本功能。
蜂巢挡墙做到了经济性和仿生学的美观性高度统一。蜂巢挡墙用最少的材料做到了最大的挡墙截面，大大提高了挡墙的抗倾覆稳定性。由于挡墙为空心结构，可根据地基承载力特点灵活布置挡墙截面和挡墙形式。挡墙兼顾硬质挡墙的刚度以及柔性挡墙的变形适应能力。在水平受力方向为刚性结构，承受侧向土压力。在竖直方向上为柔性结构，具有很好的适应基础不均匀沉降能力。多孔隙结构(植生孔和植生槽)，排水可靠，可有效降低墙后水压力。可实时根据地形地貌及结构要求来调节挡墙断面形式以适应所需支挡结构高度变化要求。通过挡墙厚度方向上重复砌筑挡墙砌块来增加断面尺寸或增加扶壁或改变挡墙断面形式来做到护岸结构稳定性、经济性。
2.消能防冲——减缓水流，保证结构安全。
外立面突出的波浪形结构(利用弧形挡块替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块或者第二砌块)不仅结构美观，还可以防止水流对护岸及其上的孔隙形成直接冲击。
3.固持土壤——固土保肥，保证植物生长。
挡墙内土壤不再承受水流直接冲击，且可以接受来自河道和河岸的营养和水分补给，可以保证植物自然生长，而无需后期维护。
4.孔隙多样——满足不同动、植物对孔隙要求，保证生态多样性。
挡墙内孔隙(植生孔和植生槽)可大可小且形成孔隙形态各异，为不同种类及大小的生物提供不同的孔隙，给水生生物提供繁衍栖息躲避天敌的场所，保证水岸环境的生物多样性。可为提供满足灌木甚至乔木生长的孔隙与足够的土壤基质，形成稳定的植物群落。
5.墙顶绿化——与墙立面垂直绿化自然衔接，保证景观效果。
挡墙为空心结构，可以做到墙顶绿化，实现墙面和墙顶绿化的自然衔接，提高生态整体性。
6.各个组件灵活组合，用途范围广——可用于风浪较大内河或海堤护坡。
平面铺设可用于护坡，凸台和凹槽可以起到破浪和降低风浪爬高作用。
7.通过外挂附件达到景观多样性需求。
景观对护岸结构材料的色彩及样式多样性要求与日俱增，因此可通过外挂材料的变化满足景观需求。
综上所述，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.根据河流岸线坡度变化多样及对相应的护岸结构护砌角度多变的特点，用蜂巢砌块将护坡护岸统一起来，按地形地貌来选择护岸砌块垂直砌筑还是斜平面铺砌；可根据支挡结构所需高度灵活选择最经济的支挡截面。
2.在构建城市河流硬质护岸工程景观时，可根据岸线形态曲折多样、蜂巢护岸材料的孔隙多样性，适当加入灌木等植物群落的营造，把水体与堤岸植被连成一体，构成一个完整的河流生态系统，为水生、两栖类及陆生动物创造丰富多样的栖息、繁殖和避难场所。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一中第二砌块的结构示意图；
图3为图1中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图4为发明实施例二中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图5为图4中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图6为发明实施例三中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图7为图6中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图8为发明实施例四中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图9为图8中B-B向的剖视图；
图10为发明实施例五中第二砌块的结构示意图；
图11为图10中B-B向的剖视图；
图12为本发明实施例中蜂巢格的结构示意图；
图13为本发明实施例六中蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例七中弧形挡块的结构示意图；
图15为图14中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图16为本发明实施例十中弧形挡块的结构示意图；
图17为图16中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图18为本发明实施例十一中弧形挡块的结构示意图；
图19为图18中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图20为本发明实施例七中蜂巢护坡的结构示意图；
图21为本发明实施例九中蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图22为图21中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图23为本发明实施例十中蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图24为图23中E-E向的转折剖视图；
图25为本发明实施例十一中蜂巢挡土墙的结构示意图；
图26为图25中D-D向的转折剖视图；
图27为图25中C-C向的转折剖视图；
图28为本发明实施例十三中第三砌块的结构示意图；
图29为本发明实施例十三中第四砌块的结构示意图；
图30为本发明实施例十三中蜂巢格的结构示意图；
图31为本发明实施例十四中第一凸块的示意图；
图32为本发明实施例十四中第一砌块的结构示意图；
图33为图32中A-A向的转折剖视图；
图34为本发明实施例十五中第二凸块的结构示意图。
附图标记：
a—第一砌块；b—第二砌块；c—第三砌块；d—第四砌块；
1—块体；11—角块；12—锚固孔；13—卡块；14—卡槽；15—凹槽；16—凸台；
2—弧形挡块；21—锚固安装孔；22—卡齿；23—安装槽；24—缺口槽；
3—植生孔；
4—外挂挡板；41—卡扣；
5—卸荷板；51—半圆板；52—通孔；
6—锚固棒；
7—植生槽；
8—挡墙基础；
91—第一凸块；92—第一安装孔；93—第二凸块；94—第二安装孔。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一
参见图1、图2和图3所示，本发明实施例提供了一种蜂巢砌块，包括正六棱柱结构的块体1，块体1的中部竖直贯穿有锚固孔12，该锚固孔12可以为直孔，优选的，该锚固孔12为锥形孔(上端开口的半径大于下端开口的半径)，便于插入锚固棒6，防止锚固棒6从锚固孔12(锥形孔)内脱出。块体1不相邻的三个侧面分别设置有角块11(各角块11呈“Y”状分布)，各角块11到锚固孔12圆心的距离均为150mm，块体1剩余的三个侧面(不具有角块11)分别向内凹陷形成弧形面，每环形相连的六个弧形面构成一个植生孔3；块体1的三个角块11中，至少有一个角块11的外侧面开设有卡槽14，至少有一个角块11的外侧面设置有与卡槽14相配合的卡块13，卡槽14和卡块13均为燕尾结构(具体的，卡槽14和卡块13可以为榫头和榫槽，形成榫卯结构)。具体的，将具有两个卡块13、一个卡槽14的块体1设为第一砌块a；将具有一个卡块13、两个卡槽14的块体1设为第二砌块b。优选的，块体1、角块11和卡块13一体成型，提高了蜂巢砌块整体的强度。
本实施例中，角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度等于块体1的高度，高度范围为150—300mm。
实施例二
参见图4和图5所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中的角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度小于块体1的高度。具体的，角块11的高度范围为100—250mm，块体1的高度范围为150—300mm。
实施例三
参见图6和图7所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中的角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度大于块体1的高度。具体的，角块11的高度范围为150—300mm，块体1的高度范围为100—250mm。
由实施例二或者实施例三的蜂巢砌块堆砌起来的蜂巢挡土墙，由于角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度大于或者小于块体1的高度；因此，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块11与下层对应的角块11之间的空隙构成植生槽7。该植生槽7不仅能够有效排水，降低墙后水压力，而且还给水生生物提供繁衍栖息躲避天地的场所，保证水岸环境的生物多样性。
实施例四
参见图8和图9所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中在各角块11的顶面设置有凹槽15(例如：凹槽的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，各凹槽15均沿锚固孔12的径向设置，且凹槽15的一端延伸至锚固孔12。
实施例五
参见图10和图11所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中在各角块11的顶面设置有凸台16(例如：凸台的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，各凸台16均沿锚固孔12的径向设置，且凸台16的一端延伸至锚固孔12。
由实施例四或者实施例五的蜂巢砌块堆砌起来的蜂巢护坡及蜂巢挡土墙，由于角块11的顶面设置有凸台16或者凹槽15，该凸台16或者凹槽15能够作为减缓消能坎，可以有效防止风浪冲淘，固土保肥，也可以起到破浪和降低风浪爬高作用。
实施例六
参见图13所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述砌块的蜂巢护坡，该蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块a和若干第二砌块b拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块a与相邻的三个第二砌块b连接，每个第二砌块b与相邻的三个第一砌块a连接，参见图12所示，每环形连接的三个第一砌块a和三个第二砌块b构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔3；各锚固孔12中对应插装有一根锚钉。增加锚钉可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
本实施例中，在各角块11的顶面设置有凸台16，各凸台16均沿锚固孔12的径向设置，且凸台16的一端延伸至锚固孔12，
实施例七
参见图14、图15和图20所示，本实施例中的蜂巢护坡与实施例六的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中的蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块2，弧形挡块2的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔21，弧形挡块2的一端设置有与卡槽14相配合的卡齿22，弧形挡块2的另一端开设有与卡块13相配合的安装槽23；各弧形挡块2替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块a或者第二砌块b，并通过卡齿22与对应的卡槽14连接，通过安装槽23与对应的卡块13连接。具体的，弧形挡块2的高度范围为150—300mm。
本实施例中，第一砌块a和第二砌块b的高度可以相同，其具有良好的消浪效果；进一步的，第一砌块a和第二砌块b的高度也可以不相同，其消浪效果更好。本实施例 的蜂巢护坡既可以适用于河堤防护，也可以适用于海堤防护。
实施例八
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述蜂巢护坡的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；
步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；
步骤S13.铺设蜂巢护坡砌块；优选的，当边坡坡度＞1:1(45度角)时，在各锚固孔12中对应插装一根锚钉，可以用于陡坡及岩石边坡防护。
步骤S14.在蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔3和/或锚固孔12中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
实施例九
参见图21和图22所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述砌块的蜂巢挡土墙，该蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒6；每层砌块层由若干第一砌块a和若干第二砌块b拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块a与相邻的三个第二砌块b连接，每个第二砌块b与相邻的三个第一砌块a连接，且每环形连接的三个第一砌块a和三个第二砌块b构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔3；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔12相对设置，并通过锚固棒6固定。
本实施例中，角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度小于块体1的高度；任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块11与下层对应的角块11之间的空隙构成植生槽7。具体的，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层块体1与下层对应的块体1同为第一砌块a，或者同为第二砌块b。
每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块外挂挡板4，外挂挡板4上设置有与卡槽14相配合的卡扣41，各外挂挡板4通过卡扣41卡装于对应的卡槽14中。景观对护岸结构材料的色彩及样式多样性要求与日俱增，因此可通过外挂材料的变化满足景观需求，起到节省材料的目的。
蜂巢格的植生孔3内设置有卸荷板5，该卸荷板5由两块半圆板51拼接而成，且每块半圆板51上设置有若干通孔52。通过设置卸荷板5，可以分解蜂巢挡土墙竖直方向的压力(例如卸荷板5的间隔是1米，可以将5米高的土压力，分解成5个1m的土压力传递到承载卸荷板5的)，提高了蜂巢挡土墙的整体强度。
实施例十
参见图23和图24所示，本实施例中的蜂巢挡土墙与实施例九的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块2，弧形挡块2的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔21，弧形挡块2的一端设置有与卡槽14相配合的卡齿22，弧形挡块2的另一端开设有与卡块13相配合的安装槽23；各弧形挡块2替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块a或者第二砌块b，并通过卡齿22与对应的卡槽14连接，通过安装槽23与对应的卡块13连接。该蜂巢挡土墙外侧的弧形挡块2不仅结构美观，还可以形成涡流，防止水流对护岸及其上的孔隙形成直接冲击，可以用于江河较大风浪区和海堤防护。
本实施例中，角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度小于或者等于块体1的高度。具体的，位于水面上的部分，角块11的高度等于块体1的高度，增加美观性。位于水面下的部分，角块11的高度小于块体1的高度，则水面下的部分，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块11与下层对应的角块11之间的空隙构成植生槽7。
参见图14、图15、图16和图17所示，弧形挡块2的顶面为平面或者中部向上凸起(该凸起的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)；具体的，位于水面上的部分，弧形挡块2的顶面为平面，增加美观性。位于水面下的部分，弧形挡块2的顶面中部向上凸起，则水面下的部分，任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块2与下层对应的弧形挡块2之间的空隙构成缺口槽24。
实施例十一
参见图25和图26所示，本实施例中的蜂巢挡土墙与实施例九的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐，且角块11的高度大于块体1的高度。
参见图18和图19所示，本实施例中弧形挡块2的顶面向下凹陷(该凹陷的截面可以呈梯形、半圆形或者半椭圆形)，则任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块2与下层对应的弧形挡块2之间的空隙构成缺口槽24。
上述植生槽7和缺口槽24能够满足不同动、植物对孔隙要求，保证生态多样性。为提供满足灌木甚至乔木生长的孔隙与足够的土壤基质，形成稳定的植物群落。
实施例十二
参见图27所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种基于上述蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成蜂巢挡土墙的地基；
步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础8，并在挡墙基础8上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔12的位置相对应；
步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒6；
步骤S24.安装蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒6以延长锚固棒6高度；
步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；
步骤S26.将蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒6的锚固孔12用混凝土灌实；
步骤S27.蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔3内进行土方回填并压实；
步骤S28.根据景观要求，在蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
实施例十三
参见图28和图29所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中块体1三个角块11的外侧面均开设有卡槽14或者均设置有卡块13。具体的，将具有三个卡块13的块体1设为第三砌块c；将具有三个卡槽14的块体1设为第四砌块d。
参见图30所示，利用第三砌块c和第四砌块d也可拼接成蜂巢格，以及进一步拼接成蜂巢护坡和蜂巢挡土墙(拼接结构及方法同第一砌块a和第二砌块b)。
优选的，当为由第三砌块c和第四砌块d拼接成的蜂巢护坡或蜂巢挡土墙设置弧形挡块2时，需要对弧形挡块2进行变形。具体的，将弧形挡块2设置为2种，第一种弧形挡块2的两端设置有与卡槽14相配合的卡齿22；第二种弧形挡块2的两端开设有与卡块13相配合的安装槽23。
安装时，第一种弧形挡块2的卡齿22，与相邻的第四砌块d的卡槽14相契合；第二种弧形挡块2的安装槽23，与相邻的第三砌块c的卡块13相契合。
实施例十四
参见图31、图32和图33所示，本实施例中的蜂巢砌块与实施例一的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中块体1的顶部设置有第一凸块91，该第一凸块91的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固孔12对应的第一安装孔92，且第一凸块91的外侧边沿与块体1的外侧边沿平齐；第一凸块91的顶面高于各角块11的顶面。
具体的，该第一凸块91整体呈正六棱柱结构。角块11的底面与块体1的底面平齐， 且角块11的高度等于或者小于块体1的高度。使得第一凸块91的外侧边沿与块体1的外侧边沿平齐，且第一凸块91的顶面高于各角块11的顶面。
利用上述蜂巢砌块也可拼接成蜂巢格，以及进一步拼接成蜂巢护坡和蜂巢挡土墙(拼接结构及方法同前述实施例)。
实施例十五
参见图34所示，本实施例中的弧形挡块2与实施例十的结构基本相同，区别点在于本实施例中弧形挡块2的中部设置有第二凸块93，该第二凸块93的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固安装孔21对应的第二安装孔94，且第二凸块93的外侧边沿与弧形挡块2中部的外侧边沿平齐；第二凸块93的顶面高于弧形挡块2两端的上表面。
具体的，弧形挡块2中部的上表面与弧形挡块2两端的上表面平齐，或者，弧形挡块2中部的上表面低于弧形挡块2两端的上表面。
利用上述弧形挡块2也可拼接成蜂巢护坡和蜂巢挡土墙(拼接结构及方法同前述实施例)。分开制作块体1和第一凸块91(以及弧形挡块2本体与第二凸块93)，能够减少制作工艺难度。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种蜂巢砌块，包括六棱柱结构的块体(1)，其特征在于：所述块体(1)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固孔(12)，且块体(1)不相邻的三个侧面分别设置有角块(11)，各角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(14)或者设置有卡块(13)，且卡槽(14)与卡块(13)相互配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述块体(1)的三个角块(11)中，至少有一个角块(11)的外侧面开设有卡槽(14)，至少有一个角块(11)的外侧面设置有与卡槽(14)相配合的卡块(13)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述块体(1)三个角块(11)的外侧面均开设有卡槽(14)或者均设置有卡块(13)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度等于块体(1)的高度。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的顶面设置有凸台(16)或者凹槽(15)，凸台(16)或者凹槽(15)均沿锚固孔(12)的径向设置，且凸台(16)或者凹槽(15)的一端延伸至锚固孔(12)。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度大于或者小于块体(1)的高度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述块体(1)的顶部设置有第一凸块(91)，该第一凸块(91)的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固孔(12)对应的第一安装孔(92)，且第一凸块(91)的外侧边沿与块体(1)的外侧边沿平齐；第一凸块(91)的顶面高于各角块(11)的顶面。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的蜂巢砌块，其特征在于：所述块体(1)、角块(11)和卡块 (13)一体成型。
  9. 基于权利要求1所述砌块的蜂巢护坡，将具有两个卡块(13)、一个卡槽(14)的块体(1)设为第一砌块(a)；将具有一个卡块(13)、两个卡槽(14)的块体(1)设为第二砌块(b)，其特征在于：该蜂巢护坡由若干第一砌块(a)和若干第二砌块(b)拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块(a)与相邻的三个第二砌块(b)连接，每个第二砌块(b)与相邻的三个第一砌块(a)连接，且每环形连接的三个第一砌块(a)和三个第二砌块(b)构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔(3)。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：各锚固孔(12)中对应插装有一根锚钉。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的蜂巢护坡，其特征在于：该蜂巢护坡的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块(2)，所述弧形挡块(2)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔(21)，弧形挡块(2)的一端设置有与卡槽(14)相配合的卡齿(22)，弧形挡块(2)的另一端开设有与卡块(13)相配合的安装槽(23)；
    各弧形挡块(2)替换掉位于该蜂巢护坡外侧边沿的第一砌块(a)或者第二砌块(b)，并通过卡齿(22)与对应的卡槽(14)连接，通过安装槽(23)与对应的卡块(13)连接。
  12. 基于权利要求9所述蜂巢护坡的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S11.按照设计边坡坡度要求，进行边坡地基处理，使边坡表面平整、密实，形成符合设计边坡要求的基础面；
    步骤S12.在已完成的基础面上铺设土工布或级配碎石；
    步骤S13.铺设蜂巢护坡砌块；
    步骤S14.在蜂巢护坡表面摊铺一层天然土，然后在植生孔(3)和/或锚固孔(12)中种植适合当地气候环境的花草。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的蜂巢护坡的施工方法，其特征在于：步骤S13中，当边坡坡度＞1:1时，在各锚固孔(12)中对应插装一根锚钉。
  14. 基于权利要求1所述砌块的蜂巢挡土墙，将具有两个卡块(13)、一个卡槽(14)的块体(1)设为第一砌块(a)；将具有一个卡块(13)、两个卡槽(14)的块体(1)设为第二砌块(b)，其特征在于：该蜂巢挡土墙包括多层砌块层和多个锚固棒(6)；每层砌块层由若干第一砌块(a)和若干第二砌块(b)拼合组成，其中，每个第一砌块(a)与相邻的三个第二砌块(b)连接，每个第二砌块(b)与相邻的三个第一砌块(a)连接，且每环形连接的三个第一砌块(a)和三个第二砌块(b)构成一个蜂巢格，每个蜂巢格的中部具有一个植生孔(3)；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间的锚固孔(12)相对设置，并通过锚固棒(6)固定。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述角块(11)的底面与块体(1)的底面平齐，且角块(11)的高度大于或者小于块体(1)的高度；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层角块(11)与下层对应的角块(11)之间的空隙构成植生槽(7)。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层块体(1)与下层对应的块体(1)同为第一砌块(a)，或者同为第二砌块(b)。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块弧形挡块(2)，所述弧形挡块(2)的中部竖直贯穿有锚固安装孔(21)，弧形挡块(2)的一端设置有与卡槽(14)相配合的卡齿(22)，弧形挡块(2)的另一端开设有与卡块(13)相配合的安装槽(23)；
    各弧形挡块(2)替换掉位于该砌块层外侧边沿的第一砌块(a)或者第二砌块(b)，并通过卡齿(22)与对应的卡槽(14)连接，通过安装槽(23)与对应的卡块(13)连接。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述弧形挡块(2)的顶面中部向上凸起或者向下凹陷；
    任意上下相邻的两个砌块层之间，上层弧形挡块(2)与下层对应的弧形挡块(2)之间的空隙构成缺口槽(24)。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述弧形挡块(2)的中部设置有第二凸块(93)，该第二凸块(93)的中部竖直贯穿有与锚固安装孔(21)对应的第二安装孔(94)，且第二凸块(93)的外侧边沿与弧形挡块(2)中部的外侧边沿平齐；第二凸块(93)的顶面高于弧形挡块(2)两端的上表面。
  20. 如权利要求14所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：每层砌块层的外侧边沿设置有若干块外挂挡板(4)，所述外挂挡板(4)上设置有与卡槽(14)相配合的卡扣(41)，各外挂挡板(4)通过卡扣(41)卡装于对应的卡槽(14)中。
  21. 如权利要求14所述的蜂巢挡土墙，其特征在于：所述蜂巢格的植生孔(3)内设置有卸荷板(5)，该卸荷板(5)由两块半圆板(51)拼接而成，且每块半圆板(51)上设置有若干通孔(52)。
  22. 基于权利要求14所述蜂巢挡土墙的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S21.按设计宽度和深度，开挖形成蜂巢挡土墙的地基；
    步骤S22.在地基上浇筑厚150mm～300mm的钢筋混凝土板作为挡墙基础(8)，并在挡墙基础(8)上预留插筋，插筋的位置与后续砌筑的蜂巢砌块中心的锚固孔(12)的位置相对应；
    步骤S23.在插筋位置绑扎1500mm～2500mm的锚固棒(6)；
    步骤S24.安装蜂巢砌块至1500mm～2500mm的高度时，继续绑扎锚固棒(6)以延长锚固棒(6)高度；
    步骤S25.重复步骤S24，直至达到蜂巢挡土墙的预定高度；
    步骤S26.将蜂巢砌块插有锚固棒(6)的锚固孔(12)用混凝土灌实；
    步骤S27.蜂巢砌块所形成的植生孔(3)内进行土方回填并压实；
    步骤S28.根据景观要求，在蜂巢挡土墙的垂直面和顶面上种植花草或灌木进行绿化。
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