WO2017164069A1 - Additive manufacturing material, three-dimensional model for stress analysis, and method for improving model design - Google Patents

Additive manufacturing material, three-dimensional model for stress analysis, and method for improving model design Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017164069A1
WO2017164069A1 PCT/JP2017/010699 JP2017010699W WO2017164069A1 WO 2017164069 A1 WO2017164069 A1 WO 2017164069A1 JP 2017010699 W JP2017010699 W JP 2017010699W WO 2017164069 A1 WO2017164069 A1 WO 2017164069A1
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stress
dimensional
distribution information
design
data
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PCT/JP2017/010699
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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寺崎正
菊永和也
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国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
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Priority to JP2018507279A priority Critical patent/JP6784974B2/en
Publication of WO2017164069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017164069A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a material for additive manufacturing, a three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and a design improvement method for a structure.
  • a design drawing is drawn using a computer etc. while taking into consideration the design and strength, and a small three-dimensional model (three-dimensional model) is created based on the design drawing.
  • a large three-dimensional model is created while studying, and finally the actual bridge is constructed.
  • the computer-based dynamic calculation currently being performed is mainly based on static stress, and there is still room for study on dynamic stress.
  • the simulation result on the computer may be different from the concentrated portion of the dynamic stress in the structure.
  • the verification of the three-dimensional object is only to measure the surface of the three-dimensional object by attaching a strain gauge or the like, and it is only possible to grasp the surface and partial stress.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of grasping internal stress and forming a three-dimensional structure that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress.
  • a material for additive manufacturing is provided.
  • the present invention also provides a three-dimensional object for stress analysis and a method for improving the design of a structure.
  • a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently to have plasticity.
  • a material for layered modeling for supplying a layered molding apparatus that builds a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object by laminating materials for use on a scanning trajectory, and which can change between a plastic state and a cured state
  • the base material contains a stress-stimulated luminescent material.
  • the additive manufacturing material according to the present invention is also characterized by the following points.
  • (2) The longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state of the resin base.
  • the stress-stimulated luminescent material is contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight.
  • (4) The particle size of the stress-stimulated luminescent material is 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
  • a stress light-emitting portion made of a cured body of the layered modeling material according to any one of (1) to (4) is provided in at least a part of the three-dimensional model. It was decided that
  • the stress light emitting portion is also characterized in that it is formed inside the three-dimensional object.
  • a three-dimensional data creation step for creating three-dimensional data, a three-dimensional object for analysis that builds a three-dimensional object for stress analysis by a layered object modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data, and a three-dimensional object for stress analysis obtained A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing a stress light emission part to emit light while applying a predetermined external force to the light and viewing or recording a light emission image of the stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution
  • the structural design improvement method (8) in the distribution information feedback step, until it is determined that the design data need not be improved, the three-dimensional data creation step and the analysis It is also characterized by repeatedly performing the modeled object construction process, the distribution information acquisition process, and the comparative examination process.
  • a three-dimensional data creation step of creating three-dimensional data of a desired structure, and a three-dimensional modeled object by an additive manufacturing apparatus based on the three-dimensional data Surface of at least a part of a three-dimensional structure formed by a layered structure material in which a stress luminescent material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state And applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis, and a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis to construct a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis having an adhesion stress light emitting portion.
  • the distribution information feedback process is performed.
  • a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently based on the inputted three-dimensional data, and the plastic forming material is cured while being cured on the scanning locus.
  • a layered modeling material for supplying to a layered modeling apparatus that constructs a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object, wherein a stress-luminescent material is included in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state Therefore, it is possible to provide a layered modeling material that can form a three-dimensional modeled object that can grasp internal stress and can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress. it can.
  • the longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state of the resin base, it is possible to realize a solid stress propagation, and to form a three-dimensional molded article excellent in response to stress. it can.
  • the stress-stimulated luminescent material is contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight, it is possible to form a three-dimensional structure that can emit light sufficiently and uniformly according to the stress. it can.
  • the particle diameter of the stress-stimulated luminescent material is 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m, embrittlement of the three-dimensional structure resulting from the addition of the stress-stimulated luminescent material can be suppressed. Furthermore, the three-dimensional molded item which shows a favorable reaction can be formed.
  • the stress light-emitting portion made of the cured body of the additive manufacturing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is provided in at least a part of the three-dimensional object. Therefore, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional object for stress analysis that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress.
  • the stress light emitting part is formed inside the three-dimensional structure, it is possible to grasp the internal stress, and not only the static stress but also the three-dimensional structure that can grasp the dynamic stress. Can be formed.
  • the structure improvement method for a structure using the above-described three-dimensional object for stress analysis, which is a three-dimensional data for creating three-dimensional data of a desired structure A predetermined external force is applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis obtained by the data creation process, the three-dimensional object model for stress analysis based on the three-dimensional data.
  • the distribution information feedback step until it is determined that the design data need not be improved, the three-dimensional data creation step, the analytical object construction step, the distribution information acquisition step, and the comparison If the examination process is repeated, it is possible to design for a more dynamically refined structure.
  • a three-dimensional model is created by a three-dimensional modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data creation step for creating the three-dimensional data of the desired structure, and the three-dimensional data.
  • the layered structure material comprising the stress-luminescent material in the resin base that can be changed between the plastic state and the cured state.
  • the present invention continuously or intermittently scans between a plurality of coordinate points based on the input three-dimensional data, and laminates a plastic modeling material while curing it on a scanning trajectory to obtain a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object.
  • a layered modeling material for supplying to a layered modeling apparatus to be constructed, wherein the layered modeling material includes a stress luminescent material in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state. Is.
  • the additive manufacturing apparatus to which the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment is supplied can be understood as, for example, a so-called 3D printer.
  • a 3D printer such as a hot melt additive manufacturing method, an ink jet method, a powder sintering method, or an optical modeling method can be used.
  • the scanning in the additive manufacturing apparatus may be a head that discharges the forming material as in the above-described hot-melt lamination method or the ink jet method, and the light irradiation unit as in the powder sintering method or the optical modeling method. It may be.
  • the resin base may be any material that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state, and preferably has a high transmittance of fluorescence emitted from the stress-stimulated luminescent material described later, and excites the stress-stimulated luminescent material. It is desirable to employ a material having a high excitation light transmittance. Examples of such materials include resins generated by photo radical polymerization, photo cation polymerization, photo anion polymerization, etc., acrylic resins, methacrylate resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, ABS resins, PLA resins, PC resin, PP resin, etc. can be mentioned.
  • the resin base has a longitudinal elastic modulus of 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state.
  • the stress luminescent material emits light by deformation caused by a mechanical external force, and a known or unknown material can be adopted.
  • Known stress luminescent materials include, for example, spinel structure, corundum structure, ⁇ -alumina structure, silicate, defect-controlled aluminate, wurtzite structure and zinc-blende structure, and oxidation. , Sulfides, selenides, or tellurides, and the like.
  • LiSrPO 4 : Eu 2+ , LiBaPO 4 : Eu 2+ , xSrO ⁇ yAl 2 O 3 ⁇ zMO M is a divalent metal, Mg, Ca, Ba, x, y, z are integers, that is, M is not limited as long as it is a divalent metal, but Mg, Ca, Ba is preferable, and x, y, z is 1 XSrO ⁇ yAl 2 O 3 ⁇ zSiO 2 (x, y, z are integers), BaTiO 3 —CaTiO 3 : Pr (red), ZnS: M (M is a divalent metal) Although not limited, Mn, Ga, Cu, etc.
  • such a stress-stimulated luminescent material may be contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight. By adding in such a ratio, it is possible to form a three-dimensional structure that can emit light sufficiently and uniformly according to stress.
  • the particle diameter of the stress-stimulated luminescent material added to the resin base can be 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m. By setting it as such a particle diameter, embrittlement of the three-dimensional molded item resulting from addition of a stress luminescent material can be suppressed, and the three-dimensional molded item which shows a further favorable reaction with respect to the stress applied experimentally. Can be formed.
  • the present application also provides a three-dimensional object for stress analysis in which at least a part of the three-dimensional object is provided with a stress light emitting portion made of a cured body of the above-mentioned additive manufacturing material.
  • Such a three-dimensional object for stress analysis is an external force corresponding to an external force that is expected to be applied to the actual structure, that is, a scale ratio between the actual structure and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis.
  • this stress light emitting portion may be provided not only on the surface of the three-dimensional object for stress analysis but also on the inside or both.
  • this stress light emitting part inside the three-dimensional object for stress analysis, it is possible to grasp not only the static stress but also the dynamic stress with respect to the internal stress corresponding to the external force.
  • the structural design improvement method according to the present embodiment is characterized in that it has a three-dimensional data creation process, an analytical shaped object construction process, a distribution information acquisition process, a comparative examination process, and a distribution information feedback process. Have.
  • the 3D data creation process is a process of creating 3D data of a desired structure. Specifically, it is understood as a process of creating a design drawing or the like of a desired structure on paper or on a computer. Can do. For example, when performing this process using a computer, the data of the existing structure is transferred to the computer via a device capable of measuring a three-dimensional shape, such as a contact-type or non-contact-type coordinate measuring machine or a 3D scanner. You may make it produce three-dimensional data by taking in.
  • the analytical modeling object construction process is a process of constructing a three-dimensional modeling object for stress analysis using an additive manufacturing apparatus based on three-dimensional data.
  • the design drawing created in the above-described 3D data creation process is supplied to a so-called 3D printer or the like in a predetermined format required by the 3D printer.
  • the 3D modeling material according to the present embodiment is supplied to the 3D printer at least, and the formed three-dimensional object is a three-dimensional object for stress analysis in which a stress light-emitting portion is formed in part or all. It becomes.
  • the stress light emission part is caused to emit light while applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and the light emission image of the stress light emission part is visually or recorded. It is a process of acquiring information.
  • the external force applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis is an external force corresponding to the scale ratio between the actual structure and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis.
  • the external force may be a static stress or a dynamic stress.
  • the three-dimensional object for stress analysis which gives stress may be a thing which performed processing of excavation etc. suitably, and another three-dimensional modeling Of course, it may be used in combination with an object.
  • the stress light emission part shows a light emission distribution according to these stresses.
  • the stress light emitting portion regardless of whether the light emitted from the stress light emitting portion is visible light or not, it can be imaged by a recording device that can capture this light, such as a film camera, a digital camera, a moving image photographing device, etc. It is also possible to acquire stress distribution information by a method of recording with a photoreactive material such as a stress history recording system developed by the inventors.
  • the comparative examination process is a process for examining the improvement of the design data while referring to the obtained stress distribution information and the design data of the structure.
  • the design data means data related to the design of the structure, and is a higher concept including the above-described three-dimensional data. That is, the design data is a concept including not only the three-dimensional data of the structure but also the surrounding ground data and the like related to the strength of the structure.
  • the distribution information feedback step is a step of changing the design data based on the stress distribution information when it is determined in the comparative examination step that the design data needs to be improved. That is, it is a step of actually reflecting on the design data the items recognized as needing improvement in the design data in the comparative examination step based on the stress distribution information.
  • the above-described three-dimensional data creation process, analytical model construction process, distribution information acquisition process, comparison study process, and distribution information feedback process do not require improvement of design data in the same distribution information feedback process. It may be repeatedly performed until the determination is made.
  • the structure design improving method includes a three-dimensional data creation process, a model building process, a surface analysis model building process, a distribution information acquisition process, a comparative examination process, and a distribution information. It is good also as having a feedback process.
  • the three-dimensional data creation process, the distribution information acquisition process, the comparative examination process, and the distribution information feedback process are substantially the same as the above-described processes, and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • the model building process is a process of building a three-dimensional modeled object with a layered modeling apparatus based on three-dimensional data, and is different from the above-described analytical model building process in that it does not require the formation of a stress light emitting part in this process. is doing.
  • the surface analysis shaped article construction process includes at least a part of a three-dimensional shaped article in which a layered modeling material in which a stress luminescent material is included in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state. It is a step of building a three-dimensionally shaped object for surface stress analysis, which is attached to the surface and provided with an adhesion stress light emitting part.
  • the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment by applying the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment to a part or all of the surface of the three-dimensional object formed by the additive manufacturing apparatus, the adhesion stress light-emitting portion is formed and surface stress is applied. It is a process of constructing a three-dimensional object for analysis.
  • test piece was formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 10 mm.
  • FIG. 1 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between weighting and distortion, with the horizontal axis representing weight and the vertical axis representing distortion.
  • FIG. 1B is a graph showing the relationship between strain at 1000 N load and the number of observed photons, where the horizontal axis is the strain and the vertical axis is the number of photons per 20 milliseconds.
  • the light emission amount at 1000N load is LCR-green (sample number 8), CR-CL-green (sample number 28), MJT-green (sample number 33), M3 -Large amounts of luminescence were observed with relatively small distortion in green (sample number 23) and XYZ-green (sample number 13).
  • PRH-green sample number 3
  • HC-green sample number 18
  • the longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less, more preferably 600 nm / N or less, in improving the sensitive light-emitting property to external force. was confirmed to be preferable.
  • SrAl 2 O 4 Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light fluorescence is contained in a photo-curing resin manufactured by Microjet Co., Ltd. at 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%.
  • the material for additive manufacturing was obtained by adding at a ratio of% and mixing well.
  • test piece was formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 10 mm.
  • test pieces were irradiated with ultraviolet light of 365 nm with an intensity of 0.7 mW / cm 2 as excitation light for 1 minute, and after 5 minutes, the load was applied in a triangular wave shape up to 1000 N, and light emission was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing changes over time in weighting and light emission intensity, with the horizontal axis representing time, the left vertical axis representing light emission intensity, and the right vertical axis representing weighting.
  • FIG. 2B is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of the stress-stimulated luminescent material and the light emission intensity, in which values near the maximum light emission intensity of each sample in FIG. 2A are plotted.
  • the horizontal axis represents the amount of stress-stimulated luminescent material added
  • the left vertical axis represents the stress emission intensity (white circle)
  • the right vertical axis represents the emission intensity (square).
  • the ratio X of the stress-stimulated luminescent material added to the resin base is in the range of 0 wt% ⁇ X ⁇ 90 wt%, more preferably 10 wt% ⁇ X ⁇ 90 wt%. It was shown that a practical three-dimensional model for stress analysis can be obtained.
  • the compounding ratio X of the stress luminescent material was considered to be more preferably about 10% by weight ⁇ X ⁇ 80% by weight.
  • the addition ratio X of the stress luminescent material is 30% by weight ⁇ X ⁇ 80% by weight, more preferably 50% by weight ⁇ X. It was suggested that by making ⁇ 80% by weight, a good additive manufacturing material can be obtained.
  • the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to XYZ Printing Japan Co., Ltd. Da Vinci 1.0A (additive modeling device), and the additive manufacturing material is provided to the additive manufacturing device for stress analysis.
  • a spring as a three-dimensional model was constructed (see FIG. 4A).
  • the stress light emission part is formed in the whole three-dimensional molded item for stress analysis.
  • the created spring can function as a three-dimensionally shaped object for stress analysis according to the present embodiment.
  • design drawings used for bridge construction were dropped onto 3D CAD on a computer, and the scale was reduced to create 3D data (3D data creation process).
  • the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to XYZ Printing Japan Co., Ltd. Da Vinci 1.0A (laminated modeling apparatus), and the laminated modeling apparatus includes the above-described stress luminescent material.
  • a bridge model as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis was constructed by providing two types of modeling material and a layered modeling material that does not contain a stress luminescent material (see FIG. 5B).
  • the stress light emission part of the created bridge model is partly formed inside the arched beam and inside the road, and the other part is made of additive manufacturing material that does not contain stress light emission material. (Analyzed object construction process).
  • the captured moving image includes a state in which the concentration portion of the internal dynamic stress changes with time according to the change in frequency (distribution information acquisition step).
  • the created bridge model can function as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis according to the present embodiment.
  • the pelvic plate is a member used for internal fixation of a fracture site, and it is necessary to provide sufficient strength against weighting, but weight reduction is also required.
  • the design of the pelvic plate shown in FIG. 6A was improved to develop a pelvic plate that is further reduced in weight while suppressing a decrease in mechanical strength.
  • the pelvic plate was scanned using a contact type three-dimensional measuring machine manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation, and three-dimensional data of the pelvic plate was created on 3D CAD (three-dimensional data creation step).
  • the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to Keyence Co., Ltd.'s Agilista (inkjet additive manufacturing apparatus), and the additive manufacturing apparatus does not contain a stress luminescent material.
  • a pelvic plate model as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis was constructed (model A on FIG. 6B) (analytical model construction process).
  • the layered modeling material according to this embodiment (SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light fluorescence is 70% by weight with respect to substantially the entire surface of the pelvic plate model that does not include the stress luminescent material.
  • the adhesion stress light-emitting portion is formed by applying a paint dissolved in an organic solvent, and the pelvic plate model B (three-dimensional model for surface stress analysis) (in the center of FIG. 6B). Model).
  • the design information can be changed by performing a distribution information feedback process for changing the design data based on the stress distribution information. Improvements can be made.
  • a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently based on the input three-dimensional data, and the modeling material having plasticity is scanned.
  • It is a material for additive manufacturing for supplying to an additive manufacturing apparatus that builds up a predetermined three-dimensional object by laminating while curing on a trajectory, and in a resin base that can change between a plastic state and a cured state Since it is assumed that stress-stimulated luminescent material is included, it is possible to grasp internal stress, and additive manufacturing that can form a three-dimensional structure that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress. Materials can be provided.
  • the three-dimensional object for stress analysis since at least a part of the three-dimensional object is provided with the stress light emitting portion made of the cured body of the layered object material described above, static stress is provided. Needless to say, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional object for stress analysis that can grasp even dynamic stress.
  • the design improvement method for a structure is a design improvement method for a structure using the above-described three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and is a tertiary that creates three-dimensional data of a desired structure.
  • a predetermined external force is applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis and the three-dimensional object for analysis for analyzing the three-dimensional object for stress analysis based on the three-dimensional data, based on the three-dimensional data.
  • the static stress can be designed in light of even the course the dynamic stress.
  • a three-dimensional model is created by a three-dimensional model creation process based on the three-dimensional data creation step of creating the three-dimensional data of the desired structure, and the three-dimensional data.
  • Surface of at least a part of a three-dimensional structure formed by a layered structure material in which a stress luminescent material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state And applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis, and a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis to construct a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis having an adhesion stress light emitting portion.

Abstract

The purpose of the invention is to provide an additive manufacturing material which can form a three-dimensional model with which internal stress can be ascertained and not only static stress but even dynamic stress can be ascertained. Provided is an additive manufacturing material to be supplied to an additive manufacturing apparatus for constructing a specified three-dimensional model by scanning between multiple coordinate points continuously or discontinuously on the basis of input three-dimensional data and layering while curing the plastic modeling material on the scanning path, the additive manufacturing material comprising a stress luminescent material in a resin base, which is capable of changing between a plastic state and a cured state.

Description

積層造形用材料及び応力分析用立体造形物並びに構造物の設計改善方法Material for additive manufacturing, three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and method for improving design of structure
　本発明は、積層造形用材料及び応力分析用立体造形物並びに構造物の設計改善方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a material for additive manufacturing, a three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and a design improvement method for a structure.
　従来、家屋やビル、橋梁、ドーム型球技場、コンサートホールなどの比較的大型の建造物から、机や椅子、ネジ、ボルトなど比較的小さな家具類や部品類に至るまで、実に様々な構造物が予めなされた設計に基づいて作成されている。 Traditionally, a wide variety of structures ranging from relatively large structures such as houses, buildings, bridges, dome-type ball games, concert halls, to relatively small furniture and parts such as desks, chairs, screws, and bolts Is created based on a pre-designed design.
　例えば橋梁を例にすると、デザインや強度を勘案しつつコンピュータ等を用いて設計図面がひかれ、その設計図面に基づいて小型の立体造形物（立体モデル）を作成し、風洞試験や力学的強度について検討を行いつつ徐々に大型の立体造形物を作成して最終的に実際の橋梁の構築にあたることとなる。 For example, taking a bridge as an example, a design drawing is drawn using a computer etc. while taking into consideration the design and strength, and a small three-dimensional model (three-dimensional model) is created based on the design drawing. Gradually, a large three-dimensional model is created while studying, and finally the actual bridge is constructed.
　また、必要に応じてコンピュータ上で力学計算等を行い、耐久性についての検討が行われる（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。 In addition, as necessary, dynamic calculations are performed on a computer to examine durability (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
特開２０１０－２０９５７６号公報JP 2010-209576 A
　ところが、現在行われているコンピュータによる力学計算は、主に静的応力に基づいて行われるものであり、動的応力については未だ検討の余地が残された状態にある。実際のところ、コンピュータ上でのシミュレーション結果は、構造物における動的応力の集中部位とは異なっている場合もある。 However, the computer-based dynamic calculation currently being performed is mainly based on static stress, and there is still room for study on dynamic stress. Actually, the simulation result on the computer may be different from the concentrated portion of the dynamic stress in the structure.
　また、立体造形物における検証も、立体造形物の表面に歪みゲージ等を貼着して計測する程度であり、表面的かつ部分的な応力の把握しかできていない。 Also, the verification of the three-dimensional object is only to measure the surface of the three-dimensional object by attaching a strain gauge or the like, and it is only possible to grasp the surface and partial stress.
　このような状況の中、近年では、構造物の内部応力について把握可能であり、また、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能なツールが求められている。 Under such circumstances, in recent years, there is a demand for a tool that can grasp the internal stress of a structure and can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress.
　また、橋梁などの大型の構造物に限らず、前述の机や椅子、ネジ、ボルトなど比較的小さな構造物においても同様の課題を有している。 In addition, not only large structures such as bridges, but also relatively small structures such as desks, chairs, screws, and bolts described above have similar problems.
　本発明は、斯かる事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、内部応力について把握可能であり、また、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な立体造形物を形成することのできる積層造形用材料を提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of grasping internal stress and forming a three-dimensional structure that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress. Provided is a material for additive manufacturing.
　また本発明では、応力分析用立体造形物や、構造物の設計改善方法についても提供する。 The present invention also provides a three-dimensional object for stress analysis and a method for improving the design of a structure.
　上記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明に係る積層造形用材料では、（１）入力された三次元データに基づいて複数の座標点間を連続又は断続的に走査し、可塑性を有する造形用材料を走査軌跡上で硬化しつつ積層させて所定の立体造形物を構築する積層造形装置に供給するための積層造形用材料であって、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなることとした。 In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, in the additive manufacturing material according to the present invention, (1) based on the input three-dimensional data, a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently to have plasticity. A material for layered modeling for supplying a layered molding apparatus that builds a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object by laminating materials for use on a scanning trajectory, and which can change between a plastic state and a cured state The base material contains a stress-stimulated luminescent material.
　また、本発明に係る積層造形用材料では、以下の点にも特徴を有する。
（２）前記樹脂基剤の硬化状態において縦弾性係数が1000nm/N以下であること。
（３）前記応力発光材料は、前記樹脂基剤中に10～90重量％の割合で含有されていること。
（４）前記応力発光材料の粒子径は10ｎｍ～100μｍであること。 In addition, the additive manufacturing material according to the present invention is also characterized by the following points.
(2) The longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state of the resin base.
(3) The stress-stimulated luminescent material is contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight.
(4) The particle size of the stress-stimulated luminescent material is 10 nm to 100 μm.
　また、本発明に係る応力分析用立体造形物では、（５）立体造形物の少なくとも一部に上記（１）～（４）いずれかの積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられていることとした。 In the three-dimensional model for stress analysis according to the present invention, (5) a stress light-emitting portion made of a cured body of the layered modeling material according to any one of (1) to (4) is provided in at least a part of the three-dimensional model. It was decided that
　また、本発明に係る応力分析用立体造形物では、（６）前記応力発光部は、前記立体造形物の内部に形成したことにも特徴を有する。 Further, in the three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to the present invention, (6) the stress light emitting portion is also characterized in that it is formed inside the three-dimensional object.
　また、本発明に係る構造物の設計改善方法では、（７）上記（５）又は（６）の応力分析用立体造形物を用いた構造物の設計改善方法であって、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により応力分析用立体造形物を構築する分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ応力発光部を発光させて、同応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとした。 Moreover, in the structural design improvement method according to the present invention, (7) the structural design improvement method using the three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to (5) or (6) above, A three-dimensional data creation step for creating three-dimensional data, a three-dimensional object for analysis that builds a three-dimensional object for stress analysis by a layered object modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data, and a three-dimensional object for stress analysis obtained A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing a stress light emission part to emit light while applying a predetermined external force to the light and viewing or recording a light emission image of the stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution A comparison study process for examining the design data of the structure while referring to the information and the structure data. In the comparison study process, it was determined that the design data needs to be improved. If the stress distribution It was to have a distribution information feedback process to change the design data based on the broadcast.
　また、本発明に係る構造物の設計改善方法では、（８）前記分布情報フィードバック工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要ではないと判断されるまで、前記三次元データ作成工程と、前記分析用造形物構築工程と、前記分布情報取得工程と、前記比較検討工程とを繰り返し行うことにも特徴を有する。 In the structural design improvement method according to the present invention, (8) in the distribution information feedback step, until it is determined that the design data need not be improved, the three-dimensional data creation step and the analysis It is also characterized by repeatedly performing the modeled object construction process, the distribution information acquisition process, and the comparative examination process.
　また、本発明に係る構造物の設計改善方法では、（９）所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により立体造形物を構築する造形物構築工程と、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を構築された立体造形物の少なくとも一部の表面に付着させ、付着応力発光部を備えた表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する表面分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた表面応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ付着応力発光部を発光させて、同付着応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとした。 Further, in the design improvement method for a structure according to the present invention, (9) a three-dimensional data creation step of creating three-dimensional data of a desired structure, and a three-dimensional modeled object by an additive manufacturing apparatus based on the three-dimensional data. Surface of at least a part of a three-dimensional structure formed by a layered structure material in which a stress luminescent material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state And applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis, and a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis to construct a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis having an adhesion stress light emitting portion. A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing the adhesion stress light emission part to emit light and visually or recording a light emission image of the adhesion stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution information and design data of the structure And see A comparison study process for examining the improvement of the design data, and if it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in the comparison study process, the design data is changed based on the stress distribution information. The distribution information feedback process is performed.
　本発明に係る積層造形用材料によれば、入力された三次元データに基づいて複数の座標点間を連続又は断続的に走査し、可塑性を有する造形用材料を走査軌跡上で硬化しつつ積層させて所定の立体造形物を構築する積層造形装置に供給するための積層造形用材料であって、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなることとしたため、内部応力について把握可能であり、また、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な立体造形物を形成することのできる積層造形用材料を提供することができる。 According to the additive manufacturing material according to the present invention, a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently based on the inputted three-dimensional data, and the plastic forming material is cured while being cured on the scanning locus. A layered modeling material for supplying to a layered modeling apparatus that constructs a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object, wherein a stress-luminescent material is included in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state Therefore, it is possible to provide a layered modeling material that can form a three-dimensional modeled object that can grasp internal stress and can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress. it can.
　また、前記樹脂基剤の硬化状態において縦弾性係数が1000nm/N以下であることとすれば、堅実な応力伝搬を実現することができ、応力に対する反応に優れた立体造形物を形成することができる。 Further, if the longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state of the resin base, it is possible to realize a solid stress propagation, and to form a three-dimensional molded article excellent in response to stress. it can.
　また、前記応力発光材料は、前記樹脂基剤中に10～90重量％の割合で含有されていることとすれば、十分かつ応力に応じて均一に発光可能な立体造形物を形成することができる。 Further, if the stress-stimulated luminescent material is contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight, it is possible to form a three-dimensional structure that can emit light sufficiently and uniformly according to the stress. it can.
　また、前記応力発光材料の粒子径は10ｎｍ～100μｍであることとすれば、応力発光材料の添加に由来する立体造形物の脆化を抑制することができ、試験的に付与した応力に対して更に良好な反応を示す立体造形物を形成することができる。 Moreover, if the particle diameter of the stress-stimulated luminescent material is 10 nm to 100 μm, embrittlement of the three-dimensional structure resulting from the addition of the stress-stimulated luminescent material can be suppressed. Furthermore, the three-dimensional molded item which shows a favorable reaction can be formed.
　また、本発明に係る応力分析用立体造形物によれば、立体造形物の少なくとも一部に請求項１～４いずれか１項に記載の積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられているため、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な応力分析用立体造形物を提供することができる。 In addition, according to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to the present invention, the stress light-emitting portion made of the cured body of the additive manufacturing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is provided in at least a part of the three-dimensional object. Therefore, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional object for stress analysis that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress.
　また、前記応力発光部は、前記立体造形物の内部に形成すれば、内部応力について把握可能であり、また、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な立体造形物を形成することができる。 In addition, if the stress light emitting part is formed inside the three-dimensional structure, it is possible to grasp the internal stress, and not only the static stress but also the three-dimensional structure that can grasp the dynamic stress. Can be formed.
　また、本発明に係る構造物の設計改善方法によれば、上述の応力分析用立体造形物を用いた構造物の設計改善方法であって、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により応力分析用立体造形物を構築する分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ応力発光部を発光させて、同応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとしたため、構造物の設計段階において、静的応力は勿論のこと動的応力についてまでも踏まえた設計を行うことができる。 Moreover, according to the structure improvement method for a structure according to the present invention, the structure improvement method using the above-described three-dimensional object for stress analysis, which is a three-dimensional data for creating three-dimensional data of a desired structure A predetermined external force is applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis obtained by the data creation process, the three-dimensional object model for stress analysis based on the three-dimensional data. A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing the stress light emission part to emit light and viewing or recording a light emission image of the stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution information and design data of the structure And a comparative study process for examining the improvement of the design data with reference to the above, and in the comparative study process, if it is determined that the design data needs to be improved, based on the stress distribution information Design Since it was decided to have the distribution information feedback process to change the over data, in the design phase of the structure, the static stress can be designed in light of even the course the dynamic stress.
　また、前記分布情報フィードバック工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要ではないと判断されるまで、前記三次元データ作成工程と、前記分析用造形物構築工程と、前記分布情報取得工程と、前記比較検討工程とを繰り返し行うこととすれば、より力学的に洗練された構造物のための設計を行うことができる。 Further, in the distribution information feedback step, until it is determined that the design data need not be improved, the three-dimensional data creation step, the analytical object construction step, the distribution information acquisition step, and the comparison If the examination process is repeated, it is possible to design for a more dynamically refined structure.
　また、本発明に係る構造物の設計改善方法によれば、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により立体造形物を構築する造形物構築工程と、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を構築された立体造形物の少なくとも一部の表面に付着させ、付着応力発光部を備えた表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する表面分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた表面応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ付着応力発光部を発光させて、同付着応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとしたため、構造物の設計段階において、静的応力は勿論のこと動的応力についてまでも踏まえた設計を行うことができる。 In addition, according to the design improvement method for a structure according to the present invention, a three-dimensional model is created by a three-dimensional modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data creation step for creating the three-dimensional data of the desired structure, and the three-dimensional data. On the surface of at least a part of the three-dimensional structure formed by the layered structure material comprising the stress-luminescent material in the resin base that can be changed between the plastic state and the cured state. Adhering and applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis, and a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis to construct a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis having an adhesion stress light emitting portion A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing the stress light emission part to emit light and visually or recording a light emission image of the adhesion stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution information and design data of the structure While referring to A comparative study process for examining the improvement of the design data. When it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in the comparative study process, the design data is changed based on the stress distribution information. Since the distribution information feedback step to be performed is included, it is possible to perform design based on dynamic stress as well as static stress in the design stage of the structure.
本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料における荷重、歪み、発光量の関係を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the relationship between the load in the additive manufacturing material which concerns on this embodiment, distortion, and the light-emission quantity. 本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料における応力発光材料の添加割合と発光量との関係を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the relationship between the addition ratio of the stress light-emitting material in the layered modeling material which concerns on this embodiment, and the light-emission quantity. 本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料の状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the layered modeling material which concerns on this embodiment. 応力分析用立体造形物の状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the three-dimensional molded item for stress analysis. 応力分析用立体造形物の状態を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the three-dimensional molded item for stress analysis. 構造物の設計改善方法の過程を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the process of the design improvement method of a structure.
　本発明は、入力された三次元データに基づいて複数の座標点間を連続又は断続的に走査し、可塑性を有する造形用材料を走査軌跡上で硬化しつつ積層させて所定の立体造形物を構築する積層造形装置に供給するための積層造形用材料であって、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を提供するものである。 The present invention continuously or intermittently scans between a plurality of coordinate points based on the input three-dimensional data, and laminates a plastic modeling material while curing it on a scanning trajectory to obtain a predetermined three-dimensional modeled object. Provided is a layered modeling material for supplying to a layered modeling apparatus to be constructed, wherein the layered modeling material includes a stress luminescent material in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state. Is.
　ここで、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料が供給される積層造形用装置は、例えば、所謂３Ｄプリンタと解することができる。具体的には、熱溶融積層造形方式や、インクジェット方式、粉末焼結造形方式、光造形方式等の３Ｄプリンタとすることができる。 Here, the additive manufacturing apparatus to which the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment is supplied can be understood as, for example, a so-called 3D printer. Specifically, a 3D printer such as a hot melt additive manufacturing method, an ink jet method, a powder sintering method, or an optical modeling method can be used.
　また、積層造形用装置において走査するのは、前述の熱溶融積層方式やインクジェット方式の如く造形用材料を吐出するヘッドであっても良く、粉末焼結造形方式や光造形方式の如く光照射部であっても良い。 Further, the scanning in the additive manufacturing apparatus may be a head that discharges the forming material as in the above-described hot-melt lamination method or the ink jet method, and the light irradiation unit as in the powder sintering method or the optical modeling method. It may be.
　また、樹脂基剤は可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能なものであれば良く、好ましくは後述の応力発光材料より発せられる蛍光の透過率が高く、また応力発光材料を励起させるための励起光の透過率の高い材料を採用するのが望ましい。このような材料としては、例えば光ラジカル重合、光カチオン重合、光アニオン重合等により生成する樹脂や、アクリル系樹脂、メタクリレート系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、ABS系樹脂、PLA系樹脂、PC樹脂、PP樹脂等を挙げることができる。 Further, the resin base may be any material that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state, and preferably has a high transmittance of fluorescence emitted from the stress-stimulated luminescent material described later, and excites the stress-stimulated luminescent material. It is desirable to employ a material having a high excitation light transmittance. Examples of such materials include resins generated by photo radical polymerization, photo cation polymerization, photo anion polymerization, etc., acrylic resins, methacrylate resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, ABS resins, PLA resins, PC resin, PP resin, etc. can be mentioned.
　また、樹脂基剤は、硬化状態において縦弾性係数が1000nm/N以下であるのが望ましい。このような樹脂基剤を用いることにより、（応力分析用）立体造形物に対して外力を付与した際に効率的な応力の伝搬を実現することができ、応答性に優れた立体造形物を形成することができる。 In addition, it is desirable that the resin base has a longitudinal elastic modulus of 1000 nm / N or less in the cured state. By using such a resin base, it is possible to realize efficient propagation of stress when an external force is applied to the three-dimensional object (for stress analysis), and a three-dimensional object excellent in responsiveness. Can be formed.
　応力発光材料は、機械的な外力により生じる変形によって発光するものであり、既知又は未知の材料を採用することができる。既知の応力発光材料としては、例えば、スピネル構造、コランダム構造、βアルミナ構造、ケイ酸塩、欠陥制御型アルミン酸塩、ウルツ鉱型構造と閃亜鉛鉱型構造とが共存する構造を有し酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物またはテルル化物を主成分として構成されるもの等を挙げることができる。 The stress luminescent material emits light by deformation caused by a mechanical external force, and a known or unknown material can be adopted. Known stress luminescent materials include, for example, spinel structure, corundum structure, β-alumina structure, silicate, defect-controlled aluminate, wurtzite structure and zinc-blende structure, and oxidation. , Sulfides, selenides, or tellurides, and the like.
　また、応力発光材料について、より具体的な代表例を挙げるならば、例えば、LiSrPO4:Eu2+や、LiBaPO4:Eu2+、xSrO・yAl2O3・zMO（Mは二価金属、Mg,Ca,Ba,x,y,zは整数である。即ち、Mは二価金属であれば限定されるものではないが、Mg,Ca,Baが好ましい。またx,y,zは１以上の整数を表す。）、xSrO・yAl2O3・zSiO2（x,y,zは整数である）、BaTiO3－CaTiO3:Pr（赤）、ZnS:M（Mは二価金属であれば限定されるものではないが、Mn,Ga,Cu等が望ましい）（赤～黄色）、SrAl2O4:Eu（緑）、CaAl2Si2O8:Eu（青）、Ca2Al2SiO7:Ce（青）、Ca2MgSi2O7:Ce（青）、SrAl2O4:Ce（青）、CaYAl3O7:Eu（青）、SrAl2O4:HoCe（紫外）、一般式Sr{1-(2x+3y+3z)/2}Al2O4:xEu2+, yCr3+, zNd3+ （ただし、x,y,z は、0.25～10mol%、好ましくは0.5～2mol%で表される。）（近赤外）等を用いることができる。 Further, for stress-stimulated luminescent materials, for example, LiSrPO 4 : Eu 2+ , LiBaPO 4 : Eu 2+ , xSrO · yAl 2 O 3 · zMO (M is a divalent metal, Mg, Ca, Ba, x, y, z are integers, that is, M is not limited as long as it is a divalent metal, but Mg, Ca, Ba is preferable, and x, y, z is 1 XSrO · yAl 2 O 3 · zSiO 2 (x, y, z are integers), BaTiO 3 —CaTiO 3 : Pr (red), ZnS: M (M is a divalent metal) Although not limited, Mn, Ga, Cu, etc. are desirable) (red to yellow), SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu (green), CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 : Eu (blue), Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 : Ce (blue), Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 : Ce (blue), SrAl 2 O 4 : Ce (blue), CaYAl 3 O 7 : Eu (blue), SrAl 2 O 4 : HoCe (ultraviolet) , General formula Sr {1- (2x + 3y + 3z) / 2} Al 2 O 4 : xEu 2+ , yCr 3+ , zNd 3+ (where x, y and z are 0.25 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.5-2 mol%)) (near infrared) etc. can be used
　また、このような応力発光材料は、樹脂基剤中に10～90重量％、より好ましくは50～80重量％の割合で含有するようにしても良い。このような割合で添加することにより、十分かつ応力に応じて均一に発光可能な立体造形物を形成することができる。 Further, such a stress-stimulated luminescent material may be contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight. By adding in such a ratio, it is possible to form a three-dimensional structure that can emit light sufficiently and uniformly according to stress.
　また、樹脂基剤に添加される応力発光材料の粒子径は、10ｎｍ～100μｍとすることができる。このような粒子径とすることにより、応力発光材料の添加に由来する立体造形物の脆化を抑制することができ、試験的に付与した応力に対して更に良好な反応を示す立体造形物を形成することができる。 In addition, the particle diameter of the stress-stimulated luminescent material added to the resin base can be 10 nm to 100 μm. By setting it as such a particle diameter, embrittlement of the three-dimensional molded item resulting from addition of a stress luminescent material can be suppressed, and the three-dimensional molded item which shows a further favorable reaction with respect to the stress applied experimentally. Can be formed.
　また本願は、立体造形物の少なくとも一部に上述の積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられた応力分析用立体造形物を提供するものでもある。 The present application also provides a three-dimensional object for stress analysis in which at least a part of the three-dimensional object is provided with a stress light emitting portion made of a cured body of the above-mentioned additive manufacturing material.
　このような応力分析用立体造形物は、実際の構造物に対して付与されるであろうと予測される外力に相当する外力、すなわち、実際の構造物と応力分析用立体造形物とのスケール比に応じた外力を付与することにより、応力発光部に付与された応力に応じて発光させることができる。しかも、この応力発光部は付与された応力の変化に応じて発光を経時的に変化させることが可能であるため、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な応力分析用立体造形物を提供することができる。 Such a three-dimensional object for stress analysis is an external force corresponding to an external force that is expected to be applied to the actual structure, that is, a scale ratio between the actual structure and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis. By applying an external force according to the above, it is possible to emit light according to the stress applied to the stress light emitting portion. In addition, since the stress light emission part can change the light emission over time according to the applied stress change, it can be used for stress analysis as well as dynamic stress. A three-dimensional model can be provided.
　また、この応力発光部は、応力分析用立体造形物の表面のみならず、内部やその両者に設けるようにしても良い。特に、応力発光部を応力分析用立体造形物の内部に設けることにより、外力に応じた内部応力について、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能となる。 Further, this stress light emitting portion may be provided not only on the surface of the three-dimensional object for stress analysis but also on the inside or both. In particular, by providing the stress light emitting part inside the three-dimensional object for stress analysis, it is possible to grasp not only the static stress but also the dynamic stress with respect to the internal stress corresponding to the external force.
　また本願は、構造物の設計改善方法を提供するものでもある。特に本実施形態に係る構造物の設計改善方法では、三次元データ作成工程と、分析用造形物構築工程と、分布情報取得工程と、比較検討工程と、分布情報フィードバック工程を有することに特徴を有している。 This application also provides a method for improving the design of a structure. In particular, the structural design improvement method according to the present embodiment is characterized in that it has a three-dimensional data creation process, an analytical shaped object construction process, a distribution information acquisition process, a comparative examination process, and a distribution information feedback process. Have.
　三次元データ作成工程は、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する工程であり、具体的には、所望する構造物の設計図等を紙面上やコンピュータ上にて作成する工程と解することができる。例えば、コンピュータを用いて本工程を行うにあたっては、接触式又は非接触式の三次元測定機や３Ｄスキャナなど、三次元的な形状が計測できる装置を介して現存する構造物のデータをコンピュータに取り込むことで三次元データを作成するようにしても良い。 The 3D data creation process is a process of creating 3D data of a desired structure. Specifically, it is understood as a process of creating a design drawing or the like of a desired structure on paper or on a computer. Can do. For example, when performing this process using a computer, the data of the existing structure is transferred to the computer via a device capable of measuring a three-dimensional shape, such as a contact-type or non-contact-type coordinate measuring machine or a 3D scanner. You may make it produce three-dimensional data by taking in.
　分析用造形物構築工程は、三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により応力分析用立体造形物を構築する工程である。具体的には、前述の三次元データ作成工程にて作成した設計図等を、所謂３Ｄプリンタ等に対し同３Ｄプリンタが要求する所定の形式で供給することにより行われる。また、３Ｄプリンタには、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料が少なくとも供給されており、形成される立体造形物は、その一部又は全部に応力発光部が形成された応力分析用立体造形物となる。 The analytical modeling object construction process is a process of constructing a three-dimensional modeling object for stress analysis using an additive manufacturing apparatus based on three-dimensional data. Specifically, the design drawing created in the above-described 3D data creation process is supplied to a so-called 3D printer or the like in a predetermined format required by the 3D printer. In addition, the 3D modeling material according to the present embodiment is supplied to the 3D printer at least, and the formed three-dimensional object is a three-dimensional object for stress analysis in which a stress light-emitting portion is formed in part or all. It becomes.
　分布情報取得工程は、得られた応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ応力発光部を発光させて、同応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する工程である。 In the distribution information acquisition process, the stress light emission part is caused to emit light while applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and the light emission image of the stress light emission part is visually or recorded. It is a process of acquiring information.
　応力分析用立体造形物に対して付与する外力は、前述の通り、実際の構造物と応力分析用立体造形物とのスケール比に応じた外力を付与するのが望ましい。また、外力は静的な応力であっても良く、動的な応力であっても良い。なお、応力を付与する応力分析用立体造形物は、積層造形装置にて形成されたものを必ずしもそのまま用いる必要はなく、適宜掘削等の加工を施したものであっても良く、別の立体造形物と組み合わせた状態で用いても良いのは勿論である。 As described above, it is desirable that the external force applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis is an external force corresponding to the scale ratio between the actual structure and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis. The external force may be a static stress or a dynamic stress. In addition, it is not necessary to use what was formed in the layered manufacturing apparatus as it is, and the three-dimensional object for stress analysis which gives stress may be a thing which performed processing of excavation etc. suitably, and another three-dimensional modeling Of course, it may be used in combination with an object.
　応力発光部は、これら応力に応じた発光分布を示す。本工程では、応力発光部から発せられる光が可視光である場合、この発光像を目視確認することにより応力が集中している部位や、応力を分散させるべき部位などを把握して応力の分布情報を取得することができる。 The stress light emission part shows a light emission distribution according to these stresses. In this process, when the light emitted from the stress light-emitting part is visible light, the distribution of the stress by grasping the part where the stress is concentrated and the part where the stress should be dispersed by grasping the light emission image visually. Information can be acquired.
　また、応力発光部から発せられる光が可視光であるか否かに拘わらず、この光を捉えることが可能な記録装置、例えばフィルムカメラやデジタルカメラ、動画撮影装置などにより撮像したり、例えば本発明者らが開発した応力履歴記録システムなど光反応材料により記録する方法で応力の分布情報を取得することも可能である。 In addition, regardless of whether the light emitted from the stress light emitting portion is visible light or not, it can be imaged by a recording device that can capture this light, such as a film camera, a digital camera, a moving image photographing device, etc. It is also possible to acquire stress distribution information by a method of recording with a photoreactive material such as a stress history recording system developed by the inventors.
　比較検討工程は、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う工程である。ここで設計データとは、構造物の設計に係るデータを意味しており、前述の三次元データを含む更に上位の概念である。すなわち、設計データは、構造物の三次元データは勿論のこと、同構造物の強度等に関連するような周辺の地盤データ等も含む概念である。 The comparative examination process is a process for examining the improvement of the design data while referring to the obtained stress distribution information and the design data of the structure. Here, the design data means data related to the design of the structure, and is a higher concept including the above-described three-dimensional data. That is, the design data is a concept including not only the three-dimensional data of the structure but also the surrounding ground data and the like related to the strength of the structure.
　分布情報フィードバック工程は、比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う工程である。すなわち、比較検討工程において設計データ上改善する必要があると認められた事項について、応力分布情報に基づき実際に設計データ上に反映させる工程である。 The distribution information feedback step is a step of changing the design data based on the stress distribution information when it is determined in the comparative examination step that the design data needs to be improved. That is, it is a step of actually reflecting on the design data the items recognized as needing improvement in the design data in the comparative examination step based on the stress distribution information.
　また、上述の三次元データ作成工程と、分析用造形物構築工程と、分布情報取得工程と、比較検討工程と、分布情報フィードバック工程とは、同分布情報フィードバック工程において設計データの改善が必要ないとの判断に至るまで繰り返し行うようにしても良い。 In addition, the above-described three-dimensional data creation process, analytical model construction process, distribution information acquisition process, comparison study process, and distribution information feedback process do not require improvement of design data in the same distribution information feedback process. It may be repeatedly performed until the determination is made.
　このような構成を備えることにより、更に力学的に洗練された構造物のための設計を行うことができる。 By providing such a configuration, it is possible to design a structure that is further refined dynamically.
　また、本実施形態に係る構造物の設計改善方法は、三次元データ作成工程と、造形物構築工程と、表面分析用造形物構築工程と、分布情報取得工程と、比較検討工程と、分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとしても良い。ここで、三次元データ作成工程と、分布情報取得工程と、比較検討工程と、分布情報フィードバック工程とは、前述した同工程と略同様であるため説明を省略する。 In addition, the structure design improving method according to the present embodiment includes a three-dimensional data creation process, a model building process, a surface analysis model building process, a distribution information acquisition process, a comparative examination process, and a distribution information. It is good also as having a feedback process. Here, the three-dimensional data creation process, the distribution information acquisition process, the comparative examination process, and the distribution information feedback process are substantially the same as the above-described processes, and thus description thereof is omitted.
　造形物構築工程は、三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により立体造形物を構築する工程であり、本工程においては応力発光部の形成を要しない点で前述の分析用造形物構築工程と相違している。 The model building process is a process of building a three-dimensional modeled object with a layered modeling apparatus based on three-dimensional data, and is different from the above-described analytical model building process in that it does not require the formation of a stress light emitting part in this process. is doing.
　表面分析用造形物構築工程は、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を構築された立体造形物の少なくとも一部の表面に付着させ、付着応力発光部を備えた表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する工程である。 The surface analysis shaped article construction process includes at least a part of a three-dimensional shaped article in which a layered modeling material in which a stress luminescent material is included in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state. It is a step of building a three-dimensionally shaped object for surface stress analysis, which is attached to the surface and provided with an adhesion stress light emitting part.
　すなわち、積層造形装置にて形成された立体造形物の表面の一部又は全部に、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料を塗布するなどして付着させ、付着応力発光部を形成して表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する工程である。 That is, by applying the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment to a part or all of the surface of the three-dimensional object formed by the additive manufacturing apparatus, the adhesion stress light-emitting portion is formed and surface stress is applied. It is a process of constructing a three-dimensional object for analysis.
　そして、このような構造物の設計改善方法によっても、立体造形物の表面的な力学特性を把握して設計にフィードバックさせることができ、より優れた構造物の構築を支援することが可能となる。 And also by such a structure improvement method of a structure, it is possible to grasp the surface mechanical characteristics of the three-dimensional structure and feed it back to the design, and it is possible to support the construction of a more excellent structure. .
　以下、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料、応力分析用立体造形物、構造物の設計改善方法について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, a method for improving the design of the additive manufacturing material, the three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and the structure according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
〔１．積層造形用材料の調製〕
　応力に呼応して近赤外光（Sr{1-(2x+3y+3z)/2}Al2O4:xEu2+, yCr3+, zNd3+系）、赤色光（BaTiO3－CaTiO3:Pr系）、緑色光（SrAl2O4:Eu系）、青色光（SrAl2O4:Ce系）、紫外光（SrAl2O4:HoCe系）の発光を示す５種の応力発光材料を、市販の３Ｄプリンタ用造形材料７種に対して終濃度50重量％で添加し、十分に攪拌を行って本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料の調製を行った。具体的には、表１に示す通りである。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 [1. Preparation of additive manufacturing material]
Near infrared light (Sr {1- (2x + 3y + 3z) / 2} Al 2 O 4 : xEu 2+ , yCr 3+ , zNd 3+ system), red light (BaTiO 3 -CaTiO in response to stress) 3 : Pr), green light (SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu system), blue light (SrAl 2 O 4 : Ce system), ultraviolet light (SrAl 2 O 4 : HoCe system) The material was added at a final concentration of 50% by weight with respect to seven types of commercially available modeling materials for 3D printers, and stirred sufficiently to prepare the layered modeling material according to this embodiment. Specifically, it is as shown in Table 1.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　次に、調製したサンプル番号１～３５の積層造形用材料を円柱型の型枠に収容し、各積層造形用材料を硬化させることで試験片の形成を行った。試験片は直径25mm×高さ10mmの円柱状に形成した。 Next, the prepared layered modeling materials of Sample Nos. 1 to 35 were accommodated in a cylindrical mold, and each layered modeling material was cured to form a test piece. The test piece was formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 10 mm.
　そして、各サンプル番号１～３５に対応する試験片に対し、手で押圧することでそれぞれ外力を付与したところ、いずれの試験片においても添加した応力発光材料に応じた色の蛍光が観察された。すなわち、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料は、外力に呼応して応力発光材料に応じた色の蛍光を発することが確認された。 Then, when an external force was applied to each of the test pieces corresponding to the sample numbers 1 to 35 by hand pressing, fluorescence of a color corresponding to the stress-stimulated luminescent material added was observed in any of the test pieces. . That is, it was confirmed that the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment emits fluorescence of a color corresponding to the stress-stimulated luminescent material in response to an external force.
〔２．至適縦弾性係数の検討〕
　次に、前述の市販の３Ｄプリンタ用造形材料７種に対して緑色光を発光するSrAl2O4:Eu系の応力発光材料を添加したPRH-緑色（サンプル番号3）、LCR-緑色（サンプル番号8）、XYZ-緑色（サンプル番号13）、HC-緑色（サンプル番号18）、M3-緑色（サンプル番号23）、CR-CL-緑色（サンプル番号28）、MJT-緑色（サンプル番号33）を用い、至適縦弾性係数の検討を行った。 [2. (Investigation of optimal longitudinal elastic modulus)
Next, PRH-green (sample number 3) and LCR-green (sample) with the addition of SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light to the above-mentioned 7 types of modeling materials for 3D printers Number 8), XYZ-green (sample number 13), HC-green (sample number 18), M3-green (sample number 23), CR-CL-green (sample number 28), MJT-green (sample number 33) The optimal longitudinal elastic modulus was studied using
　具体的には、前述の〔１．積層造形用材料の調製〕にて形成したサンプル番号3、8、13、18、23、28の試験片（直径25mm×高さ10mm）に対し、０～1000Nの加重を外力として付与しつつ、そのときの歪みの計測を行った。その結果を図１に示す。 Specifically, the above-mentioned [1. While applying a load of 0 to 1000 N as an external force to the test pieces (diameter 25 mm × height 10 mm) of sample numbers 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 formed in “Preparation of material for additive manufacturing” The distortion at that time was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
　図１（ａ）は加重と歪みとの関係を示したグラフであり、横軸が加重、縦軸が歪みである。また、図１（ｂ）は1000N負荷時における歪みと観測された光子数との関係を示したグラフであり、横軸が歪み、縦軸が20ミリ秒あたりの光子数である。 FIG. 1 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between weighting and distortion, with the horizontal axis representing weight and the vertical axis representing distortion. FIG. 1B is a graph showing the relationship between strain at 1000 N load and the number of observed photons, where the horizontal axis is the strain and the vertical axis is the number of photons per 20 milliseconds.
　図１（ａ）に示すように、いずれの試験片においても、加重に応じて大凡比例する歪みが観察された。また、図１（ｂ）に示すように、1000N負荷時における発光量では、LCR-緑色（サンプル番号8）、CR-CL-緑色（サンプル番号28）、MJT-緑色（サンプル番号33）、M3-緑色（サンプル番号23）、XYZ-緑色（サンプル番号13）において、比較的歪みが小さく大きな発光量が観察された。 As shown in FIG. 1 (a), in any of the test pieces, a strain proportional to the weight was observed. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the light emission amount at 1000N load is LCR-green (sample number 8), CR-CL-green (sample number 28), MJT-green (sample number 33), M3 -Large amounts of luminescence were observed with relatively small distortion in green (sample number 23) and XYZ-green (sample number 13).
　一方、PRH-緑色（サンプル番号3）や、HC-緑色（サンプル番号18）は、応力分析用立体造形物を構築するための積層造形用材料として利用可能なものの、発光量に対して歪みが大きい傾向が認められた。 On the other hand, although PRH-green (sample number 3) and HC-green (sample number 18) can be used as additive manufacturing materials for constructing a three-dimensional object for stress analysis, there is distortion with respect to the amount of emitted light. A large trend was observed.
　これらの結果から、応力分析用立体造形物を構築するための積層造形用材料としては、外力に対する鋭敏な発光性を向上させるにあたり、縦弾性係数が1000nm/N以下、より好ましくは600nm/N以下が好ましいことが確認された。 From these results, as the additive manufacturing material for constructing a three-dimensional object for stress analysis, the longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less, more preferably 600 nm / N or less, in improving the sensitive light-emitting property to external force. Was confirmed to be preferable.
〔３．至適添加量の検討〕
　次に、比較的少ない歪みで比較的大きな発光量が得られたMJT-緑色（サンプル番号33）をベースに、添加する応力発光材料の添加量を変化させ、その至適添加量について検討を行った。 [3. (Investigation of optimum addition amount)
Next, based on MJT-green (sample No. 33), which obtained a relatively large amount of light emission with relatively little distortion, the amount of stress-stimulated luminescent material to be added was changed, and the optimum amount added was examined. It was.
　具体的には、マイクロジェット社製光硬化樹脂中に、緑色光の蛍光を発するSrAl2O4:Eu系応力発光材料を０重量％、30重量％、50重量％、70重量％、90重量％の割合で添加し、十分に混合することで積層造形用材料を得た。 Specifically, SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light fluorescence is contained in a photo-curing resin manufactured by Microjet Co., Ltd. at 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%. The material for additive manufacturing was obtained by adding at a ratio of% and mixing well.
　次いで、これらの積層造形用材料を円柱型の型枠に収容し、各積層造形用材料を硬化させることで試験片の形成を行った。試験片は直径25mm×高さ10mmの円柱状に形成した。 Next, these additive manufacturing materials were housed in a cylindrical mold, and each additive manufacturing material was cured to form a test piece. The test piece was formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 25 mm and a height of 10 mm.
　そして、これらの試験片に対し0.7mW/cm2の強度で365nmの紫外線を励起光として１分間照射し、５分後に加重を1000Nに至るまで三角波状に負荷して発光を計測した。その結果を図２に示す。 These test pieces were irradiated with ultraviolet light of 365 nm with an intensity of 0.7 mW / cm 2 as excitation light for 1 minute, and after 5 minutes, the load was applied in a triangular wave shape up to 1000 N, and light emission was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
　図２（ａ）は、加重と発光強度の経時変化を示すグラフであり、横軸が時間、左縦軸が発光強度、右縦軸が加重である。また、図２（ｂ）は応力発光材料の混合割合と発光強度との関係を示すグラフであり、図２（ａ）における各サンプルの最大発光強度近傍の値をプロットしたものである。横軸は応力発光材料の添加量、左縦軸は応力発光強度（白丸）、右縦軸は発光強度（四角）を示している。 FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing changes over time in weighting and light emission intensity, with the horizontal axis representing time, the left vertical axis representing light emission intensity, and the right vertical axis representing weighting. FIG. 2B is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of the stress-stimulated luminescent material and the light emission intensity, in which values near the maximum light emission intensity of each sample in FIG. 2A are plotted. The horizontal axis represents the amount of stress-stimulated luminescent material added, the left vertical axis represents the stress emission intensity (white circle), and the right vertical axis represents the emission intensity (square).
　図２（ａ）からも分かるように、いずれの濃度で添加したサンプルにおいても、外力に応じて良好な発光特性を示すことが確認された。また、図２（ｂ）から分かるように、樹脂基剤への応力発光材料の添加割合Ｘは、０重量％＜Ｘ≦90重量％、より好ましくは10重量％≦Ｘ≦90重量％の範囲内で実用的な応力分析用立体造形物が得られることが示された。 As can be seen from FIG. 2 (a), it was confirmed that the sample added at any concentration showed good light emission characteristics depending on the external force. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 2B, the ratio X of the stress-stimulated luminescent material added to the resin base is in the range of 0 wt% <X ≦ 90 wt%, more preferably 10 wt% ≦ X ≦ 90 wt%. It was shown that a practical three-dimensional model for stress analysis can be obtained.
　また、図３に示すように、応力発光材料を90重量％添加したサンプルにおいては、実用上差し支えはないものの、若干の分散ムラ（黒矢じりで示す）が確認され、また図示は省略するが応力発光材料を80重量％を添加したサンプルにおいてムラは確認されなかったため、応力発光材料の配合割合Ｘは、更に好ましくは10重量％≦Ｘ≦80重量％程度であるものと考えられた。 Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the sample to which 90% by weight of the stress-stimulated luminescent material was added, although there was no practical problem, some dispersion unevenness (indicated by a black arrowhead) was confirmed, and although not shown, the stress was not shown. Since unevenness was not confirmed in the sample to which 80% by weight of the luminescent material was added, the compounding ratio X of the stress luminescent material was considered to be more preferably about 10% by weight ≦ X ≦ 80% by weight.
　また更には、大凡60重量％程度の所に最大発光量のピークが予測されることから、応力発光材料の添加割合Ｘを30重量％≦Ｘ≦80重量％、更に好ましくは50重量％≦Ｘ≦80重量％とすることにより、良好な積層造形用材料が得られることが示唆された。 Furthermore, since the peak of the maximum light emission amount is predicted at about 60% by weight, the addition ratio X of the stress luminescent material is 30% by weight ≦ X ≦ 80% by weight, more preferably 50% by weight ≦ X. It was suggested that by making ≦ 80% by weight, a good additive manufacturing material can be obtained.
〔４．応力分析用立体造形物の作成〕
　次に、マイクロジェット社製の光硬化樹脂に対し、緑色光の蛍光を発するSrAl2O4:Eu系応力発光材料を70重量％の割合で添加して積層造形用材料を調製し、この積層造形用材料用いて応力分析用立体造形物を構築すると共に、その応力発光について確認を行った。 [4. Creating a three-dimensional object for stress analysis)
Next, an SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light fluorescence is added to the photo-curing resin manufactured by Microjet Co. at a ratio of 70% by weight to prepare an additive manufacturing material. While constructing a three-dimensional model for stress analysis using the modeling material, the light emission from the stress was confirmed.
（４－１．バネ）
　まず、コンピュータを用い、３ＤＣＡＤ上にてバネの三次元データの作成を行った（三次元データ作成工程）。 (4-1. Spring)
First, using a computer, spring 3D data was created on 3D CAD (3D data creation process).
　次いで、作成した三次元データを所定のフォーマットに変換し、XYZプリンティングジャパン株式会社製ダヴィンチ 1.0A（積層造形装置）に送信すると共に、同積層造形装置に上記積層造形用材料を供して応力分析用立体造形物としてのバネを構築した（図４（ａ）参照。）。なお、このバネにおいては、応力発光部が応力分析用立体造形物の全体に形成されている。 Next, the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to XYZ Printing Japan Co., Ltd. Da Vinci 1.0A (additive modeling device), and the additive manufacturing material is provided to the additive manufacturing device for stress analysis. A spring as a three-dimensional model was constructed (see FIG. 4A). In addition, in this spring, the stress light emission part is formed in the whole three-dimensional molded item for stress analysis.
　次に、このバネに対して半径方向外方より指で押圧することにより外力を加え、デジタルカメラにて撮影を行ったところ、応力の分布に応じた発光が観察された（分布情報取得工程）。 Next, an external force was applied to the spring by pressing it with a finger from the outside in the radial direction, and when photographing was performed with a digital camera, light emission corresponding to the stress distribution was observed (distribution information acquisition step). .
　このように、作成したバネは、本実施形態に係る応力分析用立体造形物として機能できることが確認された。 Thus, it was confirmed that the created spring can function as a three-dimensionally shaped object for stress analysis according to the present embodiment.
（４－２．橋梁）
　既に構築されている橋梁（図５（ａ）参照）に関し、加重が付与された際の問題点を探るべく、応力分析用立体造形物の構築を行った。 (4-2. Bridges)
Regarding the already constructed bridge (see FIG. 5A), a three-dimensionally shaped object for stress analysis was constructed in order to investigate problems when weight was applied.
　まず、橋梁建築の際に使用された設計図面をコンピュータの３ＤＣＡＤ上に落とし込み、縮尺を縮小して三次元データの作成を行った（三次元データ作成工程）。 First, design drawings used for bridge construction were dropped onto 3D CAD on a computer, and the scale was reduced to create 3D data (3D data creation process).
　次に、作成した三次元データを所定のフォーマットに変換し、XYZプリンティングジャパン株式会社製ダヴィンチ 1.0A（積層造形装置）に送信すると共に、同積層造形装置に前述の応力発光材料を含んだ積層造形用材料と、応力発光材料を含まない積層造形用材料との２種類を供して応力分析用立体造形物としての橋梁模型を構築した（図５（ｂ）参照。）。なお、作成した橋梁模型の応力発光部は、アーチ状の梁の内部、及び、道路内部に部分的に形成しており、それ以外の部分は応力発光材料を含まない積層造形用材料にて形成した（分析用造形物構築工程）。 Next, the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to XYZ Printing Japan Co., Ltd. Da Vinci 1.0A (laminated modeling apparatus), and the laminated modeling apparatus includes the above-described stress luminescent material. A bridge model as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis was constructed by providing two types of modeling material and a layered modeling material that does not contain a stress luminescent material (see FIG. 5B). The stress light emission part of the created bridge model is partly formed inside the arched beam and inside the road, and the other part is made of additive manufacturing material that does not contain stress light emission material. (Analyzed object construction process).
　次に、この橋梁模型に対して加振試験機を用いて所定周波数の外力を付与し、アーチ状の梁の内部、及び、道路内部における動的応力の分散状態をデジタルビデオカメラにて撮影を行った。その結果、撮影された動画には、周波数の変動に伴い、内部の動的応力の集中部位が経時的に変化する様子が納められた（分布情報取得工程）。 Next, an external force of a predetermined frequency is applied to this bridge model using a vibration testing machine, and the dynamic stress distribution inside the arched beam and inside the road is photographed with a digital video camera. went. As a result, the captured moving image includes a state in which the concentration portion of the internal dynamic stress changes with time according to the change in frequency (distribution information acquisition step).
　このように、作成した橋梁模型は、本実施形態に係る応力分析用立体造形物として機能できることが確認された。 Thus, it was confirmed that the created bridge model can function as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis according to the present embodiment.
〔５．構造物の設計の改善〕
　次に、構造物としての骨盤プレートの設計の改善を行った例について説明する。骨盤プレートは骨折箇所の内固定に使用される部材であり、加重に対して十分な強度を備える必要がある一方、軽量化も求められる。本項においては、図６（ａ）に示す骨盤プレートについて、力学的強度の低下を抑制しつつ、更に軽量化された骨盤プレートを開発すべく設計の改善を行った。 [5. (Improved structure design)
Next, the example which improved the design of the pelvis plate as a structure is demonstrated. The pelvic plate is a member used for internal fixation of a fracture site, and it is necessary to provide sufficient strength against weighting, but weight reduction is also required. In this section, the design of the pelvic plate shown in FIG. 6A was improved to develop a pelvic plate that is further reduced in weight while suppressing a decrease in mechanical strength.
　まず、ミツトヨ株式会社製接触式三次元測定機を用いて骨盤プレートをスキャニングし、３ＤＣＡＤ上にて骨盤プレートの三次元データの作成を行った（三次元データ作成工程）。 First, the pelvic plate was scanned using a contact type three-dimensional measuring machine manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation, and three-dimensional data of the pelvic plate was created on 3D CAD (three-dimensional data creation step).
　次に、作成した三次元データを所定のフォーマットに変換し、キーエンス株式会社製アジリスタ（インクジェット式積層造形装置）に送信すると共に、同積層造形装置に応力発光材料を含まない積層造形用材料を供して、応力分析用立体造形物としての骨盤プレート模型を構築した（図６（ｂ）の上の模型Ａ）（分析用造形物構築工程）。 Next, the created three-dimensional data is converted into a predetermined format and transmitted to Keyence Co., Ltd.'s Agilista (inkjet additive manufacturing apparatus), and the additive manufacturing apparatus does not contain a stress luminescent material. Then, a pelvic plate model as a three-dimensional model for stress analysis was constructed (model A on FIG. 6B) (analytical model construction process).
　次に、応力発光材料を含まない骨盤プレート模型の表面略全域に対し、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料（緑色光の蛍光を発するSrAl2O4:Eu系応力発光材料を70重量％の割合で添加したもの）を有機溶媒に溶かして塗料化したものを塗布して付着応力発光部を形成し、表面応力分析用立体造形物としての骨盤プレート模型Ｂ（図６（ｂ）の中央の模型）を作成した。 Next, the layered modeling material according to this embodiment (SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu-based stress luminescent material that emits green light fluorescence is 70% by weight with respect to substantially the entire surface of the pelvic plate model that does not include the stress luminescent material. The adhesion stress light-emitting portion is formed by applying a paint dissolved in an organic solvent, and the pelvic plate model B (three-dimensional model for surface stress analysis) (in the center of FIG. 6B). Model).
　次に、得られた骨盤プレート模型Ｂに対して外力を加え、デジタルカメラにて撮影を行ったところ、図６（ｃ）に示すように、いずれの骨盤プレート模型においても応力の分布に応じた発光が観察された（分布情報取得工程）。 Next, an external force was applied to the obtained pelvic plate model B, and photographing was performed with a digital camera. As shown in FIG. 6C, according to the distribution of stress in any pelvic plate model. Luminescence was observed (distribution information acquisition step).
　次に、得られた応力分布情報としての撮像画像と設計データとを参照しつつ、力学的強度の維持と軽量化との両立について検討を行った（比較検討工程）。 Next, the coexistence of maintaining the mechanical strength and reducing the weight was examined while referring to the obtained image and the design data as the stress distribution information (comparison study process).
　その結果、これらの両立を実現するためには設計データの改善が必要であると判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を行うことで、設計の改善を行うことができる。 As a result, when it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in order to achieve both of these, the design information can be changed by performing a distribution information feedback process for changing the design data based on the stress distribution information. Improvements can be made.
　なお、本項では応力発光材料を含まない骨盤プレート模型Ａに付着応力発光部を形成してなる骨盤プレート模型Ｂを用いた設計の改善例について説明したが、応力発光材料を含む骨盤プレート模型、すなわち、少なくとも一部に本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられた骨盤プレート模型を用いることのよっても、設計の改善を行うことができるのは勿論である。 In this section, the improvement example of the design using the pelvic plate model B in which the adhesion stress light emitting portion is formed on the pelvic plate model A not including the stress luminescent material has been described, but the pelvic plate model including the stress luminescent material, That is, it is a matter of course that the design can be improved even by using a pelvic plate model at least partially including a stress light emitting portion made of a cured body of the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment. .
　また、本項では骨盤プレートの設計の改善を例に説明したが、前述の（４－１．バネ）や（４－２．橋梁）にて作成したバネや橋梁模型についても、本項にて行ったプロセスに従うことで、同様に設計の改善を行うことが可能であるのは言うまでもない。 In this section, the improvement of the design of the pelvis plate was explained as an example. However, the spring and bridge model created in (4-1. Spring) and (4-2. Bridge) described above are also described in this section. It goes without saying that it is possible to improve the design as well by following the process performed.
　上述してきたように、本実施形態に係る積層造形用材料によれば、入力された三次元データに基づいて複数の座標点間を連続又は断続的に走査し、可塑性を有する造形用材料を走査軌跡上で硬化しつつ積層させて所定の立体造形物を構築する積層造形装置に供給するための積層造形用材料であって、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなることとしたため、内部応力について把握可能であり、また、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な立体造形物を形成することのできる積層造形用材料を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the additive manufacturing material according to the present embodiment, a plurality of coordinate points are scanned continuously or intermittently based on the input three-dimensional data, and the modeling material having plasticity is scanned. It is a material for additive manufacturing for supplying to an additive manufacturing apparatus that builds up a predetermined three-dimensional object by laminating while curing on a trajectory, and in a resin base that can change between a plastic state and a cured state Since it is assumed that stress-stimulated luminescent material is included, it is possible to grasp internal stress, and additive manufacturing that can form a three-dimensional structure that can grasp not only static stress but also dynamic stress. Materials can be provided.
　また、本実施形態に係る応力分析用立体造形物によれば、前記立体造形物の少なくとも一部に上述の積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられているため、静的応力は勿論のこと、動的応力についてまでも把握可能な応力分析用立体造形物を提供することができる。 Further, according to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to the present embodiment, since at least a part of the three-dimensional object is provided with the stress light emitting portion made of the cured body of the layered object material described above, static stress is provided. Needless to say, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional object for stress analysis that can grasp even dynamic stress.
　また、本実施形態に係る構造物の設計改善方法によれば、上述の応力分析用立体造形物を用いた構造物の設計改善方法であって、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により応力分析用立体造形物を構築する分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ応力発光部を発光させて、同応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとしたため、構造物の設計段階において、静的応力は勿論のこと動的応力についてまでも踏まえた設計を行うことができる。 In addition, according to the design improvement method for a structure according to the present embodiment, it is a design improvement method for a structure using the above-described three-dimensional object for stress analysis, and is a tertiary that creates three-dimensional data of a desired structure. A predetermined external force is applied to the three-dimensional object for stress analysis and the three-dimensional object for analysis for analyzing the three-dimensional object for stress analysis based on the three-dimensional data, based on the three-dimensional data. A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing a stress light emission part to emit light while visually applying or recording a light emission image of the stress light emission part, and design of the obtained stress distribution information and the structure A comparison study step for examining the design data for improvement while referring to the data, and if it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in the comparison study step, the stress distribution information is included in the stress distribution information. On the basis of Since it was decided to have the distribution information feedback process to change the total data, in the design phase of the structure, the static stress can be designed in light of even the course the dynamic stress.
　また、本実施形態に係る構造物の設計改善方法によれば、所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により立体造形物を構築する造形物構築工程と、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を構築された立体造形物の少なくとも一部の表面に付着させ、付着応力発光部を備えた表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する表面分析用造形物構築工程と、得られた表面応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ付着応力発光部を発光させて、同付着応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することとしたため、構造物の設計段階において、静的応力は勿論のこと動的応力についてまでも踏まえた設計を行うことができる。 Moreover, according to the design improvement method for a structure according to the present embodiment, a three-dimensional model is created by a three-dimensional model creation process based on the three-dimensional data creation step of creating the three-dimensional data of the desired structure, and the three-dimensional data. Surface of at least a part of a three-dimensional structure formed by a layered structure material in which a stress luminescent material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state And applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis, and a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis to construct a three-dimensional object for surface stress analysis having an adhesion stress light emitting portion. A distribution information acquisition step of acquiring stress distribution information by causing the adhesion stress light emission part to emit light and visually or recording a light emission image of the adhesion stress light emission part, and the obtained stress distribution information and design data of the structure And see A comparison study process for examining the improvement of the design data, and in the comparison study process, if it is determined that the design data needs to be improved, the design data is updated based on the stress distribution information. Since the distribution information feedback step for changing is included, it is possible to design not only the static stress but also the dynamic stress at the design stage of the structure.
　最後に、上述した各実施の形態の説明は本発明の一例であり、本発明は上述の実施の形態に限定されることはない。このため、上述した各実施の形態以外であっても、本発明に係る技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲であれば、設計等に応じて種々の変更が可能であることは勿論である。 Finally, the description of each embodiment described above is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For this reason, it is a matter of course that various modifications can be made in accordance with the design and the like as long as they do not depart from the technical idea according to the present invention other than the embodiments described above.

Claims (9)

  1. 　入力された三次元データに基づいて複数の座標点間を連続又は断続的に走査し、可塑性を有する造形用材料を走査軌跡上で硬化しつつ積層させて所定の立体造形物を構築する積層造形装置に供給するための積層造形用材料であって、可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料。 Laminate modeling that constructs a predetermined three-dimensional model by scanning a plurality of coordinate points continuously or intermittently based on the input three-dimensional data and laminating plastic modeling materials while curing them on the scanning trajectory An additive manufacturing material for supplying to an apparatus, wherein the stress-luminescent material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state.
  2. 　前記樹脂基剤の硬化状態において縦弾性係数が1000nm/N以下であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の積層造形用材料。 2. The additive manufacturing material according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal elastic modulus is 1000 nm / N or less in a cured state of the resin base.
  3. 　前記応力発光材料は、前記樹脂基剤中に10～90重量％の割合で含有されていることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の積層造形用材料。 3. The additive manufacturing material according to claim 1, wherein the stress-stimulated luminescent material is contained in the resin base in a proportion of 10 to 90% by weight.
  4. 　前記応力発光材料の粒子径は10ｎｍ～100μｍであることを特徴とする請求項１～３いずれか１項に記載の積層造形用材料。 4. The additive manufacturing material according to claim 1, wherein a particle diameter of the stress-stimulated luminescent material is 10 nm to 100 μm.
  5. 　前記立体造形物の少なくとも一部に請求項１～４いずれか１項に記載の積層造形用材料の硬化体よりなる応力発光部が備えられた応力分析用立体造形物。 A three-dimensional object for stress analysis, in which at least a part of the three-dimensional object is provided with a stress light-emitting portion made of a cured body of the additive manufacturing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
  6. 　前記応力発光部は、前記立体造形物の内部に形成したことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の応力分析用立体造形物。 6. The three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to claim 5, wherein the stress light-emitting portion is formed inside the three-dimensional object.
  7. 　請求項５又は請求項６に記載の応力分析用立体造形物を用いた構造物の設計改善方法であって、
    　所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、
    　前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により応力分析用立体造形物を構築する分析用造形物構築工程と、
    　得られた応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ応力発光部を発光させて、同応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、
    　得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、
    　同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することを特徴とする構造物の設計改善方法。     A method for improving the design of a structure using the three-dimensional object for stress analysis according to claim 5 or 6,
    3D data creation process for creating 3D data of a desired structure;
    Analytical model building process for building a three-dimensional model for stress analysis by the layered modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data;
    Distribution information for obtaining stress distribution information by causing the stress light emission part to emit light while applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional object for stress analysis and viewing or recording a light emission image of the stress light emission part Acquisition process;
    With reference to the obtained stress distribution information and the design data of the structure, a comparative examination process for examining for improvement of the design data,
    A structure design improvement method comprising: a distribution information feedback step of changing design data based on the stress distribution information when it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in the comparative examination step.
  8. 　前記分布情報フィードバック工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要ではないと判断されるまで、前記三次元データ作成工程と、前記分析用造形物構築工程と、前記分布情報取得工程と、前記比較検討工程とを繰り返し行うことを特徴とする請求項７に記載の構造物の設計改善方法。 In the distribution information feedback step, until it is determined that improvement of the design data is not necessary, the three-dimensional data creation step, the analytical object construction step, the distribution information acquisition step, and the comparative examination step The method for improving the design of a structure according to claim 7, wherein:
  9. 　所望する構造物の三次元データを作成する三次元データ作成工程と、
    　前記三次元データに基づいて積層造形装置により立体造形物を構築する造形物構築工程と、
    　可塑状態と硬化状態との間で変化可能な樹脂基剤中に応力発光材料が含まれてなる積層造形用材料を構築された立体造形物の少なくとも一部の表面に付着させ、付着応力発光部を備えた表面応力分析用立体造形物を構築する表面分析用造形物構築工程と、
    　得られた表面応力分析用立体造形物に対して所定の外力を付与しつつ付着応力発光部を発光させて、同付着応力発光部の発光像を目視又は記録することにより応力の分布情報を取得する分布情報取得工程と、
    　得られた応力分布情報と前記構造物の設計データとを参照しつつ、同設計データの改善のための検討を行う比較検討工程と、を備え、
    　同比較検討工程において、前記設計データの改善が必要と判断された場合、前記応力分布情報に基づいて設計データの変更を行う分布情報フィードバック工程を有することを特徴とする構造物の設計改善方法。     3D data creation process for creating 3D data of a desired structure;
    A model building process for building a three-dimensional modeled object with a layered modeling apparatus based on the three-dimensional data,
    An adhesion stress light emitting part is formed by adhering to a surface of at least a part of a three-dimensional structure formed by a layered modeling material in which a stress light emitting material is contained in a resin base that can be changed between a plastic state and a cured state. A surface analysis molded object construction step of constructing a three-dimensional molded object for surface stress analysis comprising:
    While applying a predetermined external force to the obtained three-dimensional model for surface stress analysis, the adhesion stress light emitting part is caused to emit light, and the light distribution image of the adhesion stress light emitting part is obtained by visual observation or recording. A distribution information acquisition process,
    With reference to the obtained stress distribution information and the design data of the structure, a comparative examination process for examining for improvement of the design data,
    A structure design improvement method comprising: a distribution information feedback step of changing design data based on the stress distribution information when it is determined that the design data needs to be improved in the comparative examination step.
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