WO2017171787A1

WO2017171787A1 - Methods of promoting adhesion between dielectric and conductive materials in packaging structures

Info

Publication number: WO2017171787A1
Application number: PCT/US2016/025216
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert A. May; Chi-Mon CHEN; Kristof Darmawikarta; Ji Yong Park; Sri Ranga Sai Boyapati
Original assignee: Intel Corporation
Priority date: 2016-03-31
Filing date: 2016-03-31
Publication date: 2017-10-05

Abstract

Methods of improving adhesion between dielectric and metallic materials in package substrates are described. Those methods/structures may include providing a package substrate comprising a conductive interconnect structure, forming an alloy on the conductive interconnect structure; and forming a dielectric build up material on the conductive interconnect structure, wherein the dielectric buildup material comprises a siloxane based adhesion promoter throughout the buildup material, and wherein the siloxane based adhesion promoter forms a covalent bond with the alloy.

Description

METHODS OF PROMOTING ADHESION BETWEEN DIELECTRIC AND CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS IN PACKAGING STRUCTURES

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Interconnect structures may be incorporated into package structures, such as package substrates, for example, wherein the package structure may include one or more levels of metal lines that may be utilized as conductive interconnect structures within the package substrate. A dielectric material, such as a buildup material, for example, may be placed between the metal lines. Improving adhesion between the metal lines and the dielectric material improves reliability of devices utilizing such package structures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming certain embodiments, the advantages of these embodiments can be more readily ascertained from the following description of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. la-Id represent cross-sectional views of structures according to embodiments.

FIGS. 2a-2b represent cross-sectional views of structures according to embodiments.

FIGS. 3a-3c represent cross-sectional views of structures according to embodiments.

FIG. 4 represents a flow chart of a method according to embodiments.

FIG.5 represents an interposer implementing one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 represents a schematic of a system according to embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the methods and structures may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments. It is to be understood that the various embodiments, although different, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described herein, in connection with one embodiment, may be implemented within other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that the location or arrangement of individual elements within each disclosed embodiment may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, appropriately interpreted, along with the full range of equivalents to which the claims are entitled. In the drawings, like numerals may refer to the same or similar functionality throughout the several views. The terms "over", "to", "between" and "on" as used herein may refer to a relative position of one layer with respect to other layers. One layer "over" or "on" another layer or bonded "to" another layer may be directly in contact with the other layer or may have one or more intervening layers. One layer "between" layers may be directly in contact with the layers or may have one or more intervening layers. Layers and/or structures "adjacent" to one another may or may not have intervening structures/layers between them.

Various implementations of the embodiments herein may be formed or carried out on a substrate, such as a package substrate. A package substrate may comprise any suitable type of substrate capable of providing electrical communications between a die, such as an integrated circuit (IC) die, and a next-level component to which an IC package may be coupled (e.g., a circuit board). In another embodiment, the substrate may comprise any suitable type of substrate capable of providing electrical communication between an IC die and an upper IC package coupled with a lower IC/die package, and in a further embodiment a substrate may comprise any suitable type of substrate capable of providing electrical communication between an upper IC package and a next-level component to which an IC package is coupled.

A substrate may also provide structural support for a die. By way of example, in one embodiment, a substrate may comprise a multi-layer substrate - including alternating layers of a dielectric material and metal - built-up around a core layer (either a dielectric or a metal core). In another embodiment, a substrate may comprise a coreless multi-layer substrate. Other types of substrates and substrate materials may also find use with the disclosed embodiments (e.g., ceramics, sapphire, glass, etc.). Further, according to one embodiment, a substrate may comprise alternating layers of dielectric material and metal that are built-up over a die itself-this process is sometimes referred to as a "bumpless build-up process." Where such an approach is utilized, conductive interconnects may or may not be needed (as the build-up layers may be disposed directly over a die, in some cases).

Embodiments of methods of forming microelectronic packaging structures, such as methods of promoting adhesion between metallic and dielectric materials in a packaging substrate, are described. Those methods/structures may include Those methods/structures may include providing a package substrate comprising a conductive interconnect structure, forming an alloy on the conductive interconnect structure; and forming a dielectric build up material on the conductive interconnect structure, wherein the dielectric buildup material comprises a siloxane based adhesion promoter throughout the buildup material, and wherein the siloxane based adhesion promoter forms a covalent bond with the alloy. The embodiments herein significantly reduce roughness of the metal lines, and improve adhesion between metal traces and buildup layers.

FIGS, la- Id illustrate side cross-sectional views of embodiments of utilizing functionalized siloxanes in buildup materials for improving adhesion between dielectric and conductive materials. FIG. la (x-sectional view) a portion of package structure 100 is depicted. The package structure 100 may comprise a portion of a package substrate, in an embodiment. The portion of the package structure 100 may comprise a dielectric material 102, which may comprise a portion of a build up material of a package substrate. In an embodiment, a first conductive material 104, such as a copper material 104, may be formed and patterned on the dielectric material 102. In an embodiment, the first conductive material 104 may comprise a copper material, such as a plated copper material, however other formation techniques may be employed. In other embodiments, the first conductive material 104 may comprise any suitable conductive material that may be used to fabricate conductive interconnect structures within/on a substrate core and/or a package substrate.

A second conductive material 106, may be formed on the first conductive material 104, in an embodiment (FIG. lb). The second conductive material 106 may comprise a conductive material that may form an alloy and/or an intermetallic material with the first conductive material 104, such as but not limited to tin, nickel and/or aluminum. In an embodiment, the second conductive material 106 may be formed/plated on the first conductive material 104 by utilizing an immersion bath technique. However, the second conductive material 106 may be formed utilizing any suitable formation technique, according to the particular application, in another embodiment. In an embodiment, the immersion bath may comprise tin, nickel and/or aluminum. For example, tin may be formed on the first conductive material 104 comprising copper, via a copper replacement reaction process, in the case where the second conductive material 106 comprises tin.

In an embodiment, a stripping process 109 may be performed, wherein excess amounts of the second conductive material 108 may be removed, and an alloy/coating material 108 may remain on the first conductive material 104 (FIG. lc). In an embodiment, the excess may be removed using an etching process, for example. In an embodiment, the removal process 109 may comprise an acid bath process. In an embodiment, the alloy/coating material 108 may comprise a thickness of less than about 20 nm. The thickness may vary depending upon the particular application. In an embodiment, the alloy/coating material 108 may comprise an alloy of the first and second conductive materials 104, 106. In an embodiment the alloy 108 may be formed during the formation of the second conductive material 106, and/or during a subsequent temperature processing, such as during an anneal process, for example. Hydroxyl groups may be present on surfaces of the alloy/coating 108.

In another embodiment, the alloy/coating 108 may further comprise one or more intermetallic phases of the first and second conductive materials 104, 106. In an embodiment, the alloy 108 may be formed on a first surface 107 of the first conductive material 104, and in other embodiments, the alloy 108 may additionally be formed on a second 113 and a third surface 115 of the first conductive material 104. In another embodiment, the alloy/coating material 108 may not comprise an alloy of the first and/or second conductive materials. In an embodiment, the alloy/coating 108 may comprise a material selected from the group consisting of copper, tin, nickel and aluminum. In FIG. Id, the first conductive material 104 comprising the alloy/coating 108 may be laminated with a dielectric material 110, such as with a dielectric build up material 110. The dielectric material 110 may comprise a plurality of functionalized silane molecules which act as siloxane based adhesion promoters. In an embodiment, the siloxane based adhesion promoters may comprise at least one siloxane group/molecule. The siloxane adhesion promoters may be located/ distributed throughout the dielectric material 110. In an embodiment, the dielectric material 110 may comprise at least one siloxane based adhesion promoter in a top portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion of the dielectric material 110, and not only on a surface of the dielectric material 110. In an embodiment, the siloxane based adhesion promoters may comprise silanoxy groups integrated throughout the dielectric material 110, wherein

functionalized alkyl chains on the siloxane are bonded to other components of the dielectric (such as silicon atoms and/or oxygen atoms, for example) through hydrogen, ionic or covalent bonding. After lamination, a curing process 111 may be performed, wherein functional groups of the siloxane based adhesion promoters in the dielectric 110 may be bonded covalently to the alloy/coating 108 on the first conductive material 104.

FIG. 2a depicts an embodiment wherein polymeric siloxane 212 (Si-O-Si) may be linked to the dielectric material 210 by a functional group 213. In an embodiment, the functional group 213 may comprise such groups as an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group, and/or a mercapto group, for example. The siloxane 212 which includes the functional group 213 may be distributed throughout the dielectric material 210. For example, siloxane based adhesion promoter may additionally be located a distance away from the surface of the dielectric material 210, such as in a middle portion 203, a lower portion 201, and a top portion 205 of the dielectric material 210.

In an embodiment, a silicon atom of a siloxane polymer 212 located on a surface of the dielectric material 210 may be bonded to a functional group 213. The lamination process 209 results in the coordination of the hydroxyl groups 215 of the siloxane 212 in the dielectric material 210 near the surface/interface with the hydroxyl groups 214 on the alloy surface 208. Following a curing process 211, covalent bonds 216 between the silicon atoms of the silanols in the dielectric and the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl atoms on the alloy 208 surface, and may be formed via a condensation reaction, thus completing the bonding of the dielectric material 210 to the conductive material 204 (FIG. 2b). In an embodiment, a siloxy group of the siloxane adhesion promoter may be coupled/bonded with an oxygen molecule on a surface of the alloy 208, and may also be bonded to a functional group in the dielectric material 210.

The siloxane based adhesion promoters are present in the bulk dielectric material 210 in small quantities. In an embodiment, the amount added to the dielectric 210 may comprises below about 1 wt. %, and may not change the material properties of the dielectric 210 by any appreciable amount. Bonding the conductive interconnects 204 to the dielectric material 210 in this manner greatly increases reliability and electrical performance of devices utilizing the embodiments herein. By integrating siloxanes throughout the dielectric layer, greater control over the number of reaction sites is achieved, and thus the adhesion is improved by increasing the number of reaction sites. A root mean square (RMS) roughness of the conductive

material/metallization lines 204 may be about 100 nm, because adhesion to the dielectric does not require significant etching, and also results in the achievement of finer feature patterning.

FIG. 3a depicts a package substrate 300, wherein various conductive metallization features/lines 334 are disposed in a dielectric material/buildup layers 310. The substrate 300 may comprise vias 332 and trace lines 330, for example, in addition to a die 335 coupled thereto. Area 334 is enlarged in FIG. 3b to depict the adhesion promotion/bonding between the conductive feature/interconnect structure 304, which comprises the alloy 308, and the siloxane based adhesion promoter 313 which is covalently bonded 316 to the alloy 308. In an

embodiment, the siloxane based promoter 313 may be covalently bonded on sides 336 and 338 of the conductive line feature 304.

In an embodiment, the die 335 may be attached/placed on a surface of the substrate 300, and in some cases, a die may be embedded (not shown) in the substrate 300. The die 225 may comprise any type of device, such as an integrated circuit device. In one embodiment, the die 335 includes a processing system (either single core or multi-core). For example, the die may comprise a microprocessor, a graphics processor, a signal processor, a network processor, a chipset, etc. In one embodiment, the die 335 comprises a system-on-chip (SoC) having multiple functional units (e.g., one or more processing units, one or more graphics units, one or more communications units, one or more signal processing units, one or more security units, etc.). However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to any particular type or class of die/devices.

A number of interconnects (not shown) may extend from the die to the underlying substrate 300, and these interconnects may electrically couple the die and substrate 200. The Interconnects may comprise any type of structure and materials capable of providing electrical communication between the die and the substrate 300, and according to an embodiment, and may include a flip-chip arrangement, for example. In an embodiment, the interconnects may comprises an electrically conductive terminals (not shown) on the die (e.g., a pad, bump, stud bump, column, pillar, or other suitable structure or combination of structures) and may comprise/be coupled with, a corresponding electrically conductive terminal on the substrate 300 (e.g., a pad, bump, stud bump, column, pillar, or other suitable structure or combination of structures). Solder (e.g., in the form of balls or bumps) may be disposed on the terminals of the substrate 300 and/or die, and these terminals may then be joined using a solder reflow process.

The terminals on the die 335 may comprise any suitable material or any suitable combination of materials, whether disposed in multiple layers or combined to form one or more alloys and/or one or more intermetallic compounds. For example, the terminals on the die may include copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, titanium, tungsten, as well as any combination of these and/or other metals. In other embodiments, a terminal may comprise one or more non- metallic materials (e.g., a conductive polymer). The terminals on substrate 300 may also comprise any suitable material or any suitable combination of materials, whether disposed in multiple layers or combined to form one or more alloys and/or one or more intermetallic compounds. For example, the terminals on the substrate 300 may include copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, titanium, tungsten, as well as any combination of these and/or other metals.

Any suitable solder material may be used to join the mating terminals of the die and substrate 300, respectively. For example, the solder material may comprise any one or more of tin, copper, silver, gold, lead, nickel, indium, as well as any combination of these and/or other metals. The solder may also include one or more additives and/or filler materials to alter a characteristic of the solder (e.g., to alter a solder reflow temperature, for example). In a further embodiment, a layer of underfill material (not shown) may be disposed around interconnects and between the die 335 and substrate 300, and this underfill layer may aid in mechanically securing the die 335 to the substrate 300, and may comprise any suitable material, such as a liquid or a pre-applied epoxy compound.

In another embodiment (not shown), a dielectric material and the metal layers may be built up directly over the die 335 (embedded), in which case a dielectric and subsequent metal layer may be formed directly on the front-side of the die, with a metal layer forming electrical contact with one or more bond pads on the die. In such an embodiment, discrete interconnects may not be necessary, as metallization (such one or more of the metal layers in the substrate 300 may directly contact a die 335 bond pad. Examples of processes that may utilize the

aforementioned technique include bumpless build-up layer (BBUL), die-embedding, and wafer- level packaging.

In another embodiment, a bridge structure 337 may be disposed in the package substrate 300 so as to electrically connect dies 335, 335' (FIG. 3c). The bridge 337 may be embedded in the package substrate 300. In some embodiments, the dies 335, 335' may be electrically coupled with the bridge 337 that is configured to route electrical signals between the dies 335, 335'. The bridge 206 may be a high density routing structure that provides a route for electrical signals. The bridge 337 may include glass or a semiconductor material to provide a chip-to-chip connection between the dies 335, 335' .

The bridge 337 may be composed of other suitable materials in other embodiments. In an embodiment, the bridge 337 may include interconnect structures, such as interconnects 336, to serve as electrical routing features between the dies 335, 335; and the bridge 337, wherein the adhesion between routing features and the dielectric material 310, which comprises siloxane based adhesion promoters throughout the dielectric material 310, is enhanced. In an embodiment, there may be covalent bonds between the alloy 308 disposed on the conductive features/routing elements 336, (such as may be seen in the expanded view of FIG. 3b), and the distributed siloxanes in the dielectric material 310.

In an embodiment, any number of the routing features in the dielectric material 310 of the substrate 300 may comprise enhanced adhesion to the dielectric due to the bonding between the siloxane based adhesion promoters and the alloy disposed on the conductive interconnect features.

The embodiments herein improve adhesion between dielectric layers and metallization layers in package structures. Since surface roughening may be avoided, electrical performance is improved, especially at high frequency applications, such as in server and memory integration applications. Patterning capability is improved which enables for finer pitched features patterning. In addition, reduction in fabrication cost is achieved by integrating the adhesion promoter into the bulk dielectric material.

FIG. 4 depicts a method according to embodiments herein. At step 402, an alloy may be formed on a conductive interconnect. At step 404, a dielectric material may be formed on the conductive interconnect, wherein a siloxane based adhesion promoter is distributed throughout the dielectric material. At step 406, the dielectric material on the conductive interconnect may be cured, wherein a covalent bond is formed between the alloy and the siloxane based adhesion promoter.

The structures of the embodiments herein may be coupled with any suitable type of structures capable of providing electrical communications between a microelectronic device, such as a die, disposed in package structures, and a next-level component to which the package structures may be coupled (e.g., a circuit board).

The device structures, and the components thereof, of the embodiments herein may comprise circuitry elements such as logic circuitry for use in a processor die, for example.

Metallization layers and insulating material may be included in the structures herein, as well as conductive contacts/bumps that may couple metal layers/interconnects to external devices/layers. The structures/devices described in the various figures herein may comprise portions of a silicon logic die or a memory die, for example, or any type of suitable microelectronic device/die. In some embodiments the devices may further comprise a plurality of dies, which may be stacked upon one another, depending upon the particular embodiment. In an embodiment, the die(s) may be partially or fully embedded in a package structure.

The various embodiments of the package structures included herein may be used for system on a chip (SOC) products, and may find application in such devices as smart phones, notebooks, tablets, wearable devices and other electronic mobile devices. In various

implementations, the package structures may be included in a laptop, a netbook, a notebook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an ultra-mobile PC, a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a server, a printer, a scanner, a monitor, a set-top box, an entertainment control unit, a digital camera, a portable music player, or a digital video recorder, and wearable devices. In further implementations, the package devices herein may be included in any other electronic devices that process data.

FIG. 5 illustrates a device 500 that includes one or more embodiments included herein. The device 500 may include interposer 501, which may comprise an intervening substrate used to bridge a first substrate 502 to a second substrate 504. The first substrate 502 may be, for instance, any type of integrated circuit die, and may include embodiments of the package structures described herein, and may comprise a memory device, in an embodiment. The second substrate 504 may be, for instance, a memory module, a computer motherboard, a processor device, or any other integrated circuit die, and may include embodiments of the structures described herein. In an embodiment, the interposer 501 may serve to spread a connection to a wider pitch or to reroute a connection to a different connection.

For example, an interposer 501 may couple an integrated circuit die to a ball grid array (BGA) 506 that can subsequently be coupled to the second substrate 504. In some embodiments, the first and second substrates 502/504 are attached to opposing sides of the interposer 501. In other embodiments, the first and second substrates 502/504 are attached to the same side of the interposer 501. And in further embodiments, three or more substrates are interconnected by way of the interposer 501.

The interposer 501 may be formed of an epoxy resin, a fiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin, a ceramic material, or a polymer material such as polyimide. In further implementations, the interposer may be formed of alternate rigid or flexible materials. The interposer may include metal interconnects 508 and vias 510, and may also include through-silicon vias (TSVs) 512.

The interposer 501 may further include embedded devices 514, including both passive and active devices. Such devices include, but are not limited to, capacitors, decoupling capacitors, resistors, inductors, fuses, diodes, transformers, sensors, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) devices. More complex devices such as radio-frequency (RF) devices, power amplifiers, power management devices, antennas, arrays, sensors, and MEMS devices may also be formed on the interposer 501. In accordance with embodiments, apparatuses or processes disclosed herein may be used in the fabrication of interposer 501.

FIG. 6 is a schematic of a computing device 600 that may be implemented incorporating embodiments of the package structures described herein. In an embodiment, the computing device 600 houses a board 602, such as a motherboard 602 for example. The board 602 may include a number of components, including but not limited to a processor 604, and an on-die memory 606, that may be communicatively coupled with an integrated circuit die 603, and at least one communication chip 608. The processor 604 may be physically and electrically coupled to the board 602. In some implementations the at least one communication chip 608 may be physically and electrically coupled to the board 602. In further implementations, the communication chip 606 is part of the processor 604.

Depending on its applications, computing device 600 may include other components that may or may not be physically and electrically coupled to the board 602, and may or may not be communicatively coupled to each other. These other components include, but are not limited to, volatile memory (e.g., DRAM) 610, non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM) 612, flash memory (not shown), a graphics processor unit (GPU) 614, a digital signal processor (DSP) 616, a crypto processor 642, a chipset 620, an antenna 622, a display 624 such as a touchscreen display, a touchscreen controller 626, a battery 628, an audio codec (not shown), a video codec (not shown), a global positioning system (GPS) device 629, a compass 630, accelerometer, a gyroscope and other inertial sensors 632, a speaker 634, a camera 636, various input devices 638 and a mass storage device (such as hard disk drive, or solid state drive) 640, compact disk (CD) (not shown), digital versatile disk (DVD) (not shown), and so forth). These components may be connected to the system board 602, mounted to the system board, or combined with any of the other components.

The communication chip 608 enables wireless and/or wired communications for the transfer of data to and from the computing device 600. The term "wireless" and its derivatives may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that may communicate data through the use of modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. The term does not imply that the associated devices do not contain any wires, although in some embodiments they might not. The communication chip 608 may implement any of a number of wireless or wired standards or protocols, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 family), IEEE 802.20, long term evolution (LTE), Ev-DO, HSPA+, HSDPA+, HSUPA+, EDGE, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA, DECT, Bluetooth, Ethernet derivatives thereof, as well as any other wireless and wired protocols that are designated as 3G, 4G, 5G, and beyond. The computing device 600 may include a plurality of communication chips 608. For instance, a first communication chip may be dedicated to shorter range wireless communications such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth and a second communication chip may be dedicated to longer range wireless communications such as GPS, EDGE, GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Ev-DO, and others. The term "processor" may refer to any device or portion of a device that processes electronic data from registers and/or memory to transform that electronic data into other electronic data that may be stored in registers and/or memory.

In various implementations, the computing device 600 may be a laptop, a netbook, a notebook, an ultrabook, a smartphone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an ultra mobile PC, a wearable device, a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a server, a printer, a scanner, a monitor, a set-top box, an entertainment control unit, a digital camera, a portable music player, or a digital video recorder. In further implementations, the computing device 600 may be any other electronic device that processes data. Embodiments of the package structures described herein may be implemented as a part of one or more memory chips, controllers, CPUs (Central Processing Unit), microchips or integrated circuits interconnected using a motherboard, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

EXAMPLES

Example 1 is a packaging structure comprising a substrate comprising a conductive interconnect structure; an alloy on the conductive interconnect structure; and a dielectric build up material on the conductive interconnect structure, wherein the dielectric buildup material comprises a siloxane adhesion promoter throughout the buildup material.

Example 2 includes the structure of example 1 wherein the siloxane adhesion promoter is coupled to the build-up material through a functional group selected from the materials consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group, or a mercapto group.

Example 3 includes the structure of example 2 wherein the functional group is coupled with a alkyl chain of the siloxane adhesion promoter.

Example 4 includes the structure of example 1 wherein a siloxy group of the siloxane adhesion promoter is coupled with the alloy.

Example 5 includes the structure of example 4 wherein the siloxy group is coupled with a covalent bond to the alloy.

Example 6 includes the structure of example 4 wherein the alloy comprises a thickness of about 20 nm or less.

Example 7 includes the structure of example 4 wherein the alloy comprises a material selected from group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, and tin.

Example 8 includes the structure of example 1 wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

Example 9 is a package structure comprising: a package substrate comprising a buildup layer; a siloxane adhesion promoter, wherein the siloxane adhesion promoter is located throughout the buildup layer; an alkyl chain of the siloxane adhesion promoter coupled to a functional group; a conductive interconnect structure comprising a coating, wherein the dielectric is disposed on the coating, and wherein the siloxy molecule is chemically bonded to the coating.

Example 10 includes the package structure of example 9 wherein the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tin, aluminum, and nickel.

Example 11 includes the package structure of example 9 wherein a silicon bridge is disposed within the build up layer, and wherein the conductive interconnect structure is coupled with the silicon bridge.

Example 12 includes the package structure of example 9 wherein a die is coupled to package structure.

Example 13 includes the package structure of example 9 wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

Example 14 includes the package structure of example 9 wherein the functional group comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group and a mercapto group.

Example 15 includes the package structure of example 14 wherein the coating comprises a covalent bond with the siloxy molecule.

Example 16 includes the package structure of claim 9, wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises copper.

Example 17 is a method of forming a packaging structure, comprising: forming a coating on a conductive interconnect material; forming a dielectric layer on at least a portion of the coating, wherein a siloxane adhesion promoting material is located in a top portion and a bottom portion of the dielectric layer, and wherein the dielectric layer comprises a portion of a packaging substrate; and forming a covalent bond between a portion of the siloxane adhesion promoting material and the coating.

Example 18 includes the method of example 17 wherein forming the covalent bond comprises curing the dielectric layer, wherein an oxygen atom of the coating material bonds with a siloxy molecule of the siloxane adhesion promoting material.

Example 19 includes the method of claim 17 further comprising wherein the conductive interconnect material comprises copper.

Example 20 includes the method of example 17 wherein forming the coating comprises plating a second conductive material on a first conductive material.

Example 21 includes the method of example 17 further comprising wherein the conductive interconnect material comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

Example 22 includes the method of example 17 wherein forming the dielectric layer on the conductive material comprises laminating the dielectric material on the conductive interconnect material.

Example 23 includes the method of example 17 further comprising coupling a die to the packaging structure.

Example 24 includes the method of example 17 further comprising wherein at least one die is coupled to a silicon bridge structure that is located in the buildup layer. Example 25 includes the method of example 17 wherein the dielectric comprises a functional group comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group and a mercapto group, wherein the functional group is bonded with an alkyl chain in the siloxane adhesion promoting material, and wherein a silicon atom of the siloxane adhesion promoting material is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom in the coating.

Although the foregoing description has specified certain steps and materials that may be used in the methods of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications and substitutions may be made. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications, alterations, substitutions and additions be considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as defined by the appended claims. In addition, the Figures provided herein illustrate only portions of exemplary microelectronic devices and associated package structures that pertain to the practice of the embodiments. Thus the embodiments are not limited to the structures described herein.

Claims

IN THE CLAIMS

What is claimed is:

I . A packaging structure comprising:

a substrate comprising a conductive interconnect structure;

an alloy on the conductive interconnect structure; and

a dielectric build up material on the conductive interconnect structure, wherein the dielectric buildup material comprises a siloxane adhesion promoter throughout the buildup material.

2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the build-up material comprises a functional group selected from the materials consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group, and a mercapto group.

3. The structure of claim 2 wherein the functional group is coupled with a silicon molecule of the siloxane adhesion promoter.

4. The structure of claim 1 wherein a siloxy group of the siloxane adhesion promoter is coupled with the alloy.

5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the siloxy group is coupled with a covalent bond to the alloy.

6. The structure of claim 4 wherein the alloy comprises a thickness of about 20 nm or less.

7. The structure of claim 4 wherein the alloy comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, and tin.

8. The structure of claim 1 wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

9. A package structure comprising:

a package substrate comprising a buildup layer;

a siloxane adhesion promoter, wherein the siloxane adhesion promoter is located throughout the buildup layer;

a siloxy molecule of the siloxane adhesion promoter coupled to a functional group; and a conductive interconnect structure comprising a coating, wherein the dielectric is disposed on the coating, and wherein the siloxy molecule is chemically bonded to the coating. 10. The package structure of claim 9 wherein the coating comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tin, aluminum, and nickel.

I I . The package structure of claim 9 wherein a silicon bridge is disposed within the build up layer, and wherein the conductive interconnect structure is coupled with the silicon bridge.

12. The package stmcture of claim 9 wherein a die is coupled to package structure.

13. The package structure of claim 9 wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

14. The package structure of claim 9 wherein the functional group comprises a material selected from the group consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group and a mercapto group.

15. The package structure of claim 14 wherein the coating comprises a covalent bond with the siloxy molecule.

16. The package structure of claim 9, wherein the conductive interconnect structure comprises copper.

17. A method of forming a packaging structure, comprising:

forming a coating material on a conductive interconnect material;

forming a dielectric layer on at least a portion of the coating material, wherein a siloxane adhesion promoting material is located in a top portion and a bottom portion of the dielectric layer, and wherein the dielectric layer comprises a portion of a packaging substrate; and

forming a covalent bond between a portion of the siloxane adhesion promoting material and the coating material.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein forming the covalent bond comprises curing the dielectric layer, wherein an oxygen atom of the coating material bonds with a siloxy molecule of the siloxane adhesion promoting material.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising wherein the conductive interconnect material comprises copper.

20. The method of claim 17 wherein forming the coating material comprises plating a second conductive material on a first conductive material.

21. The method of claim 17 further comprising wherein the conductive interconnect material comprises a roughness of less than about 100 nm.

22. The method of claim 17 wherein forming the dielectric layer on the conductive material comprises laminating the dielectric material on the conductive interconnect material.

23. The method of claim 17 further comprising coupling a die to the packaging structure.

24. The method of claim 17 further comprising wherein at least one die is coupled to a silicon bridge structure that is located in the buildup layer.

25. The method of claim 17 wherein the dielectric comprises a functional group comprising a material selected from the group consisting of an amine group, an epoxy group, a chloroalkyl group and a mercapto group, wherein the functional group is bonded with a silicon atom in the siloxane adhesion promoting material, and wherein the silicon atom of the siloxane adhesion promoting material is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom on a surface of the coating material.